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發掘單位：山東省(sheng)文(wen)物考古(gu)研究所(suo)

發掘領(ling)隊：鄭(zheng)同修

時代：西晉

2003年5月初，山東(dong)省臨(lin)沂市(shi)(shi)在(zai)市(shi)(shi)區王羲之故居公園擴建工程施工中(zhong)，發現(xian)兩(liang)座較大的磚室墓葬(zang)。隨即，山東(dong)省文物考古(gu)研究所和臨(lin)沂市(shi)(shi)文化局(ju)聯合(he)組成(cheng)考古(gu)隊進行了搶(qiang)救發掘，取得(de)了重要成(cheng)果。

墓葬(zang)位于臨沂市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)區洗硯池街北側(ce)、王(wang)羲之故居公園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)北部。兩座(zuo)墓葬(zang)東(dong)(dong)西相距30余米，除墓門(men)為(wei)(wei)石制之外，其(qi)余均為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)筑。其(qi)中1號墓為(wei)(wei)雙室(shi)墓葬(zang)，為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)已發掘(jue)漢晉大(da)中型磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓中保存最完(wan)整(zheng)的一座(zuo)，也是(shi)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)已發掘(jue)大(da)中型磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓葬(zang)中惟一一座(zuo)未被盜掘(jue)的墓葬(zang)，出土了豐(feng)富精美的隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)。

出土文物

墓(mu)葬(zang)出土隨葬(zang)品十(shi)分豐(feng)富，有(you)銅器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、漆(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)其它(ta)質料的隨葬(zang)品250余(yu)件(套)。其中瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)為(wei)南方風(feng)格的青(qing)瓷，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)盤(pan)口壺、雞首壺、罐(guan)、缽(bo)、水注(zhu)、燭臺(tai)(tai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)盤(pan)、釉(you)陶(tao)瓶(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類，其中盤(pan)多為(wei)漆(qi)衣陶(tao)。銅器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)熏爐(lu)、鼎(ding)、魁、斗(dou)、熨斗(dou)、燈(deng)、碗、弩(nu)(nu)機、帶鉤等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)為(wei)裝飾(shi)(shi)品，有(you)手鐲、釵、簪、鈴、串珠、牌飾(shi)(shi)、指環等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)刀、燈(deng)、鏡諸類。墓(mu)葬(zang)隨葬(zang)漆(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)數量(liang)也(ye)很(hen)多，但多腐朽嚴重，可辨(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)奩、壺、耳杯(bei)、盤(pan)、勺等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類。在出土隨葬(zang)品當中，尤以青(qing)瓷胡人(ren)(ren)騎獸燭臺(tai)(tai)、青(qing)銅人(ren)(ren)物騎獸燭臺(tai)(tai)、鳳(feng)鳥形(xing)銅熏爐(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物造(zao)型優美，保(bao)存十(shi)分完整；銅弩(nu)(nu)機上刻有(you)"正始二年(nian)(nian)五月(yue)十(shi)日左尚方造(zao)..."等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)30余(yu)字(zi)銘文(wen)(wen)；部分漆(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的底部有(you)清晰(xi)的朱(zhu)書文(wen)(wen)字(zi)，記載(zai)明確的年(nian)(nian)號，內容有(you)"太(tai)康七年(nian)(nian)"、"太(tai)康八年(nian)(nian)"和(he)"十(shi)年(nian)(nian)"三個年(nian)(nian)號以及(ji)"王(wang)女"、"李平"、"李次"、"官"等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)。

2號墓葬為單(dan)磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓，主(zhu)墓室(shi)前(qian)有寬大的甬道，是(shi)山東已發掘磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓中規模最大的單(dan)室(shi)墓葬，雖然(ran)經過(guo)兩次盜掘，但(dan)墓室(shi)結構保存依(yi)然(ran)完(wan)整，殘存各類文物20余(yu)件。

墓葬結構

從兩(liang)座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)的(de)(de)形(xing)制結構(gou)、隨葬(zang)品的(de)(de)器物(wu)組合特點(dian)和紀年資(zi)料初(chu)步判斷，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)的(de)(de)年代(dai)應(ying)(ying)屬西晉(jin)時期(qi)。1號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)完整地反(fan)映(ying)了(le)當時的(de)(de)葬(zang)制葬(zang)俗。同一墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)埋葬(zang)3個(ge)未成年人，是考古(gu)發掘中極(ji)為(wei)罕見的(de)(de)現象。出(chu)土(tu)隨葬(zang)品豐(feng)富而精美，為(wei)山(shan)東晉(jin)代(dai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中所僅見。2號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)雖然被(bei)盜(dao)，但規模更大，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)結構(gou)完整，與1號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)相(xiang)距不遠，時代(dai)相(xiang)近。兩(liang)座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)規模較大、構(gou)筑方(fang)式考究(jiu)、出(chu)土(tu)文物(wu)豐(feng)富精美，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主應(ying)(ying)具有(you)較強的(de)(de)經濟實力或一定(ding)的(de)(de)政治勢力，應(ying)(ying)與當時的(de)(de)名門望(wang)族(zu)或達官貴族(zu)有(you)一定(ding)關系。

對研究當時葬制葬俗有重要意義

臨沂洗硯(yan)池二號晉墓規模(mo)宏大

《光(guang)明(ming)日(ri)報》消息：本報6月6日(ri)報道(dao)的臨沂洗硯池(chi)晉墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)挖掘，得到社會的廣泛關注，經過考古工作者的努力，日(ri)前(qian)又發掘出(chu)二號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。一、二號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土文(wen)物(wu)近(jin)日(ri)在臨沂展出(chu)。 二號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東距(ju)一號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)距(ju)現地(di)表1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，封(feng)(feng)土夯筑。門(men)(men)(men)(men)南(nan)(nan)向，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)，上(shang)口(kou)寬(kuan)5.56米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、殘深4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、底(di)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)近(jin)處(chu)的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)上(shang)口(kou)有(you)(you)(you)一磚(zhuan)鋪平(ping)面遺跡(ji)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)結(jie)構為(wei)磚(zhuan)券單室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，雙(shuang)層(ceng)券頂(ding)由(you)(you)甬(yong)道(dao)和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)部分(fen)構成，甬(yong)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)(men)垛(duo)。南(nan)(nan)北通長(chang)13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、東西寬(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)內(nei)長(chang)6.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)寬(kuan)4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)高(gao)(gao)2.78米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，甬(yong)道(dao)內(nei)長(chang)2.94米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)寬(kuan)2.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)高(gao)(gao)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)垛(duo)南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)甬(yong)道(dao)均有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)框雙(shuang)扇石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，可自由(you)(you)開(kai)合(he)，石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)西扇鑿有(you)(you)(you)條狀把手。石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)一掖門(men)(men)(men)(men)，以平(ping)磚(zhuan)封(feng)(feng)堵。甬(yong)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)砌封(feng)(feng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)磚(zhuan)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)地(di)面鋪雙(shuang)層(ceng)磚(zhuan)，亦呈弧(hu)面隆起。有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)處(chu)盜洞分(fen)別從(cong)甬(yong)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)與(yu)(yu)(yu)東南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)進入(ru)室(shi)內(nei)。 二號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)建(jian)筑規模宏大，保存(cun)完(wan)整，是山東省(sheng)漢晉磚(zhuan)砌單室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)所罕見(jian)。根據墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)結(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)土文(wen)物(wu)的特點等埋葬(zang)情況綜合(he)分(fen)析，考古專家(jia)認為(wei)，該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)當為(wei)晉代夫妻合(he)葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，與(yu)(yu)(yu)一號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)屬同一家(jia)族(zu)，對于研究(jiu)當時的葬(zang)制葬(zang)俗(su)有(you)(you)(you)著重要意(yi)義。二號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)因先后兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)次被(bei)盜，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)內(nei)已(yi)被(bei)嚴(yan)重擾亂，隨葬(zang)品(pin)所剩無幾(ji)。甬(yong)道(dao)內(nei)僅(jin)見(jian)一件(jian)(jian)陶燈，主(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具棺(guan)(guan)木殘跡(ji)，周圍散(san)落有(you)(you)(you)鐵(tie)棺(guan)(guan)釘。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具成人骨骼分(fen)別散(san)落于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)西部。隨葬(zang)品(pin)僅(jin)見(jian)青銅(tong)器虎子、殘熨斗各1件(jian)(jian)，鐵(tie)器殘鼎1件(jian)(jian)、鏡3件(jian)(jian)，青瓷(ci)燈、罐(guan)、碗殘器各1件(jian)(jian)，串飾(shi)瑪瑙珠(zhu)3枚、小(xiao)珍(zhen)珠(zhu)一宗(zong)，另有(you)(you)(you)棺(guan)(guan)飾(shi)小(xiao)金釘24枚及(ji)小(xiao)銀釘等。

洗硯池

洗(xi)(xi)硯(yan)池(chi)(chi)位于(yu)長葛老城鎮內福泉井之(zhi)旁，池(chi)(chi)呈(cheng)長方(fang)形(xing)，長80米(mi)，寬30米(mi)，水深１－３米(mi)。池(chi)(chi)水呈(cheng)墨青色(se)，久(jiu)旱不涸，池(chi)(chi)邊(bian)有一高臺(tai)為鐘(zhong)繇學書臺(tai)，池(chi)(chi)前立(li)有1920年《重修(xiu)(xiu)洗(xi)(xi)硯(yan)池(chi)(chi)碑(bei)記》碑(bei)，高0.91米(mi)，寬0.4米(mi)， 碑(bei)文(wen)記述(shu)了(le)(le)鐘(zhong)繇的書法(fa)成就及(ji)其學字(zi)精神，對重修(xiu)(xiu)后的洗(xi)(xi)硯(yan)池(chi)(chi)景觀也作(zuo)了(le)(le)描繪(hui)。據傳三(san)國時期大書法(fa)家鐘(zhong)繇常邀胡昭字(zi)臺(tai)上(shang)練字(zi)，窮究先師技法(fa)，久(jiu)而(er)久(jiu)之(zhi)寫(xie)禿的筆堆集如(ru)山(shan)，寫(xie)過的紙帛棄之(zhi)成垛。由于(yu)洗(xi)(xi)筆洗(xi)(xi)硯(yan)，把滿池(chi)(chi)的水都(dou)洗(xi)(xi)成黑色(se)了(le)(le)。解(jie)放后，人民政府曾(ceng)對此進行了(le)(le)修(xiu)(xiu)復、保護。