分布
查(cha)木欽(qin)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群地(di)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)雅魯藏(zang)布(bu)(bu)江北(bei)(bei)岸(an),海拔4100米(mi)(mi)(mi)。共有(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)135座(zuo)(zuo),殉(xun)(xun)葬(zang)坑(keng)28座(zuo)(zuo),由(you)一條沖溝分(fen)(fen)為A、B兩(liang)區(qu),A區(qu)居西,共101墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),殉(xun)(xun)葬(zang)坑(keng)、房屋遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡、石獅(shi)、石碑(bei)等遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡多處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)依坡(po)(po)地(di)地(di)形分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu),大墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居于(yu)(yu)高(gao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),小墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居于(yu)(yu)周側較(jiao)低處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積64.6萬平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。B區(qu)居東,共有(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)34座(zuo)(zuo),另有(you)少(shao)量殉(xun)(xun)葬(zang)坑(keng)、建(jian)筑遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡,分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積近27萬平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)區(qu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)依封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)形狀可分(fen)(fen)六類(lei),其中梯(ti)形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)98座(zuo)(zuo),其寬邊朝向坡(po)(po)下,封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)最大者面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達4140平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),最小者僅19平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);“凸(tu)(tu)(tu)”字形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)15座(zuo)(zuo),均在(zai)(zai)A區(qu),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積均在(zai)(zai)200平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)部(坡(po)(po)上端(duan))凸(tu)(tu)(tu)出呈(cheng)多層狀;方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3座(zuo)(zuo),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)A區(qu),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積皆(jie)80平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下;長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)9座(zuo)(zuo),多位(wei)于(yu)(yu)A區(qu),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積亦多在(zai)(zai)80平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下;圓形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)7座(zuo)(zuo),封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積小于(yu)(yu)50平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);塔(ta)形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3座(zuo)(zuo),平面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形共分(fen)(fen)五級(ji)收分(fen)(fen),每(mei)級(ji)相接(jie)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)砌(qi)石,頂部略呈(cheng)丘狀。殉(xun)(xun)葬(zang)坑(keng)A區(qu)26條,B區(qu)2條,均分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)“凸(tu)(tu)(tu)”字形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)及梯(ti)形封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)前(qian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)(po)地(di)低端(duan),地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)塊石砌(qi)建(jian)的(de)(de)條形石墻,石墻長(chang)(chang)(chang)度與(yu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)前(qian)邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)度相同,條數1~3條,石墻寬1米(mi)(mi)(mi),間(jian)距2.3~2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),其中M6前(qian)殉(xun)(xun)葬(zang)坑(keng)上有(you)三座(zuo)(zuo)石堆。房屋遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡共2座(zuo)(zuo),編號(hao)F1、F2。F1高(gao)出墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群約100米(mi)(mi)(mi),外有(you)石砌(qi)墻基、夯土(tu)(tu)(tu)墻體(ti)的(de)(de)圍墻,占地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積600平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),房屋遺(yi)(yi)(yi)跡兩(liang)組,東南(nan)側一組平面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形,其內隔成3間(jian),占地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約120平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);西北(bei)(bei)一組為長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形的(de)(de)兩(liang)間(jian),每(mei)間(jian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約30平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
F2位于(yu)B區坡地高處(chu),現僅存墻體一段及石(shi)(shi)臺(tai)基(ji)一處(chu),墻體殘長(chang)7米(mi),殘高2.5米(mi),厚(hou)(hou)0.7米(mi);臺(tai)基(ji)東西(xi)長(chang)25米(mi),南北(bei)長(chang)15米(mi)。石(shi)(shi)獅(shi) 1對,分(fen)別嵌于(yu)梯形封土堆寬(kuan)邊(前端)的東、西(xi)兩(liang)角,長(chang)方形基(ji)座,系整塊(kuai)巖石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)成(cheng)(cheng),呈半蹲(dun)狀,高0.95米(mi),身長(chang)1.5米(mi),方頭大眼,寬(kuan)背弓腰,后腿和尾(wei)部未細雕(diao);風(feng)格古樸渾厚(hou)(hou)。石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)1通(tong),砂巖質,長(chang)方體,碑(bei)首略(lve)呈三角形,整塊(kuai)條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)修成(cheng)(cheng)。碑(bei)通(tong)高2.1米(mi),寬(kuan)0.46米(mi),厚(hou)(hou)0.2米(mi),碑(bei)身四面(mian)皆刻(ke)藏(zang)文,碑(bei)陽32橫行(xing),碑(bei)陰(yin)28橫行(xing),西(xi)側面(mian)32橫行(xing),東側面(mian)25橫行(xing),均陰(yin)刻(ke),部分(fen)文字(zi)漫漶(huan)不(bu)識,其內容主(zhu)要述及藏(zang)王(wang)赤祖(zu)德贊(798~838在(zai)位)修建佛殿(dian)等(deng)事。碑(bei)側有圓(yuan)形石(shi)(shi)柱礎一個,直徑41厘米(mi),高15厘米(mi)。
價值
查木欽墓群極為壯觀,高(gao)大的墓葬封(feng)土好似一座(zuo)巨(ju)壘(lei),座(zuo)落(luo)在山間,該墓群規模僅次于藏王墓,它對研究吐蕃(fan)時期后藏一帶的政(zheng)治歷史、文化、民(min)風民(min)俗(su)等(deng)遠古歷史文化具有深遠的意義(yi)。
墓群(qun)中發現的(de)(de)(de)一塊藏(zang)(zang)文石碑,是刻于公元838年至(zhi)841年間。碑文文字記載有(you)關赤(chi)祖德贊(zan)及(ji)建立佛(fo)寺等內容,其余已無法辨認。它對研究該(gai)墓群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)歷史沿革和吐(tu)蕃藏(zang)(zang)王赤(chi)祖德贊(zan)(熱巴巾)的(de)(de)(de)族屬(shu)以(yi)及(ji)當地的(de)(de)(de)葬俗(su)同樣有(you)著十分重要的(de)(de)(de)作用。