生平經歷
早年經歷
建武元年(494年),蕭寶(bao)融受(shou)封為隨郡(jun)王,食邑二千戶。
建武三年(496年),蕭寶融擔任冠軍將軍,兼領(ling)石頭戍軍事。
永泰(tai)元年(nian)(498年(nian)),蕭寶(bao)融的(de)父親(qin)齊明(ming)帝(di)蕭鸞去世,蕭寶(bao)融的(de)同母兄(xiong)蕭寶(bao)卷即位。
永元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(499年(nian)),蕭寶卷(juan)改封(feng)蕭寶融為(wei)南(nan)康王(wang),并任命他為(wei)持(chi)節,都督荊(jing)、雍、益、寧、梁、南(nan)秦(qin)(qin)、北秦(qin)(qin)七州(zhou)軍事(shi),西(xi)中郎將,荊(jing)州(zhou)刺史。
勸進帝位
永(yong)元(yuan)二年(500年)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月十(shi)(shi)八日,長(chang)史蕭(xiao)穎胄殺輔國將軍、巴西(xi)、梓潼二郡太守(shou)劉山陽(yang)(yang),擁戴(dai)南康(kang)王蕭(xiao)寶融舉義(yi)。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月十(shi)(shi)九日,蕭(xiao)寶融對部下(xia)嚴格要求(qiu)。又對部下(xia)說:“如今(jin)我親自率領(ling)晉陽(yang)(yang)的(de)軍隊前去翦除朝(chao)廷的(de)兇孽(nie),現在(zai)戰(zhan)事吃緊,我們(men)(men)應該對人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)多施恩(en)惠,除了已判斬(zhan)首(shou)之(zhi)刑的(de)以外(wai),其(qi)余的(de)一(yi)概釋放。原來有(you)職務的(de),立(li)即恢復原職。將吏提升一(yi)級,現役人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有(you)家屬的(de),發給(gei)他(ta)們(men)(men)官糧。其(qi)他(ta)各(ge)種雜役人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)現在(zai)各(ge)軍中作(zuo)戰(zhan)士的(de),事成(cheng)之(zhi)后,都寬(kuan)免為民。有(you)關立(li)功(gong)獎(jiang)賞等(deng)辦法,再作(zuo)其(qi)他(ta)規定(ding)。”
十(shi)(shi)(shi)一月二十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命雍州刺史蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)為(wei)使持節、都(dou)督前鋒諸軍事、左將(jiang)軍。二十(shi)(shi)(shi)一日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融任(ren)命蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄為(wei)右將(jiang)軍、都(dou)督行留(liu)諸軍事。二十(shi)(shi)(shi)二日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)等(deng)人上(shang)表勸(quan)請(qing)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融即皇帝位(wei)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),群僚又上(shang)表進(jin)行勸(quan)進(jin),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融都(dou)沒答應(ying)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月二十(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri),驍騎將(jiang)軍夏(xia)侯亶(dan)從(cong)京師(shi)來到江陵,稱宣德太(tai)后有令:“西中郎將(jiang)、南(nan)康王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融宜繼承大統,登(deng)臨帝位(wei)。等(deng)待清初宮內(nei)之后,便可(ke)施行帝王的號(hao)令,如今暫(zan)且晉封(feng)為(wei)宣城、南(nan)瑯(lang)邪、南(nan)東(dong)海(hai)、東(dong)陽、臨海(hai)、新(xin)安、尋陽、南(nan)郡(jun)、竟陵、宜都(dou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)郡(jun)為(wei)宣城王,加封(feng)相(xiang)國(guo)、荊州牧,加黃皞,下面設置臣屬,遴選百(bai)官,西中郎府(fu)和南(nan)康國(guo)保留(liu)原來建制。軍隊所經之處,附(fu)近主(zhu)管官長都(dou)必須依照(zhao)舊(jiu)典,備法(fa)駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永元三(san)(san)年(501年)正月(yue)初(chu)十(shi)日,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融(rong)正式接受稱帝(di)的建(jian)議,大赦天下,只有(you)梅(mei)蟲兒、茹(ru)法珍不(bu)予赦免。任(ren)命右將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄(zhou)為左(zuo)長(chang)史(shi)(shi)(shi),晉(jin)封為鎮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)晉(jin)封為征(zheng)東將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。正月(yue),任(ren)命冠軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)楊公則為湘州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),在城(cheng)南樹大旗幕府。二月(yue)初(chu)一日,任(ren)命冠軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)王茂先為江(jiang)州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),冠軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曹景宗(zong)(zong)為郢(ying)州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),右將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、邵陵(ling)王蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)攸為荊(jing)州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。二月(yue)初(chu)五日,群臣進上皇帝(di)尊號,設立宗(zong)(zong)廟及南北(bei)郊祭(ji)祠。二月(yue)二十(shi)日,梁王蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)率大軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)駐扎在沔(mian)口,郢(ying)州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)張沖拒(ju)守。三(san)(san)月(yue)初(chu)三(san)(san)日,張沖死,驃騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)薛元嗣等固(gu)城(cheng)拒(ju)守。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)興元年(nian)(501年(nian))三月(yue)十(shi)一日(ri)(ri),蕭寶(bao)融正式即皇帝位,大赦天下(xia)(xia),改(gai)元中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)興。文武官員賜位二(er)等;鰥(guan)寡孤獨不(bu)能自養之人,每人賜給谷五(wu)斛。任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)相(xiang)國長史(shi)(shi)蕭穎胄為(wei)尚(shang)書(shu)令,晉安(an)王(wang)蕭寶(bao)義(yi)為(wei)司空,廬陵王(wang)蕭寶(bao)夤(yin)為(wei)徐州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),散(san)騎常侍(shi)夏侯(hou)詳為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)領軍(jun),領軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)蕭偉為(wei)雍(yong)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。三月(yue)十(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri),有關部(bu)門奏請封庶人蕭寶(bao)卷為(wei)零陽侯(hou),蕭寶(bao)融下(xia)(xia)詔不(bu)答應(ying)(ying)。又(you)奏請封他為(wei)涪陵王(wang),下(xia)(xia)詔許可。之后,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)尚(shang)書(shu)令蕭穎胄行荊州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),假黃鉞。三月(yue)十(shi)八日(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)征虜(lu)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)柳惔為(wei)益(yi)、寧二(er)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。三月(yue)二(er)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)冠軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)莊丘黑為(wei)梁、南秦二(er)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),冠軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)鄧元起為(wei)廣(guang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。四月(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),下(xia)(xia)詔說(shuo):“荊、雍(yong)是我(wo)(wo)們(men)當初(chu)舉義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)根本所在,那里(li)的(de)(de)(de)有識之士為(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)謀(mou)劃,精細之人為(wei)我(wo)(wo)們(men)出力,現在我(wo)(wo)們(men)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)對他們(men)進行獎賞,只要(yao)是跟(gen)隨(sui)我(wo)(wo)東征討(tao)伐朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)奸惡的(de)(de)(de),都要(yao)免除勞役。”
平定建康
中(zhong)興元(yuan)(yuan)年(501年)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融來到竹林寺禪房(fang),宴會群臣。巴西太守(shou)魯休烈、巴東太守(shou)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)惠訓之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)抗拒義師。七月(yue)(yue),東軍(jun)(jun)(jun)主帥吳子(zi)陽(yang)十(shi)(shi)三(san)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)救援郢州(zhou),兵駐加湖。七月(yue)(yue)初五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri),被征虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)王(wang)茂(mao)先(xian)擊破。七月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命王(wang)茂(mao)先(xian)為(wei)中(zhong)護軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri),魯山(shan)城主將(jiang)孫(sun)樂(le)祖獻城投降(jiang)(jiang)。七月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七日(ri),郢城主將(jiang)薛元(yuan)(yuan)嗣投降(jiang)(jiang)。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri),平(ping)西將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)陳伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)布投降(jiang)(jiang)。不(bu)久,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融任(ren)(ren)命陳伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)江州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),任(ren)(ren)命陳伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)陳虎牙(ya)為(wei)徐州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)初四(si)日(ri),下詔令蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍如果平(ping)定京城,可以自行(xing)(xing)決(jue)斷處置,不(bu)必上奏(zou)請(qing)旨(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)初五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)融任(ren)(ren)命輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)李元(yuan)(yuan)履為(wei)豫州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri),尚書令、鎮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎(ying)胄去世(shi),任(ren)(ren)命黃門郎(lang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)澹行(xing)(xing)荊州(zhou)府事。十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)、魯休烈向齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)投降(jiang)(jiang)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初六日(ri),齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)平(ping)定建(jian)康城。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初九(jiu)日(ri),皇太后下令任(ren)(ren)命蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍為(wei)大司馬(ma)、錄尚書事、驃騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),并封他(ta)為(wei)建(jian)安郡公,比照晉武陵王(wang)司馬(ma)遵的先(xian)例,承制總攬政(zheng)務,文武百官向其致敬。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri),改封建(jian)安王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)夤為(wei)鄱陽(yang)王(wang)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)三(san)日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命司徒、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)晉安王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)義為(wei)太尉(wei),領(ling)司徒之(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)四(si)日(ri),賞賜(si)大司馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍錢幣(bi)二(er)(er)千萬(wan),布絹(juan)各五(wu)(wu)(wu)千匹。十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宏為(wei)中(zhong)護軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二年(502年)正(zheng)月(yue)初九日(ri)(ri)(ri),宣德太后臨(lin)朝(chao)稱制,入居皇宮內殿。并(bing)且解(jie)除大司(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍的承制。正(zheng)月(yue)初十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)寧朔將軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)昺(bing)監管南兗州。正(zheng)月(yue)十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)大司(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍為都督中外諸(zhu)(zhu)軍(jun)事,加(jia)殊禮。正(zheng)月(yue)二十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)大司(si)(si)馬(ma)長(chang)史王亮為守尚書(shu)令。正(zheng)月(yue)二十(shi)五日(ri)(ri)(ri),詔令大司(si)(si)馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍進位相國,總攝(she)朝(chao)廷一切政務,并(bing)兼任(ren)(ren)揚州牧,封十(shi)郡(jun)為梁公,配備九錫之禮,加(jia)遠游(you)冠,位在諸(zhu)(zhu)王上(shang),加(jia)相國綠騑綬,此(ci)舉大大增加(jia)了蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍的勢力。正(zheng)月(yue)三十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)新授職的右將軍(jun)曹(cao)景宗為郢(ying)州刺史。
二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初三(san)日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)誅殺(sha)湘(xiang)東王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)晊。二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初九日(ri),下(xia)詔梁公蕭(xiao)衍(yan)晉(jin)(jin)封(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)梁王(wang)(wang),增封(feng)(feng)十郡。三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)初七日(ri),皇太后下(xia)令賜梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)錢五百萬,布五千匹。三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)十三(san)日(ri),鄱(po)陽王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寅投奔北魏,誅殺(sha)邵陵王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)攸、晉(jin)(jin)熙王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)嵩、桂(gui)陽王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)貞。之后命梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)冠(guan)冕(mian)可用(yong)十二(er)(er)旒,建天(tian)子(zi)旌旗,出(chu)行時警戒清道,禁止行人(ren),乘金(jin)銀馬(ma)(ma)車,可駕六馬(ma)(ma),其余形制(zhi)也(ye)同天(tian)子(zi)一般,朝廷(ting)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)一手(shou)遮天(tian),朝廷(ting)大權盡入(ru)他(ta)人(ren)之手(shou)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)日(ri),任命冠(guan)軍長史蕭(xiao)秀為(wei)(wei)南徐(xu)州(zhou)刺史,新授(shou)職的中(zhong)領軍蔡道恭為(wei)(wei)司州(zhou)刺史。蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)東回到姑熟(shu)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十八日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)被迫禪(chan)位給(gei)梁王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)衍(yan),南朝齊滅亡。
四月初(chu)三日,禪位詔(zhao)書(shu)下(xia)達,皇太后退居(ju)外宮。四月初(chu)九(jiu)日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍封蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)陵(ling)王(wang),王(wang)宮設在姑熟,仍然使用齊(qi)朝的歷法,一切(qie)照先例進行。當時,蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍想以南海郡為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)陵(ling)國(guo),遷蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)前去居(ju)住,可是,沈(shen)約卻對蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍說:“古今不(bu)同,當年(nian)魏(wei)武帝曹(cao)操曾經說過:‘不(bu)可以慕虛名而受(shou)實禍(huo)。’”蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍聽后點頭(tou)同意,于(yu)四月初(chu)十派遣(qian)親信(xin)鄭伯(bo)禽到姑孰,把生金子(zi)給蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong),讓他吞下(xia)去,蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)說:“我死不(bu)須用金子(zi),有醇酒(jiu)(jiu)就足夠。”于(yu)是,就給他飲酒(jiu)(jiu),喝的爛醉(zui),鄭伯(bo)禽上(shang)前將其殺死。時年(nian)十五歲。追(zhui)謚為(wei)齊(qi)和帝,葬于(yu)恭安陵(ling)。巴(ba)(ba)陵(ling)王(wang)爵位由(you)其兄(xiong)長蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶義繼承。
歷史評價
蕭(xiao)子顯《南齊書》:“和(he)帝晚隆,掃(sao)難清宮(gong)。達機(ji)睹運,高頌永終。”