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基本介紹

世(shi)德(de)堂是(shi)(shi)蘭(lan)溪地(di)區最具宋(song)元(yuan)風格的(de)木構建筑(zhu)，其正廳檐下的(de)單抄雙下昂六鋪作和內槽三(san)疊梁等都是(shi)(shi)當地(di)古建的(de)罕(han)見孤例，1997年該建筑(zhu)被公(gong)布為(wei)浙江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。譜載(zai)世(shi)德(de)堂是(shi)(shi)為(wei)祭祀三(san)泉人(ren)唐(tang)元(yuan)章、唐(tang)良嗣兩位南宋(song)抗元(yuan)名將而建，南宋(song)德(de)祐二年(1276年)唐(tang)氏(shi)叔侄二人(ren)率兵大敗元(yuan)軍于蘭(lan)溪黃湓灘，朝廷(ting)加元(yuan)章朝請大夫，命知嚴州，加良嗣閣(ge)門宣贊武(wu)翼將軍、江(jiang)(jiang)淮閩(min)浙都統兵馬使，兩年后分別戰死在(zai)龍游白云寺和江(jiang)(jiang)山仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)，宋(song)丞相文天祥(xiang)為(wei)其題寫的(de)“正氣千秋”、勅(chi)封“武(wu)翼將軍”兩古匾一直保(bao)留于世(shi)德(de)堂，所(suo)以(yi)民間有世(shi)德(de)堂為(wei)宋(song)元(yuan)遺構之說(shuo)。

2005年(nian)世(shi)德堂維修期(qi)間，“狀元及第”（明嘉靖庚(geng)戌殿試第一甲(jia)第一名唐汝楫立(li)(li)）、“翰(han)林學(xue)士”（宋(song)天(tian)圣翰(han)林唐滿立(li)(li)）、勅封“溫國公”（宋(song)戶部侍郎(lang)唐恪(ke)立(li)(li)）、特賜“成忠郎(lang)”（宋(song)鄧州都司唐堯卿立(li)(li)）等宋(song)明豎匾(bian)也得到修整，另有幾十塊毀于“文革”的橫(heng)匾(bian)也因當年(nian)一位睿智(zhi)老人的偷(tou)偷(tou)摘抄而重(zhong)見天(tian)日于盛(sheng)世(shi)。那些標榜(bang)著宗族榮耀的文字多少會有炫(xuan)耀和(he)教化的動(dong)機，但(dan)無疑也是唐氏(shi)后裔的精神(shen)氣(qi)質(zhi)所(suo)在。

世德堂(tang)俗稱將士廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，坐北(bei)朝南偏東45°左右，總體為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)進(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)天井合(he)(he)院式(shi)(shi)，依次(ci)有(you)(you)(you)照壁(bi)(bi)(bi)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、后廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、廂廊(lang)(lang)、夾弄(nong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)。現(xian)存磚雕門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖年間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)，四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)樓(lou)(lou)牌坊(fang)式(shi)(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)脊有(you)(you)(you)寶瓶、三(san)戟、獅子和魚龍吻獸等(deng)(deng)(deng)吉祥飾(shi)(shi)物(wu)，正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)書“東魯”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)，意為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不忘山(shan)東先(xian)祖，額枋上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)高浮雕的(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)獅戲(xi)球、麒(qi)麟、牡丹等(deng)(deng)(deng)，各(ge)檐出(chu)跳仿(fang)木(mu)五(wu)(wu)踩計心斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)共十二攢，部(bu)分(fen)施象鼻昂，拱(gong)(gong)眼(yan)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)處有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)畫(hua)。樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)庫門(men)(men)，有(you)(you)(you)泡(pao)釘，兩(liang)(liang)旁設抱鼓(gu)石(shi)(shi)和旗(qi)桿石(shi)(shi)。門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面闊(kuo)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)九檁(lin)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對前(qian)(qian)(qian)后雙(shuang)(shuang)步(bu)，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，磚制(zhi)仿(fang)木(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后檐在清道(dao)光二十年（1840年）拆改出(chu)單(dan)檐歇(xie)山(shan)頂(ding)固定式(shi)(shi)戲(xi)臺，檐下(xia)撐托(tuo)獅子牛(niu)腿，該進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑在3年前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)大修中更換了較多(duo)的(de)(de)大木(mu)構(gou)件。戲(xi)臺正(zheng)對正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)(liang)旁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廂廊(lang)(lang)各(ge)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍(wei)合(he)(he)天井。正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面闊(kuo)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)才粗壯，結(jie)構(gou)奇巧，在當地有(you)(you)(you)民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮(gong)之稱。前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)和補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)單(dan)抄(chao)雙(shuang)(shuang)下(xia)昂六鋪作共十朵（其中補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)兩(liang)(liang)朵），單(dan)材(cai)重拱(gong)(gong)計心造(zao)(zao)，昂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)琴面昂，整(zheng)體與宋元官式(shi)(shi)做法相(xiang)似，但補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作無后尾，顯(xian)然以(yi)裝飾(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主、受力為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔。前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)五(wu)(wu)檁(lin)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)覆水椽，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)，單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和五(wu)(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扁作月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造(zao)(zao)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou)無雕飾(shi)(shi)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)節點處用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)足(zu)材(cai)丁頭(tou)拱(gong)(gong)，騎栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)(gong)順檁(lin)方(fang)向出(chu)三(san)跳足(zu)材(cai)，坐斗(dou)(dou)(dou)下(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)駝峰。內槽七檁(lin)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)，三(san)架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相(xiang)疊加成(cheng)“三(san)疊梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七架梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)(qian)(qian)后金柱(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)，櫨斗(dou)(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形(xing)，出(chu)十字(zi)(zi)(zi)拱(gong)(gong)、蟬肚替(ti)木(mu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)承托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)。所有(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)騎栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)(gong)（十字(zi)(zi)(zi)拱(gong)(gong)）承托(tuo)，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山(shan)縫抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，中柱(zhu)(zhu)落地，兩(liang)(liang)旁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)(shuang)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和三(san)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊加，風格與明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架取(qu)得統一。后廊(lang)(lang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)。后檐額及內額施一斗(dou)(dou)(dou)九升(sheng)的(de)(de)扶壁(bi)(bi)(bi)拱(gong)(gong)和襻(pan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)。除西次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)根外均用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)金柱(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)狀柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)，其余為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礩形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)。根據正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)大木(mu)分(fen)析，專家斷代(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元末明(ming)(ming)(ming)初建(jian)筑。后廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清末添建(jian)，三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)搭廂式(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)房為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐樓(lou)(lou)屋(wu)，樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)構(gou)，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)扇(shan)五(wu)(wu)抹(mo)隔扇(shan)門(men)(men)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)出(chu)三(san)檁(lin)，青石(shi)(shi)抹(mo)角方(fang)柱(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)只人物(wu)動物(wu)牛(niu)腿為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近年被盜后重新復制(zhi)，兩(liang)(liang)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架與山(shan)墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)梯可登樓(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)草架，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七檁(lin)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐有(you)(you)(you)樸素的(de)(de)壺(hu)嘴形(xing)撐拱(gong)(gong)。后廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)存有(you)(you)(you)供奉祖先(xian)牌位(wei)的(de)(de)神(shen)櫥，小木(mu)作較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)考究。