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簡介

發掘單位：山東省文物考(kao)古研(yan)究所

發掘領隊(dui)：鄭同修

時代：西晉

2003年5月初，山(shan)東省臨(lin)(lin)沂市在(zai)市區(qu)王羲之故居公(gong)園擴建工(gong)程施工(gong)中，發現兩座較(jiao)大的磚(zhuan)室墓葬。隨即，山(shan)東省文(wen)物考(kao)古研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)和(he)臨(lin)(lin)沂市文(wen)化局聯合(he)組成考(kao)古隊進行了(le)搶(qiang)救發掘，取得了(le)重要(yao)成果。

墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)位(wei)于臨沂市市區洗硯池街北側、王羲(xi)之故(gu)居公園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)北部。兩座(zuo)墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)距30余(yu)米，除墓(mu)門為(wei)石制之外，其余(yu)均(jun)為(wei)磚(zhuan)筑。其中1號墓(mu)為(wei)雙室墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)，為(wei)山東(dong)(dong)已發掘(jue)(jue)漢晉大中型磚(zhuan)室墓(mu)中保存最完整的一座(zuo)，也(ye)是山東(dong)(dong)已發掘(jue)(jue)大中型磚(zhuan)室墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)中惟一一座(zuo)未被盜掘(jue)(jue)的墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)，出(chu)土了豐富(fu)精美的隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品。

出土文物

墓葬(zang)出土隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)十(shi)分(fen)豐富，有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、瓷(ci)(ci)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、漆器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及其它質料的隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)250余件(jian)(套)。其中(zhong)瓷(ci)(ci)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要為(wei)南方風格的青(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)盤(pan)口壺(hu)、雞首壺(hu)、罐、缽、水注、燭臺(tai)等(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)盤(pan)、釉陶(tao)瓶等(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)，其中(zhong)盤(pan)多(duo)為(wei)漆衣陶(tao)。銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)熏(xun)爐、鼎(ding)、魁(kui)、斗、熨斗、燈(deng)、碗、弩機、帶鉤等(deng)。金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要為(wei)裝飾品(pin)，有(you)(you)手鐲、釵、簪、鈴、串珠、牌飾、指環(huan)等(deng)。鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)刀、燈(deng)、鏡(jing)諸類(lei)。墓葬(zang)隨(sui)葬(zang)漆器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)數量也很多(duo)，但多(duo)腐朽嚴重(zhong)，可辨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)奩(lian)、壺(hu)、耳杯、盤(pan)、勺等(deng)類(lei)。在(zai)出土隨(sui)葬(zang)品(pin)當中(zhong)，尤以青(qing)瓷(ci)(ci)胡人騎獸燭臺(tai)、青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)人物騎獸燭臺(tai)、鳳(feng)鳥形銅(tong)(tong)熏(xun)爐等(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物造(zao)型優(you)美，保存十(shi)分(fen)完整；銅(tong)(tong)弩機上(shang)刻有(you)(you)"正(zheng)始(shi)二年(nian)五月(yue)十(shi)日左尚方造(zao)..."等(deng)30余字(zi)銘文；部(bu)分(fen)漆器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的底(di)部(bu)有(you)(you)清(qing)晰的朱書文字(zi)，記載明確的年(nian)號，內(nei)容(rong)有(you)(you)"太康七年(nian)"、"太康八年(nian)"和"十(shi)年(nian)"三個年(nian)號以及"王女"、"李(li)平"、"李(li)次"、"官(guan)"等(deng)文字(zi)。

2號墓(mu)葬為單磚室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)，主墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)前有寬大(da)的甬道(dao)，是(shi)山東(dong)已發(fa)掘磚室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)中規模最大(da)的單室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)葬，雖然經過兩次(ci)盜掘，但墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)結構保存(cun)(cun)依然完(wan)整，殘存(cun)(cun)各類(lei)文(wen)物20余件(jian)。

墓葬結構

從兩座墓葬(zang)(zang)的(de)形(xing)制結構(gou)、隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)的(de)器物(wu)組(zu)合特點和紀年(nian)資料初步判(pan)斷，墓葬(zang)(zang)的(de)年(nian)代應(ying)屬西晉時期。1號(hao)墓完整地反映了當(dang)時的(de)葬(zang)(zang)制葬(zang)(zang)俗。同一墓葬(zang)(zang)埋葬(zang)(zang)3個未成年(nian)人，是(shi)考古發(fa)掘(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)極為罕(han)見(jian)的(de)現(xian)象。出土(tu)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)豐富而精(jing)美(mei)，為山東晉代墓葬(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)僅見(jian)。2號(hao)墓雖然被盜，但規模更大，墓室結構(gou)完整，與(yu)1號(hao)墓葬(zang)(zang)相距不遠(yuan)，時代相近。兩座墓葬(zang)(zang)規模較大、構(gou)筑方式(shi)考究、出土(tu)文物(wu)豐富精(jing)美(mei)，墓主應(ying)具有(you)較強的(de)經濟實力(li)或一定的(de)政(zheng)治勢(shi)力(li)，應(ying)與(yu)當(dang)時的(de)名門望(wang)族或達(da)官貴族有(you)一定關系(xi)。

對研究當時葬制葬俗有重要意義

臨沂洗硯(yan)池二號晉(jin)墓規模(mo)宏大

《光明(ming)日報(bao)》消息(xi)：本(ben)報(bao)6月6日報(bao)道(dao)(dao)的臨沂洗硯池晉(jin)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)挖掘，得到(dao)社(she)會的廣泛關注，經過考(kao)古工(gong)作者的努力，日前(qian)又發掘出(chu)二(er)(er)號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。一、二(er)(er)號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)文物近日在臨沂展出(chu)。 二(er)(er)號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東(dong)距一號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)36米(mi)(mi)(mi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)距現地表1米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，封土(tu)夯(hang)筑(zhu)。門(men)(men)南(nan)向，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)，上口(kou)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)5.56米(mi)(mi)(mi)、殘(can)深4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)、底(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)近處的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)上口(kou)有(you)(you)(you)一磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪平面遺跡。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構為磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券單室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，雙(shuang)層(ceng)券頂(ding)由(you)甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)和主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)部分(fen)構成，甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)垛。南(nan)北(bei)通長13米(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)4.42米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)長6.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)高(gao)2.78米(mi)(mi)(mi)，甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)長2.94米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)高(gao)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)，門(men)(men)垛南(nan)北(bei)長1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)均有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)框雙(shuang)扇(shan)石(shi)門(men)(men)，可自由(you)開(kai)合，石(shi)門(men)(men)西扇(shan)鑿有(you)(you)(you)條狀把手。石(shi)門(men)(men)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)一掖門(men)(men)，以平磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)封堵。甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)外砌封門(men)(men)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)地面鋪雙(shuang)層(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，亦(yi)呈弧面隆起。有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)處盜(dao)洞(dong)分(fen)別從甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)與(yu)東(dong)南(nan)角進入室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。 二(er)(er)號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)建筑(zhu)規模宏大，保存完整，是山東(dong)省漢晉(jin)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌單室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中所罕見(jian)。根據墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構與(yu)出(chu)土(tu)文物的特點等埋葬(zang)(zang)情況綜合分(fen)析，考(kao)古專家認為，該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)當為晉(jin)代夫妻(qi)合葬(zang)(zang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，與(yu)一號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)應(ying)屬(shu)同一家族，對于(yu)研究當時(shi)的葬(zang)(zang)制葬(zang)(zang)俗(su)有(you)(you)(you)著重(zhong)要意義。二(er)(er)號墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)因(yin)先后(hou)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)次(ci)被盜(dao)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)已被嚴重(zhong)擾(rao)亂(luan)，隨葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)(pin)所剩無(wu)幾(ji)。甬(yong)(yong)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)僅見(jian)一件(jian)(jian)陶(tao)燈，主(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)棺木(mu)殘(can)跡，周(zhou)圍散(san)落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)鐵棺釘(ding)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)成人骨骼分(fen)別散(san)落(luo)于(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)西部。隨葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)(pin)僅見(jian)青(qing)銅器(qi)虎(hu)子、殘(can)熨(yun)斗各(ge)1件(jian)(jian)，鐵器(qi)殘(can)鼎1件(jian)(jian)、鏡3件(jian)(jian)，青(qing)瓷燈、罐、碗殘(can)器(qi)各(ge)1件(jian)(jian)，串飾(shi)瑪瑙珠3枚、小(xiao)珍珠一宗，另有(you)(you)(you)棺飾(shi)小(xiao)金釘(ding)24枚及小(xiao)銀釘(ding)等。

洗硯池

洗(xi)硯池(chi)(chi)位于(yu)長葛(ge)老(lao)城鎮內福(fu)泉井之旁，池(chi)(chi)呈(cheng)(cheng)長方形，長80米，寬30米，水(shui)深(shen)１－３米。池(chi)(chi)水(shui)呈(cheng)(cheng)墨(mo)青(qing)色，久旱(han)不涸(he)，池(chi)(chi)邊有一高臺(tai)為(wei)鐘繇(zhou)(zhou)學(xue)(xue)書臺(tai)，池(chi)(chi)前立有1920年《重(zhong)修洗(xi)硯池(chi)(chi)碑(bei)記(ji)》碑(bei)，高0.91米，寬0.4米， 碑(bei)文(wen)記(ji)述了(le)鐘繇(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)書法(fa)成(cheng)就及其學(xue)(xue)字(zi)(zi)精神，對重(zhong)修后的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)硯池(chi)(chi)景觀也作了(le)描繪。據傳三國(guo)時期大(da)書法(fa)家鐘繇(zhou)(zhou)常邀胡昭字(zi)(zi)臺(tai)上練字(zi)(zi)，窮究(jiu)先(xian)師(shi)技(ji)法(fa)，久而久之寫(xie)禿的(de)(de)(de)(de)筆堆集(ji)如(ru)山，寫(xie)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙帛(bo)棄之成(cheng)垛(duo)。由于(yu)洗(xi)筆洗(xi)硯，把(ba)滿池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)都洗(xi)成(cheng)黑色了(le)。解(jie)放后，人民政府曾對此(ci)進(jin)行了(le)修復、保(bao)護。