唐以前,講武城遺址稱(cheng)武城。
宋代以后,武(wu)城(cheng)改(gai)稱講武(wu)城(cheng)。
1958年,在講武城遺址火車站(zhan)附近進(jin)行(xing)部分發掘(jue)。
講武城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi),位于河北(bei)(bei)省邯(han)鄲市磁縣城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)漳(zhang)河北(bei)(bei)岸講武城(cheng)(cheng)村西(xi)面(mian)和(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian),南(nan)(nan)(nan)達鄭(zheng)衛,北(bei)(bei)通燕趙,原是南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長,東(dong)西(xi)窄(zhai),因南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)被(bei)漳(zhang)河沖毀,殘存遺(yi)址(zhi)則(ze)相反為東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)窄(zhai);南(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)被(bei)漳(zhang)水沖沒(mei),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)與東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)各被(bei)沖毀一(yi)部(bu)分,北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)還有(you)7段(duan),遺(yi)址(zhi)墻(qiang)基寬(kuan)為17-26米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)體寬(kuan)處大約有(you)9米(mi)(mi),窄(zhai)處僅有(you)3-4米(mi)(mi),高處近9米(mi)(mi);從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)的東(dong)北(bei)(bei)角至西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角長1169米(mi)(mi),東(dong)墻(qiang)殘存200米(mi)(mi),西(xi)墻(qiang)尚(shang)存920米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)址(zhi)殘高2-9米(mi)(mi),上寬(kuan)6.5米(mi)(mi),均為黃土堆積而成,在(zai)土層中間(jian)散落著很(hen)多貝殼。
講武城遺址(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)堆積上(shang)為東漢文(wen)化(hua)(hua)層,下為戰國(guo)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)層,個別地方還有(you)(you)較(jiao)早的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)層,出土遺物有(you)(you)石(shi)虎雕刻像、石(shi)斧(fu)、石(shi)錛、白(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)覆(fu)(fu)蓮罐(guan)、陶(tao)俑、繩(sheng)紋筒(tong)瓦和(he)板瓦等;石(shi)虎雕刻像,為北朝時期(qi)墓葬前(qian)神道石(shi)刻像,又(you)稱石(shi)虎坑(keng),虎像呈(cheng)現蹲坐狀,頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)略有(you)(you)損(sun)毀,整體保存較(jiao)好,高約(yue)1.9米(mi),底長約(yue)1.6米(mi),重約(yue)4噸,4肢襯以羽翅紋;白(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you)覆(fu)(fu)蓮罐(guan),胎呈(cheng)白(bai)(bai)色,有(you)(you)4系,施白(bai)(bai)釉(you)(you),釉(you)(you)上(shang)還點綴有(you)(you)綠彩(cai)和(he)黃(huang)彩(cai),為“齊三彩(cai)”;陶(tao)俑大到眼耳鼻口,小到眉毛、胡(hu)子和(he)唇紅都清晰可見(jian),特殊部(bu)(bu)分陶(tao)俑的(de)耳朵(duo)用黃(huang)金包裹涂(tu)抹。
磁(ci)縣(xian)是殷都(dou)、趙都(dou)、鄴都(dou)“三都(dou)”文化交匯之地(di)。其(qi)中(zhong),講(jiang)武城(cheng)遺址位于磁(ci)縣(xian)城(cheng)南10公里的(de)漳(zhang)河北岸,是歷(li)(li)代兵家必爭之地(di),保存有(you)部分城(cheng)墻,具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)歷(li)(li)史、文物(wu)和藝(yi)術價值。
2006年(nian)5月25日,講武城(cheng)遺(yi)址被中華人民共和國(guo)國(guo)務院公布為第六批(pi)全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位;2010年(nian)11月1日,由河北省人民政(zheng)府(fu)設(she)立保護范圍:東、西(xi)、北均(jun)以(yi)城(cheng)墻基外沿為基線(xian),各向外擴(kuo)60米,南(nan)以(yi)斷崖(ya)為界,其東西(xi)長1439米,南(nan)北寬1410米;建設(she)控制地帶:以(yi)保護范圍為基線(xian),東、西(xi)、北各向外擴(kuo)30米,南(nan)向外擴(kuo)50米,均(jun)至農田。
三(san)(san)國時期,曹(cao)操(cao)在(zai)官渡以少(shao)勝多,擊(ji)敗袁紹后,占(zhan)據(ju)鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),大規模地(di)興建(jian)土(tu)木建(jian)筑(zhu),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北漳(zhang)河大修玄武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)池(chi)以保水(shui)(shui)路(lu)安全,在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西要道經營講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以抵御陸路(lu)之敵(di),如(ru)(ru)此水(shui)(shui)陸設(she)防,拱衛鄴(ye)都。曹(cao)操(cao)的兵(bing)(bing)馬經常在(zai)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活動,把(ba)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)為培養武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)將(jiang)的基(ji)地(di),據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)曹(cao)操(cao)曾經講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)演講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)事戰術,講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之名由此而(er)來。《魏書(shu)(shu)》中記(ji)載(zai):“太祖御軍(jun)三(san)(san)十(shi)余年,手不舍書(shu)(shu)。書(shu)(shu)則講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)策,夜則思經傳。”講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村南的村子(zi)叫南營,之前叫講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)營,據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo)是當年曹(cao)操(cao)駐軍(jun)的兵(bing)(bing)營。”宋代洪皓(hao)《講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》詩(shi)(shi)(shi):“……曹(cao)公走熙尚,氣欲(yu)陵韓白。欺取計已(yi)成,軍(jun)容漫輝赫(he)。跨漳(zhang)筑(zhu)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)……四陵寄遺恨,講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)存陳跡(ji)。”詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中說(shuo)(shuo)的就(jiu)是曹(cao)操(cao)在(zai)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、屯(tun)軍(jun)、練(lian)兵(bing)(bing)的事情(qing)。《漢書(shu)(shu)·地(di)理(li)志》記(ji)載(zai):“鄴(ye)有(you)……武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,《水(shui)(shui)經注》也(ye)記(ji)載(zai):“漳(zhang)水(shui)(shui)又東經武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南”。曹(cao)操(cao)去世(shi)后,在(zai)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外布72疑(yi)冢。南宋詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)范成大寫詩(shi)(shi)(shi)《七(qi)十(shi)二(er)冢》:“一棺何(he)用冢如(ru)(ru)林,誰復如(ru)(ru)公負此心。聞說(shuo)(shuo)北人(ren)為封土(tu),世(shi)間隨(sui)事有(you)知音。”范成大還專門給詩(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)了注:“七(qi)十(shi)二(er)冢在(zai)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外,曹(cao)操(cao)疑(yi)冢也(ye)。森然彌(mi)望,北人(ren)比(bi)常增(zeng)封之。”
門票
講武(wu)城遺(yi)址門票免費(fei)。
開放時間
講武城(cheng)遺址開放時(shi)間為全天。
交通線路
途(tu)經講(jiang)武(wu)城(cheng)遺址的公交線路(lu)(lu)有邯(han)鄲公交902路(lu)(lu)。