鹿邑(yi)太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)遺址屬(shu)全國重點(dian)文物保護單位(wei),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)鹿邑(yi)縣城東5公里(li),是我(wo)國古代思想(xiang)家(jia)、道家(jia)派創始(shi)人老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)的(de)誕生(sheng)地,舊名厲(li)鄉曲仁里(li)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi),姓(xing)李(li)名耳,字伯(bo)陽(yang),謚號聃。生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)春秋(qiu)末年楚國苦縣厲(li)鄉曲仁里(li),即(ji)今(jin)鹿邑(yi)縣太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)鄉。太(tai)(tai)清(qing),道家(jia)渭天(tian)道,亦謂天(tian)空,傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)神仙居住(zhu),道教常用以(yi)名其宮(gong)(gong)觀。老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)故里(li)的(de)紀(ji)念性(xing)建筑,初為(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)廟,建于(yu)(yu)東漢桓帝廷熹八年(165年),后改為(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)祠。唐朝創始(shi)人李(li)淵追認老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)祖,以(yi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)廟為(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)廟,起建宮(gong)(gong)闕(que)殿宇,唐開元(yuan)三十年(725年),玄宋(song)李(li)隆基(ji)正(zheng)式(shi)改“紫(zi)極宮(gong)(gong)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)至(zhi)今(jin)。
東漢(han)(han)延熹八年(nian)(nian)(公元165年(nian)(nian))創建,始(shi)名老子廟。據《鹿(lu)邑縣志》載漢(han)(han)延熹八年(nian)(nian)(165年(nian)(nian))漢(han)(han)桓(huan)帝劉志先(xian)后(hou)派管霸、左悺(guan)來苦縣督蓋老子祠(ci),并(bing)命(ming)陳相邊韶撰文鐫立“老子祠(ci)碑記”一(yi)通(tong)。
唐(tang)高祖武(wu)德三年(620年),李淵為(wei)了便于對天下的(de)統治,抬高家(jia)庭地位,認老子為(wei)祖宗,就聽從吉(ji)善行的(de)建議以此(ci)廟為(wei)家(jia)廟,大興土木,建宮闕殿宇,猶如帝者居。
唐高宗乾封元(yuan)年(公元(yuan)666年),唐高宗李治追封老子為“太(tai)上玄元(yuan)皇帝”,并增建(jian)“紫極宮”、“太(tai)清樓”,改廟(miao)名為“玄元(yuan)廟(miao)”。
武周(zhou)光宅元(yuan)年(684年),改“先(xian)天(tian)太(tai)(tai)后廟(miao)”為(wei)“洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”(后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)修葺增建,大改其觀)。又冊封老子母(mu)為(wei)“先(xian)天(tian)太(tai)(tai)后”,在漢(han)李母(mu)廟(miao)的基(ji)(ji)礎上,擴建成洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),位置在太(tai)(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北一里。至玄宗李隆(long)基(ji)(ji)時,太(tai)(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又有增建,規(gui)模達到(dao)鼎盛,占(zhan)地八頃七十二畝,周(zhou)圍(wei)四十里,宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)內建筑排列有序,瓊樓玉宇,金(jin)碧輝煌(huang)。太(tai)(tai)清(qing)(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)稱后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祀(si)老子,后宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祀(si)李母(mu)。兩宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中隔一河(he),河(he)上有橋。河(he)名“金(jin)水”,橋稱“會仙(xian)”。
唐開元(yuan)年間,玄(xuan)宗皇帝(di)又親朝太(tai)(tai)清宮(gong),為(wei)(wei)老子上尊號“大(da)圣(sheng)祖高(gao)上金(jin)闕天皇大(da)帝(di)”,改廟名為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)清宮(gong),又親手為(wei)(wei)五(wu)千(qian)言(yan)《道德經》作注,刻(ke)石立于太(tai)(tai)清宮(gong)。該碑至(zhi)今猶存,和太(tai)(tai)清宮(gong)及其(qi)所(suo)余(yu)歷代碑刻(ke)一起,于八(ba)六年列為(wei)(wei)河南省重點文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
唐天寶二年(nian)(743年(nian))改“紫極宮(gong)”為太清宮(gong)。今前宮(gong)仍存太極殿(dian),后宮(gong)仍存圣(sheng)母殿(dian)等清代(dai)建筑。
唐(tang)末黃巢(chao)起(qi)義,太清宮(gong)毀于兵事(shi)。宋真宗年(nian)間重建(jian),又恢復了唐(tang)時(shi)規模。真宗所立“先天太后(hou)之(zhi)贊”碑(bei)(bei),通高八米(mi),寬(kuan)二米(mi),二龍幡伏于碑(bei)(bei)首,神龜支(zhi)撐碑(bei)(bei)下(xia),為真宗御(yu)制(zhi)御(yu)書(shu)并篆(zhuan)刻的(de)“三御(yu)碑(bei)(bei)”,至今(jin)仍屹(yi)立于太清農場東(dong)南角。
宋朝以后屢修(xiu)(xiu)屢廢,金元明(ming)清各代都有重修(xiu)(xiu)碑記。
元代中統年(nian)間(jian),皇帝又頒發了(le)圣旨(zhi)和執(zhi)照(zhao),對(dui)太清宮予以保護,碑(bei)刻今(jin)存(cun)。至清代重修時,規模尚十分可觀(guan),然與唐宋(song)盛時相比(bi),僅存(cun)“十一于千(qian)百(bai)也”。而現在(zai)與清時相比(bi),又是(shi)僅存(cun)“十一于千(qian)百(bai)也”。
太清(qing)宮(gong)現(xian)存主體建(jian)筑(zhu)太極殿五間,鐵柱一根,古(gu)柏(bo)三(san)株,碑(bei)刻九件(jian),望月井一眼。洞(dong)霄宮(gong)僅存清(qing)代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)三(san)圣母殿五間,娃娃殿三(san)間,宋碑(bei)一通。
太清(qing)宮(gong)前后(hou)兩(liang)宮(gong)相距一(yi)里,中間有(you)一(yi)條東(dong)(dong)西(xi)流向的(de)(de)清(qing)靜(jing)河(he),取老子“清(qing)靜(jing)無為”之(zhi)意,河(he)上有(you)會仙橋(qiao),將前后(hou)兩(liang)宮(gong)聯為一(yi)體。兩(liang)宮(gong)占地(di)872畝,各種(zhong)建筑600余間,殿閣棋(qi)布,雄偉壯觀,極(ji)盛一(yi)時。“前宮(gong)”以太極(ji)殿為中心,東(dong)(dong)有(you)老子牧牛場遺址(zhi),西(xi)有(you)隱陽(yang)山遺址(zhi),中有(you)九步井,至今(jin)仍(reng)存。大殿內供有(you)老子塑像,殿側立有(you)高約(yue)1.5米,直徑約(yue)25公分(fen)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)柱一(yi)根,人稱“趕山鞭 ”,實為老子“柱下史”職務的(de)(de)象(xiang)征。
在太(tai)(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)以(yi)北的(de)(de)洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)(gong)遺址(zhi)發掘出唐宋(song)等(deng)時期(qi)的(de)(de)建筑基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)。唐宋(song)時期(qi)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)建筑基(ji)(ji)址(zhi),范圍(wei)的(de)(de)1.5平方公里。太(tai)(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)是唐宋(song)時期(qi)祭祀老(lao)子的(de)(de)地方,分前后兩宮(gong)(gong)。在后宮(gong)(gong)出土了宋(song)金時期(qi)的(de)(de)回廊、中門、西配殿、后寢殿等(deng)重要基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)和大批建筑構件。現存唐宋(song)金元碑刻20多(duo)通,有“唐開元神武(wu)皇(huang)帝道德經清(qing)高(gao)碑”,宋(song)真宗三御(yu)碑“先天太(tai)(tai)(tai)后之贊”,元“圣旨碑”、“執照碑”。明(ming)清(qing)建筑有太(tai)(tai)(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)、老(lao)君(jun)臺等(deng)。
2001年,鹿邑太(tai)清宮遺址被國(guo)務院列為第五批全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護單位。
2007年(nian),老(lao)子故里旅游區被(bei)評定為國家(jia)AAAA級景(jing)區。