唐以(yi)前(qian),講(jiang)武(wu)城(cheng)遺址稱(cheng)武(wu)城(cheng)。
宋代以后(hou),武城(cheng)改稱講武城(cheng)。
1958年,在(zai)講(jiang)武城遺(yi)址火車站(zhan)附(fu)近進行部(bu)分發掘(jue)。
講武城(cheng)(cheng)遺址,位(wei)于河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)邯鄲市(shi)磁縣城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)漳河(he)北(bei)(bei)岸講武城(cheng)(cheng)村西(xi)面(mian)和(he)南(nan)面(mian),南(nan)達鄭衛,北(bei)(bei)通燕趙,原是(shi)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長,東西(xi)窄,因南(nan)部被漳河(he)沖(chong)毀(hui),殘存(cun)遺址則(ze)相反為東西(xi)寬,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)窄;南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)被漳水沖(chong)沒,西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)與東城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)各被沖(chong)毀(hui)一(yi)部分,北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)還有(you)7段,遺址墻(qiang)基寬為17-26米(mi),墻(qiang)體(ti)寬處(chu)大約有(you)9米(mi),窄處(chu)僅有(you)3-4米(mi),高處(chu)近9米(mi);從城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)東北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)至西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)長1169米(mi),東墻(qiang)殘存(cun)200米(mi),西(xi)墻(qiang)尚存(cun)920米(mi),墻(qiang)址殘高2-9米(mi),上寬6.5米(mi),均為黃土堆積而(er)成,在(zai)土層中間(jian)散落著很多貝殼。
講武(wu)城遺址(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化堆積上為(wei)(wei)(wei)東漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化層,下為(wei)(wei)(wei)戰(zhan)國文(wen)(wen)(wen)化層,個別地(di)方還有(you)較早(zao)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化層,出土(tu)遺物有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)雕刻像、石(shi)(shi)(shi)斧、石(shi)(shi)(shi)錛、白(bai)(bai)釉覆蓮罐、陶俑、繩紋筒瓦(wa)(wa)和(he)板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)等;石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)雕刻像,為(wei)(wei)(wei)北朝時期墓(mu)葬(zang)前神道石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻像,又稱石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)坑,虎(hu)像呈現蹲坐狀,頭部(bu)略有(you)損毀(hui),整(zheng)體保(bao)存(cun)較好,高約1.9米,底長約1.6米,重(zhong)約4噸(dun),4肢(zhi)襯以(yi)羽(yu)翅紋;白(bai)(bai)釉覆蓮罐,胎呈白(bai)(bai)色,有(you)4系,施白(bai)(bai)釉,釉上還點綴有(you)綠彩和(he)黃彩,為(wei)(wei)(wei)“齊三彩”;陶俑大到(dao)眼耳鼻口,小到(dao)眉毛、胡子和(he)唇(chun)紅都清晰可見,特殊部(bu)分(fen)陶俑的(de)耳朵用黃金包裹涂抹。
磁(ci)縣(xian)是(shi)殷(yin)都(dou)、趙都(dou)、鄴都(dou)“三都(dou)”文化交(jiao)匯(hui)之(zhi)地。其中,講(jiang)武城遺(yi)址位于磁(ci)縣(xian)城南10公里的漳河北岸,是(shi)歷代兵家(jia)必爭之(zhi)地,保(bao)存有部分城墻(qiang),具有重要的歷史、文物和藝術價值。
2006年5月25日(ri),講武(wu)城遺址被中華(hua)人民共和國國務院公布為第六(liu)批全國重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位;2010年11月1日(ri),由河北(bei)省(sheng)人民政府設立保(bao)護范(fan)圍:東、西、北(bei)均(jun)以城墻基外(wai)沿為基線,各(ge)向(xiang)外(wai)擴60米(mi),南以斷(duan)崖(ya)為界,其東西長1439米(mi),南北(bei)寬1410米(mi);建設控制地帶:以保(bao)護范(fan)圍為基線,東、西、北(bei)各(ge)向(xiang)外(wai)擴30米(mi),南向(xiang)外(wai)擴50米(mi),均(jun)至(zhi)農田。
三(san)國時期,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)在官(guan)渡(du)以(yi)(yi)少勝多,擊敗袁紹后(hou),占據鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),大(da)規模地興建土(tu)木(mu)建筑,在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北漳(zhang)(zhang)河(he)大(da)修玄武(wu)(wu)(wu)池以(yi)(yi)保水路(lu)(lu)安全(quan),在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西要道經(jing)營講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)抵(di)御陸路(lu)(lu)之(zhi)敵,如(ru)此水陸設防,拱衛鄴(ye)都。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)馬經(jing)常(chang)在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活動,把講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作為培養武(wu)(wu)(wu)將的(de)(de)基(ji)地,據說(shuo)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)曾經(jing)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)演講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)術,講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)名由(you)此而來(lai)。《魏(wei)書》中記載(zai):“太祖(zu)御軍(jun)(jun)三(san)十余年(nian),手不舍書。書則講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)策,夜則思經(jing)傳。”講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)南(nan)的(de)(de)村(cun)子叫(jiao)南(nan)營,之(zhi)前叫(jiao)講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)營,據說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)當年(nian)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)駐軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)營。”宋代洪皓(hao)《講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》詩(shi):“……曹(cao)(cao)公(gong)走熙尚,氣欲陵韓白。欺取計已成,軍(jun)(jun)容(rong)漫輝赫。跨漳(zhang)(zhang)筑大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)……四陵寄遺恨,講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)存陳(chen)跡。”詩(shi)中說(shuo)的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、屯軍(jun)(jun)、練兵(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)情(qing)。《漢書·地理志》記載(zai):“鄴(ye)有(you)(you)……武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,《水經(jing)注》也記載(zai):“漳(zhang)(zhang)水又東經(jing)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)”。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)去世(shi)后(hou),在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外布(bu)72疑冢(zhong)。南(nan)宋詩(shi)人范(fan)成大(da)寫(xie)詩(shi)《七(qi)十二冢(zhong)》:“一(yi)棺(guan)何用冢(zhong)如(ru)林,誰(shui)復如(ru)公(gong)負此心。聞說(shuo)北人為封(feng)土(tu),世(shi)間隨事(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)知(zhi)音。”范(fan)成大(da)還專(zhuan)門給詩(shi)作了(le)注:“七(qi)十二冢(zhong)在講(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)疑冢(zhong)也。森然彌(mi)望,北人比常(chang)增封(feng)之(zhi)。”
門票
講(jiang)武(wu)城遺址(zhi)門票免費。
開放時間
講(jiang)武城遺址開(kai)放時間為全天(tian)。
交通線路
途經講武城遺址的公交(jiao)線(xian)路有(you)邯鄲公交(jiao)902路。