簡介
關于黃(huang)帝(di)(di)問(wen)道(dao)之(zhi)所(suo)的崆(kong)(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan),究(jiu)竟在(zai)什(shen)么地方?自(zi)古(gu)以(yi)來(lai),眾說紛紜.史(shi)(shi)學界一般以(yi)司(si)馬(ma)遷<史(shi)(shi)記(ji)>中(zhong)的寥寥數語(西至(zhi)于空桐,登雞頭(tou))作為(wei)定論(lun),認為(wei)甘肅(su)(su)平涼的崆(kong)(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)問(wen)道(dao)之(zhi)所(suo).其實,漢朝距黃(huang)帝(di)(di)時代已有(you)三、四(si)千年(nian).司(si)馬(ma)遷為(wei)考證有(you)關黃(huang)帝(di)(di)的神(shen)話傳說,雖然(ran)西到甘肅(su)(su)、北過涿鹿、東(dong)到海濱(bin),南渡江淮(huai),踏尋了黃(huang)帝(di)(di)諸多足跡,寫了<史(shi)(shi)記(ji)·五帝(di)(di)本紀(ji)>.但是(shi),受當(dang)時各(ge)方面條件的限制,他沒(mei)有(you)到過燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)腹(fu)地,沒(mei)有(you)找到軒轅黃(huang)帝(di)(di)的"根".當(dang)然(ran),他不可能對全國(guo)地理進(jin)行全部踏查,因此(ci)也就(jiu)(jiu)不知道(dao)其他地方也有(you)崆(kong)(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan).據我所(suo)知,全國(guo)各(ge)地有(you)崆(kong)(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)八、九處(chu)之(zhi)多.其中(zhong),甘肅(su)(su)3處(chu),河南2處(chu),四(si)川(chuan)、江西、寧夏、天津薊(ji)縣各(ge)1處(chu).近年(nian)來(lai),經過筆者查閱(yue)大量史(shi)(shi)料和所(suo)作的一些考察,認為(wei)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)問(wen)道(dao)廣成(cheng)子的崆(kong)(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)薊(ji)縣城北的府君山(shan)(shan)(shan)。
地址
薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)的府君(jun)山(shan)坐(zuo)落于縣(xian)(xian)城北,明(ming)代以前叫崆(kong)(kong)峒山(shan).山(shan)中多洞(dong),其中穿云洞(dong)、山(shan)頂洞(dong)、白大洞(dong)等較為(wei)有(you)名(ming).崆(kong)(kong)峒積雪,為(wei)古代漁陽八景之一.明(ming)嘉靖,清康熙、道(dao)光,民國時期的<薊(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)>和<欽定(ding)(ding)盤山(shan)志(zhi)(zhi)>等,對此山(shan)都(dou)有(you)著述(shu),并都(dou)有(you)黃(huang)帝(di)登此山(shan)問道(dao)廣(guang)成子(zi)的記載.<名(ming)勝志(zhi)(zhi)>、<太平寰宇(yu)記>、<光緒順天府志(zhi)(zhi)>、<天府廣(guang)記>、<畿輔通志(zhi)(zhi)>、<日(ri)下舊聞考(kao)>等志(zhi)(zhi)書也大都(dou)肯(ken)定(ding)(ding)了<薊(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)>關于黃(huang)帝(di)問道(dao)崆(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(府君(jun)山(shan))的說法.清代道(dao)光年間<薊(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)>里(li)附有(you)一幅<崆(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)圖>,清晰(xi)地標明(ming)了廣(guang)成子(zi)殿(dian)的位置.明(ming)代以后,山(shan)上建有(you)崔府君(jun)廟(miao),故改稱(cheng)為(wei)府君(jun)山(shan),沿用至(zhi)今。
<山海經>記(ji)載
山(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)第一(yi)(yi)部(bu)描述山(shan)(shan)(shan)川、物(wu)產、風俗(su)、民情的(de)(de)大(da)型地理(li)著(zhu)作(zuo),又是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代第一(yi)(yi)部(bu)神話(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)的(de)(de)大(da)匯(hui)編.它(ta)記述了黃(huang)帝至(zhi)夏商周(zhou)先祖們在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)活動的(de)(de)情況(kuang).清(qing)代畢沅在(zai)校(xiao)<山(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)>序中(zhong)說(shuo):"<山(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)>作(zuo)于(yu)禹、益,述于(yu)周(zhou)秦,其學行(xing)于(yu)漢,明(ming)(ming)于(yu)晉(jin)."屈(qu)原在(zai)<楚(chu)辭(ci)·九歌·云中(zhong)君(jun)>說(shuo):"覽冀(ji)州兮(xi)(xi)有余,橫四海兮(xi)(xi)焉(yan)窮?""君(jun)"就是(shi)(shi)(shi)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)帝.這(zhe)句話(hua)的(de)(de)意思是(shi)(shi)(shi):為(wei)(wei)(wei)什么軒(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)帝特別(bie)(bie)關照冀(ji)州?冀(ji)州,自古(gu)(gu)即(ji)(ji)指燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai),為(wei)(wei)(wei)九州之首.明(ming)(ming)代史學家孫承澤說(shuo):"黃(huang)帝都冀(ji)".明(ming)(ming)代大(da)學問(wen)家顧(gu)炎武在(zai)<日知錄>中(zhong)說(shuo):"古(gu)(gu)之天子常居(ju)冀(ji)州,后人(ren)因(yin)以冀(ji)州為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)之號."黃(huang)帝都城在(zai)冀(ji)州,因(yin)此特別(bie)(bie)關照冀(ji)州、經(jing)常在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)活動,是(shi)(shi)(shi)情理(li)之中(zhong)的(de)(de)事.據<禮(li)記·樂記>記載(zai):周(zhou)武王伐紂成功,未及下(xia)車,立即(ji)(ji)封黃(huang)帝之后于(yu)薊(ji)(ji)(當時的(de)(de)"薊(ji)(ji)"指北(bei)京地區;清(qing)華(hua)大(da)學任重遠教授認為(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)河(he)北(bei)玉田(tian)縣(xian)),表明(ming)(ming)至(zhi)西周(zhou)時期,燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)仍是(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)帝后裔活動地帶(dai)(dai).原中(zhong)國(guo)考古(gu)(gu)協會理(li)事長、著(zhu)名考古(gu)(gu)學家蘇秉琦認為(wei)(wei)(wei)"軒(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)很有道(dao)理(li)."他在(zai)<華(hua)人(ren)·龍的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)人(ren)·中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)———考古(gu)(gu)尋根記>(1994.4遼寧大(da)學出版(ban)社出版(ban))中(zhong)說(shuo):""五帝"(黃(huang)帝、顓頊、帝嚳、堯、舜)前(qian)期活動中(zhong)心是(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南北(bei)."薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)地處燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腹地,理(li)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)帝經(jing)常往來巡(xun)幸之地。
清華(hua)大(da)學考證研究
認為(wei)燕山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)是(shi)黃(huang)帝(di)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)心,并著(zhu)作(zuo)了(le)<遷安黃(huang)帝(di)古(gu)都>一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(香港利華(hua)出版社2002年出版).該(gai)(gai)書對(dui)甲(jia)骨文(wen)(wen)<小(xiao)屯·乙(yi)編(bian)·7171正(zheng)片>進(jin)行了(le)破譯,該(gai)(gai)片記(ji)載了(le)"黃(huang)帝(di)在(zai)幽州無(wu)終山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)習武練斧(fu)"的(de)史實(shi)(shi).由此,黃(huang)帝(di)經常在(zai)薊(ji)縣一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)活(huo)(huo)動(dong),得到了(le)證(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)(shi).任(ren)重遠(yuan)教授還(huan)(huan)對(dui)郭沫(mo)若編(bian)纂(zuan)的(de)<卜辭通纂(zuan)·天象·第四三(san)一(yi)(yi)(yi)片>進(jin)行了(le)重新詮釋.此片明確寫道(dao)(dao)"黃(huang)帝(di)在(zai)無(wu)終山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)的(de)空同山(shan)(shan)上(shang)問(wen)道(dao)(dao)于廣成子(zi)(zi)".同時,此片還(huan)(huan)記(ji)載"商代(dai)(dai)之王(wang),在(zai)北京平谷南10里氣(qi)鼓山(shan)(shan)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次冒出氣(qi)后第十一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(甲(jia)日),在(zai)黃(huang)帝(di)問(wen)道(dao)(dao)廣成子(zi)(zi)之處(薊(ji)縣崆(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)),用"帝(di)牛(洗滌(di)三(san)個月的(de)牛)"祭祀"甲(jia)"名(ming)為(wei)首的(de)十位先祖."商代(dai)(dai),距黃(huang)帝(di)年代(dai)(dai)較近(jin).甲(jia)骨文(wen)(wen),是(shi)中(zhong)國迄今為(wei)止(zhi)發(fa)現的(de)最早的(de)文(wen)(wen)字.殷商甲(jia)骨文(wen)(wen)記(ji)述(shu)的(de)黃(huang)帝(di)在(zai)無(wu)終山(shan)(shan)舞斧(fu)、問(wen)道(dao)(dao)的(de)史實(shi)(shi)最為(wei)真實(shi)(shi)可信.這(zhe)為(wei)黃(huang)帝(di)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)區(qu)(qu)域及問(wen)道(dao)(dao)之所(suo)(suo)提供了(le)最為(wei)可靠的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju).薊(ji)縣,古(gu)為(wei)無(wu)終子(zi)(zi)國,今日的(de)縣城就(jiu)是(shi)當時國都所(suo)(suo)在(zai)地,這(zhe)已為(wei)史學(xue)界(jie)所(suo)(suo)公認.薊(ji)縣區(qu)(qu)域內的(de)燕山(shan)(shan)余脈古(gu)代(dai)(dai)曾統(tong)稱為(wei)無(wu)終山(shan)(shan),而府君(jun)山(shan)(shan)則(ze)是(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)地區(qu)(qu)無(wu)可爭議的(de)崆(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)。
<爾雅·釋(shi)地(di)>記(ji)載
說(shuo):"岠齊州以南戴(dai)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)丹(dan)穴,北(bei)戴(dai)斗極為(wei)(wei)空(kong)同."這(zhe)句話(hua)(hua)意思是:齊州(冀(ji)(ji)州)南部(bu)為(wei)(wei)丹(dan)穴,北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)同.明(ming)確指出(chu)<莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)·在(zai)(zai)宥(you)>中(zhong)(zhong)的崆(kong)(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)冀(ji)(ji)州北(bei)部(bu)而不(bu)是在(zai)(zai)河(he)南.明(ming)代(dai)史學家(jia)孫(sun)承澤所著的<天(tian)府廣記(ji)>載:"薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州東北(bei)有崆(kong)(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan),問(wen)(wen)道(dao)廣成子(zi)處(chu)."康熙(xi)寵臣朱(zhu)彝(yi)(yi)尊非常(chang)贊同孫(sun)承澤的說(shuo)法(fa),在(zai)(zai)<日(ri)(ri)下(xia)舊聞>中(zhong)(zhong),對黃帝問(wen)(wen)道(dao)甘肅(su)崆(kong)(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)之說(shuo),提(ti)出(chu)了質疑(yi),也可以說(shuo)予(yu)以否(fou)定(ding).文中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)出(chu):"然稽之爾(er)雅(ya),北(bei)戴(dai)斗極為(wei)(wei)空(kong)桐,空(kong)桐之人武.司馬彪注<莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)>亦云(yun):"空(kong)桐當斗之山(shan)(shan)(shan).則空(kong)桐宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)矣."且(qie)問(wen)(wen)道(dao)之文載于(yu)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi),其初(chu)往見廣成子(zi),謂帝不(bu)足(zu)以語(yu)至道(dao),退而筑特室,席白茅(mao),閑居(ju)(ju)三(san)月,復(fu)往要(yao)之.當日(ri)(ri)帝邑(yi)于(yu)涿鹿之阿,去薊(ji)(ji)(ji)甚邇(er),故不(bu)難(nan)復(fu)要(yao)之."乾隆年間于(yu)敏中(zhong)(zhong)等人編寫的<日(ri)(ri)下(xia)舊聞考>引用了朱(zhu)彝(yi)(yi)尊的這(zhe)段原話(hua)(hua).這(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)的意思是說(shuo):按照(zhao)<爾(er)雅(ya)>之說(shuo),崆(kong)(kong)(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)應在(zai)(zai)北(bei)方.黃帝邑(yi)于(yu)涿鹿之阿(現河(he)北(bei)省涿鹿縣),離(li)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣較近,黃帝第一(yi)次問(wen)(wen)道(dao)碰壁,閑居(ju)(ju)三(san)個月后,又去薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣見廣成子(zi)不(bu)是難(nan)事,比較符合<莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)>記(ji)載的史實.筆者(zhe)粗略計算一(yi)下(xia),涿鹿離(li)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣還不(bu)足(zu)200公里,而離(li)甘肅(su)平(ping)涼(liang)(liang)直線距離(li)也在(zai)(zai)2000公里以上,且(qie)還隔著太行、呂(lv)梁等眾多山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈和黃河(he)、汾(fen)水(shui)、渭水(shui)等天(tian)險(xian),在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)環(huan)境惡劣、交(jiao)通極為(wei)(wei)落后的情況下(xia),黃帝怎能在(zai)(zai)三(san)個月內輕易兩(liang)度遠涉(she)甘肅(su)平(ping)涼(liang)(liang)呢?
<光緒順天府志>記載
"薊縣有笄頭山,空(kong)同(tong)、笄頭相去不遠".符(fu)合<史記(ji)>所說黃帝到空(kong)同(tong)登雞(ji)頭之(zhi)說。
黃帝(di)問(wen)道(dao)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)崆(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan),在唐代(dai)大詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)陳(chen)子(zi)昂的(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)文中得到印證(zheng).<陳(chen)子(zi)昂評(ping)傳>(1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西北(bei)(bei)大學(xue)出版(ban)社出版(ban))載:公元697年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue),陳(chen)子(zi)昂隨武攸宜征討契(qi)丹孫(sun)萬榮,駐(zhu)扎在漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)城(薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)).前(qian)(qian)鋒指(zhi)(zhi)揮王孝(xiao)杰(jie)輕敵冒(mao)進(jin),在山(shan)(shan)(shan)海關中計,17萬將士(shi)(shi)死(si)亡殆盡.消(xiao)息(xi)(xi)傳來,全軍震(zhen)恐,不(bu)敢(gan)進(jin).危難之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際,陳(chen)子(zi)昂挺身而出,兩次進(jin)諫,不(bu)但(dan)不(bu)被(bei)理睬(cai),反而被(bei)降(jiang)了職.苦悶與(yu)悲(bei)憤交加的(de)(de)陳(chen)子(zi)昂,驅馬(ma)出薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men),登(deng)(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(崆(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)),到平(ping)谷漁(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan))拜謁(ye)黃帝(di)陵,作<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘覽古(gu)(gu)(gu)贈盧(lu)居(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)藏(zang)用(yong)(yong)>七首,以抒憤慨(kai),并在序文中寫道(dao):(這里)亦有(you)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)遺(yi)(yi)跡也(ye)(ye)(ye)!許(xu)多人(ren)在注解陳(chen)子(zi)昂這部分(fen)詩(shi)(shi)文時(shi),誤把漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)當成北(bei)(bei)京(jing).其實,在隋朝大業末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),無終縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就改名為(wei)(wei)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(此前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)在懷(huai)柔(rou)、密云一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,即陳(chen)勝、吳廣(guang)戍(shu)邊要去(qu)的(de)(de)那個地方).隋朝以后(hou),漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)即指(zhi)(zhi)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).唐代(dai),北(bei)(bei)京(jing)改稱幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))歷(li)屬玄州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、營(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)郡,直(zhi)到唐開元十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元731年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),置薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).陳(chen)子(zi)昂隨軍駐(zhu)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang),就是駐(zhu)扎在薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)有(you)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)、薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘,薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內,古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)、薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘,這往往為(wei)(wei)人(ren)們所(suo)(suo)忽視.明代(dai)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間熊相撰的(de)(de)<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)>云:"薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關,在州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東南六十里,唐置薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),意(yi)取此."<日下舊(jiu)聞(wen)(wen)考>云:"開元十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),析(xi)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漁(yu)(yu)(yu)陽(yang)、三(san)河、玉(yu)田(tian)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)置薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),取薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關以名州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).<太平(ping)寰宇(yu)記(ji)>也(ye)(ye)(ye)說:"古(gu)(gu)(gu)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關在州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東南六十里,一(yi)(yi)(yi)名薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘,今遺(yi)(yi)跡尚(shang)存(cun)."1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),北(bei)(bei)京(jing)文物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)長齊心說,80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末,薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建火力發(fa)電站,挖地基,挖出一(yi)(yi)(yi)座漢墓.墓主遺(yi)(yi)言(yan)上說,古(gu)(gu)(gu)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)距他的(de)(de)墓有(you)xxx尺,并在墓里放了一(yi)(yi)(yi)把尺.據(ju)<河北(bei)(bei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)歷(li)史(shi)編年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)>載:"聞(wen)(wen)(王)孝(xiao)杰(jie)兵沒(mei),三(san)軍震(zhen)恐,不(bu)敢(gan)進(jin).契(qi)丹乘勝攻幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、踏定州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、屠趙州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)."由此可知(zhi),當時(shi)的(de)(de)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)已(yi)淪為(wei)(wei)敵占區(qu).<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘覽古(gu)(gu)(gu)贈盧(lu)居(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi)藏(zang)用(yong)(yong)>詩(shi)(shi)七首,是陳(chen)子(zi)昂兩次進(jin)諫受阻后(hou)不(bu)久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,在當時(shi)戰爭環境下也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)允許(xu)他去(qu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)覽古(gu)(gu)(gu)."北(bei)(bei)登(deng)(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘望,求(qiu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺.應龍已(yi)不(bu)見,牧馬(ma)空黃埃.尚(shang)思廣(guang)成子(zi),遺(yi)(yi)跡白云隈."這首詩(shi)(shi)是詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)登(deng)(deng)(deng)上薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城北(bei)(bei)崆(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan),參(can)觀廣(guang)成子(zi)洞(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)吟寫的(de)(de)感(gan)慨(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作.公元697年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue),突厥(jue)攻克了契(qi)丹老巢新(xin)城(遼(liao)寧朝陽(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶),與(yu)唐兵相持的(de)(de)孫(sun)萬榮聞(wen)(wen)此消(xiao)息(xi)(xi),十分(fen)恐慌(huang),倉皇撤退,被(bei)部下殺死(si),契(qi)丹兵潰(kui).七月(yue),陳(chen)子(zi)昂隨武攸宜回到東都洛陽(yang),途經(jing)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)時(shi)作了一(yi)(yi)(yi)首著名的(de)(de)<登(deng)(deng)(deng)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)臺歌(ge)>.六百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)<大明一(yi)(yi)(yi)統志(zhi)>,引用(yong)(yong)了陳(chen)子(zi)昂"北(bei)(bei)登(deng)(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘望,求(qiu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺"的(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)句,確認陳(chen)子(zi)昂所(suo)(suo)登(deng)(deng)(deng)崆(kong)峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)就是黃帝(di)問(wen)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo),軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺就是平(ping)谷漁(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan))上的(de)(de)黃帝(di)陵。
中國社科(ke)院(yuan)專家考(kao)證(zheng)
黃帝(di)(di)(di)死后(hou)葬于平谷(gu).明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)間修(xiu)纂的(de)(de)<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)志>和清(qing)代<嘉慶重修(xiu)大(da)清(qing)一統志>記載:平谷(gu)漁子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),上有(you)(you)(you)大(da)冢,俗稱軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)(tai),傳為(wei)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling),上有(you)(you)(you)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)廟.<天府廣記>載:"黃帝(di)(di)(di)都冀,故其陵(ling)(ling)在(zai)(zai)冀境內.舊云在(zai)(zai)橋(qiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),又(you)曰在(zai)(zai)寧州(zhou),非也(ye)."根據遠(yuan)古條件,都和陵(ling)(ling)不會離的(de)(de)太遠(yuan).明(ming)(ming)(ming)代<長安(an)客話>、<大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一統志>,清(qing)代<日(ri)下舊聞考(kao)>等志書也(ye)都記載了(le)(le)平谷(gu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling).北(bei)(bei)(bei)京清(qing)華大(da)學任重遠(yuan)教授(shou)通過對北(bei)(bei)(bei)京平谷(gu)漁子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))地形地貌進(jin)行(xing)分析,認為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京平谷(gu)區山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)莊(zhuang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)魚山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、白(bai)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)組成的(de)(de)獨立小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系,就是<山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)經·海(hai)外西經>中提到的(de)(de)黃帝(di)(di)(di)"龍魚陵(ling)(ling)".魚山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)九個小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰,軒(xuan)轅(yuan)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)就在(zai)(zai)魚山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)第六峰上.在(zai)(zai)第一峰上有(you)(you)(you)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)黃帝(di)(di)(di)廟,為(wei)日(ri)本鬼子所毀(hui).明(ming)(ming)(ming)代刻有(you)(you)(you)"重修(xiu)黃帝(di)(di)(di)廟碑(bei)記"殘存半塊石碑(bei)還在(zai)(zai).碑(bei)上還刻有(you)(you)(you)陳子昂(ang)"北(bei)(bei)(bei)登薊(ji)(ji)(ji)丘望,求古軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)"的(de)(de)詩(shi)句.公元752年(nian)(nian)(nian),唐代"詩(shi)仙"李白(bai),為(wei)報答唐玄宗對他(ta)的(de)(de)恩(en)寵,來(lai)到薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)、平谷(gu)查探安(an)祿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)謀(mou)反(fan)虛實.中國歷史博物館研究(jiu)員史樹清(qing)考(kao)證,薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)獨樂寺"觀(guan)音之閣"四字是李白(bai)所書(1984.11.17<光明(ming)(ming)(ming)日(ri)報><獨樂寺李白(bai)署書<觀(guan)音閣考(kao)>>),從(cong)而(er)證實了(le)(le)李白(bai)到過薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian).通過調查,李白(bai)發現了(le)(le)安(an)祿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)種(zhong)種(zhong)謀(mou)反(fan)跡象,寫(xie)了(le)(le)一首<北(bei)(bei)(bei)風行(xing)>,揭(jie)露安(an)祿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)謀(mou)反(fan)行(xing)為(wei),布(bu)告(gao)全國.在(zai)(zai)<北(bei)(bei)(bei)風行(xing)>這(zhe)首詩(shi)中李白(bai)寫(xie)道:"燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雪花大(da)如(ru)席,片片吹落軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)."明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)指出(chu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)(黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling))在(zai)(zai)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)李白(bai)的(de)(de)確(que)拜(bai)謁過平谷(gu)漁子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上的(de)(de)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling).1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月18日(ri),蘇秉琦老(lao)先(xian)生在(zai)(zai)平谷(gu)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)說(shuo):"全國幾(ji)處的(de)(de)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling),我都承認,這(zhe)是老(lao)祖宗留給我們的(de)(de)遺產呀(ya)!"平谷(gu)距離薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)僅(jin)有(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)十(shi)華里,西有(you)(you)(you)黃帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling),東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)崆峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),不能說(shuo)這(zhe)僅(jin)僅(jin)是一種(zhong)巧。
從以上(shang)諸多史料考證表明,黃(huang)帝問(wen)道的(de)崆峒山(shan)應該就是薊縣的(de)府君山(shan)。