簡介
關(guan)于黃帝問道之(zhi)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)(tong)山,究(jiu)竟在什(shen)么地(di)(di)方?自古以(yi)來(lai),眾說(shuo)紛紜(yun).史學界一般以(yi)司馬遷<史記>中的(de)(de)(de)寥寥數語(西至于空桐,登雞頭)作為(wei)定論(lun),認(ren)為(wei)甘肅(su)平涼的(de)(de)(de)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)(tong)山就(jiu)是(shi)黃帝問道之(zhi)所(suo).其實,漢朝距黃帝時代已有三、四千年.司馬遷為(wei)考(kao)(kao)證有關(guan)黃帝的(de)(de)(de)神話(hua)傳說(shuo),雖(sui)然西到(dao)甘肅(su)、北過涿鹿、東(dong)到(dao)海濱,南渡(du)江淮(huai),踏尋了(le)黃帝諸多足跡,寫了(le)<史記·五帝本紀>.但是(shi),受(shou)當(dang)時各方面條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制,他沒有到(dao)過燕山腹(fu)地(di)(di),沒有找到(dao)軒(xuan)轅黃帝的(de)(de)(de)"根".當(dang)然,他不可能對全國地(di)(di)理進行全部踏查(cha),因此也(ye)就(jiu)不知(zhi)道其他地(di)(di)方也(ye)有崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)(tong)山.據我所(suo)知(zhi),全國各地(di)(di)有崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)(tong)山八、九處(chu)之(zhi)多.其中,甘肅(su)3處(chu),河南2處(chu),四川(chuan)、江西、寧(ning)夏、天津薊縣(xian)各1處(chu).近年來(lai),經(jing)過筆者(zhe)查(cha)閱大量(liang)史料和所(suo)作的(de)(de)(de)一些考(kao)(kao)察,認(ren)為(wei)黃帝問道廣(guang)成子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)(tong)山,就(jiu)是(shi)薊縣(xian)城北的(de)(de)(de)府君山。
地址
薊(ji)(ji)(ji)縣的(de)府(fu)君山(shan)(shan)(shan)坐落(luo)于縣城北,明(ming)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)前叫崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan).山(shan)(shan)(shan)中多(duo)洞(dong),其中穿云洞(dong)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂洞(dong)、白(bai)大(da)洞(dong)等較(jiao)為有(you)名(ming).崆峒(tong)積雪,為古代(dai)漁陽八景之一.明(ming)嘉靖,清(qing)康熙、道光(guang),民(min)國(guo)時(shi)期的(de)<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)>和<欽定(ding)盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)志(zhi)>等,對此山(shan)(shan)(shan)都有(you)著述,并都有(you)黃(huang)帝登此山(shan)(shan)(shan)問(wen)道廣成(cheng)子(zi)的(de)記載.<名(ming)勝志(zhi)>、<太平寰(huan)宇記>、<光(guang)緒(xu)順天(tian)府(fu)志(zhi)>、<天(tian)府(fu)廣記>、<畿輔(fu)通志(zhi)>、<日下(xia)舊聞(wen)考(kao)>等志(zhi)書也大(da)都肯(ken)定(ding)了<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)>關于黃(huang)帝問(wen)道崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(府(fu)君山(shan)(shan)(shan))的(de)說法.清(qing)代(dai)道光(guang)年間<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)>里附(fu)有(you)一幅(fu)<崆峒(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)圖>,清(qing)晰(xi)地標明(ming)了廣成(cheng)子(zi)殿的(de)位置.明(ming)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)后,山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)建有(you)崔府(fu)君廟,故改(gai)稱為府(fu)君山(shan)(shan)(shan),沿用至今。
<山海(hai)經>記載
山(shan)海(hai)經(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)描述山(shan)川(chuan)、物產、風俗(su)、民情的大型地(di)(di)(di)理(li)著(zhu)作,又是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)神話傳說(shuo)(shuo)的大匯(hui)編.它記述了黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)至(zhi)夏商周(zhou)先(xian)祖們在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)活(huo)動的情況.清代(dai)(dai)(dai)畢沅在(zai)校<山(shan)海(hai)經(jing)(jing)>序中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):"<山(shan)海(hai)經(jing)(jing)>作于(yu)(yu)(yu)禹(yu)、益,述于(yu)(yu)(yu)周(zhou)秦,其學(xue)行于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢,明于(yu)(yu)(yu)晉."屈原(yuan)在(zai)<楚(chu)辭(ci)·九(jiu)歌·云中(zhong)(zhong)君>說(shuo)(shuo):"覽(lan)冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou)兮有余,橫(heng)四海(hai)兮焉(yan)窮?""君"就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)軒轅(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di).這句話的意思是(shi)(shi):為(wei)什么軒轅(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)特(te)別(bie)關(guan)照(zhao)冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou)?冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou),自古(gu)(gu)(gu)即(ji)指燕(yan)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai),為(wei)九(jiu)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首.明代(dai)(dai)(dai)史學(xue)家孫承(cheng)澤說(shuo)(shuo):"黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)都冀(ji)(ji)".明代(dai)(dai)(dai)大學(xue)問家顧炎(yan)武(wu)在(zai)<日知錄(lu)>中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):"古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天子常(chang)居冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou),后(hou)(hou)人因以冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號."黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)都城(cheng)在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou),因此(ci)特(te)別(bie)關(guan)照(zhao)冀(ji)(ji)州(zhou)、經(jing)(jing)常(chang)在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)活(huo)動,是(shi)(shi)情理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)的事(shi)(shi).據<禮記·樂記>記載:周(zhou)武(wu)王伐紂成功,未及下車,立即(ji)封黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)薊(ji)(當時的"薊(ji)"指北京(jing)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu);清華(hua)大學(xue)任重遠教授(shou)認(ren)為(wei)在(zai)河北玉田縣(xian)),表(biao)明至(zhi)西周(zhou)時期(qi),燕(yan)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)活(huo)動地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai).原(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)協(xie)會理(li)事(shi)(shi)長、著(zhu)名(ming)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)家蘇秉琦(qi)認(ren)為(wei)"軒轅(yuan)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)燕(yan)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)很有道理(li)."他在(zai)<華(hua)人·龍的傳人·中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人———考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)尋根(gen)記>(1994.4遼寧大學(xue)出版(ban)社出版(ban))中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):""五(wu)帝(di)"(黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)、顓頊、帝(di)嚳、堯、舜)前(qian)期(qi)活(huo)動中(zhong)(zhong)心是(shi)(shi)燕(yan)山(shan)南北."薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處燕(yan)山(shan)腹地(di)(di)(di),理(li)應是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)往來巡(xun)幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)。
清華大(da)學考證研究
認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)燕(yan)山一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)心,并著作了(le)(le)<遷安(an)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝古都>一(yi)書(香港利華出版社2002年出版).該(gai)書對甲(jia)骨文(wen)<小屯·乙編·7171正(zheng)片>進行了(le)(le)破(po)譯,該(gai)片記載(zai)了(le)(le)"黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝在(zai)(zai)幽州無終(zhong)(zhong)山中(zhong)習(xi)武練斧"的(de)(de)(de)史實.由此,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝經常在(zai)(zai)薊縣一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)活(huo)動(dong),得到(dao)了(le)(le)證(zheng)(zheng)實.任重遠(yuan)教授還(huan)對郭沫若(ruo)編纂(zuan)(zuan)的(de)(de)(de)<卜辭通纂(zuan)(zuan)·天(tian)象·第四三(san)一(yi)片>進行了(le)(le)重新詮(quan)釋.此片明確寫道"黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝在(zai)(zai)無終(zhong)(zhong)山中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)空同(tong)山上問道于(yu)廣成子(zi)".同(tong)時(shi),此片還(huan)記載(zai)"商代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)王,在(zai)(zai)北京平谷南(nan)10里氣鼓山第一(yi)次冒出氣后第十一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(甲(jia)日(ri)(ri)(ri)),在(zai)(zai)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝問道廣成子(zi)之(zhi)處(薊縣崆(kong)峒山),用"帝牛(洗滌三(san)個(ge)月的(de)(de)(de)牛)"祭祀"甲(jia)"名為(wei)(wei)(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)十位先祖."商代(dai)(dai),距黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝年代(dai)(dai)較近.甲(jia)骨文(wen),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)迄(qi)今為(wei)(wei)(wei)止發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字.殷商甲(jia)骨文(wen)記述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝在(zai)(zai)無終(zhong)(zhong)山舞(wu)斧、問道的(de)(de)(de)史實最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen)實可(ke)信.這為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝活(huo)動(dong)區(qu)域及問道之(zhi)所提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據.薊縣,古為(wei)(wei)(wei)無終(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)國(guo),今日(ri)(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)縣城(cheng)就是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)國(guo)都所在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di),這已為(wei)(wei)(wei)史學界所公認(ren).薊縣區(qu)域內的(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)山余(yu)脈古代(dai)(dai)曾統稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)無終(zhong)(zhong)山,而(er)府(fu)君山則是(shi)(shi)這一(yi)地(di)(di)區(qu)無可(ke)爭(zheng)議的(de)(de)(de)崆(kong)峒山。
<爾雅·釋地>記(ji)載
說(shuo)(shuo):"岠齊州(zhou)以(yi)南(nan)戴日(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)丹(dan)穴(xue),北(bei)戴斗極為(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)同."這(zhe)(zhe)句話意思(si)是(shi):齊州(zhou)(冀州(zhou))南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)丹(dan)穴(xue),北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)同.明確指出(chu)<莊子(zi)·在宥(you)>中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)山(shan)在冀州(zhou)北(bei)部(bu)而不(bu)是(shi)在河南(nan).明代史(shi)(shi)學家孫承澤所(suo)著的(de)(de)(de)<天府廣(guang)(guang)記>載:"薊(ji)州(zhou)東北(bei)有崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)山(shan),問道(dao)廣(guang)(guang)成(cheng)子(zi)處(chu)."康熙寵臣朱彝尊非常贊同孫承澤的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法,在<日(ri)下(xia)舊聞(wen)>中(zhong),對(dui)黃(huang)帝(di)問道(dao)甘肅(su)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo),提(ti)出(chu)了質疑,也可以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)予以(yi)否定.文(wen)中(zhong)提(ti)出(chu):"然稽(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)爾雅,北(bei)戴斗極為(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)桐(tong),空(kong)桐(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)人武.司馬彪注<莊子(zi)>亦云(yun):"空(kong)桐(tong)當(dang)(dang)斗之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan).則空(kong)桐(tong)宜在北(bei)矣."且(qie)問道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)載于莊子(zi),其初往(wang)見廣(guang)(guang)成(cheng)子(zi),謂(wei)帝(di)不(bu)足以(yi)語至道(dao),退(tui)而筑特室,席(xi)白茅,閑居(ju)三月,復(fu)往(wang)要之(zhi)(zhi).當(dang)(dang)日(ri)帝(di)邑于涿(zhuo)鹿之(zhi)(zhi)阿,去薊(ji)甚邇,故不(bu)難復(fu)要之(zhi)(zhi)."乾隆年間于敏中(zhong)等人編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)<日(ri)下(xia)舊聞(wen)考>引用了朱彝尊的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)段原話.這(zhe)(zhe)段話的(de)(de)(de)意思(si)是(shi)說(shuo)(shuo):按照<爾雅>之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo),崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)山(shan)應在北(bei)方.黃(huang)帝(di)邑于涿(zhuo)鹿之(zhi)(zhi)阿(現河北(bei)省涿(zhuo)鹿縣(xian)(xian)),離(li)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)較(jiao)近,黃(huang)帝(di)第一次(ci)問道(dao)碰(peng)壁,閑居(ju)三個月后,又去薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)見廣(guang)(guang)成(cheng)子(zi)不(bu)是(shi)難事,比較(jiao)符合<莊子(zi)>記載的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)實.筆者粗(cu)略計算一下(xia),涿(zhuo)鹿離(li)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)還(huan)不(bu)足200公(gong)里,而離(li)甘肅(su)平涼直線距離(li)也在2000公(gong)里以(yi)上,且(qie)還(huan)隔著太行、呂(lv)梁等眾多山(shan)脈和黃(huang)河、汾水(shui)、渭水(shui)等天險,在當(dang)(dang)時環境惡劣、交通極為(wei)(wei)(wei)落后的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),黃(huang)帝(di)怎能在三個月內輕易兩度(du)遠涉甘肅(su)平涼呢(ni)?
<光緒順天府志>記載
"薊縣有笄頭(tou)山,空同、笄頭(tou)相去不遠".符合<史記>所說(shuo)黃帝(di)到空同登雞頭(tou)之(zhi)說(shuo)。
黃(huang)帝問道薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)崆(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐代大(da)(da)詩(shi)人陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)的(de)(de)詩(shi)文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)得到印(yin)證.<陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)評(ping)傳(chuan)>(1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)學出(chu)版社出(chu)版)載:公元(yuan)697年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三月,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)隨(sui)武攸(you)宜(yi)征(zheng)討契丹(dan)(dan)孫(sun)(sun)萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong),駐扎在(zai)(zai)(zai)漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)城(薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)).前(qian)鋒(feng)指(zhi)揮王孝杰輕敵(di)冒進(jin),在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)計,17萬(wan)(wan)將士死亡殆盡.消(xiao)息傳(chuan)來(lai),全軍震恐(kong),不(bu)敢進(jin).危難之際,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)挺身(shen)而出(chu),兩次(ci)進(jin)諫(jian)(jian),不(bu)但不(bu)被(bei)理睬,反而被(bei)降了職.苦悶與悲憤交加的(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang),驅馬出(chu)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men),登(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)(崆(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)),到平(ping)谷漁(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan))拜謁黃(huang)帝陵(ling),作(zuo)<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)覽(lan)古(gu)贈盧(lu)居士藏用(yong)>七(qi)(qi)首,以(yi)抒憤慨(kai),并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)序文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)寫(xie)道:(這里)亦有(you)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)遺(yi)跡(ji)也(ye)!許(xu)多人在(zai)(zai)(zai)注解陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)這部分詩(shi)文(wen)時,誤把(ba)漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)當(dang)成北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing).其實,在(zai)(zai)(zai)隋朝大(da)(da)業末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),無終縣(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)(jiu)改名(ming)為漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(此(ci)前(qian)的(de)(de)漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)懷(huai)柔、密云(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,即陳(chen)(chen)(chen)勝、吳廣戍邊要(yao)去(qu)的(de)(de)那個(ge)地(di)方(fang)).隋朝以(yi)后,漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)即指(zhi)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian).唐代,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)改稱幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))歷屬玄(xuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、營(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)郡,直到唐開(kai)元(yuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)731年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),置(zhi)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)隨(sui)軍駐漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang),就(jiu)(jiu)是駐扎在(zai)(zai)(zai)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian).古(gu)代北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)有(you)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)、薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu),薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內,古(gu)代也(ye)有(you)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)、薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu),這往往為人們所(suo)(suo)忽(hu)視(shi).明(ming)代嘉(jia)靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間熊相撰的(de)(de)<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志>云(yun):"薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關(guan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)(dong)南六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里,唐置(zhi)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),意取此(ci)."<日(ri)下(xia)舊聞(wen)(wen)(wen)考>云(yun):"開(kai)元(yuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),析(xi)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之漁(yu)陽(yang)(yang)、三河、玉田三縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置(zhi)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),取薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關(guan)以(yi)名(ming)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou).<太平(ping)寰(huan)宇記>也(ye)說:"古(gu)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)關(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)(dong)南六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里,一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu),今(jin)遺(yi)跡(ji)尚存."1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)文(wen)物研(yan)究所(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)長齊心說,80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代末,薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建火(huo)力發電站,挖地(di)基,挖出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)漢墓.墓主(zhu)遺(yi)言上(shang)說,古(gu)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門(men)距他的(de)(de)墓有(you)xxx尺(chi),并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)墓里放了一(yi)(yi)(yi)把(ba)尺(chi).據(ju)<河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)古(gu)代歷史編年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)>載:"聞(wen)(wen)(wen)(王)孝杰兵(bing)沒,三軍震恐(kong),不(bu)敢進(jin).契丹(dan)(dan)乘(cheng)勝攻幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、踏定州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、屠趙州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)."由此(ci)可(ke)知,當(dang)時的(de)(de)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)已淪為敵(di)占區.<薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)覽(lan)古(gu)贈盧(lu)居士藏用(yong)>詩(shi)七(qi)(qi)首,是陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)兩次(ci)進(jin)諫(jian)(jian)受阻后不(bu)久之作(zuo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)時戰爭(zheng)環境(jing)下(xia)也(ye)不(bu)允許(xu)他去(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)覽(lan)古(gu)."北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)登(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)望,求古(gu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai).應(ying)龍(long)已不(bu)見,牧(mu)馬空黃(huang)埃.尚思(si)廣成子(zi)(zi)(zi),遺(yi)跡(ji)白云(yun)隈."這首詩(shi)是詩(shi)人登(deng)(deng)上(shang)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)崆(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan),參觀廣成子(zi)(zi)(zi)洞之后吟寫(xie)的(de)(de)感慨(kai)之作(zuo).公元(yuan)697年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,突厥(jue)攻克(ke)了契丹(dan)(dan)老巢(chao)新(xin)城(遼(liao)寧(ning)朝陽(yang)(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶),與唐兵(bing)相持的(de)(de)孫(sun)(sun)萬(wan)(wan)榮(rong)聞(wen)(wen)(wen)此(ci)消(xiao)息,十(shi)(shi)(shi)分恐(kong)慌,倉皇(huang)撤退(tui),被(bei)部下(xia)殺死,契丹(dan)(dan)兵(bing)潰.七(qi)(qi)月,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)隨(sui)武攸(you)宜(yi)回到東(dong)(dong)都洛陽(yang)(yang),途經(jing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)時作(zuo)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)首著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)<登(deng)(deng)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)臺(tai)歌>.六(liu)(liu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)(de)<大(da)(da)明(ming)一(yi)(yi)(yi)統志>,引用(yong)了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)"北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)登(deng)(deng)薊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)丘(qiu)望,求古(gu)軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)"的(de)(de)詩(shi)句,確認陳(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)昂(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)(ang)所(suo)(suo)登(deng)(deng)崆(kong)峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)就(jiu)(jiu)是黃(huang)帝問道之所(suo)(suo),軒(xuan)轅(yuan)臺(tai)就(jiu)(jiu)是平(ping)谷漁(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan))上(shang)的(de)(de)黃(huang)帝陵(ling)。
中國社科院專家考證
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝死后葬于平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu).明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝嘉靖年間(jian)修纂(zuan)的(de)(de)(de)<薊州志(zhi)>和(he)清(qing)代<嘉慶重修大(da)(da)清(qing)一(yi)(yi)統志(zhi)>記載(zai):平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)漁(yu)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),上有(you)(you)大(da)(da)冢(zhong),俗稱軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)臺,傳為(wei)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),上有(you)(you)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)廟.<天府廣(guang)記>載(zai):"黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝都(dou)冀(ji),故其陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冀(ji)境內(nei).舊云在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)橋山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),又曰在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寧州,非也."根據(ju)遠(yuan)古條件(jian),都(dou)和(he)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)不會離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)太遠(yuan).明(ming)(ming)(ming)代<長安客(ke)話>、<大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)統志(zhi)>,清(qing)代<日(ri)下舊聞考(kao)>等志(zhi)書也都(dou)記載(zai)了(le)平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling).北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)清(qing)華(hua)大(da)(da)學任重遠(yuan)教(jiao)授通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對(dui)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)漁(yu)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))地形(xing)地貌(mao)進行(xing)分析,認為(wei)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)區(qu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東莊(zhuang)北(bei)(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、白(bai)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立(li)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi),就(jiu)是(shi)<山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海經·海外西經>中提(ti)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝"龍魚(yu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)".魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)九個小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰,軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)第(di)六峰上.在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)一(yi)(yi)峰上有(you)(you)軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝廟,為(wei)日(ri)本鬼子所毀.明(ming)(ming)(ming)代刻有(you)(you)"重修黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝廟碑(bei)記"殘存(cun)半(ban)塊石碑(bei)還在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai).碑(bei)上還刻有(you)(you)陳子昂"北(bei)(bei)登(deng)薊丘望,求(qiu)古軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)臺"的(de)(de)(de)詩句.公元752年,唐代"詩仙"李白(bai),為(wei)報答(da)唐玄宗(zong)對(dui)他的(de)(de)(de)恩寵,來到(dao)薊縣(xian)、平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)查探安祿(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)謀反虛實(shi).中國歷史(shi)博物(wu)館研究(jiu)員史(shi)樹清(qing)考(kao)證(zheng),薊縣(xian)獨(du)樂(le)寺"觀音之閣"四(si)字是(shi)李白(bai)所書(1984.11.17<光明(ming)(ming)(ming)日(ri)報><獨(du)樂(le)寺李白(bai)署書<觀音閣考(kao)>>),從(cong)而證(zheng)實(shi)了(le)李白(bai)到(dao)過(guo)(guo)薊縣(xian).通(tong)過(guo)(guo)調(diao)查,李白(bai)發(fa)現了(le)安祿(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)種(zhong)種(zhong)謀反跡象,寫了(le)一(yi)(yi)首<北(bei)(bei)風行(xing)>,揭露安祿(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)謀反行(xing)為(wei),布告全國.在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)<北(bei)(bei)風行(xing)>這(zhe)首詩中李白(bai)寫道:"燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雪花大(da)(da)如席(xi),片(pian)片(pian)吹落軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)臺."明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)指出軒(xuan)(xuan)轅(yuan)(yuan)臺(黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling))在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),說明(ming)(ming)(ming)李白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)確(que)拜謁過(guo)(guo)平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)漁(yu)子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling).1995年5月18日(ri),蘇秉琦老(lao)先生在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)說:"全國幾(ji)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),我(wo)都(dou)承(cheng)認,這(zhe)是(shi)老(lao)祖宗(zong)留給我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)遺產呀!"平(ping)(ping)谷(gu)(gu)距(ju)離(li)(li)薊縣(xian)僅有(you)(you)幾(ji)十華(hua)里,西有(you)(you)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling),東有(you)(you)崆峒山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),不能說這(zhe)僅僅是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)巧。
從(cong)以上諸(zhu)多史料(liao)考證表明,黃(huang)帝問道的崆峒山應(ying)該(gai)就(jiu)是薊(ji)縣的府君(jun)山。