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工程簡介

喀(ka)什(shen)塔什(shen)庫(ku)(ku)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)干(gan)(gan)縣興建(jian)(jian)的下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水利(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是2001年國(guo)務院批(pi)準的《塔里(li)木(mu)河流(liu)域(yu)近期(qi)綜合治理(li)規劃》中確定(ding)的唯一山區水利(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，屬國(guo)家、新疆維吾爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自治區重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設項目，位于塔里(li)木(mu)河水系葉爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)羌河支(zhi)流(liu)塔什(shen)庫(ku)(ku)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)干(gan)(gan)河的中下(xia)游。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壩址距(ju)塔什(shen)庫(ku)(ku)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)干(gan)(gan)縣城45公(gong)里(li)、距(ju)烏魯木(mu)齊(qi)1815公(gong)里(li)。下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水利(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)期(qi)為(wei)55個月(yue)(yue)。其中：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備(bei)期(qi)18個月(yue)(yue)，主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)24.5個月(yue)(yue)(2007年9月(yue)(yue)大壩實現(xian)截流(liu)，2009年10月(yue)(yue)第一臺(tai)機組發(fa)電)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)建(jian)(jian)期(qi)限12.5個月(yue)(yue)。

基礎設施

下坂地水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)(wei)于新疆塔里木(mu)河源流(liu)葉爾(er)羌河主(zhu)要支流(liu)之一的塔什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)河中(zhong)下游(you)。樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地處喀什(shen)地區塔什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)塔吉克自治縣班迪爾(er)鄉境內(nei)，距(ju)(ju)塔什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)塔吉克自治縣45km，距(ju)(ju)喀什(shen)市(shi)(shi)315km。從(cong)喀什(shen)市(shi)(shi)到塔什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)縣有(you)314國道(dao)通過(guo)，為樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要對外(wai)交(jiao)通道(dao)路，從(cong)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)壩(ba)址至(zhi)314國道(dao)。該(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要任務是(shi)以生態(tai)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及春(chun)旱供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為主(zhu)，結合(he)發電的綜(zong)合(he)性Ⅱ等大型工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫正常擋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)2960m，總庫容8.67億(yi)m3，電站總裝機150MW。樞(shu)紐(niu)建筑物由攔(lan)河壩(ba)、導流(liu)泄洪(hong)洞、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發電洞和電站廠(chang)房四部(bu)分組(zu)成。

新(xin)疆下坂地(di)(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設平(ping)均海拔(ba)高度(du)(du)3050米，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)庫容(rong)8.67億(yi)(yi)立方米，電站(zhan)裝(zhuang)機(3×50MW)150Mw，平(ping)均發電量(liang)4.644億(yi)(yi)Kw.h；該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)可防御洪(hong)水(shui)標準(zhun)為(wei)100年(nian)一遇(yu)，大壩(ba)地(di)(di)震設防標準(zhun)為(wei)8.5度(du)(du)。下坂地(di)(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)興建(jian)，可替代塔河(he)下游16座平(ping)原水(shui)庫蓄(xu)水(shui)，并能滿足葉(xie)河(he)向塔河(he)多年(nian)輸水(shui)并使(shi)農田(tian)灌區(qu)提高，緩解喀什、克州的(de)嚴重缺電問題，對促進地(di)(di)區(qu)經濟和社會發展，穩(wen)固邊疆政治和社會穩(wen)定方面(mian)都(dou)具(ju)有十分重要和深遠的(de)意義。下坂地(di)(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自2005年(nian)開(kai)始(shi)建(jian)設以(yi)來，擔任(ren)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務的(de)葛洲(zhou)壩(ba)集團、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集團等10多家(jia)單(dan)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作人員克服高寒缺氧和風沙肆虐(nve)等困(kun)難，先后(hou)突破地(di)(di)質結(jie)構復雜(za)、高邊坡、深度(du)(du)覆蓋層(ceng)等技術難題，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)得以(yi)順利進行(xing)。一期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)難度(du)(du)最(zui)大的(de)高7米、寬8.5米、全長1425.85米的(de)導流泄洪(hong)洞已竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；豎(shu)井正在進行(xing)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)緊(jin)張封頂；在406米長的(de)大壩(ba)壩(ba)基(ji)上(shang)，葛洲(zhou)壩(ba)集團的(de)45臺深度(du)(du)鉆(zhan)機正在向地(di)(di)下150米的(de)基(ji)巖層(ceng)進行(xing)帷幕(mu)灌漿；全長35公(gong)里(li)的(de)左岸對外交通道路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)已進入(ru)到最(zui)后(hou)瀝青處理階段，計(ji)劃10月底完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

防洪設施

大(da)(da)(da)壩基礎防(fang)滲采用“覆蓋層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)墻下幕(mu)和基巖帷(wei)幕(mu)灌漿”綜(zong)合(he)處(chu)理方案(an)，合(he)同和以(yi)往(wang)的(de)(de)項目比(bi)較(jiao)有(you)(you)以(yi)下特點：①施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)特殊：由于冰磧(qi)砂礫(li)石覆蓋厚(hou)(hou)達150m，所以(yi)在覆蓋層(ceng)(ceng)中采用了上(shang)部深(shen)85m，厚(hou)(hou)1m的(de)(de)混凝土防(fang)滲墻下接4排(pai)灌漿帷(wei)幕(mu)來全部截斷覆蓋層(ceng)(ceng)滲流防(fang)滲方案(an)；由于基巖強風(feng)(feng)化帶(dai)厚(hou)(hou)，節理裂隙發育，左(zuo)岸(an)防(fang)滲帷(wei)幕(mu)采用3排(pai)灌漿孔，右岸(an)帷(wei)幕(mu)為(wei)單排(pai)孔。②地(di)質條(tiao)件(jian)復雜：冰磧(qi)砂礫(li)石覆蓋層(ceng)(ceng)中含山體崩落體，河(he)流沖積(ji)物交錯沉積(ji)，大(da)(da)(da)小不(bu)一，最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)達到10m以(yi)上(shang)；兩(liang)岸(an)山體風(feng)(feng)化帶(dai)厚(hou)(hou)，風(feng)(feng)化裂隙嚴重；地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)滲透系(xi)(xi)數大(da)(da)(da)，平均滲透系(xi)(xi)數在10-1～10-2。③施工(gong)(gong)(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)惡劣：由于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)區(qu)海拔高程2900，兩(liang)岸(an)山體常年積(ji)雪，且無植被，十分(fen)缺氧；夏季泥(ni)石流時有(you)(you)發生；整(zheng)夜風(feng)(feng)沙(sha)不(bu)停；施工(gong)(gong)(gong)區(qu)夏天只有(you)(you)半(ban)天的(de)(de)日曬時間；每年10月(yue)底就進(jin)入寒冷的(de)(de)冬季。④施工(gong)(gong)(gong)資源(yuan)調集困(kun)難：由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程地(di)處(chu)偏遠地(di)區(qu)，周邊城鎮(zhen)幾(ji)乎(hu)無任何資源(yuan)可調，350km以(yi)外的(de)(de)喀(ka)什(shen)資源(yuan)也(ye)極為(wei)有(you)(you)限。⑤施工(gong)(gong)(gong)場地(di)狹窄，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)干(gan)擾(rao)(rao)大(da)(da)(da)：整(zheng)個(ge)河(he)谷軸(zhou)線(xian)長370m，左(zuo)右兩(liang)岸(an)有(you)(you)高邊坡(po)開挖(wa)、導流洞和引(yin)水隧洞開挖(wa)，河(he)床防(fang)滲施工(gong)(gong)(gong)又分(fen)為(wei)左(zuo)右兩(liang)個(ge)標段，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)干(gan)擾(rao)(rao)大(da)(da)(da)。

經濟效益

下坂地水利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)程(cheng)是塔里木河流域綜合治理項目(mu)之一，工(gong)程(cheng)以春(chun)季早供水、生態補水、發電等為建(jian)(jian)設(she)目(mu)標(biao)。工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)成后，總(zong)庫容(rong)量可達8．67億立方米(mi)，將在很大(da)程(cheng)度上改變葉爾(er)羌河流域“春(chun)旱、夏洪、秋缺(que)、冬枯(ku)”的狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。這工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)施工(gong)區域海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)，高(gao)(gao)地震烈度、高(gao)(gao)邊坡處理、深(shen)覆蓋(gai)層(ceng)等復雜的地質地貌(mao)結構中國罕見，施工(gong)條件艱苦(ku)，技術要求高(gao)(gao)。工(gong)程(cheng)匯集了來自全國各地的優秀水利(li)施工(gong)隊(dui)伍。自工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)以來，建(jian)(jian)設(she)者們(men)發揚“艱苦(ku)不怕苦(ku)、缺(que)氧不缺(que)志氣”的精神，保(bao)證了各項工(gong)程(cheng)的按時完工(gong)。

工程總量

下坂地水(shui)利樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)國(guo)務院批復的《塔(ta)里木河(he)流域(yu)近期綜合治理(li)規劃報告》中(zhong)確定(ding)的唯一(yi)的一(yi)座大型山(shan)區(qu)水(shui)利樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。它位于新疆喀(ka)什(shen)地區(qu)葉爾羌河(he)主(zhu)要支流之一(yi)的塔(ta)什(shen)庫爾干河(he)中(zhong)游，是(shi)以生態補(bu)水(shui)、春旱供水(shui)為(wei)主(zhu)，結合發電的綜合性水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)造福喀(ka)、克兩地州400萬(wan)各(ge)族人民的富民工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。項目經過喀(ka)什(shen)地委、行(xing)署五(wu)屆(jie)領導班子、兩代水(shui)利人，二(er)十多年的不懈(xie)努(nu)力，于2005年12月經國(guo)家批準立項建設(she)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總投資18.06 億元，總庫容 8.67 億立方(fang)米(mi)，電機裝機15 萬(wan)千瓦。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要建筑物有攔河(he)閘、導流泄洪(hong)洞(dong)、引水(shui)發電洞(dong)、電站(zhan)廠(chang)房組成。

下設分站

辛(xin)迪中(zhong)心站址位于下坂地管理站二級臺地，出露地層(ceng)均為第四系沖洪積物，上(shang)部巖(yan)性為砂壤土層(ceng)，灰黃色，較疏松，含植(zhi)物根系，具水平層(ceng)理，厚(hou)度1.5～2.5M；下部巖(yan)性為卵石(shi)層(ceng)，中(zhong)密，次圓(yuan)～渾圓(yuan)狀，粒徑(jing)一般5～12CM，礫石(shi)、砂土充填，土含量相對較高(gao)，成份(fen)由角閃片麻巖(yan)及角閃斜長片巖(yan)組成，厚(hou)度大于15M。地下水位埋(mai)深不詳。

布達爾水文(wen)站址位于塔什庫爾干河右(you)岸河漫灘，出露地(di)層(ceng)均為第(di)四系統沖洪積物，上部巖(yan)性為砂(sha)壤土層(ceng)，灰黃色(se)，疏松，含植(zhi)物根(gen)系，厚度0.3～0.5M；下部巖(yan)性為卵(luan)石層(ceng)，灰白(bai)色(se)，中密，渾圓狀，分(fen)選(xuan)性較好，粒徑一般6～10CM，最大(da)(da)15～20CM，含量約占65%，礫石、砂(sha)土充(chong)填，成份以砂(sha)巖(yan)、大(da)(da)理巖(yan)、灰巖(yan)為主，厚度大(da)(da)于10M。地(di)下水位埋深5～6M。

伊爾列黑水文站位(wei)于塔什庫(ku)爾干(gan)河左岸河漫灘(tan)，出露地層均為(wei)(wei)第四(si)系沖洪積(ji)物，巖(yan)性(xing)：上部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵(luan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)層，灰(hui)白(bai)色，中密(mi)，次圓(yuan)～渾圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，粒(li)(li)徑(jing)一般(ban)6～15CM，含量(liang)約(yue)占(zhan)58%，含漂(piao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，最大粒(li)(li)徑(jing)20～40CM，角礫、砂土充填，成(cheng)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)角閃片(pian)麻巖(yan)、片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)主，厚(hou)4～5M；中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)角礫層，灰(hui)白(bai)色，中密(mi)，棱角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，粒(li)(li)徑(jing)一般(ban)1～2CM，含量(liang)約(yue)占(zhan)70%，局部(bu)含碎石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，砂土充填，成(cheng)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)主，厚(hou)度(du)0.3～0.8M；下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵(luan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)層，灰(hui)白(bai)色，中密(mi)，次渾圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，粒(li)(li)徑(jing)一般(ban)6～10CM，含量(liang)約(yue)占(zhan)73%，含漂(piao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，最大粒(li)(li)徑(jing)20～40CM，成(cheng)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)角閃片(pian)麻巖(yan)、片(pian)巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)主，厚(hou)度(du)大于10M。地下(xia)水位(wei)埋深4.5～5M。

投入運營

新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是塔里木河流域近期(qi)綜合治(zhi)理項目(mu)中唯一的(de)(de)山區水(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，也是自(zi)治(zhi)區重點水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于2005年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)獲國(guo)家批準(zhun)建設，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概算總投資(zi)(zi)18.06億元，總庫容量8.67億立(li)方米，電站裝機容量15萬千瓦時(shi)，2005年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)完(wan)成四通(tong)一平工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，2005年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)奠基，2007年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)26日完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截(jie)流。新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2500多(duo)名建設者，克服海(hai)拔高，缺氧，地(di)質條(tiao)件(jian)復雜的(de)(de)不利(li)因素和(he)諸多(duo)困難，晝(zhou)夜施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，確保了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如期(qi)推進(jin)。截(jie)止目(mu)前(qian)，完(wan)成了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)投資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金16.33億元，完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設任務的(de)(de)90%。

新疆下坂(ban)地(di)(di)水利樞紐工程(cheng)建管局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)說：我們(men)(men)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)困難，因為它(ta)是高原地(di)(di)區，所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)缺氧，第(di)二個(ge)(ge)，我們(men)(men)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)具有三(san)高一(yi)深的(de)(de)特點(dian)，三(san)高主(zhu)要是高海(hai)拔、高邊(bian)坡(po)、高地(di)(di)震裂度，一(yi)深是我們(men)(men)大(da)壩這(zhe)一(yi)塊的(de)(de)基礎(chu)覆蓋層深度150米(mi)，處理起來也非(fei)(fei)常(chang)困難，在(zai)技術的(de)(de)角(jiao)度上(shang)講(jiang)，高邊(bian)坡(po)處理起來也非(fei)(fei)常(chang)困難，再加上(shang)工期(qi)(qi)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)緊張，有效(xiao)的(de)(de)施(shi)工期(qi)(qi)比(bi)較短，高原地(di)(di)區嘛，所(suo)以(yi)大(da)家(jia)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)過程(cheng)中，加班加點(dian)，在(zai)廣大(da)建設者們(men)(men)付出了(le)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)(de)努(nu)力，也付出了(le)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)(de)艱辛，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)終(zhong)于迎來了(le)咱們(men)(men)首臺機組的(de)(de)發電。

下班地(di)水利樞紐工程首(shou)臺機(ji)組的(de)發(fa)電運營，對(dui)塔什庫(ku)爾干縣經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展也將(jiang)起到積極的(de)促(cu)進作用。

塔(ta)什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)塔(ta)吉(ji)克(ke)自治(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)委書記臧愛武同期聲：下班地(di)水利樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程，首臺機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)將會緩(huan)解我們工(gong)(gong)業用電(dian)(dian)緊張的問(wen)題(ti)，等今(jin)年110變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)的建(jian)設(she)開工(gong)(gong)到明(ming)年年初建(jian)成，將從根(gen)本上(shang)解決我們縣(xian)工(gong)(gong)業發(fa)展電(dian)(dian)力不(bu)足的問(wen)題(ti)，將為塔(ta)什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)縣(xian)實現跨越式發(fa)展和長治(zhi)久安(an)奠(dian)定一定得基礎。