概況
真武山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群位于四川省宜賓市市區內(nei)城西北的(de)(de)(de)真武山(shan)上,始建(jian)(jian)于明萬歷二年(nian)(1574年(nian)),至清中葉形(xing)成(cheng)以道教(jiao)宮(gong)觀(guan)為(wei)(wei)主,融道、釋、儒三教(jiao)文(wen)化為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體(ti)規模宏大的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。廟(miao)以明代的(de)(de)(de)玄祖殿為(wei)(wei)主,八座殿宇依山(shan)取(qu)勢(shi),造型(xing)別異。廟(miao)占地約3.3萬平方米,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積約4,000平方米。廟(miao)群以明代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)主,清代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu),集(ji)樓、殿、坊、廊(lang)、橋(qiao)池、洞、臺(tai)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)體(ti),是(shi)一(yi)組(zu)文(wen)化內(nei)涵(han)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)明、清建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)例。
1996年(nian),真武山古建筑(zhu)群由國(guo)務院公布為(wei)第四批(pi)全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位。
歷史及構成
真(zhen)(zhen)武山(shan)宋(song)名(ming)(ming)仙侶山(shan),明代已有真(zhen)(zhen)武山(shan)、師來(lai)山(shan)等名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)。明萬歷(li)元(yuan)年(nian)(1573)四川巡撫曾(ceng)省吾征討都掌人時(shi),托詞真(zhen)(zhen)武祖師助其師,乃在(zai)山(shan)上增建真(zhen)(zhen)武祠,后又(you)續建不少廟宇。且(qie)由山(shan)腳至(zhi)山(shan)頂修(xiu)建石(shi)級,仿(fang)泰(tai)山(shan)分(fen)立中石(shi)坊三座名(ming)(ming)門(men)天門(men)、二(er)天門(men)、三天門(men)。至(zhi)清代共(gong)有建筑(zhu)20余(yu)處,號稱(cheng)“川南道教名(ming)(ming)山(shan)”。今尚(shang)存古建筑(zhu)有地(di)姆宮(gong)、文昌宮(gong)等8處,占地(di)面積共(gong)3.33公頃。
古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)依山取勢,錯落有(you)勢;且屹(yi)立岷江岸畔,四周古(gu)木(mu)(mu)參天,詩情畫意,宛若(ruo)仙境。古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong),玄(xuan)祖(zu)殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬歷(li)二年(nian)(1574),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)156平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)前有(you)清(qing)建(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)石結構如意斗(dou)拱牌(pai)坊;祖(zu)師(shi)殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬歷(li)九年(nian)(1581),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)64平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)前架石橋曰"謁仙橋"。望不樓(lou)亦建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬歷(li)九年(nian),清(qing)乾隆五十六年(nian)(1791)培(pei)修,為(wei)抬梁(liang)式三(san)重(zhong)檐歇山頂(ding),第二層設樓(lou),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)200平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);無量殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai),清(qing)康(kang)熙十二年(nian)(1673)重(zhong)修,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約220平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)后為(wei)郁姑臺(tai),其(qi)上曾建(jian)(jian)有(you)遇仙樓(lou),今(jin)樓(lou)毀臺(tai)存;斗(dou)姆(mu)宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬歷(li)四十六年(nian)(1618),清(qing)代(dai)(dai)曾予培(pei)修,由前、中(zhong)、后三(san)殿(dian)構成(cheng),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)250平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);三(san)府宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)道光年(nian)間(1821~1850),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)638平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);文昌宮(gong)三(san)重(zhong)大殿(dian)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)隆慶初(1567),增修于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)代(dai)(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)876平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi);地姆(mu)宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)代(dai)(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)108平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。今(jin)真武山古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群已作為(wei)宜賓博物館館址(zhi)。