概況
真武(wu)山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)位于四川(chuan)省宜賓市市區內(nei)城西(xi)北(bei)的(de)(de)真武(wu)山(shan)(shan)上,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)歷二年(nian)(1574年(nian)),至清(qing)(qing)中葉形成以道(dao)教(jiao)宮(gong)觀為主,融(rong)道(dao)、釋、儒三教(jiao)文化(hua)為一體規模宏(hong)大的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)。廟以明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)玄祖(zu)殿為主,八座殿宇依山(shan)(shan)取勢,造(zao)型別異(yi)。廟占(zhan)地約3.3萬(wan)平方米(mi),建(jian)(jian)筑面積約4,000平方米(mi)。廟群(qun)以明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑為主,清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑為輔,集樓、殿、坊、廊(lang)、橋池、洞、臺(tai)為一體,是一組文化(hua)內(nei)涵(han)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)筑實(shi)例。
1996年(nian),真武山古(gu)建(jian)筑群由(you)國(guo)務院(yuan)公(gong)布(bu)為第四批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。
歷史及構成
真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宋名(ming)(ming)仙侶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),明(ming)代已有(you)真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、師(shi)來(lai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)名(ming)(ming)稱。明(ming)萬(wan)歷元年(1573)四川(chuan)巡撫曾省吾征(zheng)討都掌人時(shi),托詞真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)祖師(shi)助其師(shi),乃在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上增建(jian)真(zhen)武(wu)(wu)祠(ci),后又續建(jian)不少廟宇(yu)。且(qie)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂修建(jian)石(shi)級,仿泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分立中石(shi)坊三座(zuo)名(ming)(ming)門天(tian)門、二天(tian)門、三天(tian)門。至清代共有(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)20余處,號稱“川(chuan)南道教名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。今尚存古建(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)地姆宮、文(wen)昌宮等(deng)8處,占地面積共3.33公頃。
古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)依山(shan)取勢,錯落有(you)勢;且屹立岷(min)江岸畔,四周古(gu)(gu)(gu)木(mu)參天,詩(shi)情畫意,宛若仙(xian)境。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中,玄祖(zu)殿建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)二(er)年(1574),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)156平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),殿前有(you)清(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)木(mu)石(shi)結(jie)構如意斗(dou)(dou)拱牌坊;祖(zu)師殿建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)九(jiu)年(1581),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)64平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),殿前架(jia)石(shi)橋(qiao)曰"謁仙(xian)橋(qiao)"。望不樓(lou)(lou)亦建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)九(jiu)年,清(qing)(qing)乾隆五十六年(1791)培修,為抬梁式三(san)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂,第二(er)層設樓(lou)(lou),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)200平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi);無量殿建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai),清(qing)(qing)康熙十二(er)年(1673)重(zhong)修,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)約220平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),殿后(hou)(hou)為郁姑臺,其上曾(ceng)建(jian)(jian)有(you)遇仙(xian)樓(lou)(lou),今樓(lou)(lou)毀臺存;斗(dou)(dou)姆宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)歷(li)四十六年(1618),清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)曾(ceng)予培修,由前、中、后(hou)(hou)三(san)殿構成,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)250平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi);三(san)府宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)道(dao)光(guang)年間(1821~1850),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)638平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi);文昌宮(gong)三(san)重(zhong)大(da)殿始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)隆慶(qing)初(1567),增修于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)876平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi);地姆宮(gong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)108平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。今真(zhen)武山(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群已作為宜賓(bin)博物(wu)館館址。