生平經歷
早年經歷
建武元年(494年),蕭(xiao)寶融受封為隨(sui)郡王,食邑(yi)二千戶。
建武三(san)年(496年),蕭寶融(rong)擔(dan)任冠軍(jun)將軍(jun),兼領石頭戍軍(jun)事。
永泰元年(498年),蕭(xiao)寶融(rong)的父(fu)親齊明(ming)帝(di)蕭(xiao)鸞(luan)去(qu)世(shi),蕭(xiao)寶融(rong)的同(tong)母(mu)兄蕭(xiao)寶卷即位。
永元元年(499年),蕭寶卷改封(feng)蕭寶融為(wei)南康(kang)王,并任(ren)命他為(wei)持節,都督荊、雍、益、寧(ning)、梁、南秦、北秦七州軍事,西中郎(lang)將,荊州刺史。
勸進帝位
永元二年(nian)(500年(nian))十一月十八(ba)日,長史蕭穎胄殺輔國將(jiang)軍、巴西(xi)、梓潼(tong)二郡太守劉(liu)山陽(yang),擁戴南康(kang)王蕭寶融舉義(yi)。十一月十九日,蕭寶融對部下嚴格要求。又對部下說(shuo):“如今我親自率領晉陽(yang)的(de)軍隊前(qian)去翦除(chu)朝廷(ting)的(de)兇(xiong)孽,現(xian)在戰事吃(chi)緊,我們(men)(men)應該(gai)對人們(men)(men)多施恩惠,除(chu)了(le)已(yi)判斬首之(zhi)刑(xing)的(de)以外,其余的(de)一概釋放。原(yuan)來有職(zhi)務的(de),立即(ji)恢復原(yuan)職(zhi)。將(jiang)吏提升一級,現(xian)役人員有家(jia)屬的(de),發給他(ta)們(men)(men)官糧。其他(ta)各種雜役人員現(xian)在各軍中作戰士的(de),事成之(zhi)后,都寬(kuan)免為(wei)民。有關(guan)立功(gong)獎賞(shang)等辦(ban)法,再(zai)作其他(ta)規定。”
十(shi)一月(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)日,任(ren)命(ming)雍州刺(ci)史(shi)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)使持(chi)節、都(dou)督(du)前鋒諸(zhu)軍事(shi)、左將(jiang)軍。二(er)(er)十(shi)一日,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)(rong)任(ren)命(ming)蕭(xiao)穎胄為(wei)(wei)右將(jiang)軍、都(dou)督(du)行(xing)留(liu)諸(zhu)軍事(shi)。二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)日,蕭(xiao)衍(yan)等人上表(biao)勸請蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)(rong)即皇(huang)帝(di)(di)位。十(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)十(shi)日,群僚又上表(biao)進行(xing)勸進,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)(rong)都(dou)沒答應。十(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)七日,驍騎將(jiang)軍夏侯亶從(cong)京師(shi)來到江陵(ling),稱(cheng)宣德太后有令(ling):“西中郎(lang)將(jiang)、南康王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)(rong)宜繼承大(da)統,登臨帝(di)(di)位。等待清初宮內(nei)之后,便可施行(xing)帝(di)(di)王(wang)的號令(ling),如今(jin)暫且晉封為(wei)(wei)宣城、南瑯邪、南東海、東陽、臨海、新安(an)、尋陽、南郡、竟陵(ling)、宜都(dou)十(shi)郡為(wei)(wei)宣城王(wang),加封相國、荊州牧,加黃(huang)皞,下面設置臣屬(shu),遴選百官,西中郎(lang)府和南康國保(bao)留(liu)原來建制。軍隊(dui)所經之處,附(fu)近主管官長都(dou)必須(xu)依照舊典(dian),備法駕奉(feng)迎。”
登基大赦
永元三年(501年)正(zheng)月初(chu)(chu)十日(ri),蕭寶融正(zheng)式(shi)接受稱帝的建議,大(da)赦天(tian)下,只有梅蟲兒、茹法(fa)珍不予(yu)赦免。任命右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍蕭穎胄為(wei)(wei)(wei)左長史(shi),晉封為(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)軍將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍。蕭衍晉封為(wei)(wei)(wei)征東(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍。正(zheng)月,任命冠(guan)軍將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍楊公則為(wei)(wei)(wei)湘州刺史(shi),在城(cheng)南樹大(da)旗幕府。二月初(chu)(chu)一(yi)日(ri),任命冠(guan)軍長史(shi)王(wang)茂先為(wei)(wei)(wei)江州刺史(shi),冠(guan)軍將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍曹(cao)景宗為(wei)(wei)(wei)郢州刺史(shi),右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍、邵(shao)陵王(wang)蕭寶攸(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)荊州刺史(shi)。二月初(chu)(chu)五日(ri),群(qun)臣進上皇(huang)帝尊號(hao),設(she)立宗廟及南北(bei)郊祭祠。二月二十日(ri),梁(liang)王(wang)蕭衍率大(da)軍駐扎在沔口,郢州刺史(shi)張沖拒守。三月初(chu)(chu)三日(ri),張沖死,驃騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍薛元嗣等(deng)固城(cheng)拒守。
中興元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(501年)三(san)月十一日,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)正式即皇(huang)帝位,大赦天下(xia)(xia),改(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中興。文武官員(yuan)賜(si)位二(er)(er)等;鰥寡孤獨不能自養之人,每人賜(si)給(gei)谷(gu)五斛。任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)相國長史(shi)蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄為(wei)尚書令,晉(jin)安(an)王蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)義為(wei)司空,廬(lu)陵王蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)夤為(wei)徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),散騎常侍夏侯詳(xiang)為(wei)中領(ling)軍(jun)(jun),領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)偉為(wei)雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。三(san)月十二(er)(er)日,有關部門奏(zou)請封庶人蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)卷為(wei)零陽侯,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)下(xia)(xia)詔不答應。又奏(zou)請封他(ta)為(wei)涪陵王,下(xia)(xia)詔許(xu)可。之后,任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)尚書令蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄行荊州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),假黃鉞。三(san)月十八(ba)日,任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)征虜將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)柳惔為(wei)益、寧二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。三(san)月二(er)(er)十五日,任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)莊丘黑為(wei)梁、南(nan)秦二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)鄧元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起為(wei)廣州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。四(si)月初(chu)五日,下(xia)(xia)詔說:“荊、雍是我們(men)(men)當初(chu)舉義的根本(ben)所在,那里的有識之士為(wei)我們(men)(men)謀劃,精細之人為(wei)我們(men)(men)出力,現在我們(men)(men)應該(gai)對他(ta)們(men)(men)進(jin)行獎賞,只(zhi)要(yao)是跟隨我東征討伐朝中奸惡(e)的,都要(yao)免除勞(lao)役。”
平定建康
中(zhong)(zhong)興元(yuan)年(501年)五月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)來(lai)到竹林(lin)寺禪(chan)房,宴會(hui)群臣。巴(ba)西(xi)太(tai)守魯(lu)(lu)休烈(lie)、巴(ba)東太(tai)守蕭(xiao)惠訓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)蕭(xiao)璝抗拒義(yi)師。七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),東軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)帥吳子(zi)陽十(shi)(shi)三軍(jun)(jun)救援郢(ying)州(zhou)(zhou),兵(bing)駐加(jia)湖(hu)。七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初五日(ri)(ri),被征虜(lu)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)王(wang)茂(mao)先擊破。七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)九日(ri)(ri),任命(ming)(ming)王(wang)茂(mao)先為中(zhong)(zhong)護軍(jun)(jun)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)(ri),魯(lu)(lu)山城主(zhu)將(jiang)孫樂祖獻城投降。七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),郢(ying)城主(zhu)將(jiang)薛元(yuan)嗣投降。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),平(ping)西(xi)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宣布(bu)投降。不(bu)久,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)任命(ming)(ming)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為江州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史,任命(ming)(ming)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)陳(chen)虎牙為徐州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史。九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔令蕭(xiao)衍如果平(ping)定(ding)京城,可以自行決斷處置,不(bu)必上奏請旨。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初五日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)任命(ming)(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)李元(yuan)履為豫州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),尚書(shu)令、鎮軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄去世,任命(ming)(ming)黃門郎蕭(xiao)澹行荊州(zhou)(zhou)府事(shi)。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)璝、魯(lu)(lu)休烈(lie)向齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)投降。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初六日(ri)(ri),齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)平(ping)定(ding)建康城。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初九日(ri)(ri),皇太(tai)后下(xia)令任命(ming)(ming)蕭(xiao)衍為大司馬(ma)、錄尚書(shu)事(shi)、驃(piao)騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史,并(bing)封他(ta)為建安(an)郡公,比照晉(jin)武陵(ling)王(wang)司馬(ma)遵的先例,承制總(zong)攬政務,文武百官向其致(zhi)敬(jing)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),改封建安(an)王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)夤為鄱陽王(wang)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri),任命(ming)(ming)司徒(tu)、揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史晉(jin)安(an)王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)義(yi)為太(tai)尉,領司徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),賞賜大司馬(ma)蕭(xiao)衍錢(qian)幣二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)萬,布(bu)絹(juan)各五千(qian)匹。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)(ri),任命(ming)(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)宏為中(zhong)(zhong)護軍(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二(er)(er)年(502年)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初九(jiu)日(ri),宣德太后臨朝稱制,入居皇(huang)宮內殿。并且解除大(da)司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)的承制。正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初十日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命寧朔將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)昺監(jian)管南(nan)兗州(zhou)。正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)十三日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命大(da)司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)都督(du)中外諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)事,加(jia)(jia)(jia)殊禮。正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命大(da)司(si)馬(ma)(ma)長史(shi)王(wang)亮為(wei)(wei)守尚書令。正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十五日(ri),詔令大(da)司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)進位相(xiang)國,總攝朝廷(ting)一切政務,并兼(jian)任(ren)(ren)揚州(zhou)牧,封十郡為(wei)(wei)梁(liang)公,配備九(jiu)錫之禮,加(jia)(jia)(jia)遠游冠,位在諸(zhu)王(wang)上,加(jia)(jia)(jia)相(xiang)國綠騑綬,此舉大(da)大(da)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)了蕭(xiao)衍(yan)的勢(shi)力。正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)三十日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命新授職的右將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)曹景(jing)宗為(wei)(wei)郢州(zhou)刺史(shi)。
二(er)(er)月(yue)初三日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融誅(zhu)殺(sha)湘東王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)晊。二(er)(er)月(yue)初九日(ri),下詔梁(liang)公蕭(xiao)衍(yan)晉封(feng)為梁(liang)王(wang),增封(feng)十郡。三月(yue)初七日(ri),皇太后(hou)下令賜(si)梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)錢五百萬,布五千匹。三月(yue)十三日(ri),鄱陽王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)寅投奔北魏,誅(zhu)殺(sha)邵陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)攸、晉熙王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)嵩、桂陽王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)貞。之(zhi)后(hou)命(ming)梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)冠冕可(ke)用十二(er)(er)旒,建天子旌(jing)旗,出(chu)行(xing)時警戒清道(dao),禁(jin)止行(xing)人,乘金銀馬車,可(ke)駕(jia)六(liu)馬,其余(yu)形(xing)制也同(tong)天子一(yi)般(ban),朝(chao)廷(ting)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)一(yi)手遮天,朝(chao)廷(ting)大(da)權(quan)盡入他人之(zhi)手。三月(yue)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)日(ri),任命(ming)冠軍長史(shi)蕭(xiao)秀為南徐州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),新授職的中領軍蔡道(dao)恭為司州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融東回(hui)到姑熟。三月(yue)二(er)(er)十八日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融被迫禪位給梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan),南朝(chao)齊滅亡。
四(si)月初三日(ri)(ri),禪(chan)位詔(zhao)書下(xia)達,皇太(tai)后退居(ju)(ju)外宮(gong)。四(si)月初九日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)衍封蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)為巴陵(ling)王,王宮(gong)設在姑(gu)熟,仍(reng)然使(shi)用齊朝(chao)的歷法,一切照(zhao)先例進行。當時,蕭(xiao)衍想(xiang)以南海郡為巴陵(ling)國,遷蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)前(qian)去居(ju)(ju)住(zhu),可(ke)是,沈(shen)約(yue)卻(que)對蕭(xiao)衍說(shuo):“古今不同,當年魏武帝曹操曾經說(shuo)過:‘不可(ke)以慕虛名而受實禍。’”蕭(xiao)衍聽后點(dian)頭同意,于(yu)四(si)月初十派遣(qian)親信鄭伯禽(qin)到姑(gu)孰(shu),把生金(jin)子(zi)給(gei)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong),讓(rang)他(ta)吞下(xia)去,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)說(shuo):“我死(si)不須(xu)用金(jin)子(zi),有(you)醇(chun)酒就足夠。”于(yu)是,就給(gei)他(ta)飲(yin)酒,喝(he)的爛醉,鄭伯禽(qin)上前(qian)將其殺死(si)。時年十五(wu)歲(sui)。追謚為齊和帝,葬(zang)于(yu)恭安陵(ling)。巴陵(ling)王爵位由其兄長蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)義繼承。
歷史評價
蕭子顯《南齊書》:“和帝晚隆,掃難(nan)清宮。達(da)機睹運,高頌永終。”