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故居介紹

門家河門克新故(gu)居，為門克新祖居及其(qi)出(chu)生老宅，位于天水(shui)市區(qu)南(nan)(nan)郊約6公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)秦州區(qu)皂郊鎮門家河村(cun)。該(gai)(gai)村(cun)坐(zuo)東向西(xi)，北依盤龍山，赤(chi)峪河從村(cun)前流過(guo)。門氏(shi)家族(zu)(zu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo)分布在(zai)該(gai)(gai)村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上部(bu)位置，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)級小平臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上，祖居老院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)另附(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為書房(fang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，下層(ceng)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上為門氏(shi)族(zu)(zu)人(ren)居住宅院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)較晚，約在(zai)清代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚期建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成。上下五(wu)座院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo)占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積約2064平方(fang)米(mi)。最(zui)高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)，占地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積約1260平方(fang)米(mi)。在(zai)2、3兩(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)開設大(da)(da)(da)門，北院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北面(mian)(mian)南(nan)(nan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以過(guo)廳為空(kong)間(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶界定(ding)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)廳房(fang)，前后(hou)兩(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，東西(xi)各有(you)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)廂(xiang)房(fang)。正(zheng)南(nan)(nan)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)門廳。大(da)(da)(da)門右進(jin)南(nan)(nan)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)南(nan)(nan)為廳房(fang)，東有(you)廂(xiang)房(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)。西(xi)有(you)廂(xiang)房(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)，并(bing)帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)兩(liang)(liang)坡(po)水(shui)屋面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小樓。三(san)(san)(san)級臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上之(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)組院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo)，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)上，是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處四合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)古民居，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)結構(gou)古樸。而最(zui)高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)(luo)(luo)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現存獨具(ju)風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)代(dai)末(mo)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)二層(ceng)木(mu)(mu)樓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座，俗(su)稱“銹(xiu)花(hua)(hua)樓”。為上下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)雙坡(po)水(shui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)古樸，雕刻(ke)精(jing)美。其(qi)雕刻(ke)花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)在(zai)明清建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)多見，經(jing)初步考證，該(gai)(gai)樓檐(yan)下平板枋上的(de)(de)(de)(de)耍頭有(you)兩(liang)(liang)朵(duo)(duo)云造(zao)型，長27厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，高(gao)(gao)18厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，厚9厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，其(qi)前半部(bu)分內大(da)(da)(da)外(wai)小，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)圓球型浮雕，后(hou)半部(bu)分是漸細且(qie)長，尾部(bu)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵(duo)(duo)小云式(shi)圖案，荷花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)花(hua)(hua)板簡約粗獷，具(ju)有(you)元(yuan)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術和文物(wu)價值(zhi)很高(gao)(gao)，可視(shi)為古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型標本(ben)。尚無它(ta)例可比，可以說(shuo)絕無僅有(you)。它(ta)是門氏(shi)家族(zu)(zu)早在(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)就居住過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)宅，僅唯(wei)獨有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小木(mu)(mu)樓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座。

文獻考證

1958年(nian)，天水火(huo)柴廠擴建(jian)廠房時將其墓(mu)地(di)(di)征用(yong)，挖掘(jue)地(di)(di)基時發現門(men)公棺木及(ji)隨葬品多(duo)件，有(you)明(ming)制官帽一(yi)(yi)頂，身著朝(chao)服，金銀佩飾，明(ming)幣及(ji)金銀元寶，竹木、陶器及(ji)絲(si)綢織品和遺物(wu)，并出土(tu)墓(mu)志銘一(yi)(yi)塊(時有(you)挖掘(jue)記錄)。《天水縣志》對其墓(mu)地(di)(di)方位有(you)記載(zai)。天水文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)西側建(jian)有(you)《門(men)克(ke)新祠堂》一(yi)(yi)座，豎立(li)《秦州鄉賢(xian)祠記》碑(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)通，高175厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，寬79厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)，厚26厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)545字(zi)，文(wen)(wen)字(zi)清晰可辨，是明(ming)代成化十五年(nian)(巳(si)亥)，即(ji)公元1479年(nian)刻立(li)的石碑(bei)(bei)(此碑(bei)(bei)現存(cun)天水文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)碑(bei)(bei)廊)。

據考門(men)(men)克新(xin)故居(ju)在門(men)(men)家河(he)村(cun)，門(men)(men)氏(shi)后裔(yi)一(yi)支(zhi)遷往秦州(zhou)城楊家樓59號(hao)院居(ju)住(zhu)，此院為(wei)一(yi)進二(er)院，主北房座北朝南(nan)，抬梁五檁六(liu)椽，補作(zuo)間(jian)(jian)鋪作(zuo)一(yi)斗(dou)，攀間(jian)(jian)象鼻狀二(er)朵云，懸山(shan)頂(ding)，兩坡(po)水，有哺龍脊室。倒(dao)座已包(bao)檐(yan)，東西廈房，單坡(po)水。為(wei)明代(dai)早期四合院建(jian)筑格局(ju)。在城市改造中，因商品(pin)房建(jian)筑用地(di)需(xu)要被(bei)拆除。

門克新簡介

明(ming)洪武初(chu)為(wei)秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou)教諭三十余(yu)年，受學者甚眾。入朝(chao)述職(zhi)后為(wei)官(guan)，初(chu)任左贊善，以博學、耿直見重。旋升遷官(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)禮部(bu)尚(shang)書，年近(jin)古稀，禮事(shi)多爛，不久病倒(dao)。皇帝朱元璋命太醫治療，又不停(ting)俸祿及至(zhi)(zhi)逝世(shi)。逝后皇帝親(qin)自(zi)致祭，又命司禮監典簿楊(yang)馬兒祭奠于其家，歸葬故里秦(qin)州(zhou)(zhou)，墳(fen)塋(ying)墓地在城北泰山廟腳(jiao)下。