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故居介紹

門(men)(men)家(jia)河門(men)(men)克新(xin)故居(ju)(ju)(ju)，為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)克新(xin)祖居(ju)(ju)(ju)及其(qi)(qi)出生老宅(zhai)，位于(yu)天水(shui)(shui)市區南郊約6公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)秦州區皂郊鎮門(men)(men)家(jia)河村(cun)(cun)。該村(cun)(cun)坐(zuo)東(dong)向西，北(bei)(bei)依盤龍(long)山，赤峪河從村(cun)(cun)前流過。門(men)(men)氏(shi)家(jia)族院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落分布在(zai)(zai)該村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上部(bu)位置，最高(gao)處的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)級(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)平臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上，祖居(ju)(ju)(ju)老院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)進兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)另(ling)附一(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)書房院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)層臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上為(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)氏(shi)族人居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)宅(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但(dan)建造較晚，約在(zai)(zai)清代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚期建成。上下(xia)五座院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落占地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積約2064平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。最高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)個院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落建筑(zhu)(zhu)群，占地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積約1260平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。在(zai)(zai)2、3兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)開設大門(men)(men)，北(bei)(bei)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)南，一(yi)(yi)進兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)過廳(ting)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)間(jian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶界定建筑(zhu)(zhu)。后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)(hou)廳(ting)房，前后(hou)(hou)兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，東(dong)西各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)間(jian)廂房。正南有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之門(men)(men)廳(ting)。大門(men)(men)右進南院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之南為(wei)(wei)廳(ting)房，東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廂房三(san)(san)間(jian)。西有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廂房三(san)(san)間(jian)，并帶一(yi)(yi)間(jian)兩坡水(shui)(shui)屋面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)樓(lou)(lou)。三(san)(san)級(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上之三(san)(san)組院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落，在(zai)(zai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)上，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處四合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)古(gu)民居(ju)(ju)(ju)，建造結構古(gu)樸。而最高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落群中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現存獨具風格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)元代末期的(de)(de)(de)二(er)層木樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)座，俗稱“銹花(hua)樓(lou)(lou)”。為(wei)(wei)上下(xia)兩層雙(shuang)坡水(shui)(shui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)，構建古(gu)樸，雕刻(ke)精美(mei)。其(qi)(qi)雕刻(ke)花(hua)紋在(zai)(zai)明清建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不多見，經初步(bu)考(kao)證(zheng)，該樓(lou)(lou)檐(yan)下(xia)平板枋上的(de)(de)(de)耍頭有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩朵云造型(xing)，長27厘米(mi)(mi)，高(gao)18厘米(mi)(mi)，厚9厘米(mi)(mi)，其(qi)(qi)前半部(bu)分內大外小(xiao)(xiao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含一(yi)(yi)個圓球型(xing)浮雕，后(hou)(hou)半部(bu)分是(shi)漸細(xi)且長，尾部(bu)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)朵小(xiao)(xiao)云式(shi)圖案，荷花(hua)紋花(hua)板簡約粗獷，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)元代建筑(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)。其(qi)(qi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)和(he)文物價值很高(gao)，可視為(wei)(wei)古(gu)代建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)造型(xing)標本。尚無(wu)它(ta)例(li)可比(bi)，可以(yi)說絕無(wu)僅有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。它(ta)是(shi)門(men)(men)氏(shi)家(jia)族早在(zai)(zai)元代就居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)過的(de)(de)(de)故宅(zhai)，僅唯獨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)木樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)座。

文獻考證

1958年，天(tian)水(shui)(shui)火柴廠擴建廠房時將(jiang)其墓(mu)地征(zheng)用，挖掘(jue)地基時發現門(men)公(gong)(gong)棺木及(ji)隨葬品多件，有(you)明(ming)制(zhi)官帽一頂，身著朝(chao)服，金銀(yin)佩飾，明(ming)幣及(ji)金銀(yin)元(yuan)寶(bao)，竹木、陶器及(ji)絲綢(chou)織(zhi)品和遺物(wu)，并(bing)出(chu)土墓(mu)志銘一塊(kuai)(時有(you)挖掘(jue)記錄)。《天(tian)水(shui)(shui)縣志》對其墓(mu)地方位有(you)記載。天(tian)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)廟西側建有(you)《門(men)克新祠堂》一座，豎立(li)《秦州鄉賢祠記》碑(bei)(bei)一通(tong)，高175厘米(mi)，寬79厘米(mi)，厚(hou)26厘米(mi)。碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)545字，文(wen)(wen)字清晰可辨，是(shi)明(ming)代成化十五(wu)年(巳亥)，即(ji)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1479年刻立(li)的石碑(bei)(bei)(此碑(bei)(bei)現存天(tian)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)廟碑(bei)(bei)廊)。

據考門(men)克新故居在門(men)家(jia)河村，門(men)氏(shi)后裔一支遷往秦(qin)州城(cheng)楊家(jia)樓59號院(yuan)居住，此院(yuan)為一進(jin)二院(yuan)，主北(bei)房座北(bei)朝南(nan)，抬梁五檁六椽(chuan)，補作間(jian)鋪作一斗，攀(pan)間(jian)象鼻狀二朵云，懸(xuan)山(shan)頂(ding)，兩坡(po)水，有哺龍脊室。倒座已(yi)包檐，東西廈(sha)房，單坡(po)水。為明代早(zao)期四合院(yuan)建筑(zhu)(zhu)格局。在城(cheng)市改造(zao)中(zhong)，因(yin)商品房建筑(zhu)(zhu)用地需要被拆除。

門克新簡介

明(ming)洪(hong)武(wu)初(chu)為(wei)秦州教諭三十(shi)余(yu)年，受學(xue)者甚(shen)眾(zhong)。入朝述職后為(wei)官，初(chu)任左贊善，以博學(xue)、耿直見(jian)重。旋升遷官至禮部尚書，年近古稀(xi)，禮事多爛，不(bu)久病倒。皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)朱(zhu)元璋命太醫(yi)治療，又不(bu)停俸祿(lu)及至逝(shi)世。逝(shi)后皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)親自致祭，又命司禮監典簿楊馬兒祭奠(dian)于其(qi)家，歸葬(zang)故里秦州，墳塋墓地(di)在城(cheng)北泰山廟腳下(xia)。