歷史沿革
建設
相傳唐宋時,壽城(cheng)清真寺(si)建(jian)(jian)于縣城(cheng)西北隅(yu),明代移建(jian)(jian)于今址(zhi)。光緒《壽州志》記:“清真寺(si)在城(cheng)內留(liu)犢坊,康熙年(nian)建(jian)(jian)。”1977年(nian)修(xiu)寺(si)時,見(jian)前(qian)大殿屋(wu)頂(ding)望磚四(si)塊,文(wen)曰“天啟年(nian)建(jian)(jian)光緒庚寅年(nian)重修(xiu)朱彩良經(jing)手”;“重修(xiu)大殿阿訇劉國治,掌教梅(mei)映輝、梅(mei)春天、趙天培(pei)、梅(mei)文(wen)全,仲冬報竣”;“董事(shi)楊(yang)得山、朱懷亮、王(wang)元興、趙元標(biao),道光己(ji)巳年(nian)杏(xing)月(yue)立”;其(qi)四(si)為阿文(wen),譯意(yi)為“求主(zhu)給我們開慈(ci)憫之門”。
修繕重建
1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)維修(xiu)寺院時,發現兩塊藏于殿(dian)頂內的(de)志年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)望磚(zhuan),銘文(wen)一(yi)為“明天啟年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建,道光年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)”, 一(yi)為“光緒年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)”。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大殿(dian)大修(xiu)時,又在(zai)瓦椽上(shang)見有墨書(shu)“民國二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)”字(zi)樣。
規模建制
寺院大小
清真寺院落(luo)東西長128米(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬14米(mi)。中(zhong)軸線(xian)上,布(bu)置三進(jin)(jin)重院。前院正(zheng)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)大中(zhong)門(men)(men),兩側設偏(pian)門(men)(men);正(zheng)屋為(wei)(wei)二門(men)(men),兩側設偏(pian)門(men)(men),無廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)。二進(jin)(jin)院落(luo)是為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)院,正(zheng)殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)無像寶殿(dian)即禮拜殿(dian),殿(dian)前為(wei)(wei)寬廣的平臺。南(nan)北(bei)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)原阿文大、中(zhong)、小學教室(shi)及水房(fang)(fang)等,北(bei)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)西接“篩(shai)海(hai)洞”。院中(zhong)銀(yin)杏(xing)數(shu)株、參天蔽日(ri),掩映著殿(dian)廡門(men)(men)廊,呈現(xian)一(yi)派(pai)肅穆莊嚴的氣(qi)氛。后(hou)院由無相(xiang)寶殿(dian)環(huan)以垣墻(qiang)組成。
建筑風格
寺(si)內建筑主要采用當地漢族(zu)傳(chuan)統結構形式。大門、二門、南北廂房均(jun)為硬山(shan)頂、磚瓦粉脊(ji)。無像(xiang)寶殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)闊5間(jian),進深7間(jian),四周設廊。殿(dian)之正面(mian)(mian)(東面(mian)(mian))通設隔扇(shan)門,兩(liang)側面(mian)(mian)則各開(kai)券門5道。殿(dian)上面(mian)(mian)由前后兩(liang)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂組成,勾連搭式銜接。南北面(mian)(mian)觀(guan),檐飛角(jiao)翹,璧合珠(zhu)聯(lian);東西向望,壯闊雄偉,渾然一(yi)體。
殿(dian)的前(qian)后兩部(bu)分規(gui)模大(da)致(zhi)相(xiang)同,做法略有區別。前(qian)部(bu)(東(dong)部(bu))側廊(lang)(lang)(lang)稍寬(kuan),推測為(wei)建(jian)后擴建(jian)或(huo)重(zhong)修所致(zhi)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)均為(wei)石(shi)造(zao),前(qian)部(bu)明(ming)次(ci)間(jian)四(si)(si)柱(zhu)俱為(wei)八角(jiao)(jiao),角(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)及兩側廊(lang)(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)為(wei)四(si)(si) 梅花柱(zhu);后部(bu)(西部(bu))廊(lang)(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)、角(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)均作(zuo)四(si)(si)方切(qie)角(jiao)(jiao),柱(zhu)高(gao)4.2米,邊長(chang)0.35米。前(qian)部(bu)側廊(lang)(lang)(lang)枋(fang)上(shang)置墊(dian)木(mu)2塊,上(shang)刻回(hui)紋;后部(bu)枋(fang)上(shang)作(zuo)花墊(dian)板(ban),上(shang)刻卷草(cao)紋。正面柱(zhu)上(shang)僅設坐斗、無(wu)拱(gong),斗上(shang)直接架抱頭(tou)梁(liang),上(shang)置挑檐(yan)檁,重(zhong)檐(yan)作(zuo)三跳,下昂斗拱(gong)3朵,偷心造(zao),角(jiao)(jiao)梁(liang)下立撐木(mu),撐木(mu)中部(bu)雕蓮瓣紋。
殿的(de)南、北側面券(quan)(quan)門上(shang)施(shi)水磨青磚(zhuan)門置,做法簡潔(jie),僅額材兩頭及(ji)枋柱交接(jie)處施(shi)雕(diao),其余(yu)券(quan)(quan)門則為(wei)磨磚(zhuan)對縫線腳。券(quan)(quan)眉施(shi)四(si)方球形雕(diao)飾。后殿券(quan)(quan)眉雕(diao)卷草(cao)紋樣,構圖、技法較(jiao)前部(bu)精湛。材額上(shang)亮花墊板的(de)構造(zao)亦(yi)較(jiao)前部(bu)復雜,后部(bu)做法顯(xian)見(jian)明代(dai)痕跡。
前(qian)殿(dian)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)為清代御賜,墩飾較(jiao)精細。正面廊(lang)(lang)柱(zhu)(zhu)用鼓墩式,上(shang)下刻(ke)蓮(lian)瓣,底(di)(di)坐刻(ke)蔓(man)草紋;金柱(zhu)(zhu)用四、六柱(zhu)(zhu)墩,下設鼎座,各面刻(ke)植物紋樣(yang),殿(dian)頂覆灰筒瓦,戲脊雕蔓(man)草紋,上(shang)置(zhi)脊獸(已毀)山(shan)花作直欞板狀,博(bo)風板緊貼(tie)其上(shang),上(shang)施如意卷草垂魚。梁架簡潔(jie),前(qian)后雙步(bu)(bu)中點立柱(zhu)(zhu)作重(zhong)檐,側檐作法亦同,重(zhong)檐檐步(bu)(bu),底(di)(di)層廊(lang)(lang)步(bu)(bu)設穿插材(cai),內槽大梁設隨梁枋,月梁底(di)(di)部(bu)挖槽,脊童置(zhi)抱梁云(yun)。殿(dian)內舊時(shi)懸有清康熙至(zhi)宣統(tong)年間(1908-1911年)賜匾(bian)20余方(fang),今不存(cun)。寺內現存(cun)乾(qian)隆(1736-1795年)至(zhi)光緒(xu)間碑刻(ke)6方(fang),碑文多載(zai)義民捐施事(shi)項(xiang)。
主要景觀
清真寺院(yuan)落,東西長(chang)128、南北(bei)(bei)寬44米,中軸線上布置三(san)進重院(yuan):前院(yuan)正門(men)(men)為大中門(men)(men),兩(liang)側設偏門(men)(men);正屋為二門(men)(men),兩(liang)側亦(yi)設有(you)(you)偏門(men)(men);二進院(yuan)落為中院(yuan),正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為無(wu)相寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),即禮拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。面(mian)闊5間,深7間,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四(si)周均有(you)(you)走(zou)廊(lang),立有(you)(you)石(shi)廊(lang)柱(zhu),正面(mian)通(tong)作隔扇門(men)(men),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南、北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)側各開券門(men)(men)5道,兩(liang)股一(yi)(yi)體,重檐(yan)歇山頂,以(yi)(yi)勾連搭式銜(xian)接(jie)(jie)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)明柱(zhu)50根,內(nei)涵49間半,936平方米。結構、雕飾均具(ju)有(you)(you)明代建筑的特點。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)原懸二十塊清康熙年(nian)間至宣統年(nian)問賜匾,已(yi)不存在,尚(shang)有(you)(you)乾隆至光(guang)緒(xu)年(nian)問碑刻六方。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前為平臺,南北(bei)(bei)廂房(fang)原為阿(a)文(wen)大、中、小學教室及(ji)水房(fang)等(deng)。北(bei)(bei)廂房(fang)西接(jie)(jie)“篩海洞”。后院(yuan)由無(wu)相寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環以(yi)(yi)垣墻組(zu)成。南北(bei)(bei)面(mian)觀,檐(yan)飛(fei)角交,璧合珠聯;東西相望,壯闊雄偉,渾然(ran)一(yi)(yi)體。5株銀杏參天,一(yi)(yi)派肅穆莊嚴氣勢(shi)。
榮譽
1986年7月安徽省人民(min)政府公布為省級重點文物保護(hu)單位。
2013年3月中(zhong)華人民(min)共和(he)國國務院公布第七批全國重(zhong)點文物保護單位。