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建造背景

華(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐(tang)代封建(jian)帝王(wang)游(you)幸的(de)別宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)(shan)(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而筑，規模宏大(da)，建(jian)筑壯麗，樓(lou)臺館(guan)殿(dian)，遍布驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上下(xia)。唐(tang)詩(shi)人(ren)白居易《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高》詩(shi)曰：“高高驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓(lou)紫殿(dian)三四(si)重”。清人(ren)錢維喬《華(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)道(dao)：“華(hua)清之(zhi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)足，玉殿(dian)千重相連屬(shu)”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景色宜人(ren)，溫(wen)泉(quan)蕩(dang)邪去疾。傳(chuan)(chuan)說遠(yuan)在三千年前的(de)西周時期，就已成為(wei)周天子(zi)的(de)游(you)幸之(zhi)地。那時的(de)溫(wen)泉(quan)名(ming)(ming)“星辰湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”。《三秦記》載(zai)(zai)：“始皇(huang)初，砌石起宇，名(ming)(ming)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)，漢武加修飾(shi)焉(yan)”。北周武帝天和四(si)年（569），令大(da)冢宰(zai)宇文(wen)護造皇(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)石井。隋文(wen)帝開皇(huang)三年（583）列(lie)植松柏千株，修屋建(jian)宇。至唐(tang)代逐步形成規模。唐(tang)太宗(zong)(zong)貞觀十八年（644），詔左衛大(da)將(jiang)軍姜行(xing)本，將(jiang)作大(da)匠閻立德建(jian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓(lou)閣，賜名(ming)(ming)“湯(tang)(tang)(tang)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元龜》載(zai)(zai)：“貞觀二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年（648）正月戊戌(xu)，帝如溫(wen)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。癸卯，御制碑以(yi)示群臣”。唐(tang)高宗(zong)(zong)咸亨(heng)二(er)(er)年（671）改名(ming)(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)玄宗(zong)(zong)天寶六載(zai)(zai)（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環(huan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置百司區署，詔琯總經(jing)度驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，疏巖(yan)剔藪，為(wei)天子(zi)游(you)覽”（《唐(tang)書·房琯傳(chuan)(chuan)》）。華(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因在驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又叫驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居易《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高》詩(shi)：“驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高兮入云”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)似(si)錦若繡(xiu)(xiu)，一名(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)，亦名(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐(tang)代詩(shi)人(ren)崔(cui)涂、李商隱(yin)、崔(cui)道(dao)融詠華(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以(yi)“繡(xiu)(xiu)嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)名(ming)(ming)。

歷史變遷

華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)始(shi)建于(yu)唐(tang)(tang)初，鼎(ding)盛(sheng)于(yu)唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)執(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)后。唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)悉心(xin)經營(ying)建起如此宏大的離宮(gong)，他幾乎每年(nian)十月(yue)(yue)都要到(dao)此游(you)(you)幸(xing)。歲盡始(shi)還長(chang)安(an)。故(gu)有“十月(yue)(yue)一(yi)日(ri)天子來(lai)，青繩御路無塵埃(ai)”之名句(ju)。據(ju)清(qing)乾隆(long)本(ben)《臨潼縣志》載：從(cong)開元(yuan)二年(nian)（714）到(dao)天寶十四年(nian)（755）的40年(nian)間，先后出(chu)游(you)(you)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)36次，有時一(yi)年(nian)兩去(qu)，其微行間出(chu)無法計算。游(you)(you)幸(xing)規(gui)模甚大，“千乘萬旗被原野，云霞(xia)草木(mu)相輝光”。“八十一(yi)車千萬騎，朝有宴飲暮有賜(si)”。等于(yu)把長(chang)安(an)的政(zheng)(zheng)府機關搬(ban)到(dao)驪山(shan)，竟然以(yi)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)為中心(xin)，形成了(le)一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的城市。安(an)史亂后，政(zheng)(zheng)局(ju)突變(bian)，唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)終于(yu)從(cong)皇(huang)帝的寶座上跌落了(le)下來(lai)。華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)的游(you)(you)幸(xing)迅速(su)衰落，唐(tang)(tang)朝以(yi)后各(ge)代皇(huang)帝已很(hen)少出(chu)游(you)(you)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)。

后(hou)晉高(gao)祖天福年間，把破壞的(de)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)“改曰靈(ling)泉觀(guan)”，賜予(yu)道士(shi)。宋時(shi)，“湯所(suo)館殿(dian)(dian)，鞠為茂草”，建(jian)筑物已十分破爛(lan)。宋人只能根據華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的(de)遺跡(ji)，“刊故(gu)宮(gong)圖(tu)于(yu)石”，讓后(hou)人知道唐代華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的(de)全盛而(er)已。至元世祖中統二(er)年（1261）以前，有趙志古等人，組織民(min)間力量，曾以15年的(de)時(shi)間整修華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)，曾建(jian)起三清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)等八座大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)，朝元、沖明(ming)二(er)閣和(he)九龍(long)、芙蓉(rong)等湯池(chi)(chi)（據乾(qian)隆本《臨(lin)潼縣志》）。以后(hou)又逐漸蕭條。清(qing)(qing)圣(sheng)祖康熙四十二(er)年（1702）冬十一(yi)月西巡時(shi)也(ye)重修過華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)池(chi)(chi)（原華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)），他曾“駐(zhu)蹕溫泉”。民(min)國(guo)時(shi)期，也(ye)有過幾(ji)次整修，可是(shi)華(hua)(hua)清(qing)(qing)池(chi)(chi)及驪山所(suo)存古建(jian)，大(da)(da)約就是(shi)清(qing)(qing)初(chu)重建(jian)后(hou)所(suo)保留下的(de)格(ge)局，到解放前已是(shi)湯池(chi)(chi)寥落，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)蕭疏，一(yi)片破敗景象。

解放后人(ren)民政(zheng)府自1959年起進行了大規(gui)模(mo)的擴建，辟湯池，修殿宇(yu)，建賓(bin)館，開花園，使古老的華清宮煥發了青(qing)春，成(cheng)為(wei)人(ren)民群眾游樂之處(chu)。

景區榮譽

2018年4月13日，2018中國西北(bei)旅(lv)游營銷大會(hui)暨旅(lv)游裝備展上，入圍“神奇西北(bei)100景”排名(ming)第二。