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地理位置

公(gong)園位于寧(ning)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)城玉潭鎮與東(dong)南近郊的歷(li)經(jing)鋪、城郊、白馬橋(qiao)、壩(ba)(ba)塘四鄉(xiang)鎮交匯處，規劃(hua)面積(ji)1472公(gong)頃(qing)，范圍東(dong)起金洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)，北以堤壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)界，西(xi)至(zhi)珍洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)、美女山后(hou)，向南沿山脊線經(jing)下箭塘－天子(zi)山－胡羅山－大(da)峰嶺(ling)－千(qian)鳳(feng)龍－窯洲(zhou)寨－溜子(zi)洲(zhou)后(hou)，沿堤壩(ba)(ba)至(zhi)沙河(he)橋(qiao)，經(jing)南苑路(lu)后(hou)沿堤壩(ba)(ba)至(zhi)金洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)。地理坐標(biao)東(dong)經(jing)112°30′00″-112°37′00″，北緯27°11′30″-27°17′05″。

總體布局

公園(yuan)于(yu)2009年12月經(jing)國家林業局批準開(kai)展國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)試點(dian)建設。總體布局是“一線(xian)(xian)、兩(liang)(liang)帶(dai)、三(san)區(qu)(qu)、三(san)主題(ti)”。“一線(xian)(xian)”即一條(tiao)溈(gui)江水(shui)系景觀主軸線(xian)(xian)，“兩(liang)(liang)帶(dai)”即溈(gui)江東(dong)、西兩(liang)(liang)岸沿江風(feng)光帶(dai)，“三(san)區(qu)(qu)”即生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、宣教服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)、觀光休閑體驗區(qu)(qu)三(san)個重點(dian)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(其中生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)又包(bao)括(kuo)金洲湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、鱔(shan)魚洲生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、溜子(zi)洲植物保(bao)(bao)(bao)護繁育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、南太湖(hu)山地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu))，“三(san)主題(ti)”即金洲湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態展示休閑區(qu)(qu)、珍(zhen)洲水(shui)鄉風(feng)情園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)、南太湖(hu)森林景觀游憩區(qu)(qu)。

水系情況

公園以湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)級(ji)支流溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)主(zhu)體，園內金洲壩、溈豐(feng)壩、珍洲壩梯級(ji)相連，形成長約16公里(li)的河(he)道型水庫。溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于寧(ning)(ning)鄉(xiang)縣扶王(wang)山，自西向東(dong)蜿蜒(yan)而下(xia)，橫貫寧(ning)(ning)鄉(xiang)全境(jing)，于長沙市望城(cheng)區新康匯入湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。河(he)道全長144公里(li)，控制流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2430平方公里(li)，流經寧(ning)(ning)鄉(xiang)境(jing)內120公里(li)，流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)2200平方公里(li)，占整個溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)86%，占寧(ning)(ning)鄉(xiang)縣域(yu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)76%。千百年來，溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用不竭的甘霖滋潤著(zhu)楚溈大(da)地，養育(yu)了兩岸(an)的人們(men)。同(tong)時，她也是(shi)一(yi)條歷史的河(he)流，沿途有著(zhu)厚(hou)重的歷史人文古(gu)跡、豐(feng)富(fu)的鄉(xiang)土民間傳說(shuo)和(he)美麗的自然山水風光。因(yin)此，溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被(bei)譽為(wei)“寧(ning)(ning)鄉(xiang)母親河(he)”。

資源情況

濕地資源

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)以河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地為(wei)主，兼有(you)湖泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地和稻田濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地資(zi)源面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1219.35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)82.84%。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)永久性河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)293.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing),占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)19.92%；泛洪平原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)30.27%（包括三個河心洲(zhou)：珍(zhen)洲(zhou)143.59公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)、溜子(zi)洲(zhou)10.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)、鱔魚洲(zhou)4.10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)）；湖泊、庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)93.45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)6.35%；稻田面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)387.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)26.30%。其(qi)(qi)他為(wei)有(you)林地與(yu)宜林荒山地約252.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)17.16%。

野生動物資源

公園內有國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級重點保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有湖南省重點保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)107種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)入《國(guo)家(jia)保護(hu)的(de)有益的(de)或(huo)者有重要經濟(ji)、科學研究價值的(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有127種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)入《瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易公約》附(fu)(fu)錄二(er)、附(fu)(fu)錄三的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別有31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被中(zhong)國(guo)瀕(bin)危(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書評(ping)為瀕(bin)危(wei)級別的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園內鳥(niao)類資源(yuan)有15目40科125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級重點保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為中(zhong)日(ri)候鳥(niao)保護(hu)協定保護(hu)鳥(niao)類，13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為中(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)保護(hu)協定保護(hu)鳥(niao)類。魚(yu)類資源(yuan)有4目14科46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)華(hua)東魚(yu)類區系為主，兼(jian)有南北和(he)西(xi)部區系成(cheng)分滲透(tou)，具有較強的(de)過渡性(xing)。

野生植物資源

公(gong)園(yuan)內有(you)維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)105科(ke)(ke)228屬287種(zhong)(zhong)，其中蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)15科(ke)(ke)19屬23種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)2科(ke)(ke)2屬3種(zhong)(zhong)，被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)88科(ke)(ke)207屬261種(zhong)(zhong)（包括雙子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)73科(ke)(ke)157屬200種(zhong)(zhong)、單子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15科(ke)(ke)50屬61種(zhong)(zhong)）。公(gong)園(yuan)內國家重點保護野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)主要有(you)水(shui)杉、銀杏、花櫚木(mu)、香(xiang)樟、野大豆等。

自然人文資源

公園內溈(gui)江河道及(ji)沿岸(an)有金洲(zhou)(zhou)湖、金洲(zhou)(zhou)風雨廊橋、鱔(shan)魚洲(zhou)(zhou)、狀元(yuan)樓、溜子(zi)洲(zhou)(zhou)、正農(nong)仿(fang)古街、美(mei)女山等景點。南太湖一帶山水秀麗，素(su)有“寧鄉后花園”之稱。溈(gui)江、烏江在珍洲(zhou)(zhou)壩匯合(he)，形成長約2公里的幽深峽谷，兩岸(an)樹木蔥蘢(long)，林間鳥獸出沒，生(sheng)態旅游資源非常豐富(fu)。

生態價值

公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)是以攔蓄形成的河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為主體，還包括了山間湖泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及其溝渠、庫塘、稻田(tian)等人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，以及人(ren)工林與天然次生林在內的濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)-森林復合生態系統(tong)，生態系統(tong)相對完(wan)整且類型豐(feng)富多樣(yang)，發(fa)揮著蓄納洪水(shui)、涵養水(shui)源、凈化水(shui)質、維護濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生物多樣(yang)性(xing)、調節區域氣候等重要的生態功能，為湘江生態安(an)全(quan)提供了保(bao)障。同時，由于公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于我國(guo)候鳥南(nan)北遷徙中線，淡(dan)水(shui)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)禽種類較(jiao)為豐(feng)富，具有較(jiao)高的科(ke)學研究和生態保(bao)護價值(zhi)，是開展河(he)湖類型濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的科(ke)學研究、科(ke)普(pu)教育和濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護宣(xuan)傳的較(jiao)佳場所。