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基本介紹

世德(de)堂(tang)是蘭溪地區最具宋元(yuan)風(feng)格的(de)木構(gou)(gou)建筑(zhu)，其正(zheng)廳檐下的(de)單抄(chao)雙(shuang)下昂六鋪作(zuo)和內槽三(san)疊梁等都是當(dang)地古建的(de)罕見(jian)孤(gu)例(li)，1997年(nian)該建筑(zhu)被公(gong)布為浙(zhe)江省文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。譜載世德(de)堂(tang)是為祭祀三(san)泉(quan)人唐元(yuan)章(zhang)、唐良(liang)(liang)嗣(si)兩位南(nan)宋抗元(yuan)名將(jiang)(jiang)而建，南(nan)宋德(de)祐二年(nian)(1276年(nian))唐氏叔侄二人率兵大敗元(yuan)軍(jun)于(yu)蘭溪黃(huang)湓灘，朝(chao)廷加元(yuan)章(zhang)朝(chao)請(qing)大夫，命知嚴州(zhou)，加良(liang)(liang)嗣(si)閣(ge)門宣贊武(wu)翼將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、江淮閩浙(zhe)都統兵馬使，兩年(nian)后分別(bie)戰死在龍游白(bai)云(yun)寺(si)和江山仙霞(xia)嶺，宋丞相文(wen)天(tian)祥為其題寫的(de)“正(zheng)氣千秋”、勅封“武(wu)翼將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)”兩古匾一直保(bao)留于(yu)世德(de)堂(tang)，所以民間有(you)世德(de)堂(tang)為宋元(yuan)遺構(gou)(gou)之(zhi)說。

2005年(nian)(nian)世(shi)德堂維(wei)修期(qi)間，“狀元及第”（明嘉靖庚戌(xu)殿試第一(yi)甲(jia)第一(yi)名(ming)唐(tang)(tang)汝楫立(li)）、“翰(han)林(lin)學士”（宋天圣翰(han)林(lin)唐(tang)(tang)滿立(li)）、勅(chi)封“溫(wen)國公”（宋戶部侍郎唐(tang)(tang)恪(ke)立(li)）、特賜(si)“成忠郎”（宋鄧州都司唐(tang)(tang)堯卿立(li)）等宋明豎匾也(ye)得(de)到修整，另(ling)有幾十(shi)塊毀于“文革”的(de)橫匾也(ye)因當年(nian)(nian)一(yi)位(wei)睿智老人的(de)偷偷摘抄而重(zhong)見(jian)天日于盛世(shi)。那些(xie)標榜著宗族榮(rong)耀的(de)文字多少(shao)會有炫(xuan)耀和教化(hua)的(de)動機，但(dan)無疑也(ye)是唐(tang)(tang)氏后(hou)裔的(de)精神(shen)氣質所在(zai)。

世德堂(tang)俗(su)稱將士廳(ting)(ting)，坐北朝(chao)南偏東45°左(zuo)右，總體(ti)為三(san)(san)(san)(san)進兩(liang)(liang)天井合(he)(he)院式(shi)(shi)，依次有(you)(you)(you)照(zhao)壁(bi)、門(men)樓、門(men)廳(ting)(ting)、正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)、廂(xiang)(xiang)廊(lang)、夾弄等組成。現存磚雕門(men)樓為明(ming)(ming)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)造，四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)樓牌坊式(shi)(shi)，樓脊有(you)(you)(you)寶瓶(ping)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)戟、獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)和(he)(he)魚龍吻獸(shou)等吉祥飾物，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)樓下(xia)(xia)(xia)書“東魯”二字(zi)，意為不忘山(shan)(shan)東先(xian)祖，額(e)枋(fang)上有(you)(you)(you)高浮雕的雙(shuang)獅(shi)(shi)戲球、麒麟(lin)、牡(mu)丹等，各檐(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)跳仿木(mu)五(wu)(wu)踩計心斗(dou)拱共十(shi)二攢，部分(fen)施(shi)象鼻昂，拱眼壁(bi)等處有(you)(you)(you)彩畫(hua)。樓下(xia)(xia)(xia)為石(shi)(shi)庫門(men)，有(you)(you)(you)泡釘，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)設抱鼓(gu)(gu)石(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)旗桿石(shi)(shi)。門(men)廳(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深九檁，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)雙(shuang)步(bu)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，磚制仿木(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)(zai)清道光二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)（1840年(nian)(nian)）拆(chai)改出(chu)單(dan)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂固定式(shi)(shi)戲臺，檐(yan)(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)撐(cheng)托(tuo)獅(shi)(shi)子(zi)牛(niu)腿，該進建(jian)(jian)筑在(zai)(zai)3年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的大(da)修(xiu)中(zhong)更換了較多的大(da)木(mu)構(gou)件。戲臺正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對(dui)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)廂(xiang)(xiang)廊(lang)各三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍(wei)合(he)(he)天井。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)才粗壯，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)奇(qi)巧，在(zai)(zai)當地有(you)(you)(you)民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮之稱。前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)和(he)(he)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)單(dan)抄雙(shuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)昂六鋪作(zuo)共十(shi)朵（其中(zhong)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)(liang)朵），單(dan)材重(zhong)拱計心造，昂為琴面(mian)昂，整體(ti)與宋元(yuan)官式(shi)(shi)做法相(xiang)似，但補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)無(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)尾，顯(xian)然以裝(zhuang)飾為主、受(shou)力(li)為輔。前(qian)廊(lang)五(wu)(wu)檁，用(yong)(yong)(yong)覆(fu)水椽(chuan)，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)為抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)五(wu)(wu)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均為扁作(zuo)月(yue)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou)無(wu)雕飾，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)節點(dian)處用(yong)(yong)(yong)足材丁頭(tou)拱，騎栿拱順(shun)檁方(fang)向出(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)跳足材，坐斗(dou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)駝峰(feng)。內槽七(qi)檁，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)(wu)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七(qi)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相(xiang)疊(die)加成“三(san)(san)(san)(san)疊(die)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七(qi)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)，櫨斗(dou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形，出(chu)十(shi)字(zi)拱、蟬肚替木(mu)等承托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿。所有(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均用(yong)(yong)(yong)騎栿拱（十(shi)字(zi)拱）承托(tuo)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山(shan)(shan)縫抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)混合(he)(he)式(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)落地，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)三(san)(san)(san)(san)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊(die)加，風(feng)格與明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)取得統(tong)一。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廊(lang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)步(bu)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)額(e)及內額(e)施(shi)一斗(dou)九升的扶壁(bi)拱和(he)(he)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱。除(chu)西(xi)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)廊(lang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)根外均用(yong)(yong)(yong)木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)(si)金柱(zhu)(zhu)為鼓(gu)(gu)狀柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)，其余為礩形柱(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)。根據(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)大(da)木(mu)分(fen)析(xi)，專家斷代為元(yuan)末明(ming)(ming)初(chu)建(jian)(jian)筑。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)為清末添建(jian)(jian)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)搭廂(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)房為重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)樓屋，樓下(xia)(xia)(xia)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)(si)扇五(wu)(wu)抹(mo)隔扇門(men)，前(qian)廊(lang)出(chu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)檁，青石(shi)(shi)抹(mo)角方(fang)柱(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)(si)只人(ren)物動物牛(niu)腿為近(jin)年(nian)(nian)被盜后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)重(zhong)新(xin)復制，兩(liang)(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)與山(shan)(shan)墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)梯可登(deng)樓，樓上草架(jia)(jia)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)檁，前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)樸素的壺(hu)嘴形撐(cheng)拱。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)存有(you)(you)(you)供奉祖先(xian)牌位(wei)的神櫥，小木(mu)作(zuo)較為考(kao)究(jiu)。