故居介紹
門(men)(men)家河(he)門(men)(men)克(ke)新(xin)故(gu)居,為門(men)(men)克(ke)新(xin)祖居及其出生(sheng)老宅(zhai)(zhai),位(wei)于天水(shui)市區南(nan)郊(jiao)約(yue)6公里(li)的(de)(de)秦州區皂郊(jiao)鎮門(men)(men)家河(he)村。該(gai)村坐(zuo)東(dong)向西,北依盤龍山,赤峪河(he)從村前流過。門(men)(men)氏(shi)家族(zu)院(yuan)(yuan)落分(fen)布在(zai)該(gai)村中(zhong)上(shang)部位(wei)置,最(zui)高處的(de)(de)三(san)(san)級小平(ping)(ping)臺地(di)(di)上(shang),祖居老院(yuan)(yuan)為一(yi)(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)另附一(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)格局(ju),中(zhong)層(ceng)臺地(di)(di)為書房(fang)(fang)院(yuan)(yuan),下(xia)層(ceng)臺地(di)(di)上(shang)為門(men)(men)氏(shi)族(zu)人居住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan),但建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)較晚,約(yue)在(zai)清代(dai)中(zhong)晚期建(jian)(jian)(jian)成。上(shang)下(xia)五座(zuo)院(yuan)(yuan)落占(zhan)地(di)(di)面積約(yue)2064平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。最(zui)高臺地(di)(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)三(san)(san)個(ge)院(yuan)(yuan)落建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,占(zhan)地(di)(di)面積約(yue)1260平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。在(zai)2、3兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)間(jian)開設(she)大門(men)(men),北院(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北面南(nan),一(yi)(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)過廳為空間(jian)地(di)(di)帶界(jie)定建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)廳房(fang)(fang),前后(hou)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan),東(dong)西各有(you)三(san)(san)間(jian)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)。正南(nan)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)之門(men)(men)廳。大門(men)(men)右進(jin)南(nan)院(yuan)(yuan)之南(nan)為廳房(fang)(fang),東(dong)有(you)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)。西有(you)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian),并帶一(yi)(yi)間(jian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)坡水(shui)屋面的(de)(de)小樓(lou)。三(san)(san)級臺地(di)(di)上(shang)之三(san)(san)組院(yuan)(yuan)落,在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格上(shang),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處四合(he)院(yuan)(yuan)式古(gu)民居,建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)結構古(gu)樸。而最(zui)高臺地(di)(di)院(yuan)(yuan)落群中(zhong),現存獨具風格的(de)(de)元代(dai)末期的(de)(de)二層(ceng)木樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo),俗(su)稱“銹(xiu)花(hua)(hua)樓(lou)”。為上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)雙坡水(shui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),構建(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)樸,雕(diao)刻精美。其雕(diao)刻花(hua)(hua)紋在(zai)明清建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)不多見,經初(chu)步考證,該(gai)樓(lou)檐下(xia)平(ping)(ping)板枋(fang)上(shang)的(de)(de)耍頭有(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)朵云(yun)造(zao)(zao)型(xing),長27厘米(mi),高18厘米(mi),厚9厘米(mi),其前半(ban)部分(fen)內大外小,中(zhong)含一(yi)(yi)個(ge)圓球型(xing)浮雕(diao),后(hou)半(ban)部分(fen)是(shi)漸細且(qie)長,尾部為一(yi)(yi)朵小云(yun)式圖案,荷(he)花(hua)(hua)紋花(hua)(hua)板簡約(yue)粗獷(guang),具有(you)元代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格。其建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術和文物價值很高,可(ke)視為古(gu)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)型(xing)標本(ben)。尚無(wu)它例可(ke)比,可(ke)以(yi)說絕(jue)無(wu)僅有(you)。它是(shi)門(men)(men)氏(shi)家族(zu)早在(zai)元代(dai)就居住(zhu)過的(de)(de)故(gu)宅(zhai)(zhai),僅唯(wei)獨有(you)的(de)(de)小木樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)。
文獻考證
1958年,天水(shui)(shui)火柴廠擴建(jian)廠房時(shi)將(jiang)其墓(mu)(mu)地征(zheng)用,挖(wa)掘(jue)地基時(shi)發現(xian)門公(gong)棺(guan)木(mu)及(ji)隨葬品多件,有明制官帽(mao)一頂,身著朝服(fu),金銀(yin)佩飾,明幣(bi)及(ji)金銀(yin)元(yuan)寶,竹木(mu)、陶器及(ji)絲綢織品和遺物(wu),并出(chu)土墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)銘一塊(kuai)(時(shi)有挖(wa)掘(jue)記(ji)錄)。《天水(shui)(shui)縣志(zhi)》對(dui)其墓(mu)(mu)地方位有記(ji)載。天水(shui)(shui)文(wen)廟西側建(jian)有《門克新(xin)祠堂(tang)》一座,豎立(li)《秦州鄉(xiang)賢祠記(ji)》碑(bei)一通,高175厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)79厘米(mi)(mi),厚26厘米(mi)(mi)。碑(bei)文(wen)545字,文(wen)字清晰(xi)可辨,是明代(dai)成(cheng)化(hua)十五年(巳亥),即公(gong)元(yuan)1479年刻立(li)的(de)石碑(bei)(此碑(bei)現(xian)存(cun)天水(shui)(shui)文(wen)廟碑(bei)廊)。
據考門克新故(gu)居在門家(jia)河村,門氏后裔一支遷(qian)往秦州城楊(yang)家(jia)樓(lou)59號院(yuan)居住,此院(yuan)為一進(jin)二院(yuan),主北房座北朝南,抬梁五檁六椽,補(bu)作間鋪作一斗,攀間象(xiang)鼻狀(zhuang)二朵(duo)云,懸山頂,兩坡水,有哺龍脊室。倒(dao)座已包檐,東西廈(sha)房,單坡水。為明(ming)代早期四合院(yuan)建筑格局。在城市(shi)改造中,因商品房建筑用(yong)地(di)需要被(bei)拆除。
門克新簡介
明洪武初(chu)為秦州(zhou)教(jiao)諭(yu)三十余年,受學(xue)者甚眾。入朝述職后為官(guan),初(chu)任左贊善(shan),以(yi)博學(xue)、耿直(zhi)見重(zhong)。旋升遷官(guan)至禮部尚(shang)書,年近(jin)古(gu)稀,禮事多爛,不久(jiu)病倒。皇帝(di)朱元璋命太醫治(zhi)療(liao),又不停俸祿及至逝(shi)世。逝(shi)后皇帝(di)親自致祭,又命司禮監(jian)典簿楊馬兒祭奠于其家(jia),歸葬故里秦州(zhou),墳塋墓地在城北泰山廟腳下。