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地理位置

公(gong)園位于寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣城玉潭鎮與東南(nan)(nan)近(jin)郊(jiao)的歷(li)經鋪、城郊(jiao)、白馬橋(qiao)、壩(ba)塘四鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮交匯(hui)處，規劃面積1472公(gong)頃(qing)，范圍東起金洲(zhou)(zhou)壩(ba)，北(bei)(bei)以堤壩(ba)為(wei)界，西至珍洲(zhou)(zhou)壩(ba)、美女(nv)山(shan)(shan)后，向南(nan)(nan)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊線經下箭塘－天(tian)子山(shan)(shan)－胡羅山(shan)(shan)－大峰嶺－千鳳(feng)龍－窯洲(zhou)(zhou)寨－溜子洲(zhou)(zhou)后，沿(yan)堤壩(ba)至沙河橋(qiao)，經南(nan)(nan)苑路后沿(yan)堤壩(ba)至金洲(zhou)(zhou)壩(ba)。地理(li)坐標(biao)東經112°30′00″-112°37′00″，北(bei)(bei)緯27°11′30″-27°17′05″。

總體布局

公園于2009年(nian)12月(yue)經國家林業(ye)局批準開展國家濕地公園試點建設。總體布局是“一線(xian)、兩(liang)帶(dai)、三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、三(san)主(zhu)題”。“一線(xian)”即(ji)一條溈(gui)江水系景觀主(zhu)軸線(xian)，“兩(liang)帶(dai)”即(ji)溈(gui)江東、西兩(liang)岸(an)沿江風光帶(dai)，“三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)”即(ji)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、觀光休閑體驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)個重點功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(其中生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)又包括(kuo)金洲湖(hu)濕地保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、鱔魚洲生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、溜子洲植物保(bao)護(hu)繁育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)太(tai)湖(hu)山地生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu))，“三(san)主(zhu)題”即(ji)金洲湖(hu)濕地生(sheng)態(tai)展示休閑區(qu)(qu)(qu)、珍洲水鄉風情園區(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)太(tai)湖(hu)森林景觀游憩(qi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。

水系情況

公(gong)(gong)(gong)園以湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一級支流(liu)(liu)溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為主(zhu)體，園內金洲壩、溈(gui)豐壩、珍(zhen)洲壩梯級相連(lian)，形(xing)成長約16公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)道型水(shui)庫。溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于(yu)寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)扶王山，自西向東蜿蜒而下(xia)，橫貫寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)全(quan)境(jing)，于(yu)長沙市望城區新康匯入湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。河(he)道全(quan)長144公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，控制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)2430平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)經寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)境(jing)內120公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)2200平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，占(zhan)(zhan)整個溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)86%，占(zhan)(zhan)寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)域總面(mian)積(ji)76%。千百(bai)年(nian)來，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用不竭的(de)(de)(de)(de)甘霖滋潤著(zhu)(zhu)楚溈(gui)大地，養育(yu)了兩岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)們。同(tong)時，她也是(shi)一條歷(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)(liu)，沿途有著(zhu)(zhu)厚重的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史人(ren)文古跡、豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)土民間傳說和(he)美(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)山水(shui)風光。因(yin)此，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)譽為“寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)母(mu)親河(he)”。

資源情況

濕地資源

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園以(yi)河流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)地(di)為主，兼有湖泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)和稻(dao)田濕(shi)地(di)。濕(shi)地(di)資源面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1219.35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)82.84%。其(qi)中永久性河流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)293.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)19.92%；泛洪(hong)平原濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)30.27%（包括三個河心洲(zhou)(zhou)：珍(zhen)洲(zhou)(zhou)143.59公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、溜子洲(zhou)(zhou)10.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、鱔魚洲(zhou)(zhou)4.10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃）；湖泊、庫(ku)塘濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)93.45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)6.35%；稻(dao)田面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)387.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)26.30%。其(qi)他為有林地(di)與(yu)宜林荒山地(di)約(yue)252.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)17.16%。

野生動物資源

公園內有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)湖(hu)南省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)107種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《國(guo)(guo)家保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)(you)重要經濟、科(ke)學(xue)研究(jiu)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)陸生野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄(lu)》的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)127種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《瀕(bin)危野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)二(er)、附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)三的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被中國(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)危動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書評為(wei)(wei)(wei)瀕(bin)危級別(bie)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園內鳥(niao)類資(zi)源有(you)(you)(you)15目(mu)40科(ke)125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中日候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)協定保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類，13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中澳(ao)候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)協定保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類。魚類資(zi)源有(you)(you)(you)4目(mu)14科(ke)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以華(hua)東(dong)魚類區系為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，兼有(you)(you)(you)南北和西部(bu)區系成(cheng)分(fen)滲透，具有(you)(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)過(guo)渡(du)性(xing)。

野生植物資源

公園內有(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)105科228屬(shu)(shu)(shu)287種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)15科19屬(shu)(shu)(shu)23種(zhong)，裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)2科2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)，被(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)88科207屬(shu)(shu)(shu)261種(zhong)（包括雙子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)73科157屬(shu)(shu)(shu)200種(zhong)、單子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)15科50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)61種(zhong)）。公園內國家重點保護野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)主要有(you)水(shui)杉、銀杏、花櫚木、香樟(zhang)、野(ye)大豆等(deng)。

自然人文資源

公園內溈(gui)江河道及沿(yan)岸(an)有(you)金洲(zhou)(zhou)湖、金洲(zhou)(zhou)風(feng)雨廊橋、鱔魚洲(zhou)(zhou)、狀(zhuang)元樓、溜(liu)子(zi)洲(zhou)(zhou)、正農仿(fang)古(gu)街、美女山等景點。南太湖一帶山水秀麗，素有(you)“寧鄉后花園”之稱。溈(gui)江、烏(wu)江在珍(zhen)洲(zhou)(zhou)壩(ba)匯合，形(xing)成長約2公里(li)的幽(you)深峽谷，兩岸(an)樹木(mu)蔥蘢(long)，林間(jian)鳥(niao)獸出沒(mei)，生態(tai)旅游資源(yuan)非常豐富。

生態價值

公(gong)園是以攔蓄形成的(de)河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)為主體，還包(bao)括了山間湖泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)及(ji)其(qi)溝(gou)渠、庫塘、稻田等(deng)人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)，以及(ji)人工林與(yu)天然次生(sheng)林在(zai)內的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)-森(sen)林復(fu)合生(sheng)態系統(tong)，生(sheng)態系統(tong)相(xiang)對完整且類型豐富多(duo)樣(yang)，發揮著蓄納(na)洪水(shui)、涵養水(shui)源、凈化水(shui)質(zhi)、維護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)物多(duo)樣(yang)性、調節區域氣候等(deng)重(zhong)要的(de)生(sheng)態功能，為湘(xiang)江生(sheng)態安全提供了保障。同時(shi)，由于公(gong)園位于我國候鳥南北遷徙中(zhong)線，淡水(shui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)禽種類較為豐富，具(ju)有較高的(de)科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)和生(sheng)態保護(hu)價值，是開展(zhan)河湖類型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)的(de)科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)、科(ke)普(pu)教育和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保護(hu)宣傳的(de)較佳(jia)場(chang)所。