千(qian)像寺位于薊(ji)縣盤山東(dong)麓(lu)白(bai)水(shui)峪之南 ,是(shi)唐遼時期盤山著(zhu)名寺廟之一(yi),今圯為遺址 。
現僅存遺(yi)址、遼代(dai)(dai)統和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(公元987年(nian)(nian))創(chuang)建千像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)講(jiang)堂(tang)碑(bei)和(he)相關(guan)的石刻(ke)(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)。千像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)石刻(ke)(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)分布在(zai)遺(yi)址周圍(wei)0.4平方(fang)公里范圍(wei)內,因千像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)而(er)得名,目前已在(zai)124處巨石和(he)崖壁上發現線刻(ke)(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)535尊,是迄今發現規模較大的遼代(dai)(dai)石刻(ke)(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)。初步判斷,造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)為遼代(dai)(dai)民間佛教(jiao)信眾鐫刻(ke)(ke),反(fan)映了佛教(jiao)密(mi)宗的精神(shen)內蘊(yun)。石刻(ke)(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)還包括與之相關(guan)的遼統和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(987年(nian)(nian))盤山祐唐千像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)創(chuang)建講(jiang)堂(tang)碑(bei) 、遼天慶八年(nian)(nian)(1118年(nian)(nian))經幢,以及(ji)寺(si)(si)后洞窟內明代(dai)(dai)浮雕菩(pu)薩和(he)清高宗(乾(qian)隆帝)題詩石刻(ke)(ke)等(deng)附屬文物(wu)。
根據寺(si)(si)內現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遼(liao)統(tong)和五(wu)年(nian)(987年(nian))《盤山佑唐寺(si)(si)創建講(jiang)堂碑銘并序(xu)》記載:“自昔(xi)相(xiang)傳(chuan),有(you)尊者挈杖遠至,求植足之(zhi)(zhi)所。僧室東北隅,巖下(xia)有(you)澄泉,恍(huang)惚之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),見千(qian)(qian)僧澤缽,瞬(shun)息而(er)泯,因茲(zi)構精舍(she)宴坐矣。厥后于(yu)溪(xi)谷澗石之(zhi)(zhi)面(mian),刻千(qian)(qian)佛之(zhi)(zhi)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),而(er)以顯其殊圣(sheng)也。雖雨(yu)漬(zi)苔斑,睠(juan)儀相(xiang)而(er)猶在。”也就是(shi)(shi)說在薊州(zhou)軍事判(pan)官李(li)仲宣(xuan)撰寫此碑文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,千(qian)(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)早已經存在了(le)。耶律(lv)德光于(yu)會同元(yuan)年(nian)(938年(nian))割取千(qian)(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)所在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燕云十六州(zhou),同時(shi)(shi)改契丹國(guo)為大遼(liao)。此時(shi)(shi)下(xia)距(ju)統(tong)和五(wu)年(nian)也就四十九年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),若千(qian)(qian)佛之(zhi)(zhi)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)真是(shi)(shi)在會同元(yuan)年(nian)以后開鑿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),那么李(li)仲宣(xuan)以及燕京(jing)憫忠寺(si)(si)前左(zuo)街僧錄判(pan)官法信(xin)大師德麟撰寫碑文時(shi)(shi)他們應該(gai)是(shi)(shi)知道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),且碑文里(li)卻只提到(dao)(dao)“自昔(xi)相(xiang)傳(chuan)”,故(gu)千(qian)(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石刻于(yu)遼(liao)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法值得商(shang)榷(que)。從(cong)(cong)千(qian)(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)現(xian)存造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格來看,這(zhe)些(xie)佛造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)呈現(xian)高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寫實風(feng)格,五(wu)官端正,體(ti)型(xing)較(jiao)豐滿,螺發跟(gen)(gen)肉髻之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)髻珠,是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)代(dai)、宋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)格。從(cong)(cong)朋(peng)友那得知千(qian)(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)(si)造像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后,便約好時(shi)(shi)間(jian)與朋(peng)友還有(you)從(cong)(cong)安(an)陽趕來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楊(yang)(yang)師傅(fu)一(yi)起去實地查(cha)看并做了(le)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)拓,作(zuo)為資料保(bao)存。由于(yu)千(qian)(qian)百年(nian)來雨(yu)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖刷,加之(zhi)(zhi)石質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)砂(sha)石,這(zhe)些(xie)線刻佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)化剝(bo)落嚴(yan)重。由于(yu)那天刮風(feng),從(cong)(cong)日(ri)中到(dao)(dao)日(ri)暮,跟(gen)(gen)楊(yang)(yang)師傅(fu)全力配合才勉強拓了(le)兩(liang)張,甚是(shi)(shi)狼狽。晚(wan)上回(hui)京(jing),借著朋(peng)友拿來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)門高粱酒與楊(yang)(yang)師傅(fu)在湘(xiang)腸香(xiang)痛飲了(le)一(yi)番,在安(an)陽尋找(zhao)金(jin)石平日(ri)里(li)多得楊(yang)(yang)師傅(fu)相(xiang)助,提供了(le)諸多便利。
關于千像寺造(zao)像,如此大范圍集中(zhong)的(de)(de)這(zhe)么多的(de)(de)摩崖(ya)線刻(ke)(ke)佛像,在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內(nei)是(shi)少見的(de)(de),其造(zao)像應該有很重要(yao)的(de)(de)研究價(jia)值。只(zhi)是(shi)到目前為止(zhi),這(zhe)些造(zao)像仍(reng)舊還是(shi)曝(pu)露(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)野(ye)外。尋訪(fang)回(hui)來將拓片拿(na)于黃老師看(kan),正巧敦(dun)煌研究院的(de)(de)一(yi)位老師也(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai),他們提(ti)到用(yong)樹脂之類的(de)(de)東西涂抹在(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)頭表面,將線刻(ke)(ke)佛像與空氣(qi)隔離,以(yi)起到保護(hu)作用(yong),不知(zhi)道薊縣相關的(de)(de)文(wen)保部門是(shi)否會(hui)采取很好(hao)的(de)(de)保護(hu)措(cuo)施,但愿這(zhe)些珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)佛像不要(yao)再(zai)陷(xian)入被發現,然(ran)后火一(yi)陣子(zi)最后再(zai)被忘卻的(de)(de)境地(di)。
附:《盤山佑唐寺(si)創建(jian)講堂碑(bei)銘并序》
薊州(zhou)軍事判官文(wen)林郎試(shi)秘書(shu)省校書(shu)郎李(li)仲宣撰
燕京憫(min)忠寺前左街僧錄判官法信大師賜紫沙門德麟書
夫(fu)幽燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分,列郡有(you)四,薊門為上(shang)。地方千(qian)里(li),籍冠百城(cheng)。紅稻香粳,實魚鹽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沃壤;襟河控岳,當旌戟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奧區(qu)。于古堞(die)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,西(xi)北(bei)(bei)一舍,有(you)盤山者(zhe)(zhe),乃箕尾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巨(ju)鎮也。深維地紉,高辟天門。暖碧(bi)凝霄,寒青壓(ya)海。珠樓璇(xuan)室(shi)(shi),抑窅窱于昆丘;寶洞瓊臺,耀磅礴于衡岳。崆峒左(zuo)倚,泰行右連,懷(huai)珠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水派其陽,削玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峰峭其后。嶺上(shang)時興(xing)于瑞霧,谷中虛老于喬松。奇(qi)樹珍禽,異花靈草。絕頂(ding)有(you)龍池焉,向旱歲而(er)(er)(er)(er)能興(xing)雷雨(yu);巖(yan)(yan)下有(you)潮井焉,依旦暮而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)虧盈縮。于名(ming)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,最處其嘉(jia)。此境舊有(you)五寺,祐唐者(zhe)(zhe)乃備其一。自昔相傳,有(you)尊者(zhe)(zhe)挈杖遠至,求(qiu)植(zhi)足之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所。僧室(shi)(shi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)隅,巖(yan)(yan)下有(you)澄泉,恍(huang)惚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),見千(qian)僧澤缽,瞬(shun)息而(er)(er)(er)(er)泯,因茲構精舍宴坐矣。厥后于溪谷澗(jian)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面,刻(ke)千(qian)佛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像,而(er)(er)(er)(er)以顯其殊(shu)圣也。雖雨(yu)漬苔(tai)斑,睠(juan)儀(yi)相而(er)(er)(er)(er)猶在(zai);陽舒陰(yin)慘,流(liu)善譽(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)隳。向此藍(lan)垣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei),長松之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,有(you)大石(shi)焉,重萬(wan)余(yu)鈞(jun),或遇(yu)信敬者(zhe)(zhe),微觸而(er)(er)(er)(er)動(dong)。迄(qi)今游(you)閱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,冠蓋相望,四序不(bu)絕于阡陌(mo)也。當昔全盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,砌疊龍蟠(pan),檐排(pai)鳳(feng)翅。晨鐘暮磬,上(shang)聞兜率。神宗律學,宛是祇陁。駢(pian)闐(tian)可(ke)類于清涼,赫奕遙同于白馬(ma),乃法侶輻湊(cou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)也。爰自大兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,并已燼滅繇(zhou)謂物不(bu)可(ke)以久廢,故亨利于德人(ren)。
德(de)人(ren)(ren)者即寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de),乃(nai)當寺(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景派也(ye)(ye)。厥本惟(wei)(wei)裔,其神不測,苦隨念盡,樂(le)(le)與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)同。化(hua)六(liu)趣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忙然,歸(gui)十方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安隱(yin)。享(xiang)年(nian)臘末晚,昌行業(ye)彌高(gao),既多有(you)(you)緒(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聞(wen),宜(yi)示無(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)績。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de),俗姓(xing)瑯琊(ya)氏,釋(shi)諱(hui)希悟,鎮陽(yang)夏(xia)博(bo)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。爰自(zi)聚(ju)沙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歲,禮當寺(si)(si)(si)(si)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)在楚(chu)禪(chan)師(shi),授法焉。剿除五蓋,慕別四(si)(si)生(sheng)。舍欲棹而(er)誓泛慈(ci)舟(zhou),棄(qi)毒藥而(er)愿食(shi)甘果(guo)。年(nian)二(er)十,詣東(dong)五臺山(shan)長(chang)興寺(si)(si)(si)(si),具(ju)尸羅,由(you)啟弘愿,筵僧(seng)一(yi)十萬,次(ci)第竟矣。于(yu)是(shi)謂其己友曰:“聞(wen)二(er)儀舒(shu)慘,四(si)(si)序推遷,人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)幾何,歲不我(wo)與(yu)(yu)。覽斯基(ji)址,孰忍(ren)凄涼。野鹿群麋,晝夜而(er)草眠香徑,壞碑毀(hui)塔(ta),高(gao)低而(er)蔓(man)掛(gua)藤蘿。玉毫消盡于(yu)華鬘,金磬罷聞(wen)于(yu)齋懺。上漏(lou)下濕,日(ri)就月將。徐興再造之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),爰起從新(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務。”于(yu)是(shi)乎(hu),手(shou)披榛棘,力(li)用(yong)經菅,移怪石(shi)(shi)而(er)截斷云根(gen),伐灌木(mu)(mu)而(er)墔折煙色。應歷十二(er)年(nian),化(hua)求財贐,蓋佛(fo)殿一(yi)座(zuo)。櫟櫨娟妙,丹(dan)艧新(xin)鮮。塑佛(fo)中央,圖像四(si)(si)壁。保(bao)寧四(si)(si)年(nian),又建櫥庫(ku)僧(seng)堂二(er)座(zuo),俾(bi)爨羞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)也(ye)(ye),賓旅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)歸(gui)也(ye)(ye)。乾亨二(er)年(nian),加(jia)授紫衣載(zai)議,門迎廣陌,地處幽涼,虞生(sheng)肇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒見臨(lin),顧講贊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)交(jiao)闕(que),乃(nai)于(yu)僧(seng)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰,疊磷磷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi),澮瑟瑟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泉。高(gao)廣數尋(xun),駢羅萬樹,薙(ti)除沙礫,俯就基(ji)坰。而(er)又請邑人(ren)(ren)醵緡賂,四(si)(si)遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)樂(le)(le)施(shi)者,如介甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸(gui)巨浸也(ye)(ye)。即乃(nai)市木(mu)(mu)靈嶠(jiao),采石(shi)(shi)煙巖,窮巾斧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),極磨礱(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙,初心(xin)(xin)才啟,大(da)廈(sha)攸成。式導(dao)昏(hun)衢,彌光世德(de)。其堂也(ye)(ye),保(bao)寧十年(nian)創建,帶云川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渺渺,總遠岫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峩峩。東(dong)觀種(zhong)玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田,西掞筑金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闕(que)。蘭楹鏤彩,桂柱(zhu)凝丹(dan),月入秋窗,風含(han)夏(xia)戶。檐外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杉松郁郁,檻前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煙水(shui)潺湲(yuan)、所(suo)(suo)貴安苾蒭(chu)僧(seng),置狻猊座(zuo),高(gao)談玉偈,然慧炬而(er)絕煩惱薪;妙演(yan)金文,揮智刃而(er)剖無(wu)明(ming)(ming)殼。長(chang)依佛(fo)住(zhu),永壓山(shan)門。對延靈鷲(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峰,闡說瑜(yu)伽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。此皆邑人(ren)(ren)等心(xin)(xin)猶慕善(shan),志(zhi)乃(nai)忘筌(quan)。知浮生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)火以難停,覺幻質風煙而(er)易滅。各(ge)抽浄(jing)施(shi),共構良因,即寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)希悟大(da)德(de)激勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)致也(ye)(ye),緣惠(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)被也(ye)(ye)。厥外,井有(you)(you)甘泉,地多腴壤,閑栽珍果(guo),棋(qi)布蔬畦。清風起兮綠(lv)干香,細雨霽兮紅(hong)葵茂。載(zai)諒鴻基(ji)必葺,白(bai)足(zu)咸(xian)來(lai),其供給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費,恒不闕(que)于(yu)祇贍(shan)者,大(da)德(de)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)力(li)辦也(ye)(ye)。蓋惟(wei)(wei)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de),道洽空有(you)(you),識(shi)洞(dong)幽明(ming)(ming)。全資(zi)化(hua)導(dao)于(yu)多方,以至圓(yuan)成於能事。所(suo)(suo)冀(ji)皇朝永安神器(qi)矣,相國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)調鼎鼐矣,京尹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁無(wu)秕稗矣,郡(jun)牧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)及(ji)竹童矣。一(yi)切(qie)含(han)靈,同沾利樂(le)(le);一(yi)切(qie)惑(huo)溺,并向真如。則(ze)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)主(zhu)希悟慈(ci)悲(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)口(kou)口(kou)也(ye)(ye),修(xiu)持之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行根(gen)本也(ye)(ye)。拒(ju)藏舟(zhou)不永,深谷(gu)翻高(gao);爰述懿徽,俾(bi)雕翠琰。其邑人(ren)(ren)姓(xing)號,具(ju)列(lie)碑陰。
仲宣靡職之(zhi)(zhi)歲,華構方成,命修辭以敘之(zhi)(zhi)。敘之(zhi)(zhi)伊何?即為銘而(er)記(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)曰:峭(qiao)壯靈峰,創興華宇。式開講肆,用(yong)陳法侶。物(wu)置多人,利圓三寶。庶幾(ji)乎(hu)!作(zuo)善之(zhi)(zhi)祥,傳名曠古。
統和(he)五年歲(sui)次(ci)丁亥四月(yue)癸巳朔八日丙時建。 攝(she)始(shi)平(ping)軍節度推官潘延素刻字(zi),同(tong)刻字(zi)人李緒。