概況
真(zhen)武山古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群位于(yu)四(si)川省宜賓市(shi)市(shi)區內城西(xi)北(bei)的真(zhen)武山上,始建(jian)于(yu)明萬歷二年(nian)(1574年(nian)),至清中葉形成以(yi)道教(jiao)宮觀為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,融道、釋、儒三教(jiao)文化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一體規模宏大的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。廟以(yi)明代(dai)的玄(xuan)祖殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,八(ba)座殿(dian)(dian)宇依山取勢,造型別異(yi)。廟占地約3.3萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積約4,000平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。廟群以(yi)明代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,清代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,集(ji)樓、殿(dian)(dian)、坊、廊、橋池(chi)、洞、臺為(wei)(wei)(wei)一體,是一組文化(hua)內涵豐富的明、清建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)實例。
1996年,真(zhen)武山古建筑(zhu)群由國(guo)務院公布(bu)為第四(si)批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
歷史及構成
真武山(shan)宋名(ming)仙侶山(shan),明(ming)代已有(you)真武山(shan)、師(shi)來山(shan)等(deng)(deng)名(ming)稱。明(ming)萬歷元年(1573)四川巡(xun)撫(fu)曾(ceng)省吾征(zheng)討都掌人時,托詞(ci)真武祖師(shi)助其師(shi),乃在山(shan)上增建(jian)(jian)真武祠,后又(you)續建(jian)(jian)不少廟宇。且由山(shan)腳至(zhi)山(shan)頂修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)石級,仿泰山(shan)分立中石坊三(san)座名(ming)門天(tian)門、二(er)天(tian)門、三(san)天(tian)門。至(zhi)清代共有(you)建(jian)(jian)筑20余處(chu),號稱“川南道教(jiao)名(ming)山(shan)”。今(jin)尚(shang)存(cun)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑有(you)地(di)(di)姆(mu)宮(gong)、文昌(chang)宮(gong)等(deng)(deng)8處(chu),占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)共3.33公頃(qing)。
古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)依山取勢,錯(cuo)落有勢;且(qie)屹(yi)立(li)岷江岸畔(pan),四周古木參天,詩(shi)情畫意,宛若仙境(jing)。古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong),玄祖殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷二(er)年(nian)(1574),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)156平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)前(qian)有清(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)木石結(jie)構如意斗拱牌坊(fang);祖師殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷九年(nian)(1581),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)64平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)前(qian)架石橋曰"謁仙橋"。望(wang)不樓(lou)亦建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷九年(nian),清(qing)(qing)乾隆(long)五十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1791)培(pei)修,為(wei)抬梁式三重檐歇山頂,第二(er)層設樓(lou),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)200平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);無量殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)代(dai),清(qing)(qing)康熙十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(1673)重修,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約220平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),殿(dian)后(hou)為(wei)郁姑(gu)臺,其上曾建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有遇仙樓(lou),今(jin)樓(lou)毀臺存(cun);斗姆(mu)宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷四十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1618),清(qing)(qing)代(dai)曾予培(pei)修,由前(qian)、中(zhong)、后(hou)三殿(dian)構成,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)250平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);三府宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)道光(guang)年(nian)間(1821~1850),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)638平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);文昌宮三重大殿(dian)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)隆(long)慶初(1567),增修于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)代(dai),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)876平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi);地(di)姆(mu)宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)代(dai),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)108平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。今(jin)真武(wu)山古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群已作為(wei)宜賓博物館館址。