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歷史資料

這座(zuo)大院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)(yu)上新街51號，全稱(cheng)“世界紅萬(wan)字(zi)會濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)母(mu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”，又稱(cheng)“濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。據(ju)悉，濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是1921年(nian)由濱(bin)州人杜秉賓等在濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，會員主要(yao)是軍(jun)閥、官紳等。辦會宗(zong)旨以(yi)道(dao)(dao)教為(wei)(wei)主，信(xin)奉(feng)自(zi)己所創造、能超越各宗(zong)教的(de)(de)(de)所謂"老祖(zu)"。因(yin)主張儒(ru)、道(dao)(dao)、佛、伊斯蘭(lan)、天(tian)主教五教合(he)(he)一并從事(shi)慈善活動，勢力得到迅速發(fa)展。至1939年(nian)國(guo)內各地建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)436處，在香港、神戶、新加坡(po)等地建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)修道(dao)(dao)點200余處。濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)因(yin)是始(shi)創地故被奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)總部(bu)和(he)母(mu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。 濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)1934年(nian)，1942年(nian)竣工，整組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)南(nan)(nan)北軸線長(chang)215米(mi)，東西寬65米(mi)，占地面積(ji)13975平方米(mi)，主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)4284平方米(mi)。道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)采用(yong)中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布局手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，前(qian)后共有四進院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)，沿中(zhong)軸線依次(ci)為(wei)(wei)照(zhao)壁、正門(men)、前(qian)廳、正殿、辰光閣等主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，兩側東西廂房以(yi)廊(lang)相連。門(men)前(qian)照(zhao)壁寬36米(mi)，基厚2米(mi)，通高約(yue)10米(mi)，底部(bu)為(wei)(wei)石砌須(xu)彌座(zuo)，壁心嵌高浮(fu)雕(diao)琉璃盆(pen)景，盆(pen)體篆有“吉祥(xiang)”字(zi)樣。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布局得當，主次(ci)分明。舊(jiu)址(zhi)采用(yong)傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，主體建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)屋架結(jie)(jie)構，斗拱均采用(yong)清式大木作手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，但均為(wei)(wei)混凝土結(jie)(jie)構，是一座(zuo)以(yi)宮殿與廟宇(yu)混合(he)(he)組成的(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群，是古代傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式與現代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技術、材料相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)范例。

濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)之所以(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)迅猛，關鍵(jian)在于其先后(hou)得(de)(de)到北洋政(zheng)府(fu)和國民黨政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)承(cheng)認(ren)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)對外高舉世界紅(hong)卍(wan)字會的(de)(de)慈善(shan)大旗，在民間也得(de)(de)到充分認(ren)可。濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南乃至中國近現代史上的(de)(de)諸多大事，都(dou)能看(kan)到濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)介入。如1928年(nian)五三慘案發(fa)生后(hou)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)紅(hong)卍(wan)字會之名(ming)進行救濟(ji)(ji)(ji)活動(dong)。1932年(nian)，濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)召開(kai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)12年(nian)立道(dao)(dao)(dao)大會。濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)宏偉(wei)建筑，就是根據這次大會上所作的(de)(de)為母院(yuan)(yuan)固道(dao)(dao)(dao)基之決議案而募捐建成(cheng)的(de)(de)。捐款自(zi)1933-1943年(nian)，總(zong)額多達(da)230萬元(yuan)。據說日偽(wei)期間，善(shan)男(nan)信女問老祖何時(shi)抗戰勝利、重見天日，老祖回答：道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)全部落(luo)成(cheng)，日本人就會撤離濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南。為了使這句(ju)話免得(de)(de)落(luo)空，道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)的(de)(de)“晨光閣”全部落(luo)成(cheng)后(hou)，一(yi)直沒有粉刷……

1937年(nian)，韓復榘不戰而退，濟南道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)歷城(cheng)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)頭目何仲(zhong)起、張星(xing)五、王露(lu)洪等聯合濟南商(shang)(shang)界紳商(shang)(shang)郊(jiao)迎日寇入城(cheng)。不少(shao)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)重要人(ren)物(wu)都出來擔任了(le)偽(wei)職(zhi)，像唐仰杜做了(le)偽(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)長，張星(xing)五做了(le)偽(wei)民政廳長，成逸安做了(le)偽(wei)道(dao)尹(yin)。抗戰勝利后，濟南道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)紅(hong)卍字會(hui)仍安然無恙(yang)，大(da)概1950年(nian)以后，人(ren)民政府才(cai)解散了(le)這個組織。1948年(nian)紅(hong)卐會(hui)被(bei)取締后，該(gai)建筑群被(bei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)古代(dai)文(wen)物(wu)管理(li)委員會(hui)接管。1956年(nian)后，為山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)博物(wu)館陳(chen)列室。1995年(nian)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)考古研究(jiu)所移駐該(gai)院(yuan)(yuan)。

世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是源(yuan)起(qi)濟南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)近代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)型(xing)民(min)(min)間(jian)慈(ci)善組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，它根源(yuan)于(yu)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。濟南(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是1921年(nian)由(you)濱州人(ren)(ren)杜秉賓等(deng)在(zai)(zai)濟南(nan)(nan)創建的(de)(de)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)(yuan)主要(yao)(yao)是軍閥。官(guan)紳。辦會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)宗(zong)旨以(yi)道(dao)教為主，信奉自己所創造(zao)，能超(chao)(chao)越各宗(zong)教的(de)(de)所謂“太乙先天老祖”。主張儒、道(dao)、佛、伊斯蘭(lan)、天主教，五教合(he)一(yi)(yi)，并從事慈(ci)善活(huo)動。因(yin)官(guan)方支持，勢力(li)得到迅速發(fa)展。至(zhi)1939年(nian)，國(guo)(guo)內各地(di)建道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)436處，香港(gang)、日(ri)本、新加坡等(deng)地(di)建道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。修道(dao)點200余處。濟南(nan)(nan)因(yin)是始創地(di)，故被奉為總部(bu)和母(mu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)德社和世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)都是道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)下屬機構(gou)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)所有會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)(yuan)均系(xi)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)人(ren)(ren)。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是二(er)而(er)為一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)，對外(wai)稱(cheng)(cheng)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，對內稱(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)既(ji)萌生于(yu)前，又統(tong)攝(she)于(yu)后(hou)(hou)。道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成立后(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)久，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)籌備(bei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)9月在(zai)(zai)濟南(nan)(nan)大(da)明湖召開(kai)。后(hou)(hou)經北(bei)京(jing)(jing)政府內務部(bu)審批備(bei)案，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)華(hua)總會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)正式成立。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)“促(cu)進世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)和平(ping)，救濟災患”為宗(zong)旨，隨(sui)即在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)各地(di)設置分(fen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，逐漸構(gou)建起(qi)遍(bian)布(bu)全國(guo)(guo)，且(qie)遠(yuan)及海外(wai)的(de)(de)慈(ci)善救濟網絡。從網上(shang)很多資料(liao)可以(yi)看出，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當年(nian)與世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)十字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和華(hua)洋義賑會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)相比，絲毫不(bu)(bu)落下風。雖然(ran)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)資金籌募方面不(bu)(bu)如這兩(liang)個團(tuan)體有國(guo)(guo)際渠道(dao)，但(dan)是世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)救濟范圍。賑災力(li)度均遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超(chao)(chao)出以(yi)上(shang)兩(liang)個。近代中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)型(xing)民(min)(min)間(jian)慈(ci)善組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當之無愧(kui)。但(dan)是世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)，在(zai)(zai)日(ri)偽占(zhan)領期間(jian)的(de)(de)親日(ri)媚骨，留下其歷史(shi)上(shang)極(ji)不(bu)(bu)光(guang)彩(cai)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)面。1937年(nian)，韓復(fu)榘不(bu)(bu)戰而(er)逃(tao)。濟南(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和歷城道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭目聯合(he)商界(jie)迎日(ri)寇入城，不(bu)(bu)少道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)人(ren)(ren)物都出來擔任了(le)偽職。抗戰勝利后(hou)(hou)，濟南(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)仍安然(ran)無恙。解放后(hou)(hou)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也不(bu)(bu)作為反動會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)道(dao)門處理，但(dan)是人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府包(bao)辦了(le)一(yi)(yi)切社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事業(ye)，使(shi)這個民(min)(min)間(jian)慈(ci)善組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)失去(qu)了(le)活(huo)動空(kong)間(jian)。在(zai)(zai)此情(qing)況下，1953年(nian)2月，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)《人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)日(ri)報》發(fa)表聲(sheng)明，宣(xuan)布(bu)自行解散。隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)大(da)陸的(de)(de)各地(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，接連發(fa)布(bu)解散聲(sheng)明。至(zhi)此，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)退(tui)出大(da)陸歷史(shi)舞臺。