遺址結構
新發現的(de)龍(long)(long)山文(wen)化城(cheng)址位(wei)于西金城(cheng)村中東(dong)部,城(cheng)墻(qiang)位(wei)于地表(biao)1.5米(mi)以下,殘高2~3米(mi);城(cheng)墻(qiang)寬在10~25米(mi)之間(jian),系用較純凈的(de)褐(he)色(se)生土(tu)(tu)拍(pai)打筑成。西、南(nan)墻(qiang)中部可能有城(cheng)門,北、東(dong)、南(nan)墻(qiang)外側發現有小河(he)或排水溝(gou)(gou)環繞形成的(de)防御(yu)壕(hao)(hao)溝(gou)(gou)。從城(cheng)墻(qiang)及壕(hao)(hao)溝(gou)(gou)出土(tu)(tu)陶(tao)片判斷(duan),該(gai)城(cheng)址應(ying)始建于河(he)南(nan)龍(long)(long)山文(wen)化中期(qi),進入龍(long)(long)山晚(wan)期(qi)已(yi)經廢(fei)棄,距今4300年前后(hou)。
2008年1月(yue)26日《大(da)河(he)報》報道在博愛縣發(fa)(fa)掘了(le)西金城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)埋于地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)1.5米(mi),殘高2-3米(mi),面積達30.8萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)廢棄于龍(long)(long)山(shan)文化晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi),建(jian)筑(zhu)年代應在龍(long)(long)山(shan)文化中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)前后,距今4000多(duo)年。特別(bie)是發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了(le)小(xiao)麥、大(da)豆(dou)等炭化遺存。這是在河(he)南境內(nei)的(de)龍(long)(long)山(shan)文化遺址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現(xian),對(dui)研究小(xiao)麥在我(wo)國的(de)出(chu)現(xian),傳(chuan)播路線以及中(zhong)原地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)文明(ming)起源(yuan)階段的(de)人地(di)(di)(di)關系演變,具有重要學術(shu)價值(zhi)。這座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)距南邊(bian)的(de)徐(xu)堡城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)僅 8公(gong)里,距西邊(bian)的(de)濟(ji)源(yuan)苗店遺址(zhi)(zhi)也只(zhi)有 40公(gong)里,是豫西北發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)第3座同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)。
出土文物
在城址以外的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)南部,出土(tu)龍(long)(long)山文化(hua)(hua)(hua)完整(zheng)或可(ke)復原陶(tao)器(qi)以及典(dian)型標本數百件(jian),主要有陶(tao)罐、豆、壺、鬶(gui)、斝、觚、盆(pen)、雙腹盆(pen)、刻(ke)槽盆(pen)、單(dan)耳杯和鼎(ding)等,整(zheng)體文化(hua)(hua)(hua)面貌屬(shu)于河南龍(long)(long)山文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(王灣(wan)三(san)期文化(hua)(hua)(hua))的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)期。出土(tu)龍(long)(long)山時期各類(lei)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)200余(yu)件(jian),主要為刀、鐮、鏟(chan),另有少量斧、鏃(zu)、礪石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)芯(xin)等,制作(zuo)(zuo)較規整(zheng),但硬度和質量較差。這些石(shi)(shi)器(qi)絕大(da)多(duo)數出自(zi)龍(long)(long)山時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)沼(zhao)澤相堆積(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),沒有固定的(de)(de)(de)(de)出土(tu)遺(yi)(yi)跡,出土(tu)深度也深淺(qian)不一,應(ying)是(shi)(shi)在勞作(zuo)(zuo)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就地丟棄的(de)(de)(de)(de),這說明發掘區應(ying)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)山人的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產區。經過對(dui)龍(long)(long)山時期植(zhi)物遺(yi)(yi)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定分析,發現有粟(su)、黍、稻、小麥(mai)和大(da)豆等,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小麥(mai)是(shi)(shi)河南龍(long)(long)山文化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)發現,對(dui)研究小麥(mai)種植(zhi)技(ji)術在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播路線(xian)有重大(da)學術價值(zhi)。