黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)位(wei)于額(e)爾(er)古(gu)(gu)納(na)右旗根(gen)河(he)、得(de)(de)爾(er)布(bu)爾(er)河(he)注入額(e)爾(er)古(gu)(gu)納(na)河(he)間(jian)沼(zhao)澤地東部臺(tai)地上,它背山(shan)(shan)面水,正當大興安嶺山(shan)(shan)地與呼倫貝(bei)爾(er)草原(yuan)交接之處。黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)南臨根(gen)河(he),北(bei)倚得(de)(de)爾(er)布(bu)爾(er)河(he),地勢險要,可攻(gong)可守,是古(gu)(gu)代(dai)扼守草原(yuan)北(bei)方的門戶,進出草原(yuan)的咽喉。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)在黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭西北(bei)約10公里處,因地處黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭而得(de)(de)名。整個(ge)遺址呈“干”字(zi)狀,地面的花崗巖圓形柱(zhu)礎排列有序(xu),間(jian)距4米(mi),琉璃瓦、青(qing)磚(zhuan)、龍(long)紋(wen)瓦當和綠釉覆盆(pen)殘片俯拾(shi)皆是。
黑山(shan)頭(tou)古(gu)城位于額(e)爾(er)古(gu)納右旗根河、得爾(er)布爾(er)河注入(ru)額(e)爾(er)古(gu)納河間沼澤地東(dong)部臺地上,它(ta)背山(shan)面水,正(zheng)當大(da)興安嶺山(shan)地與(yu)呼倫貝爾(er)草原交接之處。
古城(cheng)(cheng)由(you)內城(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)組成。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形,占地346290平方(fang)米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻殘高1-2米(mi),高4米(mi)以上。墻體(ti)頂寬(kuan)2米(mi),底寬(kuan)6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底寬(kuan)5-9米(mi),深(shen)1-2米(mi)。四面(mian)均(jun)設(she)(she)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men),門(men)垣寬(kuan)9-12米(mi)。門(men)外(wai)設(she)(she)甕城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)每(mei)隔100米(mi)左右(you)有(you)一馬面(mian),城(cheng)(cheng)墻拐角(jiao)處有(you)高大的角(jiao)樓突出于墻垣之外(wai)。
內城處于(yu)外城中間(jian)偏西偏北位(wei)置,呈長(chang)方(fang)形,占地18871平(ping)方(fang)米,有(you)東西兩座小門(men),城外亦有(you)壕(hao)。
景(jing)區現狀(zhuang): 黑(hei)山(shan)頭古(gu)城景(jing)區距(ju)內蒙(meng)古(gu)額爾古(gu)納市黑(hei)山(shan)頭鎮(zhen)北(bei)10公(gong)里,位于(yu)根河(he)、得耳布爾河(he)注入額爾古(gu)納河(he)入口(kou)處(chu)的東部沼澤臺地上(shang),三面環山(shan),一(yi)(yi)面環水,經過(guo)多年精(jing)心管護、合理建設,已(yi)經形成一(yi)(yi)處(chu)具有(you)豐富文化內涵旅游景(jing)區。
古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)景(jing)區(qu)的(de)核心,分(fen)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻均為土(tu)筑。其城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)坐北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),氣(qi)勢宏偉。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈(cheng)方(fang)形,周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)2.35公里,占地(di)346290平方(fang)米。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中間偏西(xi)偏北(bei)位置,呈(cheng)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形,周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)560米,占地(di)18871平方(fang)米,有東(dong)西(xi)兩座小門,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)亦有壕(hao)。整個建筑呈(cheng)“干”字(zi)狀,址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)花(hua)崗巖圓形柱礎(chu)排列有序,間距4米,址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)琉璃瓦、青磚、龍紋瓦當和(he)(he)綠釉(you)覆盆殘片俯拾(shi)皆是(shi)。有記載考(kao)證該古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)蒙古(gu)(gu)汗(han)國時期(qi),成吉思(si)汗(han)大弟(di)拙赤(chi)? 哈撒(sa)爾(er)王的(de)封(feng)地(di)。黑(hei)山頭(tou)“古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)”對研究額爾(er)古(gu)(gu)納市(shi)歷史的(de)沿(yan)革(ge)、考(kao)證具(ju)有重(zhong)要的(de)價(jia)值和(he)(he)意義。也是(shi)人們(men)尋古(gu)(gu)探幽、祭拜祖(zu)先,體驗(yan)蒙古(gu)(gu)民族生活習(xi)俗的(de)旅游勝地(di)。
在“古(gu)(gu)城遺址”北約100 米處,有(you)一座(zuo)30米高的(de)土丘(qiu),熟悉(xi)蒙古(gu)(gu)族文化習俗的(de)人們(men)一看便知,這是(shi)一座(zuo) “敖(ao)包山”,“敖(ao)包”蒙古(gu)(gu)語,漢譯(yi)為(wei)用(yong)土或石(shi)塊堆成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)堆子,早(zao)是(shi)因為(wei)草原坦蕩無垠(yin),牧民們(men)用(yong)來指示方向的(de)路標。后來,漸漸的(de)演(yan)變成(cheng)(cheng)祭祀(si)山神和(he)路神的(de)地方。
據(ju)傳說在(zai)(zai)這里成(cheng)(cheng)吉思汗率(lv)領乞彥部(bu)族(zu)騎士,曾(ceng)經(jing)在(zai)(zai)此地舉行過出征儀(yi)式,向(xiang)祖先立下了振(zhen)興部(bu)族(zu)的誓言。現在(zai)(zai),牧民(min)或路人從此地經(jing)過時,仍常常會(hui)停車下馬,往“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”上擺上一(yi)塊(kuai)石頭或是(shi)拴一(yi)個(ge)布條以示對(dui)祖先的祭(ji)拜,祈(qi)求“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”給(gei)自己和家(jia)人帶來一(yi)生的平安和幸(xing)福。目前山(shan)頂(ding)上復建由49個(ge)敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)組成(cheng)(cheng)的敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)群,用(yong)以祭(ji)祀(si)草原的圣神——騰格(ge)里,形成(cheng)(cheng)了呼倫(lun)貝爾大的“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”祭(ji)祀(si)區。
游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)服務(wu)中心(xin)是一處旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)設施,由旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)購物(wu)區(qu)、歌(ge)舞表演(yan)區(qu)、射(she)箭場等部分組成,向游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)提供(gong)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)。游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)可(ke)以在這里購到(dao)傳(chuan)統正宗(zong)的(de)草(cao)原游(you)(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)族的(de)工藝品,可(ke)以欣賞到(dao)草(cao)原游(you)(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)族優美的(de)歌(ge)舞表演(yan),可(ke)以體(ti)驗到(dao)蒙古鐵騎縱橫歐(ou)亞大地的(de)豪邁(mai)感覺。
黑山(shan)頭古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于額爾古(gu)納(na)市黑山(shan)頭西北約10公里(li)處。有記(ji)載稱該(gai)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是蒙(meng)古(gu)汗國時期,成吉(ji)思汗大弟拙赤(chi)哈薩爾王的封地。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)均(jun)為土(tu)筑。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形,周(zhou)長2.35公里(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)殘高1-2米(mi),高處在4米(mi)以上(shang);墻(qiang)體頂寬2米(mi),底寬6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底寬5-9米(mi),深1-2米(mi)。