天龍(long)寺,清(qing)代改稱(cheng)圣壽寺,始建于北齊皇建五年(nian)(560),其中(zhong)力上、佛像(xiang)、脅侍諸像(xiang),雕(diao)技甚為(wei)精美。可(ke)惜在解(jie)放前被閻軍(jun)火毀(hui),幾(ji)成廢(fei)墟。天龍(long)寺,是(shi)(shi)解(jie)放后復原重(zhong)建或(huo)遷建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。除(chu)寺門兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐代力士、大(da)殿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明代三(san)(san)身佛外(wai),其余都是(shi)(shi)新(xin)塑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。大(da)殿是(shi)(shi)1984年(nian)從晉祠北大(da)寺村遷移來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明初重(zhong)建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北齊崇福寺大(da)殿。殿內(nei)供釋(shi)迦(jia)(jia)牟尼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)身你,即中(zhong)為(wei)法身佛,名毗盧(lu)(lu)遮那佛;左為(wei)報身佛,稱(cheng)盧(lu)(lu)舍那佛;右(you)為(wei)應身怫(fu),是(shi)(shi)釋(shi)迦(jia)(jia)牟尼佛。寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)側(ce)有(you)(you)鐘樓,后部有(you)(you)禪堂院、九蓮(lian)洞(dong),是(shi)(shi)僧尼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修禪處與(yu)(yu)宅(zhai)院。寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)側(ce)有(you)(you)北漢建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千(qian)佛樓,樓已毀(hui),存珍貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《千(qian)佛樓碑記(ji)》石(shi)刻。寺周散存十余通記(ji)事碑石(shi),記(ji)載(zai)著寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興廢(fei)。寺前有(you)(you)蟠(pan)龍(long)松(song),勢(shi)若(ruo)游龍(long),形似華蓋,老樹(shu)新(xin)枝,層層穿結,若(ruo)靜似動,情趣盎然,樹(shu)高僅三(san)(san)米,面(mian)積(ji)卻有(you)(you)200多平方米。樹(shu)下置石(shi)桌石(shi)凳,與(yu)(yu)寺周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商業攤點和新(xin)建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天龍(long)山(shan)(shan)莊,構成一組休閑、食(shi)宿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)場所。“虬柏蟠(pan)空”是(shi)(shi)天龍(long)山(shan)(shan)八景之一。
重建(jian)以后的圣(sheng)壽寺,仍依舊址。寺前流水淙淙,寺后林(lin)木蔥郁(yu),濃(nong)蔭蔽日,奇(qi)花佳木多達百余(yu)種。二進院落遞次升高,中軸線(xian)上(shang)自南而北建(jian)有山門殿、過殿、大雄寶殿,主(zhu)殿兩側建(jian)有配(pei)殿,山門東側為禪堂院、鐘樓(lou),寺后為九蓮(lian)洞、藏經樓(lou)。整(zheng)個建(jian)筑布(bu)局嚴謹,具有濃(nong)厚的宗教氣氛。
山門 位(wei)于中軸線的(de)最南端(duan),是一座精巧(qiao)玲瓏的(de)木結構建筑。面寬三間,進深(shen)二間,中設板門一列,前(qian)廊下塑(su)金剛(gang)力士,門后兩側為(wei)四大(da)天王。門前(qian)設有八字(zi)影壁,中嵌五彩琉璃團(tuan)龍一方,制作精細,色澤艷(yan)麗,團(tuan)龍張牙(ya)舞(wu)爪,生動勁健。
過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是寺(si)內的第(di)二重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂,因前(qian)后辟門可穿行(xing),故稱過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面寬五間,進(jin)深(shen)三間,廡(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式屋頂(ding),檐部(bu)施以五彩斗拱(gong),石質八角檐柱,造型莊重(zhong)典雅。過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又稱藥師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),因殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內奉有藥師(shi)三尊及十二藥叉大將而得名。
大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 為(wei)(wei)寺(si)內(nei)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),俗稱正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),居于全寺(si)的中心。明(ming)代重建(jian)(jian)時為(wei)(wei)五開間(jian)歇山式殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂,1947年(民國36年)毀于兵火(huo)。現存主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是20世紀80年代從晉祠北大寺(si)村原(yuan)崇福寺(si)遷(qian)建(jian)(jian)的。崇福寺(si)亦為(wei)(wei)一座古老的寺(si)院,創建(jian)(jian)于南北朝時期(qi)的北齊,隋唐時期(qi)高僧(seng)輩出,曾(ceng)在中國佛教(jiao)史上產生過重要(yao)影響。主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)1377年(明(ming)洪武(wu)十年)重建(jian)(jian)的原(yuan)構,面寬五間(jian),進(jin)深六椽(chuan),懸山式屋頂。前(qian)檐辟(pi)廊,廊下施四(si)踩(cai)斗拱,明(ming)、次間(jian)均為(wei)(wei)?扇門,兩梢間(jian)為(wei)(wei)直欞窗。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂內(nei)不(bu)設內(nei)柱,空間(jian)異(yi)常(chang)寬闊,能容納許(xu)多僧(seng)徒同(tong)時禮佛。
主殿內正(zheng)(zheng)面為(wei)寬達三間(jian)的(de)佛(fo)(fo)壇,正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)奉有(you)釋(shi)迦牟(mou)尼佛(fo)(fo)、藥師(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)、阿(a)(a)彌(mi)陀佛(fo)(fo)。佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)慈眉善目,面相端莊,具(ju)有(you)顯著的(de)明代風格(ge)。釋(shi)迦牟(mou)尼佛(fo)(fo)作(zuo)結(jie)跏趺坐(俗稱(cheng)盤(pan)腿打坐),左(zuo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)橫放(fang)于(yu)左(zuo)足上,名為(wei)定印,表示(shi)禪定,右手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)直(zhi)伸下垂(chui)(chui),名為(wei)“觸地(di)(di)印”,表示(shi)釋(shi)迦牟(mou)尼在成(cheng)道(dao)之前,為(wei)了眾生(sheng)而(er)犧牲自己(ji),這一切(qie)惟有(you)大地(di)(di)能夠(gou)證明,因為(wei)這都(dou)是(shi)在大地(di)(di)上做的(de)事。這種造型的(de)像(xiang)均為(wei)成(cheng)道(dao)像(xiang)。藥師(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)是(shi)左(zuo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)持缽,缽中(zhong)盛甘露(lu),右手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)持藥丸(wan)。阿(a)(a)彌(mi)陀佛(fo)(fo)的(de)造型是(shi)右手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)下垂(chui)(chui),作(zuo)與愿(yuan)印;左(zuo)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)當心(xin),手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)中(zhong)執金蓮臺。殿內兩側,供有(you)十(shi)八羅(luo)漢。羅(luo)漢是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)彩(cai)塑(su)中(zhong)最(zui)富有(you)世俗人情味(wei)和生(sheng)活氣息的(de)彩(cai)塑(su),形(xing)(xing)象千姿百態,能充分(fen)地(di)(di)將人們在生(sheng)活中(zhong)的(de)喜(xi)怒哀(ai)樂用雕塑(su)的(de)形(xing)(xing)式表現出來,將佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)教(jiao)義深奧(ao)的(de)教(jiao)理形(xing)(xing)象地(di)(di)普及到每個(ge)善男信女的(de)心(xin)中(zhong),具(ju)有(you)十(shi)分(fen)強烈的(de)感染(ran)力。
配(pei)殿(dian) 東西配(pei)殿(dian)均(jun)為面寬五間,進深五椽(chuan),單檐懸山式建筑。前(qian)構辟廊,檐柱、金(jin)柱均(jun)為八角(jiao)石柱。
法(fa)(fa)堂(tang)(tang)(tang) 據圣壽寺內明代碑的(de)記載,明嘉靖年(nian)間重建寺院時,曾在大雄寶殿(dian)后建有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。法(fa)(fa)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)亦稱講堂(tang)(tang)(tang),是演說(shuo)佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)皈戒(jie)集會(hui)之處,在佛(fo)寺中(zhong)是僅次(ci)于(yu)主(zhu)殿(dian)的(de)建筑。法(fa)(fa)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)中(zhong),除安置佛(fo)像外,還(huan)設有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)座,供演說(shuo)佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)者使用。法(fa)(fa)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后掛(gua)象征釋迦牟(mou)尼佛(fo)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)傳道的(de)圖像。座前(qian)置講臺,臺上供小佛(fo)像象征聽(ting)法(fa)(fa)的(de)諸佛(fo)。兩側(ce)列置聽(ting)法(fa)(fa)席。堂(tang)(tang)(tang)中(zhong)還(huan)有(you)(you)鐘(zhong)鼓,左側(ce)為鐘(zhong),右側(ce)為鼓,上堂(tang)(tang)(tang)說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)時擊鼓鳴鐘(zhong)。
禪(chan)(chan)(chan)堂(tang) 又稱云(yun)堂(tang)或僧(seng)堂(tang),與(yu)佛殿、法堂(tang)同為(wei)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)宗寺(si)(si)院(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)主要建(jian)筑。圣壽寺(si)(si)在明清(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)際為(wei)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)宗叢林,禪(chan)(chan)(chan)堂(tang)就設于(yu)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)的(de)東側(ce),與(yu)主寺(si)(si)基址相(xiang)連。圣壽寺(si)(si)現存禪(chan)(chan)(chan)堂(tang)院(yuan)傳(chuan)說創建(jian)于(yu)北漢(han)廣運年(nian)間(jian)(974年(nian)~979年(nian)),明清(qing)(qing)(qing)歷代均有修葺(qi),現存為(wei)清(qing)(qing)(qing)同治(zhi)年(nian)間(jian)(1862年(nian)~1874年(nian))重修后的(de)建(jian)筑。二進院(yuan)落,正(zheng)面為(wei)禪(chan)(chan)(chan)堂(tang)3間(jian),兩側(ce)建(jian)有耳房(fang)(fang),為(wei)寺(si)(si)僧(seng)的(de)早晚誦經之(zhi)所(suo),兩側(ce)客堂(tang)各3間(jian),前院(yuan)東西禪(chan)(chan)(chan)房(fang)(fang)各5間(jian),為(wei)寺(si)(si)內(nei)的(de)府庫。南面為(wei)一座精巧玲瓏的(de)垂花門,建(jian)筑裝飾簡(jian)潔(jie),風格輕(qing)盈。禪(chan)(chan)(chan)院(yuan)外(wai)南房(fang)(fang)為(wei)寺(si)(si)僧(seng)的(de)齋廚,東房(fang)(fang)為(wei)碾磨(mo)房(fang)(fang)。
九蓮洞(dong)(dong) 位于禪堂院之(zhi)后,原(yuan)為(wei)圣(sheng)壽寺(si)的(de)延壽堂(即養老(lao)堂)。由(you)9間形制相同、內部相通(tong)的(de)磚(zhuan)窯洞(dong)(dong)組成(cheng),故稱(cheng)為(wei)“九連(lian)洞(dong)(dong)”,因與“九蓮”發音相同,又稱(cheng)“九蓮洞(dong)(dong)”。舊時住在九蓮洞(dong)(dong)的(de)僧人大多是等待圓(yuan)寂的(de)老(lao)和尚(shang)。他們認(ren)為(wei),在九蓮洞(dong)(dong)中圓(yuan)寂,象征著能進入“西天(tian)極樂世界”。
藏經(jing)樓 原位(wei)于大雄寶殿之(zhi)左,建(jian)于1700年(nian)(nian)(清康熙三(san)十九年(nian)(nian)),1935年(nian)(nian)(民國(guo)24年(nian)(nian))毀(hui)壞。重建(jian)的藏經(jing)樓位(wei)于禪堂(tang)院后的九蓮洞之(zhi)上。圣壽寺在(zai)古代(dai)名僧(seng)輩出,藏經(jing)亦多,據(ju)1932年(nian)(nian)太原縣保存(cun)古跡古物(wu)委員(yuan)會在(zai)天龍山圣壽寺查核,除(chu)散佚外,尚存(cun)532套(函)。
鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)位于(yu)(yu)寺(si)院的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)門兩側(ce),合稱(cheng)為鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。左側(ce)為鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),司晨;右側(ce)為鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),司暮(mu)。圣壽寺(si)的(de)(de)(de)鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)創(chuang)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明嘉靖(jing)年(nian)間(1522年(nian)~1566年(nian)),原(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)筑已毀(hui),鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是近年(nian)仿照明代(dai)建(jian)筑重(zhong)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)內的(de)(de)(de)大鐵鐘是明代(dai)原(yuan)(yuan)物,聲(sheng)音(yin)洪亮,音(yin)域廣闊(kuo),擊(ji)之,此起彼伏的(de)(de)(de)余(yu)聲(sheng)回(hui)蕩于(yu)(yu)四面八方。寂靜的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)林,梵鐘之聲(sheng)飄過,更顯(xian)佛教叢林的(de)(de)(de)幽秘。
古(gu)名(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍寺(si)(si)(si),560年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(皇建(jian)(jian)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),北(bei)齊孝昭帝高(gao)演創建(jian)(jian)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍寺(si)(si)(si)初建(jian)(jian)時的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)狀,因記載(zai)缺乏已(yi)難以(yi)詳考(kao)。北(bei)漢皇帝劉繼元(yuan)(968年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)位)又在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍寺(si)(si)(si)新建(jian)(jian)了(le)千佛樓。金天(tian)(tian)(tian)會年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1134年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍寺(si)(si)(si)毀于(yu)兵火(huo)。1148年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(金皇統八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開始恢復,建(jian)(jian)千佛大(da)(da)殿、六師堂;1158年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(金正(zheng)隆三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重修山門(men)、鐘樓。其后,元(yuan)、明(ming)(ming)多次(ci)(ci)重建(jian)(jian)。明(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1522年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1566年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),在(zai)古(gu)潭法師的(de)(de)(de)主持下,天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍寺(si)(si)(si)進(jin)行了(le)一次(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)維修,奠定了(le)寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)布局(ju)。據1546年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(明(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖二十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))維修碑記載(zai),圣壽寺(si)(si)(si)為一座三(san)(san)進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落的(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)有山門(men)、前殿、大(da)(da)雄寶殿、法堂,東西配殿,前院(yuan)(yuan)有伽藍殿、祖師殿,中(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)配殿各5間,法堂兩側各有廂房5間,鐘樓建(jian)(jian)于(yu)山門(men)左側。寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)左側為僧人活(huo)動區。從總體(ti)布局(ju)上(shang)(shang)看(kan)是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)禪宗寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)布局(ju)。以(yi)后歷有修建(jian)(jian),但基本格局(ju)未變。1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(民國36年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))寺(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部分建(jian)(jian)筑毀于(yu)兵火(huo)。20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,依(yi)明(ming)(ming)代風格重建(jian)(jian)。