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建造背景

華清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)代封建(jian)(jian)帝(di)王游(you)幸的別宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背(bei)山(shan)(shan)面(mian)渭，倚驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)勢而(er)筑(zhu)(zhu)，規模宏大，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)壯麗，樓臺(tai)館(guan)殿，遍(bian)布(bu)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)下。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人白居(ju)易《驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)曰：“高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)有宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓紫(zi)殿三(san)(san)四重”。清(qing)(qing)人錢維喬《華清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)道：“華清(qing)(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)足，玉(yu)殿千(qian)重相連(lian)屬”。驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)景(jing)色宜(yi)人，溫(wen)泉(quan)蕩邪去(qu)疾。傳(chuan)說遠在三(san)(san)千(qian)年(nian)前的西周時(shi)(shi)期，就已成為(wei)周天子的游(you)幸之地。那(nei)時(shi)(shi)的溫(wen)泉(quan)名(ming)“星辰湯(tang)(tang)”。《三(san)(san)秦記》載：“始皇(huang)初，砌石起(qi)宇，名(ming)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)湯(tang)(tang)，漢武加(jia)修飾焉”。北周武帝(di)天和四年(nian)（569），令(ling)大冢宰宇文(wen)護造皇(huang)湯(tang)(tang)石井。隋(sui)文(wen)帝(di)開(kai)皇(huang)三(san)(san)年(nian)（583）列植松(song)柏千(qian)株，修屋建(jian)(jian)宇。至唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)代逐步形成規模。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)太宗貞觀(guan)十(shi)八年(nian)（644），詔左衛大將(jiang)軍姜行本，將(jiang)作(zuo)大匠閻立德建(jian)(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓閣，賜(si)名(ming)“湯(tang)(tang)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元(yuan)龜(gui)》載：“貞觀(guan)二十(shi)二年(nian)（648）正(zheng)月戊(wu)戌(xu)，帝(di)如(ru)溫(wen)湯(tang)(tang)。癸卯，御制(zhi)碑(bei)以示群臣”。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗咸亨二年(nian)（671）改(gai)名(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗天寶(bao)六(liu)載（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置百司區署，詔琯總經度驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)，疏巖剔藪，為(wei)天子游(you)覽(lan)”（《唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)書·房(fang)琯傳(chuan)》）。華清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因在驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居(ju)易《驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)：“驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)兮入(ru)云”。驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)似錦若繡(xiu)(xiu)，一(yi)名(ming)繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)(shan)名(ming)，亦名(ming)繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)代詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人崔涂、李商隱、崔道融詠華清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以“繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)。

歷史變遷

華清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)始(shi)(shi)建于唐初(chu)，鼎盛于唐玄宗(zong)執政(zheng)(zheng)以后(hou)。唐玄宗(zong)悉(xi)心經營建起如此宏大的(de)(de)離宮(gong)(gong)，他(ta)幾乎每年十(shi)月都要到(dao)此游幸。歲盡始(shi)(shi)還長(chang)安(an)。故有(you)“十(shi)月一日天子來，青繩御路無塵(chen)埃”之(zhi)名句。據清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾隆本(ben)《臨(lin)潼縣(xian)志》載：從開元二年（714）到(dao)天寶(bao)十(shi)四(si)年（755）的(de)(de)40年間，先后(hou)出(chu)游華清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)36次，有(you)時一年兩去，其微行間出(chu)無法計(ji)算。游幸規模甚大，“千乘萬(wan)旗被(bei)原野，云霞草木相輝(hui)光”。“八十(shi)一車千萬(wan)騎，朝(chao)有(you)宴飲暮有(you)賜(si)”。等于把長(chang)安(an)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)機關(guan)搬到(dao)驪(li)山(shan)，竟然(ran)以華清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)為中心，形成了一個新的(de)(de)城(cheng)市。安(an)史亂后(hou)，政(zheng)(zheng)局突變，唐玄宗(zong)終于從皇帝的(de)(de)寶(bao)座上(shang)跌(die)落了下來。華清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)游幸迅速衰落，唐朝(chao)以后(hou)各代皇帝已很(hen)少出(chu)游華清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)。

后晉高(gao)祖天福年間(jian)，把(ba)破(po)壞的(de)(de)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)“改曰靈(ling)泉觀”，賜(si)予道士(shi)。宋時(shi)(shi)，“湯所(suo)館殿(dian)，鞠為(wei)茂草”，建(jian)筑物已(yi)(yi)十(shi)分破(po)爛。宋人只能根據華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)遺跡，“刊故宮(gong)(gong)圖于石”，讓后人知道唐(tang)代華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)全盛而已(yi)(yi)。至(zhi)元(yuan)世(shi)祖中統二年（1261）以前，有趙志古(gu)等(deng)(deng)人，組織民間(jian)力量(liang)，曾以15年的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)整修(xiu)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)，曾建(jian)起三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)等(deng)(deng)八座大殿(dian)，朝元(yuan)、沖(chong)明二閣和九龍、芙蓉等(deng)(deng)湯池(chi)（據乾隆本《臨潼(tong)縣志》）。以后又(you)逐漸蕭條。清(qing)(qing)圣祖康熙四十(shi)二年（1702）冬十(shi)一月(yue)西巡時(shi)(shi)也重修(xiu)過華(hua)清(qing)(qing)池(chi)（原華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)），他曾“駐蹕(bi)溫泉”。民國時(shi)(shi)期，也有過幾次整修(xiu)，可是(shi)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)池(chi)及驪(li)山所(suo)存古(gu)建(jian)，大約就是(shi)清(qing)(qing)初重建(jian)后所(suo)保(bao)留下的(de)(de)格局，到解(jie)放前已(yi)(yi)是(shi)湯池(chi)寥(liao)落(luo)，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)蕭疏，一片破(po)敗景(jing)象。

解(jie)放后人(ren)民(min)(min)政府自(zi)1959年(nian)起進行了(le)大規模的(de)擴建，辟湯(tang)池(chi)，修殿宇，建賓(bin)館，開花園(yuan)，使古(gu)老的(de)華清宮煥發了(le)青春(chun)，成為人(ren)民(min)(min)群(qun)眾游樂之處。

景區榮譽

2018年4月13日，2018中(zhong)國西北旅游營銷大會暨旅游裝備展上，入(ru)圍“神奇(qi)西北100景”排名(ming)第二。