生平經歷
早年經歷
建(jian)武元(yuan)年(494年),蕭(xiao)寶融受封為隨(sui)郡王,食邑二千戶(hu)。
建(jian)武三年(496年),蕭寶融擔任(ren)冠(guan)軍將軍,兼領石頭(tou)戍(shu)軍事。
永(yong)泰元年(nian)(498年(nian)),蕭(xiao)寶融的(de)父親齊(qi)明帝蕭(xiao)鸞去(qu)世,蕭(xiao)寶融的(de)同母兄(xiong)蕭(xiao)寶卷即位。
永元元年(nian)(499年(nian)),蕭寶卷(juan)改封蕭寶融為南康(kang)王(wang),并(bing)任命(ming)他為持節,都督荊、雍(yong)、益(yi)、寧(ning)、梁、南秦、北秦七州(zhou)軍事,西中郎將,荊州(zhou)刺史。
勸進帝位
永元二年(500年)十一月十八(ba)日,長史蕭穎胄殺輔國(guo)將軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守劉山陽,擁(yong)戴南康王(wang)蕭寶融舉義。十一月十九日,蕭寶融對(dui)部(bu)(bu)下嚴格要求。又對(dui)部(bu)(bu)下說:“如今我親自率領晉陽的軍隊前(qian)去翦(jian)除(chu)朝(chao)廷的兇孽,現在(zai)戰事吃緊(jin),我們應該(gai)對(dui)人們多(duo)施恩(en)惠(hui),除(chu)了已判(pan)斬首之刑(xing)的以外,其余的一概釋放。原來(lai)有(you)職務的,立(li)即恢(hui)復原職。將吏提升(sheng)一級,現役人員(yuan)有(you)家屬的,發給他們官糧(liang)。其他各(ge)種(zhong)雜役人員(yuan)現在(zai)各(ge)軍中作戰士的,事成(cheng)之后(hou),都(dou)寬免為民(min)。有(you)關立(li)功獎賞等辦法,再作其他規定(ding)。”
十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)二十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命(ming)雍(yong)州刺史蕭衍(yan)為(wei)使(shi)持節、都(dou)(dou)督(du)前鋒諸軍(jun)事(shi)、左將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。二十(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭寶融任命(ming)蕭穎胄為(wei)右將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、都(dou)(dou)督(du)行(xing)(xing)留諸軍(jun)事(shi)。二十(shi)二日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭衍(yan)等(deng)人上表(biao)勸請蕭寶融即皇(huang)帝(di)(di)位。十(shi)二月(yue)十(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),群僚又上表(biao)進行(xing)(xing)勸進,蕭寶融都(dou)(dou)沒答應(ying)。十(shi)二月(yue)二十(shi)七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),驍騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)夏侯亶從京師來到江陵(ling),稱宣德太后有令:“西(xi)中郎將(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)(nan)康王蕭寶融宜繼承大統,登臨(lin)帝(di)(di)位。等(deng)待(dai)清初宮內之(zhi)后,便可(ke)施(shi)行(xing)(xing)帝(di)(di)王的(de)號(hao)令,如今暫且晉封為(wei)宣城、南(nan)(nan)瑯邪、南(nan)(nan)東海(hai)、東陽、臨(lin)海(hai)、新安、尋陽、南(nan)(nan)郡、竟陵(ling)、宜都(dou)(dou)十(shi)郡為(wei)宣城王,加封相國、荊州牧(mu),加黃皞(hao),下面設(she)置臣屬,遴選百官,西(xi)中郎府和南(nan)(nan)康國保留原來建制。軍(jun)隊(dui)所經之(zhi)處,附近主(zhu)管官長都(dou)(dou)必須(xu)依照舊典(dian),備(bei)法(fa)駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永(yong)元三年(501年)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初十(shi)日(ri)(ri),蕭寶融正(zheng)式接(jie)受(shou)稱帝(di)的建議(yi),大(da)赦天下,只(zhi)有(you)梅蟲兒、茹法珍不予赦免。任命右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)蕭穎胄為左長史(shi),晉(jin)封(feng)為鎮軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。蕭衍(yan)晉(jin)封(feng)為征(zheng)東將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue),任命冠軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)楊公則為湘州刺(ci)史(shi),在城南樹(shu)大(da)旗(qi)幕府。二(er)月(yue)(yue)初一日(ri)(ri),任命冠軍(jun)長史(shi)王茂(mao)先為江州刺(ci)史(shi),冠軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)曹(cao)景宗(zong)為郢州刺(ci)史(shi),右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、邵陵王蕭寶攸(you)為荊州刺(ci)史(shi)。二(er)月(yue)(yue)初五日(ri)(ri),群臣進上皇(huang)帝(di)尊號,設立宗(zong)廟及南北郊(jiao)祭祠(ci)。二(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)日(ri)(ri),梁王蕭衍(yan)率大(da)軍(jun)駐扎在沔口(kou),郢州刺(ci)史(shi)張沖拒守(shou)。三月(yue)(yue)初三日(ri)(ri),張沖死,驃(piao)騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)薛元嗣等固城拒守(shou)。
中(zhong)興(xing)(xing)元(yuan)年(501年)三(san)月(yue)十(shi)一日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)正(zheng)式即(ji)皇帝(di)位(wei),大(da)赦(she)天下(xia),改元(yuan)中(zhong)興(xing)(xing)。文武(wu)官員賜位(wei)二(er)(er)等;鰥寡(gua)孤獨(du)不(bu)能自養之人(ren),每人(ren)賜給谷五(wu)(wu)斛。任(ren)(ren)命相國(guo)長史蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎(ying)胄(zhou)為(wei)尚書令,晉(jin)安王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶義(yi)(yi)為(wei)司(si)空(kong),廬陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶夤為(wei)徐州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史,散騎常侍夏侯(hou)詳為(wei)中(zhong)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun),領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)偉為(wei)雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri),有(you)關部門奏請封(feng)庶人(ren)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶卷(juan)為(wei)零陽侯(hou),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)下(xia)詔(zhao)不(bu)答應(ying)。又奏請封(feng)他(ta)為(wei)涪(fu)陵王(wang),下(xia)詔(zhao)許可。之后(hou),任(ren)(ren)命尚書令蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎(ying)胄(zhou)行荊州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史,假黃鉞。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)八日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命征(zheng)虜將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)柳惔為(wei)益、寧二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史。三(san)月(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri),任(ren)(ren)命冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)莊丘黑為(wei)梁、南秦二(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史,冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)鄧元(yuan)起(qi)為(wei)廣州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史。四月(yue)初五(wu)(wu)日(ri),下(xia)詔(zhao)說:“荊、雍(yong)是我(wo)們當初舉(ju)義(yi)(yi)的根(gen)本(ben)所(suo)在,那里的有(you)識之士為(wei)我(wo)們謀劃,精細之人(ren)為(wei)我(wo)們出力,現(xian)在我(wo)們應(ying)該對(dui)他(ta)們進行獎賞,只要是跟隨我(wo)東(dong)征(zheng)討伐朝中(zhong)奸惡的,都要免除勞役。”
平定建康
中興元(yuan)年(501年)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)(rong)來到竹林寺禪房(fang),宴會(hui)群臣。巴西太守(shou)魯休烈、巴東太守(shou)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)惠訓之(zhi)子(zi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)抗拒義(yi)師。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),東軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)帥吳子(zi)陽(yang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)救援郢州(zhou),兵駐加湖。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),被征虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)王茂先(xian)擊破。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)王茂先(xian)為(wei)(wei)中護軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),魯山城主(zhu)將(jiang)孫樂(le)祖(zu)獻城投降。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),郢城主(zhu)將(jiang)薛元(yuan)嗣(si)投降。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)(ri)(ri),平(ping)西將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陳伯之(zhi)宣布(bu)投降。不久,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)(rong)任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)陳伯之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)江州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)陳伯之(zhi)之(zhi)子(zi)陳虎牙(ya)為(wei)(wei)徐州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)四日(ri)(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔令(ling)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)如(ru)果平(ping)定京城,可以(yi)自行(xing)決斷(duan)處置,不必上奏請旨。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)(rong)任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)李元(yuan)履為(wei)(wei)豫(yu)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),尚書令(ling)、鎮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄去世,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)黃(huang)門郎蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)澹(dan)行(xing)荊州(zhou)府事。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)、魯休烈向齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)投降。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)六日(ri)(ri)(ri),齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)平(ping)定建(jian)康(kang)城。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)九(jiu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),皇(huang)太后下(xia)令(ling)任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)司(si)馬、錄尚書事、驃騎大(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),并(bing)封他為(wei)(wei)建(jian)安(an)郡(jun)公,比(bi)照晉武陵王司(si)馬遵的(de)先(xian)例,承制總(zong)攬政(zheng)務,文武百(bai)官向其致(zhi)敬(jing)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),改封建(jian)安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)鄱陽(yang)王。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)司(si)徒、揚州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)晉安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義(yi)為(wei)(wei)太尉,領司(si)徒之(zhi)職。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)(ri)(ri),賞賜大(da)(da)司(si)馬蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢幣二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)萬,布(bu)絹各五(wu)千(qian)(qian)匹。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宏為(wei)(wei)中護軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二年(nian)(502年(nian))正月初九(jiu)日(ri),宣德太后臨朝稱制,入居皇宮內殿。并且解除大(da)司馬(ma)蕭衍的承制。正月初十(shi)日(ri),任(ren)命寧朔(shuo)將軍蕭昺監管(guan)南兗州。正月十(shi)三日(ri),任(ren)命大(da)司馬(ma)蕭衍為都(dou)督中外諸(zhu)軍事(shi),加殊(shu)禮。正月二十(shi)日(ri),任(ren)命大(da)司馬(ma)長史(shi)王亮為守尚書令。正月二十(shi)五(wu)日(ri),詔(zhao)令大(da)司馬(ma)蕭衍進位相(xiang)國,總(zong)攝(she)朝廷一切政務,并兼任(ren)揚(yang)州牧,封十(shi)郡(jun)為梁公,配備(bei)九(jiu)錫之禮,加遠(yuan)游冠,位在諸(zhu)王上,加相(xiang)國綠騑綬,此(ci)舉大(da)大(da)增加了蕭衍的勢(shi)力。正月三十(shi)日(ri),任(ren)命新授職的右將軍曹(cao)景宗為郢州刺史(shi)。
二(er)(er)月初(chu)(chu)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融誅(zhu)殺湘東王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)晊(zhi)。二(er)(er)月初(chu)(chu)九日(ri)(ri)(ri),下詔(zhao)梁(liang)公蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)晉封為(wei)梁(liang)王(wang),增封十郡。三月初(chu)(chu)七日(ri)(ri)(ri),皇太后下令賜(si)梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢五百萬,布五千匹(pi)。三月十三日(ri)(ri)(ri),鄱陽(yang)(yang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)寅投奔北魏,誅(zhu)殺邵陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)攸、晉熙王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)嵩(song)、桂陽(yang)(yang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)貞。之后命(ming)梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)冠冕可(ke)用十二(er)(er)旒,建天(tian)子旌旗(qi),出行(xing)時警(jing)戒清道(dao),禁止行(xing)人,乘金銀(yin)馬(ma)車,可(ke)駕六馬(ma),其(qi)余形制也同天(tian)子一般,朝廷蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)一手遮天(tian),朝廷大權盡入他人之手。三月二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)冠軍(jun)長史蕭(xiao)(xiao)秀為(wei)南徐州刺(ci)史,新授職的(de)中領軍(jun)蔡(cai)道(dao)恭為(wei)司(si)州刺(ci)史。蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融東回到姑熟。三月二(er)(er)十八(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融被迫(po)禪(chan)位給梁(liang)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan),南朝齊滅亡。
四月初三日,禪位詔書(shu)下達,皇太后(hou)退居外宮(gong)。四月初九日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)封蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)為(wei)巴陵(ling)(ling)王,王宮(gong)設在姑熟,仍然(ran)使用(yong)(yong)齊(qi)朝的歷法,一切(qie)照先例進行。當時(shi),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)想以南海(hai)郡為(wei)巴陵(ling)(ling)國(guo),遷蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)前(qian)(qian)去居住(zhu),可是(shi),沈約卻對蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)說:“古今不同,當年魏武(wu)帝曹(cao)操曾經說過:‘不可以慕虛名而受實禍。’”蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)聽(ting)后(hou)點(dian)頭同意,于四月初十派遣親(qin)信鄭伯禽(qin)到姑孰(shu),把生金子給(gei)(gei)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong),讓他吞(tun)下去,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)說:“我死不須用(yong)(yong)金子,有醇酒(jiu)就足(zu)夠(gou)。”于是(shi),就給(gei)(gei)他飲酒(jiu),喝的爛醉,鄭伯禽(qin)上前(qian)(qian)將(jiang)其殺死。時(shi)年十五歲。追謚為(wei)齊(qi)和(he)帝,葬于恭安陵(ling)(ling)。巴陵(ling)(ling)王爵位由其兄(xiong)長蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義繼承。
歷史評價
蕭子顯(xian)《南齊書》:“和帝晚隆(long),掃難清宮。達機睹運(yun),高頌永終。”