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地理位置

公(gong)園(yuan)位于寧鄉縣城(cheng)玉(yu)潭鎮與東(dong)南近郊(jiao)的歷經(jing)(jing)鋪、城(cheng)郊(jiao)、白(bai)馬橋、壩塘(tang)四(si)鄉鎮交匯處，規(gui)劃(hua)面積1472公(gong)頃，范(fan)圍東(dong)起金洲(zhou)(zhou)壩，北以堤(di)壩為界，西至(zhi)珍洲(zhou)(zhou)壩、美女山后，向南沿(yan)山脊(ji)線(xian)經(jing)(jing)下箭塘(tang)－天子山－胡羅山－大峰嶺－千鳳龍－窯洲(zhou)(zhou)寨－溜子洲(zhou)(zhou)后，沿(yan)堤(di)壩至(zhi)沙河橋，經(jing)(jing)南苑路后沿(yan)堤(di)壩至(zhi)金洲(zhou)(zhou)壩。地理坐(zuo)標東(dong)經(jing)(jing)112°30′00″-112°37′00″，北緯27°11′30″-27°17′05″。

總體布局

公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)于2009年12月經國(guo)家(jia)林業局批準開展(zhan)國(guo)家(jia)濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)試點建(jian)設。總(zong)體布(bu)局是(shi)“一(yi)線(xian)、兩帶、三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、三(san)主(zhu)題”。“一(yi)線(xian)”即一(yi)條(tiao)溈(gui)(gui)江水(shui)系景觀(guan)主(zhu)軸線(xian)，“兩帶”即溈(gui)(gui)江東、西兩岸沿江風(feng)光帶，“三(san)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”即生態(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、觀(guan)光休(xiu)閑(xian)體驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)個(ge)重點功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(其中生態(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)又包括(kuo)金洲湖濕地保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鱔魚洲生態(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、溜子洲植物保護繁育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南太(tai)湖山地生態(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))，“三(san)主(zhu)題”即金洲湖濕地生態(tai)(tai)展(zhan)示(shi)休(xiu)閑(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、珍洲水(shui)鄉風(feng)情(qing)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南太(tai)湖森林景觀(guan)游憩區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

水系情況

公(gong)園(yuan)以湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一級支流溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為主體(ti)，園(yuan)內金洲壩(ba)、溈(gui)豐壩(ba)、珍洲壩(ba)梯級相(xiang)連，形成(cheng)長(chang)約16公(gong)里的河(he)道型水庫。溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于(yu)寧鄉縣(xian)扶王(wang)山，自西向東蜿蜒而下，橫(heng)貫寧鄉全境，于(yu)長(chang)沙(sha)市望城(cheng)區新康匯入湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。河(he)道全長(chang)144公(gong)里，控(kong)制流域面(mian)(mian)積2430平方(fang)公(gong)里，流經(jing)寧鄉境內120公(gong)里，流域面(mian)(mian)積2200平方(fang)公(gong)里，占(zhan)整個溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域面(mian)(mian)積86%，占(zhan)寧鄉縣(xian)域總面(mian)(mian)積76%。千百年來，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用不竭的甘(gan)霖滋潤著(zhu)楚溈(gui)大地，養育了兩岸的人們(men)。同時，她(ta)也是(shi)一條歷史的河(he)流，沿途有著(zhu)厚重的歷史人文古跡、豐富的鄉土民間傳(chuan)說和美麗(li)的自然山水風光。因此，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被譽(yu)為“寧鄉母親河(he)”。

資源情況

濕地資源

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為主(zhu)，兼(jian)有湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和稻田(tian)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1219.35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)82.84%。其中永久性河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)293.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)19.92%；泛(fan)洪(hong)平原(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)445.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30.27%（包括三個河(he)心洲(zhou)：珍(zhen)洲(zhou)143.59公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、溜子(zi)洲(zhou)10.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、鱔(shan)魚(yu)洲(zhou)4.10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)）；湖(hu)泊、庫塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)93.45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)6.35%；稻田(tian)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)387.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)26.30%。其他(ta)為有林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)與宜林(lin)荒山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)約252.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)17.16%。

野生動物資源

公園內(nei)有(you)(you)國(guo)家二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)，有(you)(you)湖南(nan)省重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)107種(zhong)，列入(ru)(ru)《國(guo)家保(bao)(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)或者有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要經濟、科(ke)學研(yan)究價值的(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄》的(de)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)127種(zhong)，列入(ru)(ru)《瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)際貿(mao)易公約》附錄二、附錄三的(de)動物(wu)(wu)分(fen)別有(you)(you)31種(zhong)、6種(zhong)，被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)瀕危動物(wu)(wu)紅皮書評為(wei)瀕危級別的(de)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)3種(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)有(you)(you)2種(zhong)。公園內(nei)鳥類(lei)(lei)資(zi)源(yuan)有(you)(you)15目40科(ke)125種(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)10種(zhong)為(wei)國(guo)家二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)，48種(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥保(bao)(bao)護協定保(bao)(bao)護鳥類(lei)(lei)，13種(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥保(bao)(bao)護協定保(bao)(bao)護鳥類(lei)(lei)。魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)資(zi)源(yuan)有(you)(you)4目14科(ke)46種(zhong)，以華東魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)區系為(wei)主(zhu)，兼有(you)(you)南(nan)北和西部區系成分(fen)滲透，具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)過渡性(xing)。

野生植物資源

公(gong)園(yuan)內有維(wei)管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)105科(ke)228屬(shu)287種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有15科(ke)19屬(shu)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有2科(ke)2屬(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有88科(ke)207屬(shu)261種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括雙子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)73科(ke)157屬(shu)200種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、單子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)15科(ke)50屬(shu)61種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。公(gong)園(yuan)內國(guo)家重點(dian)保護野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有水杉、銀杏(xing)、花(hua)櫚木、香(xiang)樟、野大豆等。

自然人文資源

公(gong)園內溈江河道及(ji)沿(yan)岸(an)(an)有(you)金洲(zhou)(zhou)湖(hu)、金洲(zhou)(zhou)風(feng)雨廊橋、鱔魚洲(zhou)(zhou)、狀(zhuang)元(yuan)樓、溜子洲(zhou)(zhou)、正農仿古街、美女(nv)山等景點。南太湖(hu)一帶山水秀麗，素(su)有(you)“寧鄉后花園”之稱。溈江、烏江在珍洲(zhou)(zhou)壩匯(hui)合，形成長約2公(gong)里的(de)幽(you)深峽谷，兩岸(an)(an)樹木(mu)蔥蘢(long)，林(lin)間鳥獸出沒(mei)，生態旅游資源非(fei)常豐富(fu)。

生態價值

公(gong)園是(shi)以攔蓄形成的(de)河流濕地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu)體，還包括了(le)山間(jian)湖泊濕地(di)(di)、沼澤(ze)濕地(di)(di)及其溝渠、庫塘、稻田(tian)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)工濕地(di)(di)，以及人(ren)(ren)工林(lin)與(yu)天然次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)在內(nei)的(de)濕地(di)(di)-森(sen)林(lin)復合生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統相對(dui)完整且(qie)類型豐富多樣(yang)，發揮著蓄納(na)洪(hong)水(shui)、涵養(yang)水(shui)源、凈(jing)化(hua)水(shui)質、維(wei)護濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性、調節區域氣(qi)候等(deng)重要的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能，為(wei)湘(xiang)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全提(ti)供了(le)保(bao)障。同時，由于(yu)公(gong)園位于(yu)我國(guo)候鳥(niao)南北遷徙中線(xian)，淡水(shui)濕地(di)(di)水(shui)禽種類較(jiao)為(wei)豐富，具有較(jiao)高的(de)科學研究和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護價值(zhi)，是(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)河湖類型濕地(di)(di)的(de)科學研究、科普(pu)教育和濕地(di)(di)保(bao)護宣傳的(de)較(jiao)佳場所。