鹿(lu)邑太(tai)(tai)清宮遺址屬全國重點文物(wu)保護單位,位于鹿(lu)邑縣(xian)(xian)城東5公里(li),是(shi)我國古代思想家(jia)、道家(jia)派創始(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)的誕(dan)生地,舊(jiu)名(ming)厲鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲仁(ren)里(li)。老(lao)子(zi)(zi),姓李(li)名(ming)耳,字(zi)伯陽(yang),謚號聃。生于春(chun)秋末年楚國苦(ku)縣(xian)(xian)厲鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲仁(ren)里(li),即今鹿(lu)邑縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)(tai)清宮鄉(xiang)(xiang)。太(tai)(tai)清,道家(jia)渭天道,亦謂天空(kong),傳為(wei)(wei)神仙居住,道教(jiao)常用以(yi)名(ming)其宮觀。老(lao)子(zi)(zi)故(gu)里(li)的紀念性建(jian)筑,初(chu)為(wei)(wei)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)廟(miao),建(jian)于東漢桓帝廷(ting)熹(xi)八年(165年),后改為(wei)(wei)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)祠。唐朝創始(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)李(li)淵(yuan)追認老(lao)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu),以(yi)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)廟(miao),起建(jian)宮闕殿宇,唐開元三(san)十年(725年),玄宋李(li)隆基(ji)正(zheng)式改“紫極宮”為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)清宮至今。
東(dong)漢(han)延熹(xi)八年(nian)(公(gong)元165年(nian))創建,始名老子廟。據《鹿邑縣志(zhi)(zhi)》載(zai)漢(han)延熹(xi)八年(nian)(165年(nian))漢(han)桓帝劉志(zhi)(zhi)先后(hou)派管霸、左(zuo)悺來(lai)苦縣督蓋老子祠,并命陳(chen)相邊韶撰(zhuan)文(wen)鐫立“老子祠碑(bei)記”一通(tong)。
唐高(gao)祖(zu)武德(de)三(san)年(620年),李(li)淵為了(le)便于對天下(xia)的統治,抬高(gao)家庭地(di)位,認老子為祖(zu)宗,就聽(ting)從(cong)吉(ji)善行的建議以此廟為家廟,大(da)興土木,建宮闕殿宇,猶如(ru)帝者居。
唐(tang)高宗乾封元(yuan)年(公元(yuan)666年),唐(tang)高宗李治(zhi)追封老子(zi)為“太(tai)上玄元(yuan)皇帝”,并增建“紫極宮”、“太(tai)清樓”,改廟(miao)名為“玄元(yuan)廟(miao)”。
武(wu)周光宅元(yuan)年(nian)(684年(nian)),改(gai)“先天太(tai)(tai)后廟(miao)”為(wei)“洞霄宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”(后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修葺(qi)增建(jian)(jian),大改(gai)其觀)。又(you)冊封老(lao)子(zi)母為(wei)“先天太(tai)(tai)后”,在漢(han)李母廟(miao)的基(ji)礎上(shang),擴建(jian)(jian)成洞霄宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),位置在太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北一里。至玄宗李隆基(ji)時,太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)有(you)(you)增建(jian)(jian),規模達(da)到(dao)鼎盛(sheng),占地(di)八頃七十(shi)(shi)二畝,周圍(wei)四(si)十(shi)(shi)里,宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)排列(lie)有(you)(you)序,瓊(qiong)樓玉宇,金碧輝煌。太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱(cheng)前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),洞霄宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱(cheng)后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祀老(lao)子(zi),后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祀李母。兩(liang)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中隔一河(he)(he),河(he)(he)上(shang)有(you)(you)橋。河(he)(he)名“金水”,橋稱(cheng)“會仙”。
唐開元年間,玄(xuan)宗(zong)皇帝又(you)親朝太清宮(gong),為老子上(shang)尊號(hao)“大圣祖高(gao)上(shang)金闕天皇大帝”,改廟名為太清宮(gong),又(you)親手為五(wu)千言《道德(de)經(jing)》作注,刻石立于(yu)太清宮(gong)。該碑至今(jin)猶存,和太清宮(gong)及其所余歷代碑刻一起(qi),于(yu)八六年列為河南(nan)省重點文物保(bao)護單位。
唐天(tian)寶二年(743年)改“紫極宮”為太清宮。今前宮仍(reng)存(cun)太極殿,后宮仍(reng)存(cun)圣母殿等清代建(jian)筑(zhu)。
唐末(mo)黃巢起義,太清宮毀于兵事(shi)。宋真宗(zong)年間(jian)重建,又恢復了唐時規模。真宗(zong)所立“先天(tian)太后之贊(zan)”碑,通高八米(mi),寬二米(mi),二龍幡伏(fu)于碑首(shou),神(shen)龜支撐碑下,為真宗(zong)御制(zhi)御書并篆(zhuan)刻(ke)的“三御碑”,至(zhi)今仍屹(yi)立于太清農場(chang)東(dong)南角。
宋朝以后屢(lv)修屢(lv)廢,金元明清(qing)各代(dai)都有重修碑記。
元代(dai)中統(tong)年間,皇帝(di)又頒(ban)發了圣旨和執照,對太清(qing)(qing)宮予(yu)以(yi)保護,碑刻今存。至清(qing)(qing)代(dai)重修(xiu)時,規模尚十分可觀,然與唐宋(song)盛時相(xiang)比,僅存“十一于(yu)(yu)千百也(ye)”。而現在(zai)與清(qing)(qing)時相(xiang)比,又是僅存“十一于(yu)(yu)千百也(ye)”。
太清宮(gong)現(xian)存(cun)主體建筑太極殿(dian)五間,鐵柱一根(gen),古(gu)柏(bo)三(san)株(zhu),碑刻九件,望月井一眼。洞(dong)霄宮(gong)僅存(cun)清代建筑三(san)圣(sheng)母殿(dian)五間,娃娃殿(dian)三(san)間,宋碑一通(tong)。
太清宮前(qian)后兩宮相距一(yi)里,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間有(you)(you)一(yi)條東(dong)西(xi)流向的(de)清靜(jing)(jing)河(he),取老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“清靜(jing)(jing)無為”之意,河(he)上有(you)(you)會仙橋,將(jiang)前(qian)后兩宮聯為一(yi)體。兩宮占地872畝,各種(zhong)建筑600余間,殿閣棋布,雄偉壯(zhuang)觀(guan),極(ji)盛一(yi)時。“前(qian)宮”以(yi)太極(ji)殿為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),東(dong)有(you)(you)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)牧牛場遺址,西(xi)有(you)(you)隱(yin)陽山遺址,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)九(jiu)步井,至今仍存。大殿內(nei)供有(you)(you)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)塑像,殿側(ce)立有(you)(you)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)1.5米,直徑約(yue)(yue)25公分的(de)鐵柱一(yi)根,人稱“趕山鞭 ”,實為老(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)“柱下(xia)史”職務的(de)象征。
在太(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)以北(bei)的洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)遺(yi)址發掘(jue)出唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)等(deng)時期(qi)的建筑(zhu)基(ji)址。唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)時期(qi)的太(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)建筑(zhu)基(ji)址,范圍(wei)的1.5平方公里。太(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)是唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)時期(qi)祭(ji)祀老子的地方,分前后(hou)兩宮(gong)。在后(hou)宮(gong)出土了宋(song)(song)(song)金時期(qi)的回廊(lang)、中門、西配殿、后(hou)寢(qin)殿等(deng)重要基(ji)址和大批(pi)建筑(zhu)構件。現存(cun)唐(tang)(tang)宋(song)(song)(song)金元(yuan)碑(bei)刻(ke)20多通,有“唐(tang)(tang)開(kai)元(yuan)神武皇帝(di)道德經清(qing)(qing)高(gao)碑(bei)”,宋(song)(song)(song)真宗(zong)三御碑(bei)“先天太(tai)后(hou)之贊”,元(yuan)“圣旨(zhi)碑(bei)”、“執(zhi)照(zhao)碑(bei)”。明清(qing)(qing)建筑(zhu)有太(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)、老君(jun)臺(tai)等(deng)。
2001年,鹿(lu)邑太清宮遺址被(bei)國(guo)務(wu)院列為第五批全(quan)國(guo)重點文物保(bao)護單位。
2007年,老子(zi)故里旅游區被評定為(wei)國(guo)家AAAA級景區。