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建造背景

華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)封建(jian)帝(di)王游幸(xing)的(de)別(bie)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)(shan)(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而筑(zhu)，規(gui)模(mo)宏大，建(jian)筑(zhu)壯麗，樓臺(tai)館殿，遍(bian)布驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上下(xia)。唐(tang)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)白(bai)居(ju)易《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)曰：“高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓紫(zi)殿三四重”。清(qing)人(ren)錢(qian)維喬(qiao)《華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)(shi)道：“華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)足，玉(yu)殿千(qian)重相連屬”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景色宜(yi)人(ren)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉蕩邪去疾。傳說遠在(zai)三千(qian)年(nian)(nian)前的(de)西周時期，就已成為(wei)周天子的(de)游幸(xing)之地。那(nei)時的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉名(ming)(ming)(ming)“星辰湯(tang)”。《三秦記(ji)》載：“始皇(huang)初，砌石起宇(yu)，名(ming)(ming)(ming)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)湯(tang)，漢(han)武(wu)(wu)加修飾焉”。北周武(wu)(wu)帝(di)天和四年(nian)(nian)（569），令大冢宰(zai)宇(yu)文護造皇(huang)湯(tang)石井。隋文帝(di)開(kai)皇(huang)三年(nian)(nian)（583）列植松柏千(qian)株，修屋(wu)建(jian)宇(yu)。至唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)逐步(bu)形(xing)成規(gui)模(mo)。唐(tang)太宗(zong)貞觀十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)（644），詔左衛大將軍姜行本，將作大匠(jiang)閻立德建(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓閣，賜名(ming)(ming)(ming)“湯(tang)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元(yuan)龜》載：“貞觀二十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)（648）正(zheng)月戊戌(xu)，帝(di)如溫(wen)(wen)(wen)湯(tang)。癸卯，御制碑以(yi)示(shi)群臣”。唐(tang)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)咸亨二年(nian)(nian)（671）改(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)玄(xuan)宗(zong)天寶六載（747），更溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)所置(zhi)百司區署(shu)，詔琯(guan)總經度(du)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，疏巖剔藪，為(wei)天子游覽”（《唐(tang)書(shu)·房(fang)琯(guan)傳》）。華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)因在(zai)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦(yi)稱驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。白(bai)居(ju)易《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)》詩(shi)(shi)：“驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)(gao)兮入(ru)云”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)似錦若繡(xiu)，一名(ming)(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)嶺，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)崔涂、李(li)商(shang)隱、崔道融(rong)詠(yong)華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以(yi)“繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。

歷史變遷

華清(qing)宮(gong)始建于唐(tang)(tang)初，鼎盛于唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)(xuan)宗(zong)執政以(yi)后(hou)。唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)(xuan)宗(zong)悉心(xin)經營建起如(ru)此宏(hong)大的(de)(de)離宮(gong)，他幾乎每年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月(yue)都(dou)要到此游(you)(you)幸(xing)。歲(sui)盡始還長安。故(gu)有(you)(you)“十(shi)月(yue)一日天子來，青(qing)繩御路無塵埃(ai)”之(zhi)名句。據清(qing)乾隆本《臨潼縣志》載：從(cong)開元二(er)年(nian)(nian)（714）到天寶(bao)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)（755）的(de)(de)40年(nian)(nian)間，先(xian)后(hou)出(chu)游(you)(you)華清(qing)宮(gong)36次，有(you)(you)時一年(nian)(nian)兩去，其微行間出(chu)無法計算。游(you)(you)幸(xing)規模(mo)甚大，“千乘萬旗被(bei)原野(ye)，云霞草木相輝光”。“八十(shi)一車千萬騎(qi)，朝(chao)有(you)(you)宴飲暮有(you)(you)賜”。等于把長安的(de)(de)政府機關搬到驪山，竟然以(yi)華清(qing)宮(gong)為中(zhong)心(xin)，形成了一個新的(de)(de)城市(shi)。安史亂后(hou)，政局突(tu)變，唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)(xuan)宗(zong)終于從(cong)皇帝的(de)(de)寶(bao)座上跌落了下來。華清(qing)宮(gong)的(de)(de)游(you)(you)幸(xing)迅(xun)速衰落，唐(tang)(tang)朝(chao)以(yi)后(hou)各代(dai)皇帝已很少(shao)出(chu)游(you)(you)華清(qing)宮(gong)。

后晉(jin)高祖(zu)天福(fu)年(nian)間(jian)(jian)，把(ba)破(po)壞(huai)的華清(qing)宮(gong)“改曰靈(ling)泉觀”，賜(si)予道士。宋時(shi)(shi)，“湯(tang)所館殿，鞠為茂草”，建(jian)筑物已(yi)十分(fen)破(po)爛(lan)。宋人只(zhi)能根(gen)據(ju)華清(qing)宮(gong)的遺跡，“刊(kan)故(gu)宮(gong)圖于石”，讓(rang)后人知道唐代華清(qing)宮(gong)的全盛而已(yi)。至(zhi)元世(shi)祖(zu)中(zhong)統(tong)二年(nian)（1261）以前，有趙志(zhi)古等(deng)人，組織民(min)間(jian)(jian)力(li)量，曾(ceng)以15年(nian)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)整修(xiu)(xiu)華清(qing)宮(gong)，曾(ceng)建(jian)起三清(qing)殿等(deng)八(ba)座大殿，朝元、沖明(ming)二閣(ge)和九(jiu)龍、芙蓉等(deng)湯(tang)池(chi)（據(ju)乾隆本《臨潼縣志(zhi)》）。以后又逐漸蕭(xiao)條。清(qing)圣祖(zu)康(kang)熙四十二年(nian)（1702）冬十一(yi)月西(xi)巡(xun)時(shi)(shi)也重修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)華清(qing)池(chi)（原華清(qing)宮(gong)），他曾(ceng)“駐(zhu)蹕溫(wen)泉”。民(min)國時(shi)(shi)期，也有過(guo)幾次整修(xiu)(xiu)，可是華清(qing)池(chi)及(ji)驪山所存(cun)古建(jian)，大約就是清(qing)初(chu)重建(jian)后所保留下的格局，到解(jie)放(fang)前已(yi)是湯(tang)池(chi)寥(liao)落，宮(gong)殿蕭(xiao)疏，一(yi)片破(po)敗(bai)景象(xiang)。

解放(fang)后人民政府(fu)自(zi)1959年(nian)起進行(xing)了(le)(le)大規模的(de)擴建(jian)，辟湯池，修殿宇，建(jian)賓館，開花園，使古(gu)老的(de)華清宮(gong)煥發了(le)(le)青春，成為(wei)人民群眾游樂(le)之處。

景區榮譽

2018年4月13日(ri)，2018中國西北旅(lv)游營銷大會(hui)暨(ji)旅(lv)游裝(zhuang)備展上，入圍(wei)“神奇西北100景(jing)”排名第二。