生平經歷
早年經歷
建(jian)武(wu)元年(494年),蕭寶融(rong)受(shou)封為隨(sui)郡王(wang),食邑二千戶(hu)。
建(jian)武三年(496年),蕭寶(bao)融擔任冠軍將軍,兼領石頭戍(shu)軍事。
永泰元年(nian)(498年(nian)),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融的父親齊明帝(di)蕭(xiao)(xiao)鸞去世,蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融的同母兄蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶卷即(ji)位。
永元元年(499年),蕭寶卷改封蕭寶融為南(nan)康王,并任命他為持(chi)節,都督荊、雍(yong)、益、寧、梁、南(nan)秦(qin)、北秦(qin)七(qi)州(zhou)軍事,西中郎(lang)將,荊州(zhou)刺史。
勸進帝位
永元(yuan)二(er)年(nian)(500年(nian))十(shi)(shi)一月十(shi)(shi)八日,長史蕭穎胄殺輔國將軍(jun)(jun)、巴西、梓潼(tong)二(er)郡太守劉山陽,擁戴南康(kang)王蕭寶(bao)融舉義。十(shi)(shi)一月十(shi)(shi)九日,蕭寶(bao)融對(dui)部下嚴格要求。又對(dui)部下說:“如今我親自率領晉陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)隊前(qian)去翦除朝(chao)廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兇(xiong)孽,現在(zai)戰事吃緊(jin),我們(men)應(ying)該對(dui)人(ren)們(men)多施恩惠,除了已判斬首(shou)之(zhi)刑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)外(wai),其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一概(gai)釋放。原來有職務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),立(li)(li)即恢(hui)復原職。將吏提升一級,現役(yi)人(ren)員(yuan)有家屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),發(fa)給他(ta)(ta)們(men)官糧。其(qi)他(ta)(ta)各種雜役(yi)人(ren)員(yuan)現在(zai)各軍(jun)(jun)中作(zuo)戰士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),事成之(zhi)后,都寬免為(wei)民。有關立(li)(li)功獎賞等辦法,再作(zuo)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)規定。”
十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一月二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命雍州(zhou)刺史蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍為使持(chi)節(jie)、都(dou)(dou)督(du)前鋒諸(zhu)軍(jun)事、左將(jiang)軍(jun)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)(rong)任(ren)(ren)命蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄(zhou)為右將(jiang)軍(jun)、都(dou)(dou)督(du)行(xing)留諸(zhu)軍(jun)事。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍等(deng)人(ren)上表勸請蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)(rong)即(ji)皇(huang)帝位。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),群僚又上表進行(xing)勸進,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)(rong)都(dou)(dou)沒答應。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七日(ri)(ri),驍騎將(jiang)軍(jun)夏侯(hou)亶從京師來到江陵(ling),稱(cheng)宣(xuan)(xuan)德太(tai)后有令:“西中郎將(jiang)、南(nan)康(kang)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)(rong)宜(yi)繼承大(da)統,登臨帝位。等(deng)待清初宮(gong)內之后,便可施行(xing)帝王的號令,如今暫且晉封為宣(xuan)(xuan)城(cheng)、南(nan)瑯(lang)邪、南(nan)東海、東陽(yang)、臨海、新安(an)、尋陽(yang)、南(nan)郡(jun)、竟陵(ling)、宜(yi)都(dou)(dou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郡(jun)為宣(xuan)(xuan)城(cheng)王,加封相國、荊州(zhou)牧,加黃皞,下面設置(zhi)臣屬,遴選百官,西中郎府和南(nan)康(kang)國保留原來建(jian)制。軍(jun)隊所(suo)經(jing)之處(chu),附近主管官長(chang)都(dou)(dou)必須(xu)依照舊(jiu)典,備法駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永元(yuan)三年(nian)(501年(nian))正月初十日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶融正式接受(shou)稱帝的建議,大(da)赦天下,只有梅蟲(chong)兒、茹法(fa)珍不予(yu)赦免。任命右將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)穎胄(zhou)為(wei)左(zuo)長史(shi),晉封(feng)為(wei)鎮軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。蕭(xiao)衍晉封(feng)為(wei)征東將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。正月,任命冠軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)楊公(gong)則為(wei)湘(xiang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),在(zai)城(cheng)南樹大(da)旗幕府。二(er)月初一日(ri),任命冠軍(jun)(jun)長史(shi)王(wang)茂先為(wei)江州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),冠軍(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)曹景宗為(wei)郢(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),右將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、邵陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶攸為(wei)荊(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。二(er)月初五(wu)日(ri),群臣進上皇(huang)帝尊號,設立(li)宗廟及南北郊祭祠。二(er)月二(er)十日(ri),梁王(wang)蕭(xiao)衍率(lv)大(da)軍(jun)(jun)駐扎(zha)在(zai)沔口(kou),郢(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)張沖(chong)拒(ju)守。三月初三日(ri),張沖(chong)死,驃騎(qi)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)薛元(yuan)嗣等固(gu)城(cheng)拒(ju)守。
中興元年(501年)三(san)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)日,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融正式即皇帝位,大赦天下(xia),改(gai)元中興。文(wen)武官員賜(si)位二(er)等;鰥寡孤獨不能自(zi)養(yang)之(zhi)人,每人賜(si)給谷五斛。任命(ming)(ming)相國長(chang)史(shi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄為(wei)(wei)(wei)尚(shang)書令,晉安王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)司空,廬陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)(wei)徐州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),散騎常侍夏侯詳為(wei)(wei)(wei)中領軍(jun)(jun)(jun),領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)偉為(wei)(wei)(wei)雍州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)日,有(you)關部門奏請封庶人蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)卷為(wei)(wei)(wei)零陽侯,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融下(xia)詔不答應。又奏請封他(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)涪陵王(wang),下(xia)詔許可。之(zhi)后,任命(ming)(ming)尚(shang)書令蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄行荊州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),假黃鉞。三(san)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)日,任命(ming)(ming)征(zheng)(zheng)虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)柳惔(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)益、寧二(er)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。三(san)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五日,任命(ming)(ming)冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)莊丘(qiu)黑為(wei)(wei)(wei)梁、南秦(qin)二(er)州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi),冠(guan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)鄧元起(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。四(si)月(yue)初五日,下(xia)詔說:“荊、雍是我們當初舉義(yi)(yi)的根本所在,那(nei)里的有(you)識(shi)之(zhi)士為(wei)(wei)(wei)我們謀劃,精細之(zhi)人為(wei)(wei)(wei)我們出力,現在我們應該對(dui)他(ta)們進行獎賞,只要是跟隨我東征(zheng)(zheng)討伐(fa)朝中奸惡的,都要免除勞(lao)役。”
平定建康
中興元年(501年)五(wu)(wu)月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融來到竹林寺禪房,宴(yan)會群臣。巴西(xi)(xi)太守魯休烈、巴東太守蕭(xiao)(xiao)惠訓(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子蕭(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)抗拒義師。七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月,東軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)帥吳子陽(yang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)救援郢州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),兵駐加湖。七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月初五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri),被征虜將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)王茂(mao)先擊破。七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)王茂(mao)先為(wei)(wei)中護(hu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri),魯山城主(zhu)將(jiang)孫(sun)樂(le)祖獻(xian)城投降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),郢城主(zhu)將(jiang)薛元嗣投降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。八(ba)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),平(ping)西(xi)(xi)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陳伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)布投降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。不久,蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融任(ren)命(ming)陳伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)江州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),任(ren)命(ming)陳伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子陳虎牙為(wei)(wei)徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。九月初四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔令(ling)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍如果平(ping)定京城,可以自(zi)行決斷處置,不必上奏請旨。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月初五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融任(ren)命(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)李元履為(wei)(wei)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri),尚(shang)書令(ling)、鎮軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)穎胄(zhou)去(qu)世,任(ren)命(ming)黃門郎蕭(xiao)(xiao)澹行荊州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府事。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)、魯休烈向(xiang)齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)投降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月初六日(ri)(ri),齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)平(ping)定建(jian)(jian)康(kang)城。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月初九日(ri)(ri),皇太后(hou)下(xia)令(ling)任(ren)命(ming)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)司(si)馬、錄(lu)尚(shang)書事、驃騎(qi)大(da)(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),并封(feng)他為(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)安(an)郡(jun)公(gong),比照晉(jin)武陵王司(si)馬遵的先例,承制總攬政務,文(wen)武百(bai)官(guan)向(xiang)其致敬。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri),改封(feng)建(jian)(jian)安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)鄱陽(yang)王。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)、揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)晉(jin)安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)義為(wei)(wei)太尉,領司(si)徒(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri),賞賜大(da)(da)(da)司(si)馬蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍錢幣(bi)二(er)千萬(wan),布絹(juan)各五(wu)(wu)千匹(pi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)輔國將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)宏(hong)為(wei)(wei)中護(hu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二(er)年(502年)正(zheng)月(yue)初九(jiu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),宣德(de)太(tai)后臨(lin)朝稱制,入(ru)居皇宮內殿。并且解除大司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)的(de)承制。正(zheng)月(yue)初十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命寧朔將軍(jun)蕭(xiao)昺(bing)監管南(nan)兗州(zhou)。正(zheng)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命大司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)為(wei)都督中外諸軍(jun)事,加(jia)殊禮。正(zheng)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命大司(si)馬(ma)(ma)長史王亮(liang)為(wei)守尚(shang)書令。正(zheng)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)(ri)(ri),詔令大司(si)馬(ma)(ma)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)進位相(xiang)國(guo),總(zong)攝朝廷一切政務,并兼任揚(yang)州(zhou)牧(mu),封十(shi)(shi)郡為(wei)梁(liang)公,配(pei)備九(jiu)錫之禮,加(jia)遠(yuan)游冠,位在諸王上,加(jia)相(xiang)國(guo)綠騑綬,此舉大大增(zeng)加(jia)了蕭(xiao)衍(yan)(yan)的(de)勢力。正(zheng)月(yue)三十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),任命新授職的(de)右將軍(jun)曹景宗為(wei)郢州(zhou)刺史。
二(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)三(san)日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)誅殺(sha)湘東(dong)(dong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶晊(zhi)。二(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)九日(ri),下(xia)詔梁(liang)(liang)公蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍晉(jin)封(feng)為(wei)梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang),增封(feng)十(shi)郡。三(san)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)七(qi)日(ri),皇太后(hou)下(xia)令賜梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍錢五百萬,布(bu)五千(qian)匹。三(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)三(san)日(ri),鄱陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶寅投奔北魏,誅殺(sha)邵陵王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶攸、晉(jin)熙王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶嵩、桂陽(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶貞。之(zhi)后(hou)命梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍冠冕(mian)可用十(shi)二(er)旒,建天(tian)子(zi)旌旗,出行時(shi)警(jing)戒清道(dao),禁止行人(ren),乘金銀馬(ma)車(che),可駕六馬(ma),其余形(xing)制也同天(tian)子(zi)一般,朝(chao)廷(ting)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍一手遮(zhe)天(tian),朝(chao)廷(ting)大權盡入他人(ren)之(zhi)手。三(san)月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)二(er)日(ri),任命冠軍(jun)(jun)長史(shi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)秀為(wei)南徐(xu)州刺史(shi),新授職(zhi)的中領軍(jun)(jun)蔡(cai)道(dao)恭為(wei)司州刺史(shi)。蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)東(dong)(dong)回(hui)到姑熟。三(san)月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)八日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)被迫禪位(wei)給(gei)梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍,南朝(chao)齊滅亡。
四月初(chu)三(san)日(ri),禪位詔書下達(da),皇(huang)太后(hou)退(tui)居外宮(gong)。四月初(chu)九(jiu)日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)封蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融為巴陵(ling)王,王宮(gong)設(she)在姑熟,仍然使用齊朝(chao)的歷法(fa),一切照先例(li)進(jin)行。當(dang)時,蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)想以(yi)南海郡為巴陵(ling)國,遷(qian)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融前(qian)去(qu)居住,可是,沈約(yue)卻(que)對蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)說(shuo):“古(gu)今不(bu)(bu)同,當(dang)年(nian)魏武帝曹操(cao)曾經說(shuo)過:‘不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)慕虛名而受實禍。’”蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)聽后(hou)點(dian)頭同意,于(yu)四月初(chu)十(shi)派(pai)遣親(qin)信鄭伯禽(qin)到姑孰,把生金子(zi)給蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融,讓他吞下去(qu),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶融說(shuo):“我死不(bu)(bu)須用金子(zi),有(you)醇酒就足夠。”于(yu)是,就給他飲(yin)酒,喝的爛醉(zui),鄭伯禽(qin)上前(qian)將(jiang)其殺死。時年(nian)十(shi)五歲。追(zhui)謚為齊和帝,葬于(yu)恭安陵(ling)。巴陵(ling)王爵位由其兄長蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶義繼承。
歷史評價
蕭子顯(xian)《南齊書(shu)》:“和帝(di)晚隆,掃難清宮。達機睹運,高頌永(yong)終。”