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建造背景

華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)封建(jian)帝王游(you)幸的別宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)峰山(shan)勢而筑(zhu)，規(gui)模宏(hong)大(da)(da)，建(jian)筑(zhu)壯麗，樓臺(tai)館殿，遍(bian)布驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)上(shang)下(xia)。唐(tang)(tang)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)白居(ju)易(yi)《驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)曰：“高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)上(shang)有宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓紫殿三四(si)重”。清(qing)人(ren)錢維喬《華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)(shi)道(dao)：“華(hua)清(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)足，玉(yu)殿千重相連屬”。驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)景色宜人(ren)，溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)蕩邪(xie)去(qu)疾。傳說遠在三千年(nian)前的西(xi)周時期，就已成為(wei)周天(tian)子的游(you)幸之地。那(nei)時的溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)名(ming)(ming)“星(xing)辰湯(tang)”。《三秦記》載(zai)(zai)：“始皇初，砌石起宇(yu)，名(ming)(ming)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)湯(tang)，漢武加修飾焉(yan)”。北周武帝天(tian)和四(si)年(nian)（569），令(ling)大(da)(da)冢宰宇(yu)文(wen)護(hu)造(zao)皇湯(tang)石井(jing)。隋文(wen)帝開皇三年(nian)（583）列植松柏千株，修屋建(jian)宇(yu)。至唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)逐(zhu)步(bu)形成規(gui)模。唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)貞觀十八年(nian)（644），詔左衛(wei)大(da)(da)將軍姜行(xing)本，將作大(da)(da)匠閻立德建(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓閣(ge)，賜名(ming)(ming)“湯(tang)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元(yuan)龜》載(zai)(zai)：“貞觀二(er)十二(er)年(nian)（648）正(zheng)月戊戌，帝如溫(wen)湯(tang)。癸(gui)卯(mao)，御制碑以示群臣(chen)”。唐(tang)(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)咸亨(heng)二(er)年(nian)（671）改名(ming)(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)天(tian)寶六載(zai)(zai)（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)置百司區署，詔琯(guan)總(zong)經(jing)度驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)，疏(shu)巖剔(ti)藪，為(wei)天(tian)子游(you)覽”（《唐(tang)(tang)書·房琯(guan)傳》）。華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)因在驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱(cheng)驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居(ju)易(yi)《驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)：“驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)兮入云”。驪(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)似錦若繡，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)繡嶺，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)名(ming)(ming)，亦名(ming)(ming)繡嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)崔(cui)(cui)涂、李商隱、崔(cui)(cui)道(dao)融詠(yong)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以“繡嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)。

歷史變遷

華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)始建于(yu)唐初，鼎盛于(yu)唐玄宗執政以后(hou)。唐玄宗悉心經營建起如(ru)此(ci)宏大的(de)離宮(gong)，他幾乎(hu)每年十月都(dou)要到(dao)(dao)此(ci)游幸。歲盡始還長安(an)。故有“十月一日天子來(lai)，青(qing)繩御路無(wu)塵埃”之名句。據清乾隆本《臨(lin)潼縣志(zhi)》載：從開元(yuan)二(er)年（714）到(dao)(dao)天寶十四年（755）的(de)40年間，先(xian)后(hou)出游華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)36次，有時一年兩去，其微行間出無(wu)法計算。游幸規模(mo)甚大，“千乘萬(wan)旗被原野(ye)，云霞草木相輝光”。“八十一車千萬(wan)騎，朝(chao)有宴飲暮有賜(si)”。等于(yu)把長安(an)的(de)政府機關(guan)搬(ban)到(dao)(dao)驪山，竟然(ran)以華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)為中心，形成了(le)一個(ge)新的(de)城市。安(an)史(shi)亂后(hou)，政局突變，唐玄宗終于(yu)從皇帝(di)的(de)寶座(zuo)上跌落了(le)下來(lai)。華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)的(de)游幸迅速(su)衰落，唐朝(chao)以后(hou)各(ge)代皇帝(di)已很少出游華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)。

后晉高祖天(tian)福年間(jian)，把破(po)壞(huai)的(de)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)“改曰靈泉觀”，賜予道(dao)(dao)士(shi)。宋(song)時(shi)，“湯所館殿(dian)，鞠為茂(mao)草(cao)”，建(jian)筑物已(yi)十分破(po)爛(lan)。宋(song)人只能(neng)根據華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的(de)遺(yi)跡，“刊故(gu)宮(gong)圖于石”，讓(rang)后人知道(dao)(dao)唐代華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的(de)全盛而已(yi)。至元世(shi)祖中統二年（1261）以(yi)前，有趙志(zhi)古等人，組織(zhi)民間(jian)力量，曾以(yi)15年的(de)時(shi)間(jian)整(zheng)修(xiu)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)，曾建(jian)起三清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)等八座(zuo)大(da)(da)殿(dian)，朝元、沖明二閣和九龍(long)、芙(fu)蓉等湯池（據乾隆本《臨潼(tong)縣志(zhi)》）。以(yi)后又逐漸蕭條。清(qing)(qing)(qing)圣(sheng)祖康熙四十二年（1702）冬十一(yi)月西巡時(shi)也重修(xiu)過(guo)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)池（原華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)），他(ta)曾“駐蹕溫泉”。民國時(shi)期(qi)，也有過(guo)幾次(ci)整(zheng)修(xiu)，可(ke)是(shi)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)池及(ji)驪山所存古建(jian)，大(da)(da)約就是(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)初重建(jian)后所保(bao)留下的(de)格局，到解放前已(yi)是(shi)湯池寥(liao)落，宮(gong)殿(dian)蕭疏，一(yi)片(pian)破(po)敗(bai)景象。

解放后人民政府自(zi)1959年起(qi)進(jin)行了(le)大規模的擴建(jian)，辟湯池，修殿宇(yu)，建(jian)賓(bin)館，開花(hua)園，使古老的華(hua)清宮煥發(fa)了(le)青春，成為人民群眾游(you)樂(le)之處。

景區榮譽

2018年4月13日(ri)，2018中國西(xi)北旅游營(ying)銷大會暨旅游裝備展上，入圍(wei)“神(shen)奇西(xi)北100景”排名第二。