古日格斯臺國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)成(cheng)立于1998年(nian)(nian)。1999年(nian)(nian)晉升為盟級自然(ran)保護區(qu)。
2001年(nian)12月(yue),晉升為自治區級(ji)保護區,2008年(nian)5月(yue),被評為盟(meng)級(ji)環(huan)境教育基地。
2012年1月,經國(guo)(guo)務院辦(ban)公廳審定為國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護區,成為錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒盟(meng)境內第一個(ge)森林(lin)生態系統類國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護區。
古(gu)日(ri)格斯臺國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區地處大興安嶺南(nan)部(bu)山地余脈的(de)西(xi)麓,位于錫林郭(guo)勒盟(meng)西(xi)烏(wu)(wu)珠(zhu)穆沁旗巴拉嘎爾(er)高(gao)勒鎮(zhen)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)55公(gong)里處。自然保護區的(de)南(nan)部(bu)與赤峰市的(de)塞罕烏(wu)(wu)拉國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區、烏(wu)(wu)拉壩---石(shi)鵬溝自治區級自然保護區相鄰(lin),西(xi)、東(dong)北部(bu)分別于西(xi)烏(wu)(wu)旗其他鄉鎮(zhen)為界。地理(li)坐標為東(dong)經118°03′45″—118°48′36″,北緯44°18′21″—44°34′52″。
保護區內地貌以中山(shan)為主,連綿起伏,有(you)明顯的脈(mo)絡,坡度較(jiao)陡,高峰古日格斯臺山(shan)海拔為1957米。
古日格斯(si)臺自然(ran)保(bao)護區是大(da)(da)興安嶺南(nan)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)地(di)典(dian)型、完整森林(lin)(lin)、草原(yuan)生態系(xi)統,處于東亞闊葉林(lin)(lin)與大(da)(da)興安嶺北部(bu)(bu)寒溫(wen)帶針葉林(lin)(lin)、草原(yuan)與森林(lin)(lin)雙重交(jiao)匯過渡的(de)典(dian)型地(di)帶,是連(lian)接各大(da)(da)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)系(xi)的(de)紐帶和橋梁。自然(ran)保(bao)護區生物(wu)類(lei)(lei)型多樣,動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)物(wu)種豐富(fu),被稱為“植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)王國(guo),動物(wu)的(de)樂園”。有森林(lin)(lin)、沙地(di)-伏沙地(di)復合(he)群落、灌叢、草原(yuan)、草甸(dian)、濕地(di)6大(da)(da)植(zhi)(zhi)被類(lei)(lei)型,包括了10個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)被亞型、47個(ge)群系(xi)組、80個(ge)群系(xi)。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積為98931公(gong)(gong)頃,其中核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積43919公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積44.4%;緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積15883公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積16.1%;實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積39129公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積39.5%。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內有林(lin)地面(mian)積為60078.7公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積的60.7%;草原35091.8公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積的35.5%;濕地3760.5公(gong)(gong)頃,占保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積的3.8%。
保(bao)(bao)護區主要保(bao)(bao)護對象是大(da)興安(an)嶺南(nan)部山(shan)地(di)(di)北(bei)麓森(sen)林-草(cao)原(yuan)生(sheng)態系(xi)統及其所(suo)包(bao)容的(de)物(wu)種多樣性;保(bao)(bao)護烏珠穆沁盆地(di)(di)國(guo)際(ji)重要濕地(di)(di)烏拉(la)蓋水系(xi)河源(yuan)濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)統;保(bao)(bao)護棲(qi)息于該生(sheng)態系(xi)統中的(de)野生(sheng)馬鹿(東北(bei)亞種)、斑羚、青羊、野豬、猞猁等大(da)型野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)種群;保(bao)(bao)護國(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)類大(da)鴇、黑鸛、金雕、丹頂鶴、黑琴雞(ji)、紅腳隼(sun)、黃腳隼(sun)、蒙古百靈、兀鷲、蓑羽鶴及其珍(zhen)稀瀕危鳥(niao)(niao)類的(de)繁殖地(di)(di)。
截至2013年,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)22科75種(zhong)(zhong),大型真菌(jun)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)16科52種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中可食用(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌(jun)有(you)(you)蒙(meng)(meng)古口蘑、野蘑菇、金針磨、木耳、毛(mao)木耳等(deng)(deng)30余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌(jun)有(you)(you)大馬(ma)勃、小馬(ma)勃、紫馬(ma)勃、靈芝等(deng)(deng)10余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong);維管植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)94科330屬(shu)654種(zhong)(zhong)6變種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)野大豆、草蓯蓉、沙蘆草、內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古大麥草等(deng)(deng)國家二級保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)山丹(dan)、芍藥(yao)、龍(long)膽、沙參等(deng)(deng)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古自治區(qu)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)20種(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)甘草、秦艽、達烏里龍(long)膽、防風、黃芩、遠志國家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)豬毛(mao)菜(cai)、蕨菜(cai)、黃花(hua)菜(cai)、山蔥、龍(long)須菜(cai)、野韭(jiu)菜(cai)等(deng)(deng)野菜(cai)100余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)。
截至(zhi)2013年(nian),保(bao)護區內有(you)(you)(you)(you)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)66科223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)鳥類有(you)(you)(you)(you)165種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),獸類有(you)(you)(you)(you)44種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類有(you)(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類有(you)(you)(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚類6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家一(yi)級保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)黑鶴、大鴇、金雕、丹頂(ding)鶴4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家二(er)級重點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)黑琴(qin)雞(ji)、鴻雁、大天鵝(e)、灰(hui)鶴、大雁、燕隼(sun)、青羊、馬鹿(lu)、雪兔、狼、草原雕、猞猁等29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)《國(guo)家重點保(bao)護脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)名(ming)錄(lu)》中(zhong)記載的33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被列(lie)為《中(zhong)國(guo)瀕危動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)紅皮書》的有(you)(you)(you)(you)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被列(lie)為《世(shi)界受脅鳥類》的有(you)(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
保護(hu)區內(nei)有迪彥廟、半拉山(shan)(shan)、廟子溝、朝陽溝、海青壩、白(bai)樺(hua)林等(deng)多(duo)處旅(lv)游(you)(you)景點和(he)歷史遺(yi)跡,而半拉山(shan)(shan)、白(bai)樺(hua)林等(deng)景觀早(zao)已(yi)奠(dian)定了旅(lv)游(you)(you)基礎。保護(hu)區在發(fa)展旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)中注重草原民(min)俗與自然風光相結合(he),生態文(wen)化基地建設(she)與科學研究結合(he),用獨特的旅(lv)游(you)(you)文(wen)化吸引(yin)盟內(nei)外人士,使保護(hu)區成為(wei)西(xi)烏(wu)旗(qi)旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)的品牌,帶(dai)動西(xi)烏(wu)旗(qi)旅(lv)游(you)(you)業(ye)的發(fa)展。
烏(wu)珠穆(mu)沁盆地共有9條河(he)流,源(yuan)于保護區的河(he)流就(jiu)有5條,涵養著烏(wu)珠穆(mu)沁盆地70%的河(he)流,是烏(wu)珠穆(mu)人民的生(sheng)命線。保護區也是錫林郭(guo)勒(le)盟具備申(shen)報森林生(sheng)態類型保護區的自然保護區。
古日格斯臺自然保(bao)護(hu)區晉(jin)級(ji)成功對保(bao)護(hu)西烏旗以及周邊(bian)地區的(de)生態環(huan)境,保(bao)護(hu)珍貴的(de)野生動植物資源,乃(nai)至維系錫林(lin)郭勒草原(yuan)的(de)生態平衡都具有劃時代的(de)意義。