黑(hei)山頭(tou)古(gu)(gu)城位于額爾(er)(er)古(gu)(gu)納右旗根河(he)、得爾(er)(er)布(bu)(bu)爾(er)(er)河(he)注(zhu)入額爾(er)(er)古(gu)(gu)納河(he)間(jian)沼澤地(di)(di)東(dong)部臺地(di)(di)上(shang),它背山面(mian)水(shui),正當大興(xing)安嶺山地(di)(di)與呼倫貝爾(er)(er)草(cao)原交(jiao)接(jie)之(zhi)處(chu)。黑(hei)山頭(tou)古(gu)(gu)城南臨根河(he),北(bei)倚(yi)得爾(er)(er)布(bu)(bu)爾(er)(er)河(he),地(di)(di)勢險要,可攻可守(shou),是古(gu)(gu)代扼守(shou)草(cao)原北(bei)方的門戶,進(jin)出草(cao)原的咽喉。古(gu)(gu)城在黑(hei)山頭(tou)西(xi)北(bei)約10公里(li)處(chu),因地(di)(di)處(chu)黑(hei)山頭(tou)而得名。整個遺址呈(cheng)“干”字狀,地(di)(di)面(mian)的花崗巖(yan)圓形(xing)柱礎排列有序,間(jian)距4米(mi),琉璃瓦、青磚、龍紋瓦當和綠釉覆盆殘片俯拾皆(jie)是。
黑(hei)山(shan)頭古城位于額爾古納右旗根河、得爾布(bu)爾河注(zhu)入(ru)額爾古納河間(jian)沼澤(ze)地(di)東部臺地(di)上,它背(bei)山(shan)面水,正當(dang)大(da)興安嶺山(shan)地(di)與(yu)呼倫貝爾草原(yuan)交接之處。
古城(cheng)(cheng)由(you)內城(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)組成。外城(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)(fang)形,占地(di)346290平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)殘(can)高1-2米(mi),高4米(mi)以上。墻(qiang)體(ti)頂寬(kuan)2米(mi),底寬(kuan)6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底寬(kuan)5-9米(mi),深1-2米(mi)。四(si)面(mian)均設(she)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men),門(men)垣(yuan)寬(kuan)9-12米(mi)。門(men)外設(she)甕城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外每(mei)隔100米(mi)左右有(you)一馬面(mian),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)拐角處有(you)高大的(de)角樓突出于墻(qiang)垣(yuan)之(zhi)外。
內城處于外城中間(jian)偏西偏北位置,呈長方形,占地18871平方米,有(you)東西兩(liang)座(zuo)小(xiao)門,城外亦有(you)壕。
景區現狀: 黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭古城景區距(ju)內蒙(meng)古額爾(er)古納(na)市黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)頭鎮北(bei)10公里,位于根(gen)河、得耳布爾(er)河注入額爾(er)古納(na)河入口處的東部沼澤臺地上(shang),三面(mian)環山(shan)(shan),一面(mian)環水,經過多年精心(xin)管(guan)護(hu)、合(he)理建設,已經形成(cheng)一處具(ju)有豐富文化內涵旅(lv)游景區。
古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)景區的(de)核(he)心(xin),分內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻均(jun)為土筑(zhu)。其城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),氣勢(shi)宏偉。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形(xing),周(zhou)長(chang)2.35公里,占地(di)(di)(di)346290平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于(yu)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)間偏(pian)西(xi)偏(pian)北位(wei)置,呈長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),周(zhou)長(chang)560米(mi)(mi),占地(di)(di)(di)18871平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)兩座小門,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)亦有(you)(you)(you)壕。整個建筑(zhu)呈“干”字狀,址(zhi)內花崗巖圓(yuan)形(xing)柱礎排列有(you)(you)(you)序,間距4米(mi)(mi),址(zhi)內琉璃瓦(wa)、青(qing)磚、龍紋瓦(wa)當和綠釉覆盆殘片(pian)俯拾皆(jie)是(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)記載考證(zheng)該古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)蒙古(gu)(gu)汗(han)國(guo)時(shi)期,成吉思(si)汗(han)大弟拙赤? 哈撒爾(er)王的(de)封地(di)(di)(di)。黑山頭(tou)“古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)”對研究額爾(er)古(gu)(gu)納市歷史的(de)沿革、考證(zheng)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)價值和意義。也是(shi)人們(men)尋(xun)古(gu)(gu)探幽(you)、祭拜(bai)祖先(xian),體驗蒙古(gu)(gu)民(min)族(zu)生活習俗的(de)旅游勝地(di)(di)(di)。
在“古城遺址”北約100 米(mi)處(chu),有一座30米(mi)高的土丘,熟悉(xi)蒙古族(zu)文化習俗的人們一看(kan)便知,這是一座 “敖(ao)包山(shan)”,“敖(ao)包”蒙古語,漢譯(yi)為(wei)(wei)用土或石塊(kuai)堆成的堆子(zi),早是因為(wei)(wei)草(cao)原坦蕩無垠,牧民們用來指示方向的路標。后來,漸漸的演(yan)變成祭(ji)祀山(shan)神(shen)和路神(shen)的地(di)方。
據傳說在(zai)(zai)這里成吉思汗率領(ling)乞彥部(bu)族(zu)騎(qi)士,曾(ceng)經在(zai)(zai)此(ci)地舉行過出征儀式,向祖(zu)先(xian)立下了(le)(le)振(zhen)興部(bu)族(zu)的誓言。現(xian)在(zai)(zai),牧民或(huo)路人從此(ci)地經過時,仍(reng)常常會停(ting)車(che)下馬,往“敖(ao)包”上擺上一(yi)塊石頭或(huo)是拴一(yi)個布條以示對祖(zu)先(xian)的祭拜,祈求“敖(ao)包”給(gei)自己和(he)家人帶來(lai)一(yi)生(sheng)的平(ping)安(an)和(he)幸福。目前山頂上復建(jian)由49個敖(ao)包組成的敖(ao)包群(qun),用以祭祀草原的圣神——騰格里,形成了(le)(le)呼倫貝(bei)爾大(da)的“敖(ao)包”祭祀區。
游(you)(you)客(ke)服(fu)務中心是一(yi)處旅(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務設施(shi),由(you)旅(lv)游(you)(you)購物區、歌舞表(biao)演區、射箭場等(deng)部(bu)分(fen)組成,向游(you)(you)客(ke)提(ti)供旅(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務。游(you)(you)客(ke)可以在(zai)這里購到(dao)傳統正宗的草(cao)原游(you)(you)牧民族的工藝品(pin),可以欣賞到(dao)草(cao)原游(you)(you)牧民族優美的歌舞表(biao)演,可以體驗(yan)到(dao)蒙古鐵騎縱(zong)橫歐亞(ya)大(da)地的豪(hao)邁感(gan)覺。
黑山頭(tou)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于額爾古(gu)納市黑山頭(tou)西北約10公里(li)處。有記載稱該古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)是蒙古(gu)汗(han)國時期,成吉思(si)汗(han)大(da)弟拙赤(chi)哈薩爾王的封地。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)墻均為土筑。外城(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形,周長(chang)2.35公里(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻殘(can)高1-2米(mi),高處在4米(mi)以上;墻體頂(ding)寬2米(mi),底寬6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻外有護城(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底寬5-9米(mi),深(shen)1-2米(mi)。