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建造背景

華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐代封建帝王游幸(xing)的別(bie)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面渭，倚驪(li)(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而筑(zhu)，規模宏大(da)(da)，建筑(zhu)壯(zhuang)麗，樓(lou)臺館殿(dian)，遍布(bu)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上下。唐詩(shi)人白居易《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)》詩(shi)曰：“高(gao)高(gao)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓(lou)紫(zi)殿(dian)三四(si)重”。清(qing)(qing)人錢維喬《華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩(shi)道：“華(hua)清(qing)(qing)之宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)足(zu)，玉殿(dian)千重相連屬”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景色宜人，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉蕩邪去疾。傳說遠(yuan)在三千年(nian)(nian)前的西(xi)周時期，就(jiu)已成(cheng)為(wei)周天子的游幸(xing)之地。那時的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉名“星辰湯(tang)”。《三秦記》載(zai)：“始皇初，砌石起宇(yu)，名驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湯(tang)，漢(han)武加修飾焉”。北周武帝天和四(si)年(nian)(nian)（569），令大(da)(da)冢(zhong)宰宇(yu)文護造皇湯(tang)石井。隋文帝開(kai)皇三年(nian)(nian)（583）列植松柏千株(zhu)，修屋建宇(yu)。至唐代逐步形成(cheng)規模。唐太宗(zong)貞觀十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)（644），詔左衛大(da)(da)將軍姜行本，將作大(da)(da)匠閻立德建宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)樓(lou)閣，賜名“湯(tang)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元龜》載(zai)：“貞觀二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)（648）正月戊戌，帝如溫(wen)(wen)(wen)湯(tang)。癸卯(mao)，御制(zhi)碑以示(shi)群臣”。唐高(gao)宗(zong)咸亨二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)（671）改名溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐玄宗(zong)天寶六(liu)載(zai)（747），更溫(wen)(wen)(wen)泉宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環(huan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置(zhi)百(bai)司區署，詔琯(guan)總經(jing)度驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，疏巖剔(ti)藪，為(wei)天子游覽”（《唐書(shu)·房琯(guan)傳》）。華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因在驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)叫驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦稱(cheng)驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居易《驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)》詩(shi)：“驪(li)(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)兮入(ru)云”。驪(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)似錦若繡，一(yi)名繡嶺(ling)，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名，亦名繡嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐代詩(shi)人崔(cui)涂、李商隱、崔(cui)道融詠華(hua)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以“繡嶺(ling)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為(wei)詩(shi)名。

歷史變遷

華清(qing)宮(gong)始建于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)初，鼎(ding)盛于(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗執政(zheng)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)。唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗悉心經營(ying)建起如(ru)此宏大的離宮(gong)，他幾乎(hu)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)十月都要到此游(you)幸(xing)(xing)。歲(sui)盡(jin)始還長安(an)(an)。故有“十月一日(ri)天子來，青繩御路無(wu)塵埃”之(zhi)名(ming)句。據清(qing)乾隆本《臨潼縣志》載：從開(kai)元二(er)年(nian)(nian)（714）到天寶(bao)十四年(nian)(nian)（755）的40年(nian)(nian)間，先(xian)后(hou)出游(you)華清(qing)宮(gong)36次(ci)，有時一年(nian)(nian)兩去，其微(wei)行(xing)間出無(wu)法計算(suan)。游(you)幸(xing)(xing)規模甚大，“千乘萬旗被原野，云霞(xia)草木相輝光”。“八十一車千萬騎，朝有宴飲暮(mu)有賜”。等于(yu)(yu)把長安(an)(an)的政(zheng)府機關搬到驪山(shan)，竟(jing)然以(yi)(yi)華清(qing)宮(gong)為中心，形成了一個新的城市。安(an)(an)史(shi)亂后(hou)，政(zheng)局(ju)突變，唐(tang)(tang)玄(xuan)宗終于(yu)(yu)從皇帝(di)的寶(bao)座上跌落了下來。華清(qing)宮(gong)的游(you)幸(xing)(xing)迅速衰落，唐(tang)(tang)朝以(yi)(yi)后(hou)各(ge)代皇帝(di)已很少出游(you)華清(qing)宮(gong)。

后(hou)(hou)(hou)晉高祖(zu)天福年(nian)(nian)間(jian)，把破壞(huai)的(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)“改曰(yue)靈泉(quan)觀”，賜(si)予道士。宋(song)時，“湯所館殿(dian)(dian)，鞠為茂(mao)草”，建(jian)筑物已十(shi)(shi)分破爛(lan)。宋(song)人只能根據華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)遺跡，“刊故宮(gong)(gong)圖于石”，讓后(hou)(hou)(hou)人知道唐代華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)全盛而已。至(zhi)元世祖(zu)中統二年(nian)(nian)（1261）以前(qian)，有趙志(zhi)古等(deng)人，組織民間(jian)力量，曾(ceng)以15年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)時間(jian)整修(xiu)華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)，曾(ceng)建(jian)起三清殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)八座(zuo)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)，朝元、沖明二閣和九(jiu)龍、芙蓉等(deng)湯池（據乾隆本《臨潼縣志(zhi)》）。以后(hou)(hou)(hou)又逐漸蕭條。清圣祖(zu)康(kang)熙四十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)（1702）冬十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)西巡(xun)時也(ye)(ye)重修(xiu)過華(hua)(hua)清池（原華(hua)(hua)清宮(gong)(gong)），他曾(ceng)“駐蹕溫泉(quan)”。民國(guo)時期，也(ye)(ye)有過幾(ji)次整修(xiu)，可是華(hua)(hua)清池及(ji)驪山所存(cun)古建(jian)，大(da)約(yue)就是清初重建(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)所保(bao)留下的(de)(de)格局(ju)，到解放前(qian)已是湯池寥落，宮(gong)(gong)殿(dian)(dian)蕭疏，一(yi)片破敗景象。

解放后人民政(zheng)府自(zi)1959年起進行了大(da)規模(mo)的擴建(jian)，辟湯池，修殿宇，建(jian)賓館，開花園，使古老的華清宮煥發了青春，成為人民群(qun)眾游樂(le)之處(chu)。

景區榮譽

2018年4月(yue)13日，2018中國西(xi)北旅(lv)游營銷大(da)會暨旅(lv)游裝備展上，入圍“神奇西(xi)北100景(jing)”排名第二。