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地理位置

公園(yuan)位于寧鄉(xiang)縣城玉潭鎮(zhen)與東(dong)南(nan)近郊的歷經(jing)鋪、城郊、白馬橋(qiao)、壩塘四鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)交匯處，規(gui)劃面積1472公頃，范圍東(dong)起金(jin)洲(zhou)壩，北以(yi)堤壩為界，西至珍洲(zhou)壩、美(mei)女(nv)山后，向南(nan)沿山脊線經(jing)下箭塘－天子(zi)山－胡羅(luo)山－大(da)峰(feng)嶺－千(qian)鳳龍－窯洲(zhou)寨(zhai)－溜子(zi)洲(zhou)后，沿堤壩至沙河(he)橋(qiao)，經(jing)南(nan)苑路后沿堤壩至金(jin)洲(zhou)壩。地理(li)坐標東(dong)經(jing)112°30′00″-112°37′00″，北緯27°11′30″-27°17′05″。

總體布局

公園(yuan)于2009年12月經國家林業局(ju)批準開展(zhan)國家濕地公園(yuan)試點建設。總體布局(ju)是“一線(xian)、兩(liang)(liang)帶、三區、三主題(ti)”。“一線(xian)”即(ji)一條(tiao)溈江水(shui)(shui)系景觀(guan)主軸(zhou)線(xian)，“兩(liang)(liang)帶”即(ji)溈江東、西兩(liang)(liang)岸沿江風光(guang)帶，“三區”即(ji)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區、宣教服(fu)務區、觀(guan)光(guang)休(xiu)閑體驗區三個重點功能區(其中生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區又(you)包括金(jin)洲(zhou)湖(hu)濕地保育(yu)區、鱔魚(yu)洲(zhou)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區、溜子洲(zhou)植物保護繁(fan)育(yu)區、南(nan)太湖(hu)山地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保育(yu)區)，“三主題(ti)”即(ji)金(jin)洲(zhou)湖(hu)濕地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)展(zhan)示休(xiu)閑區、珍洲(zhou)水(shui)(shui)鄉風情園(yuan)區、南(nan)太湖(hu)森林景觀(guan)游(you)憩區。

水系情況

公(gong)園以湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一級(ji)支流(liu)溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)為主體(ti)，園內金洲壩(ba)、溈(gui)豐(feng)壩(ba)、珍洲壩(ba)梯級(ji)相(xiang)連，形成長(chang)約16公(gong)里的(de)河(he)道(dao)型(xing)水庫。溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發源于(yu)寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣扶王山(shan)，自西向東蜿(wan)蜒而下，橫貫(guan)寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)全境，于(yu)長(chang)沙市(shi)望城區新康匯入湘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。河(he)道(dao)全長(chang)144公(gong)里，控制流(liu)域面積(ji)2430平方公(gong)里，流(liu)經寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)境內120公(gong)里，流(liu)域面積(ji)2200平方公(gong)里，占整(zheng)個(ge)溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域面積(ji)86%，占寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣域總面積(ji)76%。千百年來(lai)，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)用不竭的(de)甘霖滋(zi)潤著(zhu)楚溈(gui)大地，養(yang)育了兩岸的(de)人們。同時，她也是一條(tiao)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)河(he)流(liu)，沿(yan)途有(you)著(zhu)厚重的(de)歷(li)史(shi)人文古跡、豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)土民間傳說和美麗(li)的(de)自然山(shan)水風(feng)光(guang)。因此(ci)，溈(gui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)被譽為“寧鄉(xiang)(xiang)母親(qin)河(he)”。

資源情況

濕地資源

公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以河(he)流濕地(di)為(wei)(wei)主，兼有湖泊(bo)濕地(di)、沼澤濕地(di)和稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)濕地(di)。濕地(di)資源面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1219.35公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)82.84%。其(qi)中(zhong)永久(jiu)性河(he)流濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)293.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)19.92%；泛洪平(ping)原濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)445.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30.27%（包(bao)括三(san)個河(he)心洲：珍洲143.59公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、溜子洲10.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、鱔魚洲4.10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)）；湖泊(bo)、庫塘濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)93.45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)6.35%；稻(dao)(dao)田(tian)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)387.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)26.30%。其(qi)他為(wei)(wei)有林地(di)與宜(yi)林荒山地(di)約252.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)17.16%。

野生動物資源

公園內有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)湖南省重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保護的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)或者(zhe)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要經(jing)濟、科學研究價值的(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)127種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，列(lie)入《瀕危(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》附錄二、附錄三的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分別有(you)(you)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書評為(wei)瀕危(wei)級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園內鳥類(lei)資源(yuan)有(you)(you)15目(mu)40科125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥保護協定保護鳥類(lei)，13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥保護協定保護鳥類(lei)。魚(yu)類(lei)資源(yuan)有(you)(you)4目(mu)14科46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)華東(dong)魚(yu)類(lei)區系為(wei)主(zhu)，兼有(you)(you)南北(bei)和(he)西部(bu)區系成分滲透，具有(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)(de)過渡性。

野生植物資源

公園(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)維管(guan)束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)105科(ke)228屬(shu)(shu)287種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)15科(ke)19屬(shu)(shu)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)2科(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)88科(ke)207屬(shu)(shu)261種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括雙子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)73科(ke)157屬(shu)(shu)200種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、單子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)15科(ke)50屬(shu)(shu)61種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。公園(yuan)(yuan)內國家重點保護野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)主要有(you)(you)水杉、銀杏、花櫚木(mu)、香樟(zhang)、野大豆等。

自然人文資源

公園內溈(gui)江(jiang)河道(dao)及沿岸有(you)金洲(zhou)湖(hu)、金洲(zhou)風雨廊(lang)橋(qiao)、鱔魚洲(zhou)、狀元樓、溜(liu)子(zi)洲(zhou)、正農仿古街、美女山等景點。南(nan)太湖(hu)一帶(dai)山水(shui)秀麗，素有(you)“寧鄉后花園”之(zhi)稱。溈(gui)江(jiang)、烏江(jiang)在珍洲(zhou)壩匯合，形成長約2公里的幽深峽谷，兩岸樹木蔥蘢(long)，林間鳥獸出(chu)沒(mei)，生態(tai)旅游資源非常豐富(fu)。

生態價值

公(gong)園是(shi)以(yi)攔蓄形(xing)成的(de)(de)河(he)流濕(shi)地為主體，還包(bao)括了山間湖泊濕(shi)地、沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)地及其溝渠(qu)、庫塘(tang)、稻田等人工(gong)濕(shi)地，以(yi)及人工(gong)林(lin)與天(tian)然次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)在內的(de)(de)濕(shi)地-森林(lin)復合生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統相對完整且類(lei)(lei)型(xing)豐富(fu)多(duo)樣(yang)，發揮(hui)著蓄納洪水(shui)、涵養(yang)水(shui)源、凈(jing)化水(shui)質、維護濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性、調節區域氣候等重要的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)能，為湘江生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全提供(gong)了保(bao)障。同時，由于公(gong)園位于我國候鳥(niao)南(nan)北(bei)遷徙中線，淡水(shui)濕(shi)地水(shui)禽種類(lei)(lei)較(jiao)(jiao)為豐富(fu)，具有較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護價值，是(shi)開展(zhan)河(he)湖類(lei)(lei)型(xing)濕(shi)地的(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究、科(ke)普教育(yu)和濕(shi)地保(bao)護宣傳的(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)佳場所。