工程簡介
喀什(shen)塔什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干縣興建的(de)下坂地水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是2001年國務院(yuan)批準的(de)《塔里(li)木河(he)流域(yu)近期(qi)(qi)綜合治(zhi)理規劃》中(zhong)確定的(de)唯(wei)一山區水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),屬國家、新疆維吾爾(er)自(zi)治(zhi)區重點工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設項目,位于塔里(li)木河(he)水(shui)(shui)系葉爾(er)羌河(he)支流塔什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干河(he)的(de)中(zhong)下游。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)壩址(zhi)距塔什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干縣城45公里(li)、距烏魯木齊1815公里(li)。下坂地水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)為55個月。其中(zhong):施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備期(qi)(qi)18個月,主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)24.5個月(2007年9月大壩實現截流,2009年10月第(di)一臺機組(zu)發(fa)電),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完建期(qi)(qi)限12.5個月。
基礎設施
下坂地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐工程位于新疆塔(ta)(ta)(ta)里木河(he)源流(liu)葉爾羌(qiang)河(he)主(zhu)(zhu)要支(zhi)流(liu)之一的(de)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)(gan)河(he)中下游。樞(shu)紐工程地(di)(di)處喀什地(di)(di)區(qu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)吉克自治縣班迪爾鄉境內,距塔(ta)(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)(gan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)吉克自治縣45km,距喀什市315km。從喀什市到塔(ta)(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)(gan)縣有314國道(dao)通(tong)過,為樞(shu)紐工程主(zhu)(zhu)要對外交通(tong)道(dao)路(lu),從工程壩(ba)址至314國道(dao)。該工程主(zhu)(zhu)要任務是(shi)以生態補水(shui)(shui)(shui)及春旱(han)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)為主(zhu)(zhu),結合(he)發電(dian)的(de)綜合(he)性Ⅱ等大型工程。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正(zheng)常擋水(shui)(shui)(shui)位2960m,總庫(ku)容(rong)8.67億m3,電(dian)站總裝機(ji)150MW。樞(shu)紐建筑物由(you)攔河(he)壩(ba)、導(dao)流(liu)泄洪(hong)洞、引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)發電(dian)洞和電(dian)站廠房四部分組(zu)成。
新(xin)疆下(xia)坂地水(shui)利(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)平均(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)3050米(mi),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總庫(ku)容8.67億(yi)立方米(mi),電站裝機(ji)(3×50MW)150Mw,平均(jun)發電量4.644億(yi)Kw.h;該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)可(ke)防(fang)(fang)御洪水(shui)標(biao)(biao)準為100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇,大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)地震設(she)防(fang)(fang)標(biao)(biao)準為8.5度(du)(du)。下(xia)坂地水(shui)利(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)興建,可(ke)替代塔(ta)(ta)河下(xia)游16座平原水(shui)庫(ku)蓄水(shui),并能(neng)滿足葉(xie)河向塔(ta)(ta)河多年(nian)(nian)輸水(shui)并使(shi)農田灌區提高(gao)(gao),緩解喀什、克州的(de)(de)嚴重缺電問題(ti),對促進(jin)地區經(jing)濟和(he)社會發展,穩固邊疆政治和(he)社會穩定方面都具(ju)有十(shi)分重要和(he)深(shen)遠的(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。下(xia)坂地水(shui)利(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自2005年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始建設(she)以來,擔(dan)任施工(gong)(gong)任務(wu)的(de)(de)葛(ge)洲壩(ba)(ba)(ba)集團、新(xin)工(gong)(gong)集團等10多家單位工(gong)(gong)作人員克服(fu)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)缺氧和(he)風沙肆虐等困難(nan),先后(hou)突破地質結構(gou)復雜(za)、高(gao)(gao)邊坡、深(shen)度(du)(du)覆蓋層等技術(shu)難(nan)題(ti),使(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)得以順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)。一(yi)期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)難(nan)度(du)(du)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)7米(mi)、寬(kuan)8.5米(mi)、全(quan)長1425.85米(mi)的(de)(de)導流泄(xie)洪洞已(yi)竣工(gong)(gong);豎井正在進(jin)行(xing)最(zui)后(hou)的(de)(de)緊張封頂;在406米(mi)長的(de)(de)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基上,葛(ge)洲壩(ba)(ba)(ba)集團的(de)(de)45臺(tai)深(shen)度(du)(du)鉆機(ji)正在向地下(xia)150米(mi)的(de)(de)基巖層進(jin)行(xing)帷(wei)幕灌漿;全(quan)長35公里(li)的(de)(de)左岸(an)對外(wai)交通道路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)已(yi)進(jin)入到最(zui)后(hou)瀝(li)青(qing)處理階段,計劃10月底完工(gong)(gong)。
防洪設施
大(da)(da)壩基礎(chu)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)采(cai)用“覆(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)上墻(qiang)下(xia)幕和(he)(he)基巖帷(wei)幕灌漿”綜合(he)處理方(fang)案(an),合(he)同和(he)(he)以往的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)比較有(you)以下(xia)特(te)點:①施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)特(te)殊:由于冰磧(qi)砂礫石覆(fu)蓋(gai)厚(hou)(hou)達(da)150m,所以在覆(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)中采(cai)用了上部深(shen)85m,厚(hou)(hou)1m的(de)(de)混凝(ning)土防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)下(xia)接4排(pai)灌漿帷(wei)幕來全部截斷覆(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)滲(shen)流防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)方(fang)案(an);由于基巖強風化(hua)帶厚(hou)(hou),節理裂隙發(fa)育,左(zuo)岸(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)帷(wei)幕采(cai)用3排(pai)灌漿孔,右(you)岸(an)(an)帷(wei)幕為(wei)單排(pai)孔。②地(di)(di)質條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)復(fu)雜:冰磧(qi)砂礫石覆(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)中含山體(ti)崩落(luo)體(ti),河流沖(chong)積(ji)物交錯沉積(ji),大(da)(da)小(xiao)不(bu)一,最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)達(da)到10m以上;兩(liang)岸(an)(an)山體(ti)風化(hua)帶厚(hou)(hou),風化(hua)裂隙嚴重;地(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)滲(shen)透系(xi)數(shu)大(da)(da),平均滲(shen)透系(xi)數(shu)在10-1~10-2。③施(shi)工(gong)(gong)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)惡劣:由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區海拔高程2900,兩(liang)岸(an)(an)山體(ti)常年積(ji)雪,且無植被,十(shi)分缺氧(yang);夏季泥石流時有(you)發(fa)生;整夜(ye)風沙不(bu)停;施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區夏天(tian)只有(you)半天(tian)的(de)(de)日(ri)曬時間(jian);每(mei)年10月底(di)就進入寒(han)冷的(de)(de)冬(dong)季。④施(shi)工(gong)(gong)資源調(diao)集困難:由于工(gong)(gong)程地(di)(di)處偏遠地(di)(di)區,周邊城鎮幾乎無任何資源可調(diao),350km以外的(de)(de)喀什資源也極為(wei)有(you)限。⑤施(shi)工(gong)(gong)場地(di)(di)狹窄(zhai),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)干擾大(da)(da):整個(ge)河谷(gu)軸線(xian)長(chang)370m,左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)岸(an)(an)有(you)高邊坡開(kai)挖、導流洞和(he)(he)引水隧(sui)洞開(kai)挖,河床防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)又分為(wei)左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)個(ge)標(biao)段(duan),施(shi)工(gong)(gong)干擾大(da)(da)。
經濟效益
下坂地(di)(di)水利(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是(shi)塔(ta)里木(mu)河流域(yu)綜合治理項目之一,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程以(yi)春季早(zao)供水、生態(tai)補(bu)水、發(fa)電等(deng)為建(jian)(jian)設(she)目標。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)成后(hou),總庫(ku)容量可達8.67億(yi)立(li)方米,將在很大程度上改(gai)變葉爾羌河流域(yu)“春旱、夏洪(hong)、秋缺(que)、冬枯”的狀況。這工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)區域(yu)海拔高,高地(di)(di)震(zhen)烈度、高邊坡處理、深覆蓋層等(deng)復(fu)雜的地(di)(di)質地(di)(di)貌結構中(zhong)國(guo)罕見,施工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件艱苦,技術(shu)要求高。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程匯集了來(lai)自全國(guo)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)的優秀(xiu)水利(li)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍。自工(gong)(gong)(gong)程開工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)以(yi)來(lai),建(jian)(jian)設(she)者們發(fa)揚“艱苦不(bu)怕苦、缺(que)氧不(bu)缺(que)志氣”的精神,保(bao)證了各(ge)(ge)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的按時完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
工程總量
下坂地水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程是國務院批(pi)(pi)復的(de)《塔(ta)(ta)里(li)木河(he)流域近(jin)期綜合(he)治理(li)規劃報(bao)告》中確定的(de)唯一的(de)一座大型山區水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程。它位于(yu)新疆喀什(shen)地區葉爾(er)羌(qiang)河(he)主要(yao)支流之一的(de)塔(ta)(ta)什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)河(he)中游,是以生態補水(shui)(shui)、春旱供水(shui)(shui)為主,結(jie)合(he)發電(dian)的(de)綜合(he)性水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程,是造福喀、克兩地州400萬(wan)各族人(ren)民(min)的(de)富民(min)工(gong)(gong)程。項目經(jing)過喀什(shen)地委(wei)、行(xing)署五(wu)屆(jie)領導(dao)班子、兩代水(shui)(shui)利(li)人(ren),二十多(duo)年的(de)不懈努(nu)力,于(yu)2005年12月(yue)經(jing)國家批(pi)(pi)準立(li)項建設。工(gong)(gong)程總(zong)投資(zi)18.06 億(yi)元,總(zong)庫容 8.67 億(yi)立(li)方米,電(dian)機(ji)(ji)裝機(ji)(ji)15 萬(wan)千瓦(wa)。工(gong)(gong)程主要(yao)建筑物有攔河(he)閘、導(dao)流泄洪洞、引水(shui)(shui)發電(dian)洞、電(dian)站廠房組成。
下設分站
辛迪中心站址位(wei)于(yu)下(xia)(xia)坂地管理站二(er)級臺地,出露地層均為(wei)(wei)第四系(xi)沖(chong)洪積物,上部(bu)巖性為(wei)(wei)砂(sha)壤土(tu)層,灰黃色,較疏(shu)松,含植物根系(xi),具水(shui)平層理,厚(hou)度1.5~2.5M;下(xia)(xia)部(bu)巖性為(wei)(wei)卵(luan)石層,中密,次圓(yuan)(yuan)~渾圓(yuan)(yuan)狀,粒(li)徑一般5~12CM,礫石、砂(sha)土(tu)充填,土(tu)含量相對較高(gao),成(cheng)份由角閃(shan)片麻(ma)巖及角閃(shan)斜長(chang)片巖組成(cheng),厚(hou)度大于(yu)15M。地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)位(wei)埋(mai)深不詳(xiang)。
布達爾(er)水(shui)(shui)文站址位于(yu)塔什庫(ku)爾(er)干河(he)右岸河(he)漫灘(tan),出(chu)露地(di)層(ceng)均(jun)為(wei)第(di)四系統沖(chong)洪積物,上部(bu)巖(yan)性為(wei)砂(sha)(sha)壤土層(ceng),灰(hui)(hui)黃(huang)色,疏(shu)松,含植物根系,厚度(du)0.3~0.5M;下部(bu)巖(yan)性為(wei)卵石層(ceng),灰(hui)(hui)白色,中密,渾圓(yuan)狀,分選性較好,粒徑(jing)一般6~10CM,最大(da)(da)15~20CM,含量約占(zhan)65%,礫石、砂(sha)(sha)土充填,成份以砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)、大(da)(da)理巖(yan)、灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)為(wei)主,厚度(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)10M。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位埋深(shen)5~6M。
伊爾(er)列(lie)黑水(shui)文站位(wei)于(yu)塔(ta)什庫爾(er)干河(he)左(zuo)岸河(he)漫灘(tan),出露地(di)層(ceng)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)第四系沖洪積(ji)物,巖(yan)(yan)性:上部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵石層(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中(zhong)密(mi),次圓~渾圓狀,粒徑一(yi)(yi)般(ban)6~15CM,含量約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)58%,含漂石,最大粒徑20~40CM,角礫(li)、砂土充填,成(cheng)份(fen)以角閃(shan)片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)、片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),厚4~5M;中(zhong)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)角礫(li)層(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中(zhong)密(mi),棱(leng)角狀、片(pian)(pian)狀,粒徑一(yi)(yi)般(ban)1~2CM,含量約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)70%,局部(bu)含碎石,砂土充填,成(cheng)份(fen)以片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),厚度(du)0.3~0.8M;下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵石層(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中(zhong)密(mi),次渾圓狀,粒徑一(yi)(yi)般(ban)6~10CM,含量約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)73%,含漂石,最大粒徑20~40CM,成(cheng)份(fen)以角閃(shan)片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)、片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),厚度(du)大于(yu)10M。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位(wei)埋深4.5~5M。
投入運營
新(xin)疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)塔里木河流域近期綜合治(zhi)理項目中唯一(yi)的山區水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),也是(shi)自(zi)治(zhi)區重點水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于2005年12月(yue)獲國(guo)家(jia)批準(zhun)建設(she),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概算總投資(zi)18.06億元,總庫容(rong)量8.67億立方米(mi),電站裝機容(rong)量15萬千瓦時,2005年5月(yue)完(wan)成四通一(yi)平工(gong)(gong)(gong)作,2005年7月(yue)16日工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)奠基,2007年9月(yue)26日完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)截流。新(xin)疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)利(li)(li)(li)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)2500多名建設(she)者(zhe),克服(fu)海拔高,缺氧,地(di)質(zhi)條件(jian)復雜的不利(li)(li)(li)因(yin)素和諸多困(kun)難(nan),晝夜施工(gong)(gong)(gong),確保了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)如(ru)期推進。截止(zhi)目前,完(wan)成了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)資(zi)金16.33億元,完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)任務的90%。
新(xin)疆下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)利樞紐工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)管局副局長說:我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)這(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)困(kun)(kun)難,因為它是高(gao)(gao)原地(di)區,所以這(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)缺氧,第二個(ge),我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)這(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)具有(you)三高(gao)(gao)一深的(de)特點,三高(gao)(gao)主要是高(gao)(gao)海拔(ba)、高(gao)(gao)邊坡(po)、高(gao)(gao)地(di)震裂度(du),一深是我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)大(da)(da)壩這(zhe)一塊的(de)基礎(chu)覆蓋層深度(du)150米,處理起(qi)來也非(fei)常(chang)困(kun)(kun)難,在(zai)(zai)技術的(de)角度(du)上講(jiang),高(gao)(gao)邊坡(po)處理起(qi)來也非(fei)常(chang)困(kun)(kun)難,再加上工期非(fei)常(chang)緊張(zhang),有(you)效的(de)施工期比較(jiao)短,高(gao)(gao)原地(di)區嘛,所以大(da)(da)家在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)過程(cheng)中(zhong),加班加點,在(zai)(zai)廣大(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)設者們(men)(men)付(fu)出了非(fei)常(chang)大(da)(da)的(de)努力,也付(fu)出了非(fei)常(chang)大(da)(da)的(de)艱辛(xin),這(zhe)個(ge)終(zhong)于迎來了咱們(men)(men)首臺機組的(de)發(fa)電。
下(xia)班地水利(li)樞紐工程首臺(tai)機組(zu)的發電運營,對塔什庫爾干縣(xian)經濟社(she)會發展也將(jiang)起到積(ji)極的促進作用。
塔(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾干塔(ta)吉克自治縣縣委書記臧愛武同期聲(sheng):下班地水利(li)樞紐工(gong)程,首(shou)臺機組發電將(jiang)會緩解(jie)(jie)我們(men)工(gong)業用電緊張的(de)問題(ti),等今(jin)年(nian)110變電所的(de)建設開(kai)工(gong)到(dao)明(ming)年(nian)年(nian)初建成,將(jiang)從根本上解(jie)(jie)決我們(men)縣工(gong)業發展(zhan)電力(li)不足的(de)問題(ti),將(jiang)為塔(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾干縣實現(xian)跨越式發展(zhan)和長治久(jiu)安奠定一定得基(ji)礎。