世德(de)堂是(shi)(shi)蘭溪(xi)地區最具宋元風格的(de)(de)木構建筑,其(qi)正廳(ting)檐下的(de)(de)單(dan)抄雙下昂六(liu)鋪作和(he)內(nei)槽三疊梁等都是(shi)(shi)當地古(gu)建的(de)(de)罕見孤例,1997年該建筑被公布為浙江(jiang)省文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位。譜載世德(de)堂是(shi)(shi)為祭祀三泉(quan)人唐(tang)元章、唐(tang)良嗣兩位南(nan)宋抗元名將(jiang)(jiang)而建,南(nan)宋德(de)祐二年(1276年)唐(tang)氏(shi)叔侄二人率兵大敗元軍(jun)(jun)于蘭溪(xi)黃湓(pen)灘,朝廷加元章朝請大夫,命知嚴州,加良嗣閣門宣贊(zan)武翼將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、江(jiang)淮(huai)閩(min)浙都統(tong)兵馬使(shi),兩年后分別戰死在龍游白云寺和(he)江(jiang)山仙霞嶺(ling),宋丞相(xiang)文(wen)天祥為其(qi)題寫的(de)(de)“正氣千(qian)秋”、勅封“武翼將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)”兩古(gu)匾一直保留于世德(de)堂,所以民間(jian)有世德(de)堂為宋元遺構之(zhi)說。
2005年(nian)(nian)世(shi)德堂維修(xiu)期間,“狀元及第(di)”(明嘉靖(jing)庚戌殿(dian)試第(di)一甲第(di)一名唐汝楫立)、“翰林學士”(宋天圣翰林唐滿立)、勅(chi)封“溫(wen)國公”(宋戶部侍(shi)郎唐恪(ke)立)、特賜“成忠郎”(宋鄧州都(dou)司唐堯(yao)卿立)等(deng)宋明豎(shu)匾也(ye)得到修(xiu)整(zheng),另(ling)有幾十塊毀于“文(wen)(wen)革”的橫匾也(ye)因當年(nian)(nian)一位(wei)睿智老人的偷偷摘(zhai)抄而重(zhong)見(jian)天日于盛世(shi)。那(nei)些(xie)標榜(bang)著宗族(zu)榮耀的文(wen)(wen)字多少會(hui)有炫(xuan)耀和教化的動機,但無疑也(ye)是唐氏后裔(yi)的精神氣質(zhi)所在。
世德堂(tang)俗稱(cheng)將士廳,坐(zuo)北朝南偏東45°左右,總體(ti)為(wei)三(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)天井合(he)院式(shi),依次(ci)有照壁、門(men)樓(lou)、門(men)廳、正(zheng)(zheng)廳、后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳、廂廊(lang)(lang)、夾弄(nong)等(deng)(deng)組成。現存(cun)磚雕門(men)樓(lou)為(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建造(zao),四柱(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)樓(lou)牌坊(fang)式(shi),樓(lou)脊有寶(bao)瓶、三(san)戟、獅子和(he)魚龍吻獸等(deng)(deng)吉祥飾物(wu),正(zheng)(zheng)樓(lou)下(xia)(xia)書“東魯”二(er)字(zi)(zi),意為(wei)不(bu)忘山東先(xian)祖,額(e)枋(fang)上有高浮雕的雙獅戲(xi)球(qiu)、麒麟、牡丹等(deng)(deng),各檐(yan)出跳(tiao)仿木(mu)(mu)五(wu)踩計心斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)共十(shi)(shi)二(er)攢,部分施象鼻昂,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)眼壁等(deng)(deng)處有彩畫(hua)。樓(lou)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)庫門(men),有泡釘,兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)設抱(bao)鼓(gu)石(shi)(shi)和(he)旗桿(gan)石(shi)(shi)。門(men)廳面闊(kuo)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深九檁(lin)(lin)(lin),明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)對前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)雙步(bu)(bu),次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)混合(he)式(shi),磚制仿木(mu)(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia),明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)在清道光(guang)二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(1840年(nian))拆改出單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)山頂固定式(shi)戲(xi)臺(tai),檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)撐托獅子牛(niu)腿,該(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)建筑在3年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的大(da)(da)修中(zhong)更換了較多(duo)的大(da)(da)木(mu)(mu)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)。戲(xi)臺(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)對正(zheng)(zheng)廳,兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廂廊(lang)(lang)各三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍合(he)天井。正(zheng)(zheng)廳面闊(kuo)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)才粗壯(zhuang),結(jie)構(gou)(gou)奇巧,在當地有民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮之稱(cheng)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭和(he)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出單(dan)(dan)抄雙下(xia)(xia)昂六(liu)鋪作(zuo)共十(shi)(shi)朵(其中(zhong)補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)(liang)朵),單(dan)(dan)材重拱(gong)(gong)(gong)計心造(zao),昂為(wei)琴面昂,整體(ti)與(yu)宋元(yuan)官(guan)式(shi)做法(fa)相似(si),但補(bu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)無后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)尾(wei),顯然以裝飾為(wei)主、受力為(wei)輔。前(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)五(wu)檁(lin)(lin)(lin),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)覆水椽,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),單(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、三(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)為(wei)扁(bian)作(zuo)月梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)造(zao),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)頭無雕飾,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)節點處用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)足(zu)材丁頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong),騎栿拱(gong)(gong)(gong)順檁(lin)(lin)(lin)方向(xiang)出三(san)跳(tiao)足(zu)材,坐(zuo)斗(dou)(dou)下(xia)(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)駝峰。內槽七(qi)檁(lin)(lin)(lin),明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),三(san)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)互相疊加(jia)成“三(san)疊梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”,七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)(dou),櫨斗(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形(xing),出十(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、蟬肚替木(mu)(mu)等(deng)(deng)承托梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿。所有梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)栿間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)騎栿拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(十(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong))承托,次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山縫抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)穿斗(dou)(dou)混合(he)式(shi),中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)落地,兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)三(san)步(bu)(bu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)疊加(jia),風格與(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)取得統一(yi)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廊(lang)(lang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)步(bu)(bu)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)檐(yan)額(e)及內額(e)施一(yi)斗(dou)(dou)九升的扶壁拱(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。除西次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)有石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)根外均(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu),梭柱(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯,明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)、四金柱(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)鼓(gu)狀柱(zhu)(zhu)礎,其余為(wei)礩形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)礎。根據正(zheng)(zheng)廳大(da)(da)木(mu)(mu)分析(xi),專家斷代為(wei)元(yuan)末(mo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)初(chu)建筑。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳為(wei)清末(mo)添建,三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)搭廂式(shi),正(zheng)(zheng)房(fang)為(wei)重檐(yan)樓(lou)屋,樓(lou)下(xia)(xia)明(ming)(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四扇五(wu)抹(mo)隔(ge)扇門(men),前(qian)(qian)廊(lang)(lang)出三(san)檁(lin)(lin)(lin),青(qing)石(shi)(shi)抹(mo)角方柱(zhu)(zhu),四只人(ren)物(wu)動物(wu)牛(niu)腿為(wei)近年(nian)被盜后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)重新復制,兩(liang)(liang)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)山墻(qiang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有木(mu)(mu)梯可(ke)登樓(lou),樓(lou)上草架(jia)(jia)(jia),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)檁(lin)(lin)(lin),前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)有樸素的壺嘴形(xing)撐拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)廳存(cun)有供奉祖先(xian)牌位的神櫥,小木(mu)(mu)作(zuo)較為(wei)考究。