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基本介紹

世(shi)(shi)德(de)堂(tang)是(shi)(shi)蘭溪地區最具(ju)宋元(yuan)風格的(de)(de)(de)木構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑，其正(zheng)廳檐下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)單抄(chao)雙下(xia)昂六鋪(pu)作(zuo)和內槽(cao)三疊(die)梁等都是(shi)(shi)當地古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)罕(han)見孤例，1997年該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑被公布為浙江(jiang)省文(wen)物保護單位。譜載(zai)世(shi)(shi)德(de)堂(tang)是(shi)(shi)為祭祀三泉人(ren)唐元(yuan)章(zhang)、唐良嗣(si)兩(liang)位南(nan)宋抗元(yuan)名(ming)將而建(jian)(jian)(jian)，南(nan)宋德(de)祐二(er)年(1276年)唐氏叔(shu)侄二(er)人(ren)率兵大敗元(yuan)軍(jun)于蘭溪黃湓(pen)灘(tan)，朝廷(ting)加元(yuan)章(zhang)朝請大夫，命知嚴州，加良嗣(si)閣門宣贊武(wu)翼將軍(jun)、江(jiang)淮閩(min)浙都統兵馬使，兩(liang)年后分別戰(zhan)死在龍游白(bai)云寺和江(jiang)山仙霞嶺，宋丞相文(wen)天祥為其題寫的(de)(de)(de)“正(zheng)氣千(qian)秋(qiu)”、勅封“武(wu)翼將軍(jun)”兩(liang)古(gu)匾一(yi)直保留于世(shi)(shi)德(de)堂(tang)，所以民間有世(shi)(shi)德(de)堂(tang)為宋元(yuan)遺構(gou)之(zhi)說(shuo)。

2005年世德(de)堂維修(xiu)期(qi)間(jian)，“狀(zhuang)元(yuan)及第”（明(ming)嘉靖庚戌殿試第一甲第一名唐汝楫立(li)）、“翰林學士”（宋天(tian)圣翰林唐滿立(li)）、勅封(feng)“溫(wen)國公(gong)”（宋戶(hu)部侍郎唐恪立(li)）、特賜(si)“成忠郎”（宋鄧州都司唐堯卿立(li)）等宋明(ming)豎匾(bian)也得到修(xiu)整，另有幾十(shi)塊毀于“文革”的(de)橫匾(bian)也因當年一位睿(rui)智老人的(de)偷偷摘抄(chao)而(er)重見天(tian)日(ri)于盛世。那些標榜著宗族榮耀的(de)文字(zi)多(duo)少會有炫耀和教化的(de)動(dong)機，但無疑也是唐氏后裔的(de)精(jing)神氣質所在。

世德(de)堂俗稱將士(shi)廳(ting)，坐北朝南偏東45°左右，總(zong)體為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)兩(liang)天井合(he)(he)院式(shi)(shi)，依(yi)次有(you)(you)照壁(bi)(bi)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)廳(ting)、正(zheng)廳(ting)、后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)、廂廊(lang)、夾弄等(deng)(deng)組成(cheng)。現存(cun)磚(zhuan)雕門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)嘉(jia)靖年間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)造，四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)樓(lou)(lou)牌坊式(shi)(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)脊有(you)(you)寶瓶、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)戟、獅(shi)子和(he)魚龍吻獸等(deng)(deng)吉祥飾物，正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)下書“東魯(lu)”二(er)字(zi)，意為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不忘山(shan)東先祖(zu)，額(e)枋上(shang)有(you)(you)高浮雕的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)獅(shi)戲球、麒麟、牡丹(dan)等(deng)(deng)，各檐出(chu)(chu)跳仿木五(wu)踩計(ji)(ji)心斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)十二(er)攢，部分施象鼻昂，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)眼壁(bi)(bi)等(deng)(deng)處有(you)(you)彩畫。樓(lou)(lou)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石庫門(men)(men)，有(you)(you)泡釘，兩(liang)旁(pang)設(she)抱鼓石和(he)旗(qi)桿石。門(men)(men)廳(ting)面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)九檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)雙(shuang)(shuang)步(bu)(bu)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，磚(zhuan)制仿木梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)檐在清(qing)道(dao)光二(er)十年（1840年）拆(chai)改出(chu)(chu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)檐歇山(shan)頂固(gu)定式(shi)(shi)戲臺，檐下撐(cheng)托獅(shi)子牛腿，該進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑在3年前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大修中更(geng)換了較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)大木構件。戲臺正(zheng)對(dui)正(zheng)廳(ting)，兩(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)廂廊(lang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍合(he)(he)天井。正(zheng)廳(ting)面(mian)(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)才粗(cu)壯，結(jie)構奇巧，在當地(di)有(you)(you)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮之稱。前(qian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭和(he)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)抄雙(shuang)(shuang)下昂六鋪作共(gong)十朵（其中補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)朵），單(dan)(dan)(dan)材(cai)重(zhong)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)計(ji)(ji)心造，昂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)琴(qin)面(mian)(mian)昂，整(zheng)體與(yu)宋元官式(shi)(shi)做法相(xiang)似，但補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作無(wu)后(hou)(hou)尾，顯然以裝飾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、受力為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔。前(qian)廊(lang)五(wu)檁(lin)，用(yong)(yong)覆水椽，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構，單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扁作月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭無(wu)雕飾，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節點處用(yong)(yong)足(zu)材(cai)丁頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)，騎栿拱(gong)(gong)(gong)順檁(lin)方(fang)向出(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)跳足(zu)材(cai)，坐斗(dou)(dou)(dou)下用(yong)(yong)駝(tuo)峰。內槽七(qi)檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相(xiang)疊加(jia)成(cheng)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)疊梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插(cha)入(ru)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)，櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)圓形，出(chu)(chu)十字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、蟬肚替木等(deng)(deng)承(cheng)托梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿。所有(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)騎栿拱(gong)(gong)(gong)（十字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)）承(cheng)托，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山(shan)縫抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，中柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落地(di)，兩(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)(shuang)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊加(jia)，風格與(yu)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)取得(de)統一。后(hou)(hou)廊(lang)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)。后(hou)(hou)檐額(e)及內額(e)施一斗(dou)(dou)(dou)九升的(de)(de)(de)(de)扶壁(bi)(bi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。除西(xi)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)廊(lang)有(you)(you)石柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)外均(jun)用(yong)(yong)木柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)顯，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鼓狀柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎，其余為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礩形柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎。根(gen)(gen)據正(zheng)廳(ting)大木分析，專家斷(duan)代為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元末(mo)明(ming)初建(jian)(jian)筑。后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)末(mo)添建(jian)(jian)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)搭(da)廂式(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)房為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐樓(lou)(lou)屋，樓(lou)(lou)下明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)構，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)四(si)扇(shan)五(wu)抹(mo)隔(ge)扇(shan)門(men)(men)，前(qian)廊(lang)出(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)檁(lin)，青石抹(mo)角方(fang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)只人物動物牛腿為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)年被盜后(hou)(hou)重(zhong)新復制，兩(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)山(shan)墻(qiang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)木梯可登樓(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)草架(jia)(jia)(jia)，用(yong)(yong)七(qi)檁(lin)，前(qian)檐有(you)(you)樸素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壺(hu)嘴形撐(cheng)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)存(cun)有(you)(you)供奉祖(zu)先牌位的(de)(de)(de)(de)神櫥(chu)，小木作較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)考究(jiu)。