生平經歷
早年經歷
建武(wu)元年(nian)(494年(nian)),蕭寶融受(shou)封(feng)為隨郡王,食邑二千戶(hu)。
建(jian)武三年(496年),蕭寶融擔任冠軍(jun)將軍(jun),兼領(ling)石頭戍軍(jun)事(shi)。
永泰元年(498年),蕭寶(bao)融的父親齊明帝(di)蕭鸞去世,蕭寶(bao)融的同母兄(xiong)蕭寶(bao)卷即位。
永元元年(nian)(499年(nian)),蕭寶卷改封(feng)蕭寶融為南(nan)康(kang)王,并任命他為持(chi)節(jie),都督(du)荊、雍、益、寧、梁、南(nan)秦、北(bei)秦七州軍事,西中郎將,荊州刺史。
勸進帝位
永(yong)元二年(500年)十一月(yue)十八日,長史蕭(xiao)穎胄殺輔國將(jiang)(jiang)軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守(shou)劉山陽,擁戴南康王蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融舉(ju)義。十一月(yue)十九日,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融對部下嚴格要(yao)求。又對部下說:“如今我親自率(lv)領晉陽的(de)(de)軍隊(dui)前去翦(jian)除朝廷的(de)(de)兇(xiong)孽(nie),現(xian)在(zai)戰(zhan)事吃緊,我們(men)(men)應該對人(ren)們(men)(men)多施恩惠,除了已(yi)判斬首之(zhi)刑的(de)(de)以(yi)外(wai),其余的(de)(de)一概釋放。原來有(you)職務(wu)的(de)(de),立(li)即恢復原職。將(jiang)(jiang)吏提升一級,現(xian)役人(ren)員有(you)家屬的(de)(de),發給他(ta)們(men)(men)官(guan)糧。其他(ta)各種雜(za)役人(ren)員現(xian)在(zai)各軍中作戰(zhan)士的(de)(de),事成之(zhi)后,都寬免為民。有(you)關立(li)功獎賞等辦法,再作其他(ta)規定。”
十(shi)(shi)(shi)一月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日,任(ren)命雍(yong)州刺史(shi)蕭衍為(wei)使持(chi)節、都(dou)督前鋒諸軍(jun)(jun)事、左將軍(jun)(jun)。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一日,蕭寶(bao)融(rong)任(ren)命蕭穎胄為(wei)右將軍(jun)(jun)、都(dou)督行(xing)(xing)留諸軍(jun)(jun)事。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日,蕭衍等人(ren)上表勸請蕭寶(bao)融(rong)即皇(huang)帝(di)位。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日,群僚又上表進(jin)行(xing)(xing)勸進(jin),蕭寶(bao)融(rong)都(dou)沒答應。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七日,驍(xiao)騎將軍(jun)(jun)夏(xia)侯(hou)亶從(cong)京師(shi)來到江陵,稱(cheng)宣德太后有令(ling):“西(xi)中郎(lang)將、南康王蕭寶(bao)融(rong)宜繼承大統,登臨帝(di)位。等待清初(chu)宮(gong)內之(zhi)后,便可(ke)施行(xing)(xing)帝(di)王的號令(ling),如今(jin)暫且晉封為(wei)宣城(cheng)、南瑯邪(xie)、南東(dong)海、東(dong)陽、臨海、新安、尋(xun)陽、南郡、竟(jing)陵、宜都(dou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)郡為(wei)宣城(cheng)王,加封相國(guo)、荊州牧,加黃(huang)皞,下(xia)面(mian)設置臣屬,遴選(xuan)百官,西(xi)中郎(lang)府和南康國(guo)保留原來建制。軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)所經之(zhi)處,附近主管官長都(dou)必須依照舊典,備法(fa)駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永(yong)元(yuan)三(san)年(501年)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初十日,蕭寶融正(zheng)式接(jie)受(shou)稱帝(di)的建(jian)議,大(da)赦(she)天(tian)下,只有梅蟲兒、茹法(fa)珍不予(yu)赦(she)免。任(ren)(ren)命右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭穎胄為(wei)(wei)左長史,晉(jin)封為(wei)(wei)鎮軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。蕭衍晉(jin)封為(wei)(wei)征(zheng)東(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue),任(ren)(ren)命冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)楊(yang)公則為(wei)(wei)湘州刺史,在城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)樹大(da)旗幕(mu)府。二月(yue)(yue)(yue)初一日,任(ren)(ren)命冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)長史王茂先為(wei)(wei)江(jiang)州刺史,冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)曹景宗為(wei)(wei)郢州刺史,右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、邵陵王蕭寶攸(you)為(wei)(wei)荊州刺史。二月(yue)(yue)(yue)初五日,群臣進上皇帝(di)尊號,設立宗廟及南(nan)北(bei)郊(jiao)祭祠。二月(yue)(yue)(yue)二十日,梁王蕭衍率大(da)軍(jun)(jun)駐扎在沔口,郢州刺史張沖(chong)拒守(shou)(shou)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初三(san)日,張沖(chong)死,驃騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)薛(xue)元(yuan)嗣等固城(cheng)(cheng)拒守(shou)(shou)。
中(zhong)興元年(nian)(501年(nian))三(san)月(yue)十(shi)一日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融正式即皇(huang)帝(di)位,大赦天下,改(gai)元中(zhong)興。文武(wu)官員(yuan)賜位二(er)(er)等;鰥寡(gua)孤獨不能自養之(zhi)人(ren),每人(ren)賜給谷五(wu)斛。任命相國長史(shi)(shi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄為(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)書令(ling)(ling),晉安(an)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義為(wei)(wei)(wei)司空,廬(lu)陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)夤(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)徐州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi),散騎常(chang)侍夏侯詳為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun),領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)偉(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)二(er)(er)日,有(you)關部門(men)奏請封庶(shu)人(ren)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)卷為(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)陽侯,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融下詔(zhao)不答(da)應(ying)。又奏請封他為(wei)(wei)(wei)涪陵王(wang),下詔(zhao)許(xu)可。之(zhi)后,任命尚(shang)書令(ling)(ling)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄行荊(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi),假黃鉞。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)八日,任命征虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)柳惔為(wei)(wei)(wei)益、寧二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)。三(san)月(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)日,任命冠軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)莊丘黑(hei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)梁(liang)、南秦二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi),冠軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)鄧元起為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)。四月(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日,下詔(zhao)說:“荊(jing)、雍(yong)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)當(dang)初(chu)舉義的根本(ben)所(suo)在,那里的有(you)識之(zhi)士為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)謀劃,精細之(zhi)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)出力,現在我(wo)(wo)們(men)應(ying)該對他們(men)進行獎賞,只要是跟隨我(wo)(wo)東征討伐(fa)朝中(zhong)奸惡的,都要免(mian)除勞役。”
平定建康
中(zhong)興元(yuan)年(501年)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融來到(dao)竹(zhu)林(lin)寺(si)禪房,宴會群臣。巴(ba)西(xi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守魯休烈、巴(ba)東(dong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)惠訓之(zhi)子(zi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝抗拒(ju)義師。七月(yue)(yue)(yue),東(dong)軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)帥吳子(zi)陽十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三軍(jun)(jun)救援(yuan)郢州(zhou),兵駐加湖。七月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),被征虜將軍(jun)(jun)王(wang)(wang)茂先(xian)(xian)擊破。七月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)茂先(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)護(hu)(hu)軍(jun)(jun)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),魯山城主(zhu)將孫(sun)樂祖獻城投(tou)降(jiang)。七月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri),郢城主(zhu)將薛元(yuan)嗣投(tou)降(jiang)。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),平西(xi)將軍(jun)(jun)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)宣(xuan)布投(tou)降(jiang)。不久(jiu),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)江(jiang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)陳(chen)伯之(zhi)之(zhi)子(zi)陳(chen)虎牙為(wei)(wei)徐州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),下詔令(ling)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)如果平定京城,可以自行決斷處置,不必上奏請(qing)旨(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)輔(fu)國將軍(jun)(jun)李(li)元(yuan)履為(wei)(wei)豫(yu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),尚書(shu)(shu)令(ling)、鎮軍(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄去世(shi),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)門郎蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)澹行荊(jing)州(zhou)府事。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝、魯休烈向齊軍(jun)(jun)投(tou)降(jiang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)六(liu)日(ri)(ri),齊軍(jun)(jun)平定建(jian)康城。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)(ri),皇太(tai)(tai)(tai)后下令(ling)任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)大(da)司(si)馬(ma)、錄尚書(shu)(shu)事、驃騎大(da)將軍(jun)(jun)、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),并(bing)封他為(wei)(wei)建(jian)安郡公,比(bi)照晉(jin)武陵王(wang)(wang)司(si)馬(ma)遵(zun)的先(xian)(xian)例(li),承(cheng)制總(zong)攬(lan)政務,文武百官向其致敬(jing)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),改封建(jian)安王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)鄱陽王(wang)(wang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)司(si)徒(tu)、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)晉(jin)安王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)義為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)尉,領司(si)徒(tu)之(zhi)職。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),賞賜大(da)司(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢(qian)幣(bi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)千萬,布絹(juan)各五(wu)千匹。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)輔(fu)國將軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宏為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)護(hu)(hu)軍(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興(xing)二(er)年(502年)正月初九日(ri),宣德太后臨朝稱制,入居皇宮內(nei)殿。并(bing)且解除(chu)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)的承制。正月初十日(ri),任命(ming)寧朔(shuo)將(jiang)軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)昺監管南兗州(zhou)。正月十三(san)日(ri),任命(ming)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)都督(du)中外諸軍(jun)事(shi),加(jia)殊禮(li)(li)。正月二(er)十日(ri),任命(ming)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)馬(ma)長(chang)史(shi)王(wang)亮為(wei)(wei)守尚書令(ling)。正月二(er)十五(wu)日(ri),詔(zhao)令(ling)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)進(jin)位相(xiang)國,總攝朝廷一切政務,并(bing)兼任揚州(zhou)牧(mu),封十郡為(wei)(wei)梁公,配備九錫之禮(li)(li),加(jia)遠游冠,位在諸王(wang)上(shang),加(jia)相(xiang)國綠騑綬(shou),此舉(ju)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增(zeng)加(jia)了蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)的勢力。正月三(san)十日(ri),任命(ming)新(xin)授(shou)職(zhi)的右將(jiang)軍(jun)曹景宗為(wei)(wei)郢州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。
二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初三(san)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融誅殺湘(xiang)東(dong)王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)晊。二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初九日(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔梁公(gong)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)晉(jin)封為梁王(wang)(wang),增封十(shi)郡(jun)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)初七日(ri)(ri),皇太后下(xia)令賜梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢五百萬,布(bu)五千匹。三(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)三(san)日(ri)(ri),鄱陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)寅投(tou)奔北魏,誅殺邵陵王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)攸(you)、晉(jin)熙王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)嵩、桂陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)貞。之(zhi)后命梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)冠冕可用十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)旒,建天(tian)子旌(jing)旗,出行時警戒清道,禁止行人,乘金銀馬(ma)車(che),可駕六馬(ma),其余形制也同天(tian)子一(yi)般,朝(chao)廷蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)一(yi)手遮天(tian),朝(chao)廷大(da)權(quan)盡(jin)入他人之(zhi)手。三(san)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),任命冠軍長史蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)秀為南徐州刺(ci)史,新授職的中(zhong)領(ling)軍蔡道恭(gong)為司州刺(ci)史。蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融東(dong)回到(dao)姑熟(shu)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融被迫禪位給梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan),南朝(chao)齊滅亡。
四月(yue)初(chu)三(san)日,禪位(wei)詔(zhao)書(shu)下(xia)達,皇太后退居外宮。四月(yue)初(chu)九日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍封蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融為(wei)巴(ba)陵(ling)王,王宮設在姑(gu)熟,仍然使用齊(qi)朝的(de)歷法(fa),一切照先例(li)進行。當時(shi),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍想以(yi)南海(hai)郡(jun)為(wei)巴(ba)陵(ling)國(guo),遷蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融前去居住,可(ke)是(shi),沈約卻對蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍說(shuo):“古今不(bu)同(tong),當年魏武帝曹操曾經說(shuo)過(guo):‘不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)慕(mu)虛(xu)名(ming)而受(shou)實(shi)禍。’”蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍聽后點頭同(tong)意,于四月(yue)初(chu)十(shi)派遣親信鄭伯(bo)禽到(dao)姑(gu)孰,把生(sheng)金(jin)子給(gei)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融,讓他吞下(xia)去,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融說(shuo):“我死不(bu)須用金(jin)子,有醇酒就(jiu)足夠。”于是(shi),就(jiu)給(gei)他飲酒,喝的(de)爛醉(zui),鄭伯(bo)禽上前將(jiang)其殺死。時(shi)年十(shi)五歲(sui)。追謚為(wei)齊(qi)和帝,葬(zang)于恭安陵(ling)。巴(ba)陵(ling)王爵位(wei)由其兄長蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義繼(ji)承(cheng)。
歷史評價
蕭子顯《南齊書(shu)》:“和帝晚隆,掃難(nan)清宮。達(da)機睹運,高頌永終。”