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建造背景

華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)代(dai)封建(jian)帝王(wang)游(you)(you)幸的(de)別宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)(li)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而筑，規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)，建(jian)筑壯(zhuang)麗，樓(lou)臺館殿，遍布驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上下。唐(tang)詩(shi)人白(bai)居易(yi)(yi)《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)曰：“高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓(lou)紫殿三四重”。清(qing)(qing)人錢維喬《華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)道：“華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)足，玉殿千(qian)重相連屬”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景色(se)宜(yi)人，溫(wen)泉(quan)蕩邪去疾。傳說(shuo)遠(yuan)在三千(qian)年(nian)前的(de)西周時(shi)期，就已成(cheng)為(wei)周天子(zi)的(de)游(you)(you)幸之地。那時(shi)的(de)溫(wen)泉(quan)名(ming)(ming)“星辰(chen)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”。《三秦(qin)記》載：“始皇初(chu)，砌石起宇，名(ming)(ming)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)，漢武加修飾(shi)焉”。北周武帝天和四年(nian)（569），令大(da)(da)冢宰(zai)宇文(wen)護造皇湯(tang)(tang)(tang)石井。隋(sui)文(wen)帝開皇三年(nian)（583）列植松柏(bo)千(qian)株，修屋建(jian)宇。至唐(tang)代(dai)逐步(bu)形成(cheng)規模(mo)。唐(tang)太宗貞(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)十(shi)八年(nian)（644），詔左衛大(da)(da)將軍姜行本，將作(zuo)大(da)(da)匠(jiang)閻立(li)德建(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓(lou)閣，賜名(ming)(ming)“湯(tang)(tang)(tang)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元龜》載：“貞(zhen)觀(guan)(guan)二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)（648）正月戊戌，帝如溫(wen)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。癸卯(mao)，御制(zhi)碑以示群臣”。唐(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗咸亨(heng)二(er)年(nian)（671）改名(ming)(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)玄宗天寶六載（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置(zhi)百司區署，詔琯(guan)總經度(du)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，疏巖(yan)剔藪，為(wei)天子(zi)游(you)(you)覽”（《唐(tang)書·房琯(guan)傳》）。華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因在驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱(cheng)驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白(bai)居易(yi)(yi)《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)：“驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)兮入云”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)似錦若繡，一名(ming)(ming)繡嶺(ling)(ling)，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)，亦名(ming)(ming)繡嶺(ling)(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)代(dai)詩(shi)人崔涂(tu)、李商隱(yin)、崔道融詠華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以“繡嶺(ling)(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)名(ming)(ming)。

歷史變遷

華清宮(gong)(gong)始(shi)建于(yu)唐初，鼎盛于(yu)唐玄宗執政以(yi)后(hou)(hou)。唐玄宗悉心經(jing)營建起如此宏大的(de)離宮(gong)(gong)，他幾乎每年(nian)十(shi)月都要到(dao)此游幸。歲(sui)盡始(shi)還長安(an)(an)。故有(you)“十(shi)月一日天(tian)子來，青繩御路(lu)無(wu)塵埃”之名句。據清乾(qian)隆本《臨(lin)潼縣志》載：從開元二年(nian)（714）到(dao)天(tian)寶十(shi)四年(nian)（755）的(de)40年(nian)間，先(xian)后(hou)(hou)出游華清宮(gong)(gong)36次，有(you)時(shi)一年(nian)兩去(qu)，其微行間出無(wu)法計算。游幸規模甚大，“千乘萬(wan)旗被原野(ye)，云(yun)霞草木相輝光”。“八十(shi)一車千萬(wan)騎(qi)，朝有(you)宴飲(yin)暮有(you)賜”。等(deng)于(yu)把長安(an)(an)的(de)政府機關搬(ban)到(dao)驪山，竟(jing)然以(yi)華清宮(gong)(gong)為中心，形成了一個新的(de)城市。安(an)(an)史亂(luan)后(hou)(hou)，政局突變，唐玄宗終于(yu)從皇帝的(de)寶座上跌落了下來。華清宮(gong)(gong)的(de)游幸迅速(su)衰落，唐朝以(yi)后(hou)(hou)各(ge)代皇帝已(yi)很少出游華清宮(gong)(gong)。

后(hou)晉高祖天(tian)福年(nian)間(jian)，把(ba)破壞的華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)“改曰靈泉觀”，賜予道(dao)士。宋(song)時，“湯(tang)所(suo)館(guan)殿(dian)，鞠為茂草”，建筑物已十分(fen)破爛(lan)。宋(song)人只(zhi)能根據華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)的遺跡，“刊(kan)故宮(gong)圖(tu)于石”，讓(rang)后(hou)人知(zhi)道(dao)唐(tang)代(dai)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)的全盛(sheng)而已。至(zhi)元世祖中統二(er)年(nian)（1261）以前，有(you)趙志古等人，組織民(min)間(jian)力量，曾以15年(nian)的時間(jian)整(zheng)修華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)，曾建起三清(qing)殿(dian)等八座大殿(dian)，朝元、沖明二(er)閣和九龍、芙蓉等湯(tang)池(chi)(chi)（據乾隆本(ben)《臨(lin)潼縣志》）。以后(hou)又逐(zhu)漸(jian)蕭條(tiao)。清(qing)圣祖康熙四十二(er)年(nian)（1702）冬十一月西巡時也(ye)重修過華(hua)(hua)清(qing)池(chi)(chi)（原華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)），他(ta)曾“駐蹕溫(wen)泉”。民(min)國時期(qi)，也(ye)有(you)過幾次整(zheng)修，可是華(hua)(hua)清(qing)池(chi)(chi)及驪山所(suo)存古建，大約就是清(qing)初重建后(hou)所(suo)保(bao)留下(xia)的格局，到解放(fang)前已是湯(tang)池(chi)(chi)寥落(luo)，宮(gong)殿(dian)蕭疏(shu)，一片破敗(bai)景象(xiang)。

解放后人民(min)政府自1959年起進行了大規模(mo)的(de)擴建，辟(pi)湯池，修殿宇，建賓館，開花(hua)園，使古老(lao)的(de)華(hua)清宮煥發(fa)了青春，成為人民(min)群眾游(you)樂之處。

景區榮譽

2018年4月13日(ri)，2018中(zhong)國西北(bei)旅游(you)(you)營銷大會暨旅游(you)(you)裝備(bei)展上，入圍“神奇西北(bei)100景(jing)”排名第二。