湖南通(tong)道玉(yu)帶(dai)河國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園位于通(tong)道侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)中部,包括(kuo)玉(yu)帶(dai)河臨口(kou)(kou)至江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)水(shui)(shui)域、河洲漫灘、灘涂、曬口(kou)(kou)水(shui)(shui)庫和周邊部分林地(di),濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園總面積(ji)(ji)1503.8公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其(qi)中濕(shi)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)984.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),濕(shi)地(di)率為(wei)65.46%。
湖南(nan)通道玉(yu)(yu)帶(dai)河(he)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于通道侗族自治縣中部,地(di)理(li)坐標介于東經109°32′12″~109°49′5″,北(bei)(bei)緯26°12′59″~26°22′33″之間,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長17.8千米,東西寬(kuan)28.0千米,范圍包括(kuo)(kuo)臨(lin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)、下鄉、雙江(jiang)(jiang)、菁蕪洲(zhou)、縣溪、播陽、鍋沖、江(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)等(deng)8個鄉鎮29個行(xing)政村,包括(kuo)(kuo)玉(yu)(yu)帶(dai)河(he)臨(lin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)至江(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)水域、河(he)洲(zhou)漫灘、灘涂、曬口(kou)(kou)(kou)水庫和周邊部分林(lin)地(di),濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總面積1503.8公(gong)(gong)頃,其(qi)中濕地(di)面積984.5公(gong)(gong)頃,濕地(di)率為65.46%。
玉帶河(he)是(shi)湖南四條主要河(he)流沅水流域(yu)的(de)上游是(shi)維系云貴(gui)高原與雪峰山(shan)脈間(jian)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態屏障,是(shi)全國(guo)珍稀野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)要的(de)棲(qi)息(xi)地(di),公園內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性十分豐富(fu),共有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)153科533屬(shu)832種(zhong)(zhong),發現新種(zhong)(zhong)湖南報春。珍稀野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)香樟、閩楠、銀杏(xing)、野(ye)(ye)大豆、金喬麥、花(hua)櫚(lv)木、中(zhong)(zhong)華結縷草等7種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。有(you)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共5綱29目80科224種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)白頸(jing)長尾雉國(guo)家(jia)保護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)。鴛鴦、白鷴、斑頭鵂鹠(liu)(liu)、褐(he)冠鵑(juan)隼(sun)、黑冠鵑(juan)隼(sun)、紅隼(sun)、阿(a)穆爾隼(sun)、灰背隼(sun)、雀鷹、日本松雀鷹、黑耳鳶、紅腹錦雞、白尾鷂、褐(he)林鸮(xiao)、虎紋蛙、東(dong)方角(jiao)(jiao)鸮(xiao)、領角(jiao)(jiao)鸮(xiao)、領鵂鹠(liu)(liu)、猴面鷹(草鸮(xiao))、灰鶴(he)、貓頭鷹等21種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),是(shi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)鳥類遷徙(xi)地(di)及通道。
濕地公(gong)園屬亞熱帶季風濕潤性氣(qi)候區,四季分明(ming),但夏(xia)(xia)天(tian)酷暑,冬少嚴寒(han)。氣(qi)溫(wen)年較差(cha)小,日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大,春(chun)(chun)溫(wen)回升(sheng)遲(chi),秋溫(wen)降得(de)早(zao)。四季時(shi)段(duan)分配(pei)為(wei):3月(yue)(yue)(yue)23日(ri)(ri)(ri)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)春(chun)(chun)季,為(wei)期81天(tian);6月(yue)(yue)(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)~9月(yue)(yue)(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)夏(xia)(xia)季,為(wei)期93天(tian);9月(yue)(yue)(yue)13日(ri)(ri)(ri)~11月(yue)(yue)(yue)18日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)秋季,為(wei)期67天(tian);11月(yue)(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)~3月(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)(ri)(ri)為(wei)冬季,為(wei)期124天(tian)。