芒果视频下载

歷史資料

這座大(da)院(yuan)位于(yu)上新街51號(hao)，全稱(cheng)“世界紅萬字會(hui)(hui)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)母院(yuan)”，又稱(cheng)“濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)”。據悉，濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)是(shi)1921年(nian)由濱州(zhou)人(ren)杜(du)秉賓等在(zai)(zai)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)創(chuang)建(jian)的(de)，會(hui)(hui)員主(zhu)要是(shi)軍閥、官紳等。辦會(hui)(hui)宗(zong)旨(zhi)以道(dao)(dao)教為(wei)主(zhu)，信奉自(zi)己所創(chuang)造、能超越各(ge)宗(zong)教的(de)所謂"老祖"。因(yin)(yin)主(zhu)張儒(ru)、道(dao)(dao)、佛、伊斯蘭、天(tian)主(zhu)教五教合一并從事(shi)慈善活動，勢力得(de)到迅速(su)發展。至1939年(nian)國內各(ge)地(di)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)436處，在(zai)(zai)香港(gang)、神戶、新加坡(po)等地(di)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)修道(dao)(dao)點(dian)200余(yu)處。濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)因(yin)(yin)是(shi)始(shi)創(chuang)地(di)故(gu)被(bei)奉為(wei)總(zong)部(bu)和母院(yuan)。 濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)是(shi)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)近代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)1934年(nian)，1942年(nian)竣(jun)工，整組建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)南(nan)(nan)北軸線(xian)長215米(mi)，東西寬65米(mi)，占地(di)面積13975平(ping)方米(mi)，主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積4284平(ping)方米(mi)。道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)中國傳(chuan)統的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局(ju)(ju)手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，前(qian)后(hou)共(gong)有四進院(yuan)落，沿(yan)中軸線(xian)依次為(wei)照(zhao)(zhao)壁(bi)(bi)、正門(men)、前(qian)廳、正殿(dian)、辰(chen)光閣等主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，兩側東西廂房以廊相連。門(men)前(qian)照(zhao)(zhao)壁(bi)(bi)寬36米(mi)，基厚2米(mi)，通高(gao)約10米(mi)，底(di)部(bu)為(wei)石(shi)砌須彌(mi)座，壁(bi)(bi)心嵌高(gao)浮雕琉璃盆景，盆體篆(zhuan)有“吉祥(xiang)”字樣。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局(ju)(ju)得(de)當，主(zhu)次分明。舊址采(cai)(cai)用(yong)傳(chuan)統建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)屋(wu)架結構，斗拱均(jun)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)清式(shi)大(da)木作手(shou)法(fa)(fa)，但均(jun)為(wei)混凝土結構，是(shi)一座以宮殿(dian)與(yu)廟宇混合組成的(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群，是(shi)古代傳(chuan)統建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)與(yu)現代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技術、材料相結合的(de)范例。

濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)之所(suo)以(yi)發(fa)展迅(xun)猛，關鍵(jian)在于其先(xian)后(hou)得(de)到(dao)北(bei)洋政府(fu)和國民黨(dang)政府(fu)的(de)(de)承認(ren)。道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)對外高舉世界紅卍字會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)慈善(shan)大(da)旗，在民間也得(de)到(dao)充分認(ren)可。濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)乃至中國近現代史上的(de)(de)諸多大(da)事，都能看到(dao)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)的(de)(de)介(jie)入。如1928年五三慘案發(fa)生后(hou)，道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)以(yi)紅卍字會(hui)(hui)之名(ming)進行救濟(ji)活動(dong)。1932年，濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)召(zhao)開道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)12年立道(dao)(dao)大(da)會(hui)(hui)。濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)的(de)(de)宏偉建筑，就是根(gen)據(ju)這(zhe)次大(da)會(hui)(hui)上所(suo)作的(de)(de)為(wei)母院(yuan)固道(dao)(dao)基(ji)之決議(yi)案而募捐(juan)建成的(de)(de)。捐(juan)款自1933-1943年，總(zong)額多達230萬元(yuan)。據(ju)說日(ri)(ri)偽期間，善(shan)男信女問老祖何時抗(kang)戰勝利、重見(jian)天日(ri)(ri)，老祖回(hui)答：道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)全部(bu)落(luo)成，日(ri)(ri)本人就會(hui)(hui)撤離濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)。為(wei)了使(shi)這(zhe)句話(hua)免(mian)得(de)落(luo)空，道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)后(hou)的(de)(de)“晨光閣”全部(bu)落(luo)成后(hou)，一直沒有粉刷……

1937年，韓復榘不(bu)戰(zhan)而(er)退，濟(ji)南(nan)道院(yuan)與歷(li)城道院(yuan)的頭目何仲(zhong)起、張星五、王露洪等聯合濟(ji)南(nan)商(shang)界紳商(shang)郊迎日寇入城。不(bu)少道院(yuan)的重(zhong)要人(ren)物(wu)(wu)都出來擔(dan)任了(le)(le)(le)偽(wei)(wei)職，像唐仰(yang)杜做了(le)(le)(le)偽(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，張星五做了(le)(le)(le)偽(wei)(wei)民政廳長(chang)，成(cheng)逸安做了(le)(le)(le)偽(wei)(wei)道尹。抗戰(zhan)勝利(li)后，濟(ji)南(nan)道院(yuan)與紅(hong)卍字會仍(reng)安然無恙(yang)，大(da)概1950年以后，人(ren)民政府才解散了(le)(le)(le)這個(ge)組(zu)織。1948年紅(hong)卐會被取(qu)締(di)后，該(gai)建筑(zhu)群被山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)古代文(wen)物(wu)(wu)管理委員會接管。1956年后，為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)陳列室(shi)。1995年山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究所(suo)移駐該(gai)院(yuan)。

世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源(yuan)起濟(ji)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)近代中(zhong)國(guo)大型民間慈善(shan)組(zu)織(zhi)，它根(gen)源(yuan)于(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。濟(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1921年(nian)(nian)由(you)濱(bin)州人(ren)(ren)(ren)杜秉賓等在(zai)濟(ji)南(nan)創(chuang)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軍(jun)閥。官紳。辦(ban)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)宗(zong)旨以(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主，信(xin)奉自己所創(chuang)造，能超越(yue)各(ge)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)所謂(wei)“太乙先天老祖”。主張儒、道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、佛、伊斯蘭、天主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，五教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)一，并從事慈善(shan)活動。因(yin)官方支持，勢(shi)力得到迅(xun)速(su)發(fa)展。至1939年(nian)(nian)，國(guo)內各(ge)地(di)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)436處(chu)，香港、日本、新加(jia)坡等地(di)建(jian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。修道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)點200余處(chu)。濟(ji)南(nan)因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)始創(chuang)地(di)，故被(bei)奉為(wei)總(zong)部和(he)母院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)德社(she)和(he)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)下屬機構(gou)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)所有會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員均(jun)(jun)系(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二而為(wei)一的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)，對(dui)外稱(cheng)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，對(dui)內稱(cheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)既萌生(sheng)于(yu)前(qian)，又統攝(she)于(yu)后(hou)(hou)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)成立后(hou)(hou)不久(jiu)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)籌(chou)備會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)在(zai)濟(ji)南(nan)大明(ming)湖(hu)召開。后(hou)(hou)經北(bei)(bei)京政府內務部審批備案，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)華(hua)總(zong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)(nian)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)京正(zheng)式(shi)成立。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)“促進世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)和(he)平，救(jiu)濟(ji)災患”為(wei)宗(zong)旨，隨即在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)設置分會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，逐漸構(gou)建(jian)起遍布全(quan)國(guo)，且遠及海外的(de)(de)(de)慈善(shan)救(jiu)濟(ji)網(wang)絡。從網(wang)上很多資料可以(yi)看出(chu)(chu)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當年(nian)(nian)與世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)十字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)華(hua)洋義(yi)賑(zhen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)相比，絲(si)毫不落(luo)下風(feng)。雖然世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)資金籌(chou)募方面不如這(zhe)兩個(ge)團體有國(guo)際渠道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)救(jiu)濟(ji)范圍。賑(zhen)災力度均(jun)(jun)遠遠超出(chu)(chu)以(yi)上兩個(ge)。近代中(zhong)國(guo)大型民間慈善(shan)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)謂(wei)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當之無(wu)(wu)愧。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)領導人(ren)(ren)(ren)，在(zai)日偽占領期間的(de)(de)(de)親日媚骨，留下其歷(li)史上極(ji)不光彩的(de)(de)(de)一面。1937年(nian)(nian)，韓復榘(ju)不戰而逃。濟(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)歷(li)城道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭目(mu)聯合(he)商界(jie)迎日寇入城，不少道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)主要人(ren)(ren)(ren)物都(dou)出(chu)(chu)來擔任了偽職。抗戰勝(sheng)利后(hou)(hou)，濟(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)仍(reng)安然無(wu)(wu)恙(yang)。解放(fang)后(hou)(hou)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也不作為(wei)反動會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門處(chu)理，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政府包(bao)辦(ban)了一切社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事業(ye)，使(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)民間慈善(shan)組(zu)織(zhi)失去了活動空間。在(zai)此(ci)情況下，1953年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)《人(ren)(ren)(ren)民日報》發(fa)表聲明(ming)，宣布自行解散。隨后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)大陸(lu)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)地(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，接連(lian)發(fa)布解散聲明(ming)。至此(ci)，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)退出(chu)(chu)大陸(lu)歷(li)史舞臺。