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地理位置

公園位于寧鄉縣城(cheng)玉(yu)潭(tan)鎮與東南近(jin)郊(jiao)的歷經(jing)鋪、城(cheng)郊(jiao)、白馬橋、壩(ba)(ba)塘四(si)鄉鎮交(jiao)匯處，規劃面積1472公頃(qing)，范(fan)圍東起(qi)金洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)，北以(yi)堤(di)壩(ba)(ba)為界，西至(zhi)珍洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)、美女山后，向南沿山脊線經(jing)下(xia)箭塘－天(tian)子山－胡(hu)羅山－大峰(feng)嶺－千(qian)鳳龍－窯(yao)洲(zhou)寨－溜子洲(zhou)后，沿堤(di)壩(ba)(ba)至(zhi)沙河(he)橋，經(jing)南苑路后沿堤(di)壩(ba)(ba)至(zhi)金洲(zhou)壩(ba)(ba)。地理坐標東經(jing)112°30′00″-112°37′00″，北緯27°11′30″-27°17′05″。

總體布局

公園于(yu)2009年12月經國家林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)批準開展國家濕地公園試點(dian)(dian)建設。總體(ti)布局(ju)是“一(yi)線、兩帶、三(san)區(qu)(qu)、三(san)主(zhu)題”。“一(yi)線”即(ji)一(yi)條溈江(jiang)水(shui)系景(jing)觀(guan)主(zhu)軸(zhou)線，“兩帶”即(ji)溈江(jiang)東、西兩岸沿江(jiang)風光帶，“三(san)區(qu)(qu)”即(ji)生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、宣教服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)、觀(guan)光休(xiu)閑體(ti)驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)三(san)個(ge)重點(dian)(dian)功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(其中生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)又包(bao)括(kuo)金(jin)洲(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、鱔(shan)魚洲(zhou)(zhou)生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、溜子洲(zhou)(zhou)植(zhi)物保(bao)(bao)護繁育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、南太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)山(shan)地生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu))，“三(san)主(zhu)題”即(ji)金(jin)洲(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地生(sheng)態展示休(xiu)閑區(qu)(qu)、珍洲(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)鄉風情園區(qu)(qu)、南太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)森(sen)林(lin)景(jing)觀(guan)游憩區(qu)(qu)。

水系情況

公園以湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一級支(zhi)流(liu)溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為主體，園內(nei)金(jin)洲壩、溈豐(feng)壩、珍洲壩梯級相(xiang)連，形成(cheng)長(chang)約16公里(li)的河(he)(he)道(dao)型(xing)水(shui)庫。溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于寧鄉(xiang)縣扶王山(shan)，自西向東(dong)蜿蜒(yan)而下(xia)，橫(heng)貫寧鄉(xiang)全境(jing)，于長(chang)沙市望城區新(xin)康(kang)匯入湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。河(he)(he)道(dao)全長(chang)144公里(li)，控制流(liu)域面積(ji)2430平方公里(li)，流(liu)經寧鄉(xiang)境(jing)內(nei)120公里(li)，流(liu)域面積(ji)2200平方公里(li)，占整個溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域面積(ji)86%，占寧鄉(xiang)縣域總面積(ji)76%。千百年來，溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用不竭的甘霖(lin)滋潤著(zhu)楚溈大地，養育了兩(liang)岸(an)的人們。同時，她也(ye)是一條歷史(shi)的河(he)(he)流(liu)，沿途(tu)有著(zhu)厚重的歷史(shi)人文(wen)古跡、豐(feng)富的鄉(xiang)土民間傳說和美麗的自然山(shan)水(shui)風光(guang)。因此，溈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被譽為“寧鄉(xiang)母親河(he)(he)”。

資源情況

濕地資源

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以河流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)為主，兼有湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)和(he)稻(dao)田濕(shi)地(di)(di)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)資(zi)源面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1219.35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)82.84%。其(qi)中永久性河流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)293.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)19.92%；泛洪平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)445.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30.27%（包括三個(ge)河心(xin)洲：珍(zhen)洲143.59公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、溜子(zi)洲10.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、鱔魚洲4.10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃）；湖(hu)泊、庫(ku)塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)93.45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)6.35%；稻(dao)田面(mian)積(ji)(ji)387.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)26.30%。其(qi)他為有林(lin)地(di)(di)與宜林(lin)荒山(shan)地(di)(di)約252.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)17.16%。

野生動物資源

公園(yuan)內有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)湖南(nan)省重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)107種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要經濟、科學研究價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄》的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)127種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列入(ru)《瀕危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》附錄二(er)、附錄三(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)分別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕危(wei)動物(wu)(wu)紅皮(pi)書(shu)評為(wei)瀕危(wei)級別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園(yuan)內鳥(niao)類(lei)資源有(you)(you)(you)(you)15目(mu)40科125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)，48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)中日候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協(xie)定保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)，13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)中澳候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協(xie)定保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)。魚(yu)類(lei)資源有(you)(you)(you)(you)4目(mu)14科46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以華東魚(yu)類(lei)區(qu)系(xi)為(wei)主，兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)南(nan)北和(he)西部(bu)區(qu)系(xi)成分滲透，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡性。

野生植物資源

公(gong)園內(nei)有(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)105科(ke)(ke)228屬287種(zhong)，其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)15科(ke)(ke)19屬23種(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)2科(ke)(ke)2屬3種(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)88科(ke)(ke)207屬261種(zhong)（包括雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)73科(ke)(ke)157屬200種(zhong)、單子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)15科(ke)(ke)50屬61種(zhong)）。公(gong)園內(nei)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保護野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)主要(yao)有(you)水(shui)杉、銀杏、花櫚(lv)木、香(xiang)樟、野(ye)大豆等。

自然人文資源

公園(yuan)內溈江(jiang)河道及沿岸有金洲(zhou)湖、金洲(zhou)風雨廊橋、鱔魚洲(zhou)、狀元(yuan)樓、溜子(zi)洲(zhou)、正(zheng)農(nong)仿古街、美女(nv)山等景點。南太湖一(yi)帶山水秀麗，素(su)有“寧鄉后花園(yuan)”之稱。溈江(jiang)、烏江(jiang)在珍洲(zhou)壩(ba)匯合，形成(cheng)長約2公里的(de)幽深峽谷，兩岸樹木蔥蘢，林間鳥獸出(chu)沒(mei)，生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)資(zi)源(yuan)非常豐富。

生態價值

公園是以攔蓄形成的(de)(de)(de)河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)為主體，還包括了山間(jian)湖(hu)泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)及(ji)其溝渠、庫塘(tang)、稻田(tian)等人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)，以及(ji)人(ren)工林與天然(ran)次生林在內的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)-森(sen)林復合生態系(xi)統，生態系(xi)統相對完整且類(lei)型豐(feng)(feng)富多樣，發揮著蓄納洪水(shui)、涵養水(shui)源、凈化水(shui)質、維護(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生物多樣性、調節區(qu)域氣候等重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)生態功能(neng)，為湘(xiang)江生態安全提供了保障。同時(shi)，由于公園位于我國候鳥南北遷徙中線，淡水(shui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)禽(qin)種類(lei)較為豐(feng)(feng)富，具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)和生態保護(hu)(hu)價值，是開(kai)展河湖(hu)類(lei)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)、科普教育和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)宣傳的(de)(de)(de)較佳場所。