芒果视频下载

文物遺存

下菰城(cheng)遺址地處湖(hu)州市(shi)南郊12．5公里云巢鄉窯頭村，為戰(zhan)國時(shi)楚(chu)春中(zhong)君(jun)黃歇封地。楚(chu)考烈工(gong)十五年(nian)(公元前(qian)248)黃歇在此置菰城(cheng)縣(xian)，距今已有(you)2200余年(nian)。菰城(cheng)得名(ming)于因“城(cheng)西溪澤我(wo)草彌望”，是湖(hu)州早(zao)的古城(cheng)址，為省級重點文物保護單位。

下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址坐(zuo)落在一(yi)個自北向南(nan)傾(qing)斜的山(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)，背(bei)倚和(he)尚山(shan)(shan)，東(dong)北靠近金(jin)蓋山(shan)(shan)。下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣分內外兩重，其中(zhong)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)略似圓角等邊二(er)角形(xing)，現(xian)存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣周(zhou)長(chang)約(yue)1800米。東(dong)北和(he)西北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)好，無南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內南(nan)隅(yu)，現(xian)存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣周(zhou)約(yue)1200米，除南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邁較(jiao)(jiao)殘(can)外，其余(yu)部分保(bao)存(cun)都較(jiao)(jiao)完(wan)好。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣一(yi)般高度(du)在9米左右，上(shang)部寬5-6米，底(di)部寬30米。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有闕口六，外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有闕口三。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣用黃土夯(hang)筑而成，較(jiao)(jiao)實。

在下菰城(cheng)的城(cheng)垣中夾雜(za)有(you)印(yin)紋(wen)陶、原始青瓷和夾砂陶片等；印(yin)紋(wen)陶有(you)云雷(lei)紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、折線紋(wen)、組(zu)合紋(wen)等。附近山(shan)頂上(shang)還分布有(you)傳說的“烽火墩”，據(ju)發掘為(wei)土墩墓、石室墓等。

下菰城遺(yi)址在(zai)(zai)(zai)云巢鄉的東南(nan)隅，西北(bei)倚和尚(shang)山，北(bei)面是金蓋山，東南(nan)臨東苕(tiao)溪，背山面水。距今約2000年。當時這(zhe)里(li)“起青(qing)樓連延十(shi)(shi)里(li)”，十(shi)(shi)分繁華。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)除南(nan)城垣(yuan)外(wai)(wai)，其余各邊的斷垣(yuan)殘壁依然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。城垣(yuan)分內(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)，皆橢圓略帶三(san)角(jiao)形。外(wai)(wai)圈(quan)(quan)面積約20萬(wan)平方米(mi)；內(nei)圈(quan)(quan)位于外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)的東南(nan)隅，面積約8萬(wan)平方米(mi)。由(you)于當時燒磚技術尚(shang)未(wei)普及，內(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)城垣(yuan)均不(bu)用磚砌(qi)，而是用黃土(tu)夯(hang)打筑實，高約9米(mi)。下菰城尚(shang)未(wei)經過正式考(kao)古發(fa)掘，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)遺(yi)址上仍可(ke)揀到鐮形刀和印陶罐殘片等戰國時代(dai)遺(yi)物。明代(dai)詩人張羽曾慕名來此(ci)游覽，并賦有《下菰長(chang)煙(yan)》詩：“坡陀廢壘青(qing)山側，至今傳是春申宅。三(san)千劍履化為塵(chen)，蔓(man)草蒼煙(yan)淡草瑟”，形象地描繪(hui)了當時這(zhe)里(li)的荒涼景色(se)。

兩(liang)千多年(nian)過去了，這(zhe)座當年(nian)繁華一(yi)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)廢圯已久。現在除南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)一(yi)段(duan)外(wai)，其(qi)余各(ge)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)殘壁依(yi)(yi)然存(cun)在。為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國東南名省古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址年(nian)代早保(bao)存(cun)為(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座。是(shi)(shi)浙江省重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)有(you)(you)內外(wai)兩(liang)圈，其(qi)平(ping)面(mian)像兩(liang)個均(jun)呈三角形。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)積約(yue)二十平(ping)方(fang)米，應是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)記載(zai)(zai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”；內圈位于外(wai)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)東南隅，面(mian)積約(yue)八萬平(ping)方(fang)米，應是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)記載(zai)(zai)中(zhong)“子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”即內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)依(yi)(yi)山勢而建，當時(shi)燒磚技術尚(shang)未普(pu)及，內外(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)均(jun)不(bu)用(yong)磚砌，而用(yong)泥夯筑，斷(duan)面(mian)呈梯形，上寬(kuan)3—5米，底寬(kuan)20—30米，高達6—9米不(bu)等(deng)。這(zhe)個周長四(si)余里的(de)(de)(de)(de)下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)究竟筑于何時(shi)？有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)志書認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)“楚(chu)春申(shen)君黃歇所(suo)筑”；也有(you)(you)說“今所(suo)謂下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者，蓋(gai)春申(shen)君伐吳時(shi)親壘屯(tun)駐之外(wai)，其(qi)四(si)壁間可證(zheng)”，此(ci)均(jun)屬(shu)臆(yi)斷(duan)，不(bu)足(zu)為(wei)(wei)憑。下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)中(zhong)夾(jia)雜有(you)(you)印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)陶、原始(shi)春瓷和(he)夾(jia)砂陶片等(deng)，印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)陶紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)有(you)(you)云雷紋(wen)(wen)、回紋(wen)(wen)、拆(chai)線紋(wen)(wen)、組合紋(wen)(wen)等(deng)。附近山頂上還分(fen)布(bu)著(zhu)，當地群眾傳說是(shi)(shi)古(gu)代“烽火墩(dun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑（近年(nian)考古(gu)界(jie)又稱為(wei)(wei)土(tu)墩(dun)墓、石(shi)室墓），可以說這(zhe)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)建年(nian)代約(yue)在春秋時(shi)期。

基本構造

位于浙江湖州市南(nan)郊金(jin)蓋山(shan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，國(guo)家重點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南(nan)臨東(dong)苕溪，北依金(jin)蓋山(shan)，是戰(zhan)國(guo)時楚國(guo)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣和(he)秦置烏程縣的(de)(de)縣治，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)溪澤(ze)，菰(gu)(gu)(gu)草彌(mi)望”故名，建于戰(zhan)國(guo)楚考(kao)烈王十五年（前248）。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)是中國(guo)東(dong)南(nan)各省古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)中年代早，保存完整的(de)(de)一(yi)座，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩圈，外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）面(mian)積約20萬平方米(mi)；內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）位于外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)東(dong)南(nan)隅，面(mian)積約8萬平方米(mi)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻均用黃土夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高6-9米(mi)不等，上部(bu)寬3-5米(mi)，底(di)部(bu)寬20-30米(mi)，斷面(mian)呈(cheng)梯形(xing)。附近山(shan)頂上分布著百姓(xing)傳說中的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)代“烽火墩“的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)，近代考(kao)古(gu)(gu)界稱為土墩墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)。現下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)(zhu)有下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)紀(ji)念墻，高3米(mi)，寬18米(mi)，用花崗巖砌成，上面(mian)刻有下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)悠久(jiu)歷史。

所含文物

在下菰(gu)城的(de)(de)城垣中夾雜有印紋(wen)(wen)(wen)陶、原始青瓷(ci)和夾砂(sha)陶片等；印紋(wen)(wen)(wen)陶有云(yun)雷(lei)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、回紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、折線(xian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、組合(he)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)等。附(fu)近山(shan)頂上還(huan)分(fen)布有傳說的(de)(de)“烽火墩”，據發掘為土(tu)墩墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)等。“城面(mian)溪(xi)澤(ze)，菰(gu)草彌漫”而得名的(de)(de)下菰(gu)城，地(di)處湖州城南(nan)二十五里的(de)(de)云(yun)巢(chao)鄉窯(yao)頭(tou)村，北(bei)依金蓋(gai)山(shan)，南(nan)臨東苕溪(xi)，順(shun)流向(xiang)北(bei)約四十里可達太湖，有背山(shan)面(mian)水的(de)(de)地(di)理環境。

價值

下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)位于(yu)浙江(jiang)省(sheng)湖州市城(cheng)(cheng)區道場鄉，建于(yu)春秋戰國時期(qi)，是楚國春申(shen)君黃歇的封地。 下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)垣可分內(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)重，平(ping)面(mian)均呈圓角等邊三角形。現(xian)存外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)垣長(chang)約2000米，城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)總面(mian)積達44萬平(ping)方米。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)居于(yu)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)東南角，面(mian)積約16萬平(ping)方米。內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)垣外(wai)(wai)側還有30米寬的壕溝(gou)。城(cheng)(cheng)垣均為泥土夯筑而(er)成，現(xian)存內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)垣各有闕口多(duo)處，有的可能為城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)址(zhi)。下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)口現(xian)新建了一道紀(ji)念墻，上(shang)面(mian)銘(ming)刻下(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)主要歷史.。

下(xia)菰城(cheng)遺址是浙江省現存(cun)規模(mo)大、保存(cun)好的先秦(qin)古城(cheng)址，對其進行發掘和研(yan)究，對研(yan)究先秦(qin)歷史提供珍貴的實物資料(liao)。

歷史文化

據(ju)文獻記載，下菰城(cheng)是楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)春申君(jun)(jun)黃(huang)歇(xie)(xie)的(de)封地(di)(di)。黃(huang)歇(xie)(xie)是戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)末年楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)一個貴族(zu)。當時秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)日益(yi)強大(da)，開始征服六國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)戰(zhan)爭。楚(chu)(chu)王十分(fen)害怕，派黃(huang)歇(xie)(xie)出(chu)使秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。他機智善辯，說服秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)把兵(bing)力(li)引(yin)向北方的(de)韓、魏(wei)(wei)兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)，尤其是他幫助被(bei)扣押在秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)作人質的(de)楚(chu)(chu)太子完逃出(chu)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，為(wei)(wei)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)立(li)了大(da)功。公元(yuan)前(qian)262年太子完登上楚(chu)(chu)王（即楚(chu)(chu)考烈(lie)王）寶(bao)座，黃(huang)歇(xie)(xie)被(bei)任命為(wei)(wei)令尹（楚(chu)(chu)相），并(bing)封為(wei)(wei)春申君(jun)(jun)，賜(si)淮(huai)(huai)北地(di)(di)十二縣。他和齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)孟嘗君(jun)(jun)田文、魏(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)信陵君(jun)(jun)魏(wei)(wei)無忌和趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)平原君(jun)(jun)趙(zhao)勝成為(wei)(wei)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)未年的(de)四公子。但是，淮(huai)(huai)北地(di)(di)區和齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)領(ling)土鄰近，容易受到齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)威(wei)脅。公元(yuan)前(qian)248年，黃(huang)歇(xie)(xie)就在江東建(jian)立(li)他的(de)領(ling)地(di)(di)統治，并(bing)在今湖州(zhou)的(de)下菰城(cheng)的(de)內外，建(jian)筑(zhu)城(cheng)垣，設置了菰城(cheng)縣，清(qing)同治《湖州(zhou)府志》記載：“青樓連延十里(li)，城(cheng)內又有(you)小城(cheng)……重城(cheng)屹然，略不(bu)聵毀，則知當時工役之興(xing)不(bu)茍(gou)矣！”。

遺址研究

下菰城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)尚未經過正(zheng)式的(de)(de)考古(gu)(gu)發掘，文物(wu)遺(yi)跡尚被掩埋在(zai)下面，但是(shi)在(zai)地表之上(shang)的(de)(de)雜(za)草叢中，偶爾仍可(ke)揀到鐮形(xing)的(de)(de)石(shi)刀、石(shi)器和印紋陶罐殘片等物(wu)，多有(you)春(chun)秋及以前的(de)(de)文化(hua)遺(yi)物(wu)，因(yin)此，關于下菰城(cheng)的(de)(de)真實面目，尚待(dai)正(zheng)式考古(gu)(gu)發掘揭開。