芒果视频下载

文物遺存

下菰城遺(yi)址地(di)處湖州市南郊12．5公(gong)里云(yun)巢(chao)鄉窯頭村，為戰國時楚春中君(jun)黃歇封地(di)。楚考(kao)烈工十五年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)248)黃歇在此置菰城縣，距今已有2200余(yu)年(nian)。菰城得名于因“城西(xi)溪澤我(wo)草彌(mi)望”，是湖州早的古城址，為省級重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei)。

下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址坐落(luo)在一(yi)個自北(bei)向南(nan)傾斜的山坡上(shang)，背倚和尚(shang)山，東(dong)北(bei)靠近金蓋(gai)山。下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣分(fen)(fen)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩重，其(qi)中外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)略似圓角等邊二角形，現(xian)存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣周長約1800米(mi)。東(dong)北(bei)和西(xi)北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣保存完(wan)好，無南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)南(nan)隅，現(xian)存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣周約1200米(mi)，除南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邁較(jiao)殘外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)余部分(fen)(fen)保存都較(jiao)完(wan)好。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣一(yi)般(ban)高度(du)在9米(mi)左右(you)，上(shang)部寬(kuan)5-6米(mi)，底部寬(kuan)30米(mi)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)闕口(kou)六，外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)闕口(kou)三。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣用(yong)黃土夯筑而成，較(jiao)實。

在下菰城(cheng)的城(cheng)垣中夾(jia)雜有印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)、原(yuan)始青瓷(ci)和夾(jia)砂陶(tao)(tao)片等(deng)；印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)有云雷紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、折線紋(wen)、組合紋(wen)等(deng)。附(fu)近山頂上還(huan)分布有傳說的“烽(feng)火墩(dun)”，據發掘為土(tu)墩(dun)墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)等(deng)。

下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)遺址在云巢鄉(xiang)的(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)隅(yu)，西北倚(yi)和(he)(he)尚(shang)(shang)山(shan)，北面(mian)是(shi)金(jin)蓋(gai)山(shan)，東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)臨東(dong)(dong)苕溪，背(bei)山(shan)面(mian)水。距今約2000年(nian)。當(dang)時這里(li)“起(qi)青樓連延十里(li)”，十分繁(fan)華。現(xian)在除南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)垣(yuan)外(wai)，其余各邊的(de)斷垣(yuan)殘壁依然存(cun)在。城(cheng)垣(yuan)分內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)，皆橢圓(yuan)略(lve)帶三角形(xing)。外(wai)圈(quan)(quan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約20萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)；內(nei)圈(quan)(quan)位于外(wai)兩(liang)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)隅(yu)，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約8萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。由于當(dang)時燒磚技術尚(shang)(shang)未普及，內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)垣(yuan)均不用磚砌，而是(shi)用黃土夯打筑實，高(gao)約9米(mi)(mi)。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)尚(shang)(shang)未經過正(zheng)式考(kao)古發掘，但在遺址上仍(reng)可揀到鐮形(xing)刀和(he)(he)印(yin)陶罐殘片等戰國(guo)時代遺物。明(ming)代詩(shi)人張羽曾慕名來此游(you)覽，并賦有《下(xia)菰(gu)長煙》詩(shi)：“坡陀廢壘青山(shan)側，至今傳是(shi)春(chun)申宅。三千劍履化(hua)為塵，蔓草蒼煙淡草瑟”，形(xing)象(xiang)地描(miao)繪了當(dang)時這里(li)的(de)荒涼景(jing)色(se)。

兩千多(duo)年過(guo)去了，這(zhe)座(zuo)當(dang)年繁華一(yi)時(shi)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑廢圯已久。現在除南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)一(yi)段外，其余各(ge)邊(bian)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)殘壁(bi)依然存在。為中(zhong)國東南名省(sheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址年代(dai)早保存為完整的(de)一(yi)座(zuo)。是(shi)(shi)浙江(jiang)省(sheng)重點(dian)文物保護單位。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)有(you)內外兩圈(quan)，其平面(mian)(mian)像兩個(ge)均(jun)呈三角形。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約二十平方米，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)文獻記(ji)載中(zhong)的(de)“重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”；內圈(quan)位于(yu)外圈(quan)的(de)東南隅，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約八萬平方米，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)文獻記(ji)載中(zhong)“子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”即內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)依山勢(shi)而建，當(dang)時(shi)燒磚技術尚未普及(ji)，內外兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)均(jun)不(bu)用磚砌(qi)，而用泥夯(hang)筑(zhu)，斷面(mian)(mian)呈梯(ti)形，上寬3—5米，底寬20—30米，高達6—9米不(bu)等(deng)。這(zhe)個(ge)周長(chang)四(si)余里(li)的(de)下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)究竟筑(zhu)于(yu)何時(shi)？有(you)的(de)志書認為是(shi)(shi)“楚春(chun)申(shen)君黃歇所筑(zhu)”；也有(you)說“今所謂下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)，蓋春(chun)申(shen)君伐吳時(shi)親壘屯駐之外，其四(si)壁(bi)間(jian)可(ke)證”，此均(jun)屬臆(yi)斷，不(bu)足(zu)為憑。下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)中(zhong)夾(jia)雜有(you)印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)、原(yuan)始(shi)春(chun)瓷和夾(jia)砂陶(tao)(tao)片等(deng)，印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)紋(wen)飾有(you)云雷紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、拆線紋(wen)、組合紋(wen)等(deng)。附近山頂上還分布著，當(dang)地群眾傳說是(shi)(shi)古代(dai)“烽火(huo)墩”的(de)建筑(zhu)（近年考古界又(you)稱為土墩墓、石室(shi)墓），可(ke)以說這(zhe)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑的(de)始(shi)建年代(dai)約在春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)期。

基本構造

位(wei)于(yu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)湖州市南郊金(jin)蓋山(shan)(shan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，國家重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南臨東(dong)苕溪(xi)，北依金(jin)蓋山(shan)(shan)，是(shi)戰(zhan)國時楚國菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)縣和秦置烏程(cheng)縣的縣治，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)因“城(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)溪(xi)澤，菰(gu)(gu)草彌望”故名，建(jian)于(yu)戰(zhan)國楚考(kao)(kao)烈王十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)（前248）。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)是(shi)中國東(dong)南各省古城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)中年(nian)代早，保存完整的一(yi)座，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內城(cheng)(cheng)外城(cheng)(cheng)兩圈，外城(cheng)(cheng)（重(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)）面(mian)積約(yue)20萬平方米(mi)(mi)；內城(cheng)(cheng)（子城(cheng)(cheng)）位(wei)于(yu)外城(cheng)(cheng)的東(dong)南隅，面(mian)積約(yue)8萬平方米(mi)(mi)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)均用(yong)黃土(tu)夯筑，下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高6-9米(mi)(mi)不等，上(shang)部寬(kuan)3-5米(mi)(mi)，底(di)部寬(kuan)20-30米(mi)(mi)，斷面(mian)呈梯形(xing)。附近山(shan)(shan)頂上(shang)分布著百姓傳說中的古代“烽(feng)火墩(dun)“的建(jian)筑，近代考(kao)(kao)古界稱為土(tu)墩(dun)墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)。現(xian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)內城(cheng)(cheng)筑有(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)紀念墻(qiang)，高3米(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi)，用(yong)花崗巖(yan)砌(qi)成，上(shang)面(mian)刻有(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)菰(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的悠久歷史。

所含文物

在下菰城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)中夾雜有印(yin)紋陶、原始(shi)青瓷和(he)夾砂陶片等；印(yin)紋陶有云雷紋、回紋、折線紋、組合紋等。附(fu)近山頂上還分布有傳說的(de)(de)“烽火墩(dun)”，據發掘為土墩(dun)墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)等。“城(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)溪澤，菰草彌(mi)漫”而得(de)名(ming)的(de)(de)下菰城(cheng)(cheng)，地(di)處湖州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)南二十五里的(de)(de)云巢鄉窯頭村，北依金蓋山，南臨(lin)東苕溪，順流(liu)向北約四十里可(ke)達太湖，有背(bei)山面(mian)水的(de)(de)地(di)理環境。

價值

下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址位于(yu)(yu)(yu)浙江省(sheng)湖州市城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區道場鄉，建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國時期，是楚國春(chun)申君黃歇(xie)的封地。 下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)可分(fen)內外(wai)(wai)(wai)兩重，平面(mian)均(jun)呈圓角等邊三角形。現(xian)存外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)約2000米(mi)(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址總面(mian)積(ji)達(da)44萬平方米(mi)(mi)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)居于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南角，面(mian)積(ji)約16萬平方米(mi)(mi)。內、外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)還(huan)有(you)30米(mi)(mi)寬的壕溝(gou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)均(jun)為(wei)泥土夯筑而(er)成，現(xian)存內、外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)各有(you)闕口(kou)多處，有(you)的可能(neng)為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門址。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門口(kou)現(xian)新建(jian)了(le)一道紀念墻，上面(mian)銘(ming)刻下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要歷(li)史.。

下菰城(cheng)遺址是(shi)浙江省現存規(gui)模大、保存好的先秦古城(cheng)址，對其進行發(fa)掘和研(yan)究(jiu)，對研(yan)究(jiu)先秦歷史提供珍貴的實物資料。

歷史文化

據文(wen)獻(xian)記(ji)載，下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)春(chun)申君黃歇(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封地。黃歇(xie)是戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)末(mo)年(nian)(nian)楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)貴族。當(dang)時(shi)秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)日(ri)益強(qiang)大(da)，開(kai)始征(zheng)服六國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭。楚(chu)王十分害怕，派(pai)黃歇(xie)出使秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。他機智(zhi)善辯(bian)，說服秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)把兵力引向北方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)韓、魏(wei)兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)，尤(you)其是他幫助(zhu)被(bei)扣押在秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)作人(ren)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)太子完逃出秦(qin)(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，為楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)立(li)了大(da)功。公(gong)元前262年(nian)(nian)太子完登上楚(chu)王（即楚(chu)考烈(lie)王）寶座，黃歇(xie)被(bei)任命為令尹（楚(chu)相(xiang)），并封為春(chun)申君，賜淮北地十二縣(xian)。他和齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孟(meng)嘗君田文(wen)、魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信陵君魏(wei)無(wu)忌和趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平原君趙勝成為戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)未年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)公(gong)子。但是，淮北地區和齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)領土鄰近，容易(yi)受到齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅(xie)。公(gong)元前248年(nian)(nian)，黃歇(xie)就在江東(dong)建立(li)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領地統治，并在今湖州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內外，建筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣，設(she)置了菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)，清(qing)同治《湖州府志(zhi)》記(ji)載：“青樓連延十里，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內又有小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)……重(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屹(yi)然，略(lve)不(bu)聵(kui)毀，則知當(dang)時(shi)工役之(zhi)興(xing)不(bu)茍矣！”。

遺址研究

下(xia)菰城遺址尚未經過(guo)正(zheng)式的(de)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發掘(jue)，文(wen)物遺跡尚被(bei)掩(yan)埋在(zai)(zai)下(xia)面，但是在(zai)(zai)地表之(zhi)上(shang)的(de)雜草(cao)叢中，偶爾仍可揀到鐮形(xing)的(de)石(shi)刀、石(shi)器和印紋(wen)陶(tao)罐殘(can)片等物，多有春秋及以前(qian)的(de)文(wen)化遺物，因此，關于(yu)下(xia)菰城的(de)真(zhen)實面目(mu)，尚待正(zheng)式考(kao)(kao)古(gu)發掘(jue)揭(jie)開。