位(wei)于陜西省寶(bao)(bao)雞市茹家莊。古魚(yu)國國都位(wei)于寶(bao)(bao)雞市中心,偏南(nan)八(ba)華里(li),常羊山下(xia),姜水之畔,姜渭交匯,蒙(meng)峪河,瓦峪河之間,離常羊山和蒙(meng)峪溝(gou)(gou)一溝(gou)(gou)之隔,離瓦峪,峪泉村三華里(li),離竹園溝(gou)(gou)二華里(li)。炎帝行宮就(jiu)在遺址圍內(炎帝行宮毀于五十年(nian)代末合作社(she)時)離姜水之畔一華里(li)。
西周(zhou)中期弓魚國(guo)國(guo)君弓魚伯墓及(ji)其夫(fu)人井(jing)姬墓。
兩(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)東西并(bing)列,都是土坑(keng)豎穴墓(mu)(mu)(mu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)南(nan)面有(you)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道并(bing)有(you)隨(sui)葬(zang)的(de)車馬坑(keng)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)內筑木(mu)槨,安放棺(guan)木(mu)。伯(bo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)南(nan)北(bei)長5.2米,東西寬8.48米,木(mu)槨長3.2米,寬4.2米。槨內分隔成深淺不同的(de)甲、乙(yi)兩(liang)室(shi)(shi),乙(yi)室(shi)(shi)底下有(you)一(yi)腰坑(keng)。□伯(bo)埋于較大的(de)乙(yi)室(shi)(shi),有(you)內外兩(liang)層棺(guan)。甲室(shi)(shi)另埋一(yi)人,有(you)人認為是弓(gong)魚伯(bo)之妾。兩(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)都有(you)殉葬(zang)人,□伯(bo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)殉7人,井(jing)姬墓(mu)(mu)(mu)殉2人。
墓(mu)中(zhong)出(chu)土(tu)青銅(tong)禮(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)、工具、車馬器(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉石(shi)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)品(pin),陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)、原始(shi)瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)共1500余(yu)(yu)件(jian)。弓(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)禮(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鬲(li)、尊(zun)、卣、爵、觶、盤及(ji)鳥形(xing)(xing)尊(zun)等(deng)(deng)30多(duo)件(jian),其中(zhong)8件(jian)有(you)(you)“弓(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)自作(zuo)用器(qi)(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)類的(de)(de)(de)銘文。此外,還有(you)(you)編(bian)鐘3枚。 井(jing)姬隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)禮(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鼎(ding)、鬲(li)、及(ji)羊尊(zun)等(deng)(deng)十余(yu)(yu)件(jian),多(duo)數(shu)有(you)(you)“弓(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)作(zuo)井(jing)姬用器(qi)(qi)(qi)”的(de)(de)(de)銘文。由此可(ke)以確認(ren)兩墓(mu)的(de)(de)(de)主人以及(ji)他們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)戈和短(duan)劍,均出(chu)于□伯(bo)(bo)(bo)墓(mu)中(zhong)。戈的(de)(de)(de)型式有(you)(you)直內無胡(hu)(hu)、短(duan)胡(hu)(hu)一穿的(de)(de)(de),也(ye)有(you)(you)援鋒呈三角形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。兩墓(mu)隨葬(zang)(zang)玉、石(shi)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)品(pin)1300多(duo)件(jian),主要為鹿、虎、鳥、魚(yu)等(deng)(deng)動物形(xing)(xing)象及(ji)項(xiang)鏈、串(chuan)飾(shi)等(deng)(deng)。□伯(bo)(bo)(bo)墓(mu)甲室中(zhong)隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)鼎(ding)和□,器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)比較特(te)殊,是(shi)其他地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)西周墓(mu)中(zhong)未曾(ceng)發現過的(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)可(ke)能是(shi)其他文化因素的(de)(de)(de)反映(ying)。
在茹家莊(zhuang)南約(yue)1.5公(gong)里的(de)竹(zhu)園溝,曾(ceng)發掘了20座墓(mu)(mu)葬,墓(mu)(mu)葬形制和(he)隨葬品與(yu)茹家莊(zhuang)西周(zhou)墓(mu)(mu)有很(hen)多相同(tong)之外,但(dan)年代略(lve)早。所出銅器銘文(wen)有□季字樣(yang),可知是又一(yi)處(chu)□國(guo)貴族墓(mu)(mu)地。這兩處(chu)墓(mu)(mu)地的(de)發現對研究西周(zhou)時(shi)代國(guo)地望提供了重要線(xian)索(suo),并對說明當地不(bu)同(tong)民族、不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)化間的(de)交流和(he)融(rong)合,提供了有力的(de)證據。
1974年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)——1975年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue),在(zai)寶雞市(shi)渭濱區(qu)神農(nong)鎮(zhen)茹家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun),由(you)村(cun)民平整(zheng)土(tu)地(di)時(shi)(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)銅器,馬(ma)(ma)骨(gu)(gu)架及(ji)大(da)量朱砂,當地(di)人(ren)稱猩紅,當時(shi)(shi)有村(cun)委書記楊明玉讓村(cun)民寧文(wen)(wen)(wen)岳等人(ren)用鋤把把車馬(ma)(ma)銅圈穿到(dao)鋤把上(shang)(shang)趕到(dao)益門公社(現(xian)(xian)神農(nong)鎮(zhen))主(zhu)管文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)陳(chen)(chen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)耀上(shang)(shang)報(bao),經(jing)陳(chen)(chen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)耀上(shang)(shang)報(bao)區(qu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)(現(xian)(xian)圖(tu)書館(guan))派張(zhang)德文(wen)(wen)(wen)等人(ren)到(dao)現(xian)(xian)場(chang)考察后上(shang)(shang)報(bao)原市(shi)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan),派領導盧(lu)連城(cheng)(cheng)考古專家(jia)(jia)馬(ma)(ma)儉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)過詳細勘探(tan)后確(que)定,有盧(lu)連城(cheng)(cheng)負責(ze),馬(ma)(ma)儉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)具體(ti)主(zhu)持對四車馬(ma)(ma)坑(keng)數巨型墓葬進行清理挖掘,兩月(yue)(yue)后,出(chu)土(tu)了(le)(le)一(yi)大(da)批的青(qing)(qing)銅器,兵器和生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)用品(pin)(pin),百多件玉料(liao),骨(gu)(gu)鋾,銅等制作的裝(zhuang)飾(shi)品(pin)(pin)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用品(pin)(pin),千余(yu)奇珍異寶露出(chu)地(di)面(mian),那些五顏六(liu)色,色彩斑斕,個個閃閃發(fa)光的珍寶佩(pei)飾(shi)布滿(man)了(le)(le)整(zheng)個棺面(mian),幾(ji)乎(hu)遍地(di)皆(jie)是(shi),使工作人(ren)員無從(cong)插腳,一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間消息不脛而走,吸引(yin)了(le)(le)大(da)批的各類人(ren)物(wu)觀看,在(zai)后來75年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)由(you)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)和陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)廳在(zai)故宮(gong)舉辦了(le)(le)(陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省寶雞市(shi)新(xin)出(chu)土(tu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)展)。歷時(shi)(shi)三月(yue)(yue)轟(hong)動了(le)(le)京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng),當時(shi)(shi)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)30多位考古文(wen)(wen)(wen)博(bo)科學家(jia)(jia)極(ji)大(da)關注并為(wei)此召開了(le)(le)學術座(zuo)談會。肯定了(le)(le)是(shi)我國(guo)史書上(shang)(shang)消失的古國(guo)(馬(ma)(ma)儉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)曾以墓內主(zhu)人(ren)棺外頂部(bu)帶蓋鼎和簋內銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)一(yi)個字(強)確(que)定其(強)初步論證,是(shi)我國(guo)史書不曾記載(zai)炎帝后裔西(xi)(xi)(xi)戎部(bu)族在(zai)此立國(guo)。填補了(le)(le)我國(guo)史書上(shang)(shang)一(yi)項空(kong)白(bai))。事隔(ge)近三十載(zai)。2000年(nian)(nian)我隨先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)儉(考古副研(yan)究員)來到(dao)茹家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)實(shi)地(di)調(diao)研(yan)。先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)給我講了(le)(le)很多關于強伯和炎帝之(zhi)間的關系及(ji)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou),歷王(wang),宣(xuan)王(wang),幽(you)王(wang)等,關于姜(jiang),疆,羌,強的歷史背景。引(yin)起我極(ji)大(da)興趣(qu),發(fa)誓我要親(qin)自再探(tan)茹家(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)強國(guo)墓。經(jing)六(liu)載(zai)鞍(an)馬(ma)(ma)勞頓,日夜風塵(chen),終于在(zai)今天的三月(yue)(yue)底,調(diao)研(yan)工作圓滿(man)結合。