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下菰城(cheng)(cheng)遺址地處湖州市南(nan)郊12．5公里云巢鄉窯(yao)頭(tou)村，為(wei)戰(zhan)國時楚春中君黃歇封地。楚考烈工十五年(nian)(公元(yuan)前(qian)248)黃歇在此(ci)置(zhi)菰城(cheng)(cheng)縣，距今(jin)已有2200余年(nian)。菰城(cheng)(cheng)得名于因“城(cheng)(cheng)西溪澤我草彌望”，是湖州早的古城(cheng)(cheng)址，為(wei)省級重點文物保護單位。

下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)遺址坐落在一個自北(bei)向南(nan)(nan)傾斜的山(shan)坡上(shang)(shang)，背倚和尚山(shan)，東(dong)北(bei)靠近金(jin)蓋(gai)山(shan)。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)城(cheng)垣(yuan)分內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外兩重(zhong)，其中外城(cheng)略似(si)圓角(jiao)等(deng)邊(bian)二角(jiao)形(xing)，現存城(cheng)垣(yuan)周長約1800米。東(dong)北(bei)和西北(bei)城(cheng)垣(yuan)保存完(wan)(wan)好(hao)，無南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)垣(yuan)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)位于外城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)南(nan)(nan)隅(yu)，現存城(cheng)垣(yuan)周約1200米，除南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)邁較殘外，其余部(bu)分保存都較完(wan)(wan)好(hao)。城(cheng)垣(yuan)一般高(gao)度在9米左右，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)寬5-6米，底部(bu)寬30米。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)有(you)闕(que)(que)口六，外城(cheng)有(you)闕(que)(que)口三(san)。城(cheng)垣(yuan)用黃土(tu)夯筑(zhu)而(er)成，較實。

在下(xia)菰城的城垣中夾(jia)雜(za)有印紋(wen)陶、原始(shi)青(qing)瓷和夾(jia)砂(sha)陶片等；印紋(wen)陶有云(yun)雷紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、折(zhe)線紋(wen)、組合紋(wen)等。附近山頂(ding)上還分布有傳說(shuo)的“烽(feng)火墩”，據發掘為土墩墓、石室墓等。

下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)在云(yun)巢鄉的東(dong)(dong)南隅(yu)，西北倚和尚山，北面(mian)是(shi)金蓋山，東(dong)(dong)南臨(lin)東(dong)(dong)苕溪，背山面(mian)水。距今約2000年(nian)。當時(shi)這里(li)“起青樓連延十(shi)里(li)”，十(shi)分(fen)繁華(hua)。現在除南城(cheng)垣外(wai)，其余各邊(bian)的斷垣殘壁依然存(cun)在。城(cheng)垣分(fen)內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，皆橢圓略帶三(san)角形(xing)。外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)積約20萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi)；內(nei)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)位于外(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的東(dong)(dong)南隅(yu)，面(mian)積約8萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi)。由于當時(shi)燒磚技術尚未普及，內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)垣均不用磚砌，而是(shi)用黃(huang)土夯打筑實，高約9米(mi)。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)尚未經過正式考古發掘，但在遺址(zhi)上(shang)仍可揀到鐮形(xing)刀和印陶罐殘片等戰國時(shi)代(dai)(dai)遺物。明代(dai)(dai)詩人張羽曾慕(mu)名來此游(you)覽，并賦有《下(xia)菰(gu)長煙》詩：“坡陀(tuo)廢壘青山側(ce)，至今傳是(shi)春申宅。三(san)千劍履化為塵，蔓草蒼(cang)煙淡(dan)草瑟”，形(xing)象地描繪(hui)了當時(shi)這里(li)的荒涼景色。

兩(liang)千多(duo)年(nian)過去了，這座當年(nian)繁華(hua)一時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑廢圯已(yi)久(jiu)。現在除南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一段外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，其(qi)余各邊的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)殘壁依然存在。為(wei)中國東南名省古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址年(nian)代(dai)(dai)早保(bao)存為(wei)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)一座。是(shi)(shi)浙(zhe)江省重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兩(liang)圈，其(qi)平(ping)面(mian)像(xiang)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)均(jun)呈三角形(xing)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)積約二十平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻記載(zai)中的(de)(de)(de)“重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”；內(nei)圈位(wei)(wei)于外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)圈的(de)(de)(de)東南隅，面(mian)積約八萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻記載(zai)中“子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”即(ji)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)依山(shan)勢(shi)而建(jian)，當時(shi)燒(shao)磚技術尚(shang)未普及，內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均(jun)不用(yong)磚砌，而用(yong)泥夯筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，斷(duan)面(mian)呈梯(ti)形(xing)，上寬(kuan)3—5米(mi)，底(di)寬(kuan)20—30米(mi)，高達(da)6—9米(mi)不等(deng)。這個(ge)(ge)周長四(si)余里(li)的(de)(de)(de)下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)究竟筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于何時(shi)？有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)志(zhi)書認為(wei)是(shi)(shi)“楚春申君(jun)黃歇所筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”；也(ye)有(you)(you)說“今所謂下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者，蓋春申君(jun)伐吳(wu)時(shi)親壘屯駐之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，其(qi)四(si)壁間可證”，此(ci)均(jun)屬臆斷(duan)，不足為(wei)憑。下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中夾(jia)(jia)雜有(you)(you)印紋(wen)陶、原始(shi)春瓷和夾(jia)(jia)砂陶片(pian)等(deng)，印紋(wen)陶紋(wen)飾有(you)(you)云雷紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、拆線紋(wen)、組合紋(wen)等(deng)。附近山(shan)頂上還分布著(zhu)，當地群眾傳說是(shi)(shi)古代(dai)(dai)“烽(feng)火墩”的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（近年(nian)考(kao)古界又稱為(wei)土墩墓、石室墓），可以說這個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑的(de)(de)(de)始(shi)建(jian)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)約在春秋時(shi)期。

基本構造

位于(yu)(yu)浙江湖州市南郊金蓋(gai)山(shan)下(xia)，國家重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位。下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南臨東苕溪，北依(yi)金蓋(gai)山(shan)，是(shi)(shi)戰國時楚國菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)和(he)秦置(zhi)烏程縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)治，下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)溪澤，菰(gu)(gu)(gu)草彌望”故名(ming)，建于(yu)(yu)戰國楚考(kao)烈王十五年(nian)（前248）。下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國東南各(ge)省古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址中(zhong)年(nian)代(dai)早，保存完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)一座，下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩圈(quan)，外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（重(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）面(mian)(mian)積約20萬平方米(mi)(mi)；內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）位于(yu)(yu)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)東南隅，面(mian)(mian)積約8萬平方米(mi)(mi)。下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)均用(yong)黃土夯筑(zhu)，下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高6-9米(mi)(mi)不等(deng)，上部寬3-5米(mi)(mi)，底部寬20-30米(mi)(mi)，斷面(mian)(mian)呈梯形。附近(jin)山(shan)頂上分布著百(bai)姓傳說(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)“烽火墩“的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)，近(jin)代(dai)考(kao)古界稱為土墩墓、石室墓。現下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)有下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址紀念墻(qiang)，高3米(mi)(mi)，寬18米(mi)(mi)，用(yong)花崗巖砌成，上面(mian)(mian)刻有下(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)史。

所含文物

在下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)中夾雜有印(yin)紋陶、原始青瓷和夾砂(sha)陶片等(deng)；印(yin)紋陶有云(yun)雷(lei)紋、回(hui)紋、折線紋、組(zu)合紋等(deng)。附近山(shan)頂上還分布有傳(chuan)說的(de)“烽火(huo)墩(dun)”，據發掘(jue)為土墩(dun)墓、石室(shi)墓等(deng)。“城(cheng)(cheng)面溪澤(ze)，菰(gu)草彌(mi)漫”而得名的(de)下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)，地處湖州城(cheng)(cheng)南二十(shi)五(wu)里(li)的(de)云(yun)巢(chao)鄉窯(yao)頭(tou)村(cun)，北依金蓋山(shan)，南臨東苕溪，順流向(xiang)北約四十(shi)里(li)可達(da)太湖，有背(bei)山(shan)面水的(de)地理(li)環境。

價值

下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址位于(yu)浙(zhe)江省湖(hu)州市城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區道(dao)場鄉，建(jian)于(yu)春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)時期(qi)，是楚國(guo)春申君黃歇的封地。 下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣可(ke)分(fen)內外(wai)(wai)兩重(zhong)，平面(mian)均呈圓角(jiao)等(deng)邊(bian)三角(jiao)形。現存(cun)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣長約2000米，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址總面(mian)積(ji)達44萬平方米。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)居于(yu)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南角(jiao)，面(mian)積(ji)約16萬平方米。內、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣外(wai)(wai)側還有(you)30米寬的壕溝。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣均為泥(ni)土夯筑而成，現存(cun)內、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣各有(you)闕口多處，有(you)的可(ke)能為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)址。下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)口現新建(jian)了(le)一道(dao)紀念墻，上(shang)面(mian)銘(ming)刻下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要歷史.。

下菰城遺址(zhi)是浙江省(sheng)現存(cun)規模大、保存(cun)好的先秦古城址(zhi)，對其(qi)進行發(fa)掘和(he)研究，對研究先秦歷史提供珍貴的實物(wu)資料。

歷史文化

據文獻記(ji)載(zai)，下(xia)菰城(cheng)是楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)春申君(jun)黃歇(xie)(xie)的封地。黃歇(xie)(xie)是戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末年(nian)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的一個貴(gui)族。當(dang)時(shi)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)日益強大，開始(shi)征服六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的戰(zhan)爭。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王十分害怕(pa)，派黃歇(xie)(xie)出使(shi)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。他機(ji)智善辯，說服秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)把兵力引向北方的韓(han)、魏(wei)兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，尤其是他幫助(zhu)被扣押在(zai)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作人質的楚(chu)(chu)(chu)太(tai)子完逃(tao)出秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，為楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)立了(le)大功。公(gong)元前262年(nian)太(tai)子完登上楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王（即楚(chu)(chu)(chu)考烈(lie)王）寶(bao)座，黃歇(xie)(xie)被任命為令(ling)尹（楚(chu)(chu)(chu)相），并封為春申君(jun)，賜淮北地十二縣。他和齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的孟(meng)嘗君(jun)田文、魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的信(xin)陵君(jun)魏(wei)無忌和趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的平原(yuan)君(jun)趙(zhao)勝成為戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未年(nian)的四公(gong)子。但是，淮北地區和齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)領土鄰近，容易(yi)受(shou)到齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的威脅(xie)。公(gong)元前248年(nian)，黃歇(xie)(xie)就在(zai)江東建立他的領地統治(zhi)，并在(zai)今湖州的下(xia)菰城(cheng)的內外，建筑城(cheng)垣，設置了(le)菰城(cheng)縣，清同(tong)治(zhi)《湖州府(fu)志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai)：“青樓連延十里，城(cheng)內又有小城(cheng)……重城(cheng)屹然，略不(bu)聵毀，則知當(dang)時(shi)工役之興不(bu)茍矣！”。

遺址研究

下菰城(cheng)遺(yi)址尚(shang)未經過(guo)正式(shi)的(de)考(kao)古發掘，文物遺(yi)跡尚(shang)被掩(yan)埋在(zai)下面(mian)，但是在(zai)地表之上的(de)雜草叢中，偶爾仍可揀到鐮形(xing)的(de)石刀、石器和印紋陶罐(guan)殘片(pian)等物，多有春秋及以前的(de)文化遺(yi)物，因此，關(guan)于下菰城(cheng)的(de)真實面(mian)目，尚(shang)待正式(shi)考(kao)古發掘揭開。