湖南(nan)通道玉帶河(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公園位于通道侗族自治(zhi)縣中部,包括玉帶河(he)臨(lin)口(kou)至江口(kou)水域、河(he)洲漫灘、灘涂、曬口(kou)水庫(ku)和周(zhou)邊部分(fen)林(lin)地(di),濕(shi)地(di)公園總面(mian)積1503.8公頃(qing),其中濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)積984.5公頃(qing),濕(shi)地(di)率為(wei)65.46%。
湖南(nan)(nan)通道玉(yu)帶河(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)位(wei)于通道侗族自(zi)治縣中部,地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)介于東(dong)經109°32′12″~109°49′5″,北(bei)(bei)緯26°12′59″~26°22′33″之間,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長17.8千米(mi),東(dong)西寬28.0千米(mi),范圍(wei)包括臨口(kou)、下鄉、雙江(jiang)、菁蕪洲、縣溪、播陽、鍋沖、江(jiang)口(kou)等8個鄉鎮29個行政村,包括玉(yu)帶河(he)臨口(kou)至江(jiang)口(kou)水域、河(he)洲漫灘、灘涂、曬口(kou)水庫和周邊(bian)部分林地(di),濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)總(zong)面積1503.8公頃,其中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積984.5公頃,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)率(lv)為65.46%。
玉帶河是(shi)湖南(nan)四(si)條主要河流沅(yuan)水(shui)流域的(de)(de)上游是(shi)維系云貴高原與雪峰(feng)山脈間的(de)(de)生(sheng)態屏障,是(shi)全(quan)國珍(zhen)稀(xi)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)重要的(de)(de)棲息地(di),公園內(nei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性十分豐富,共有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)153科533屬(shu)832種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),發(fa)現(xian)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)湖南(nan)報春。珍(zhen)稀(xi)野生(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)有香樟、閩(min)楠、銀杏、野大豆、金喬麥(mai)、花櫚木、中(zhong)華結縷草等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家Ⅱ級重點保護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)。有野生(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共5綱29目80科224種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)有白(bai)頸(jing)長尾(wei)雉國家保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鴛鴦、白(bai)鷴、斑(ban)頭(tou)鵂鹠、褐(he)冠鵑隼(sun)、黑(hei)冠鵑隼(sun)、紅(hong)(hong)隼(sun)、阿(a)穆爾隼(sun)、灰背隼(sun)、雀鷹、日本松雀鷹、黑(hei)耳鳶、紅(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、白(bai)尾(wei)鷂(yao)、褐(he)林鸮(xiao)(xiao)、虎(hu)紋蛙、東方(fang)角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、領(ling)角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、領(ling)鵂鹠、猴面鷹(草鸮(xiao)(xiao))、灰鶴、貓頭(tou)鷹等(deng)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu),是(shi)全(quan)國重點鳥(niao)類遷徙地(di)及通道。
濕(shi)地公園屬亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)風濕(shi)潤性(xing)氣(qi)候區,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,但夏天(tian)(tian)酷暑,冬少嚴寒。氣(qi)溫年較差小(xiao),日(ri)較差大,春溫回升遲,秋溫降(jiang)得早。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)時段分配為(wei)(wei):3月(yue)(yue)23日(ri)~6月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)為(wei)(wei)春季(ji)(ji)(ji),為(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)81天(tian)(tian);6月(yue)(yue)12日(ri)~9月(yue)(yue)12日(ri)為(wei)(wei)夏季(ji)(ji)(ji),為(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)93天(tian)(tian);9月(yue)(yue)13日(ri)~11月(yue)(yue)18日(ri)為(wei)(wei)秋季(ji)(ji)(ji),為(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)67天(tian)(tian);11月(yue)(yue)19日(ri)~3月(yue)(yue)22日(ri)為(wei)(wei)冬季(ji)(ji)(ji),為(wei)(wei)期(qi)(qi)124天(tian)(tian)。