內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)卡魯奔(ben)國(guo)家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園位于大(da)興安嶺(ling)北部西(xi)(xi)坡的得耳(er)布(bu)爾(er)(er)(er)林(lin)業局生態(tai)功能區(qu)內(nei),距局址55公(gong)(gong)里,由額爾(er)(er)(er)古(gu)(gu)納河(he)一級支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)——得耳(er)布(bu)爾(er)(er)(er)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域及其四條(tiao)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩側發(fa)育的沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地和卡魯奔(ben)山林(lin)共同組成。地理坐標:東經120°42'4.90"-120°29'16.14",北緯50°37'27.93"-50°47'16.14",東西(xi)(xi)長14.93公(gong)(gong)里,南北寬18.61公(gong)(gong)里,規劃區(qu)總面(mian)(mian)積6773.42公(gong)(gong)頃。 規劃區(qu)內(nei)濕(shi)地面(mian)(mian)積5587.22公(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)地率為(wei)82.49%。濕(shi)地類(lei)型分為(wei)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濕(shi)地和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地2大(da)類(lei),永久性(xing)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)和森林(lin)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)4個小類(lei)。
濕地公園內(nei)河流(liu)、沼(zhao)澤、灌叢(cong)和森林、山地、丘(qiu)陵、河谷交錯分(fen)布,濕地生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)完整,生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性在這里得到(dao)充(chong)分(fen)體現。有高等植物(wu)93科216屬491種,有脊椎動(dong)物(wu)22目51科189種。
濕地(di)公園處于國家水源涵(han)養(yang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)態功(gong)能區(qu),是(shi)寒溫帶(dai)針葉林向呼倫貝(bei)爾草原的(de)過(guo)渡(du)帶(dai),擔負著額(e)爾古(gu)納河水源補給(gei)和水生(sheng)(sheng)態安全(quan)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)任,是(shi)呼倫貝(bei)爾大草原重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態安全(quan)屏障。
卡(ka)魯(lu)奔山(shan),鄂倫春語為“有(you)寶藏的地(di)(di)方”,海拔1400米,位于內(nei)蒙古大(da)興安嶺得耳布爾林(lin)業局康(kang)達嶺林(lin)場生態功能區三(san)干線45公(gong)里處,距(ju)拉布達林(lin)、室韋公(gong)路20公(gong)里,距(ju)局址(zhi)55公(gong)里,地(di)(di)處草地(di)(di)與森林(lin)過(guo)渡(du)帶,地(di)(di)貌條(tiao)件(jian)分為高原邊緣山(shan)地(di)(di)森林(lin)草甸景觀、高原森林(lin)草原景觀和(he)山(shan)地(di)(di)森林(lin)草原景觀,物種(zhong)的遞變(bian)明顯。自然景觀高低(di)錯落有(you)致,濕地(di)(di)、河(he)流(liu)分布均勻,珍稀物種(zhong)及(ji)野生動物種(zhong)類(lei)繁多。