湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公園地(di)處(chu)南洞庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)與西洞庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)2處(chu)國(guo)際重要濕地(di)交(jiao)匯處(chu),資(zi)江、沅江與澧水三水匯合的半島之上(shang),包括(kuo)以沅江市區為(wei)(wei)中心,互為(wei)(wei)連通的后江湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓼葉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、上(shang)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、下(xia)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、石磯湖(hu)(hu)(hu)及胭(yan)脂湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群構成,是洞庭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地(di)的重要組成部分。地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei):東經112°16′35″~112°23′58″,北緯28°44′36″~28°51′42″。
公園(yuan)內(nei)水域(yu)闊(kuo)廣(guang)、港汊密布、岸(an)線曲(qu)折(zhe)、堤岸(an)自然、林(lin)(lin)草豐茂、景色秀美(mei)、觀賞(shang)性(xing)強(qiang),與沅江市(shi)城區形成"濕(shi)地-森林(lin)(lin)-城市(shi)"復合(he)生態系統,濕(shi)地生態特征典型、生物多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)豐富(fu)、歷史遺(yi)跡文(wen)(wen)物眾多(duo),人文(wen)(wen)底蘊(yun)深厚(hou)、景觀資源組(zu)合(he)度(du)高,是洞庭(ting)湖周邊湖泊濕(shi)地的(de)典型代(dai)表,保護意義重大(da)。
公園總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積1760.4公頃,其中濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積1702.9公頃,占規劃面(mian)(mian)積的96.7%。涉及湖(hu)(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)和人工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)3大濕(shi)地(di)類(lei)(lei)和永久性(xing)淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)泊、草本(ben)沼澤、運河、輸水(shui)(shui)河、水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養殖場、庫塘6個濕(shi)地(di)型(xing),濕(shi)地(di)資源類(lei)(lei)型(xing)豐富多樣。
公園及周邊地(di)區(qu)有(you)(you)種(zhong)子植(zhi)物543種(zhong),隸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)353屬(shu)(shu)、119科(ke),其中(zhong)濕地(di)種(zhong)子植(zhi)物138種(zhong),有(you)(you)金蕎麥、中(zhong)華(hua)結縷草等4種(zhong)國家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護植(zhi)物;古樹(shu)名木70余株;有(you)(you)脊椎動物共(gong)計5綱(gang)30目73科(ke)198種(zhong),魚(yu)類與鳥類資源突出,有(you)(you)魚(yu)類48種(zhong),占湖南(nan)已知魚(yu)類的(de)27.9%;鳥類110種(zhong),占湖南(nan)已知鳥類的(de)28.7%;有(you)(you)鴛鴦(yang)、雀鷹、鳶等國家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保護動物17種(zhong),生物多樣性(xing)豐富,珍稀動物眾多,保護和科(ke)研價值(zhi)極(ji)高。
公園(yuan)所在(zai)地(di)沅(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市,被譽(yu)為"魚米之(zhi)鄉",漁(yu)(yu)耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)深(shen)厚(hou),是湘楚文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)發源地(di),李(li)白、杜甫、王(wang)安(an)石(shi)、曾國藩、毛澤(ze)東等(deng)歷代(dai)名人曾寄寓(yu)沅(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),文(wen)(wen)化(hua)底(di)蘊(yun)深(shen)厚(hou);現在(zai)的(de)沅(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市有(you)(you)(you)(you)對洞(dong)(dong)庭漁(yu)(yu)耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳承(cheng)與發展(zhan)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭漁(yu)(yu)火節;有(you)(you)(you)(you)洞(dong)(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)標志意義(yi)的(de)雙塔 "凌云塔"、"鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)塔";有(you)(you)(you)(you)百年歷史(shi)的(de)木質(zhi)樓閣-魁星樓;有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)朝(chao)學府-古瓊湖(hu)(hu)書(shu)院(yuan);有(you)(you)(you)(you)展(zhan)示洞(dong)(dong)庭湖(hu)(hu)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭博(bo)物館,此(ci)外(wai)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)湖(hu)(hu)區特有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)防洪堤與防浪林;有(you)(you)(you)(you)紀念98抗洪勝利(li)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭閣,此(ci)外(wai)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)船(chuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、知(zhi)青文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、美食(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、詩歌文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)化(hua)等(deng),文(wen)(wen)化(hua)資(zi)源多姿多彩,人文(wen)(wen)薈萃(cui)。公園(yuan)內外(wai)的(de)歷史(shi)、濕地(di)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與風景資(zi)源具有(you)(you)(you)(you)很高的(de)科(ke)學教育(yu)和旅游價值(zhi)。