故居介紹
門(men)家(jia)(jia)河(he)門(men)克(ke)新故居(ju),為(wei)門(men)克(ke)新祖居(ju)及其(qi)出生(sheng)老宅,位(wei)于天水市區(qu)(qu)南郊(jiao)約(yue)6公里的秦州區(qu)(qu)皂郊(jiao)鎮門(men)家(jia)(jia)河(he)村。該村坐(zuo)東(dong)向西,北(bei)依(yi)盤龍(long)山,赤峪河(he)從村前流過。門(men)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族院(yuan)(yuan)落分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)該村中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)部位(wei)置(zhi),最(zui)高(gao)處的三(san)(san)級小(xiao)平(ping)臺(tai)地上(shang)(shang),祖居(ju)老院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)一(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)另附一(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)的格(ge)(ge)局(ju),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)臺(tai)地為(wei)書房(fang)(fang)院(yuan)(yuan),下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)臺(tai)地上(shang)(shang)為(wei)門(men)氏(shi)族人居(ju)住宅院(yuan)(yuan),但建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)較晚,約(yue)在(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚期建(jian)(jian)(jian)成。上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)五座(zuo)院(yuan)(yuan)落占(zhan)地面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)2064平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。最(zui)高(gao)臺(tai)地上(shang)(shang)的三(san)(san)個院(yuan)(yuan)落建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),占(zhan)地面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)1260平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。在(zai)(zai)2、3兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間開設大(da)(da)門(men),北(bei)院(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)面(mian)南,一(yi)進(jin)兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)以過廳(ting)為(wei)空間地帶界定建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)房(fang)(fang),前后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan),東(dong)西各(ge)有(you)三(san)(san)間廂房(fang)(fang)。正南有(you)兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)之門(men)廳(ting)。大(da)(da)門(men)右進(jin)南院(yuan)(yuan)之南為(wei)廳(ting)房(fang)(fang),東(dong)有(you)廂房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間。西有(you)廂房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間,并帶一(yi)間兩(liang)坡水屋面(mian)的小(xiao)樓(lou)(lou)。三(san)(san)級臺(tai)地上(shang)(shang)之三(san)(san)組院(yuan)(yuan)落,在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)上(shang)(shang),是一(yi)處四合院(yuan)(yuan)式古(gu)民(min)居(ju),建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)結構(gou)古(gu)樸。而最(zui)高(gao)臺(tai)地院(yuan)(yuan)落群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),現存獨具風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的元代末期的二層(ceng)木樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo),俗(su)稱“銹花樓(lou)(lou)”。為(wei)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩(liang)層(ceng)雙(shuang)坡水建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)樸,雕(diao)刻精美(mei)。其(qi)雕(diao)刻花紋在(zai)(zai)明清(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不多(duo)見,經初步(bu)考證,該樓(lou)(lou)檐下(xia)(xia)平(ping)板枋上(shang)(shang)的耍頭有(you)兩(liang)朵云造(zao)(zao)型(xing),長27厘米(mi),高(gao)18厘米(mi),厚9厘米(mi),其(qi)前半(ban)部分(fen)內大(da)(da)外小(xiao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含一(yi)個圓球型(xing)浮雕(diao),后(hou)(hou)半(ban)部分(fen)是漸細(xi)且(qie)長,尾部為(wei)一(yi)朵小(xiao)云式圖(tu)案,荷花紋花板簡約(yue)粗(cu)獷(guang),具有(you)元代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術和文物(wu)價值很高(gao),可(ke)視為(wei)古(gu)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)典型(xing)的造(zao)(zao)型(xing)標本(ben)。尚無它(ta)(ta)例可(ke)比(bi),可(ke)以說絕無僅(jin)(jin)有(you)。它(ta)(ta)是門(men)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族早在(zai)(zai)元代就居(ju)住過的故宅,僅(jin)(jin)唯(wei)獨有(you)的小(xiao)木樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo)。
文獻考證
1958年,天(tian)水(shui)火柴廠(chang)擴(kuo)建廠(chang)房(fang)時(shi)(shi)將其(qi)墓(mu)(mu)地征用,挖掘地基(ji)時(shi)(shi)發現(xian)門公棺木及隨葬品多件,有明(ming)制(zhi)官帽一(yi)頂,身著朝服,金(jin)銀(yin)佩飾(shi),明(ming)幣及金(jin)銀(yin)元寶,竹木、陶器(qi)及絲綢織品和遺物,并(bing)出土墓(mu)(mu)志銘一(yi)塊(時(shi)(shi)有挖掘記錄(lu))。《天(tian)水(shui)縣志》對其(qi)墓(mu)(mu)地方位有記載。天(tian)水(shui)文廟(miao)西側建有《門克新祠(ci)堂》一(yi)座,豎立《秦州鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)記》碑(bei)一(yi)通,高(gao)175厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬79厘(li)米(mi)(mi),厚26厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。碑(bei)文545字,文字清晰可(ke)辨(bian),是(shi)明(ming)代成化十五(wu)年(巳亥(hai)),即公元1479年刻立的石碑(bei)(此碑(bei)現(xian)存天(tian)水(shui)文廟(miao)碑(bei)廊(lang))。
據考門克新故居(ju)在門家河村,門氏后裔一(yi)(yi)支遷往秦(qin)州城楊家樓59號(hao)院居(ju)住,此(ci)院為(wei)一(yi)(yi)進二院,主北(bei)房座北(bei)朝南,抬梁五檁六椽,補(bu)作間鋪作一(yi)(yi)斗(dou),攀間象鼻狀(zhuang)二朵云,懸山頂,兩坡水(shui),有(you)哺龍(long)脊室。倒(dao)座已(yi)包(bao)檐(yan),東(dong)西廈房,單坡水(shui)。為(wei)明代早期四合(he)院建筑格局(ju)。在城市改造中,因商品房建筑用地需要被拆除。
門克新簡介
明洪武初為秦(qin)州(zhou)教諭三(san)十余年,受學者甚眾。入朝述職后為官,初任左贊(zan)善,以博學、耿直見重。旋(xuan)升遷官至禮(li)(li)部尚書,年近(jin)古稀(xi),禮(li)(li)事多爛,不(bu)(bu)久病倒(dao)。皇帝(di)(di)朱元璋命(ming)太醫治療(liao),又不(bu)(bu)停俸祿及至逝(shi)世。逝(shi)后皇帝(di)(di)親自致(zhi)祭,又命(ming)司(si)禮(li)(li)監典簿楊馬兒祭奠于其家(jia),歸葬故里秦(qin)州(zhou),墳塋(ying)墓(mu)地(di)在城(cheng)北泰山(shan)廟(miao)腳(jiao)下。