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基本介紹

湖(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園地(di)處南洞(dong)庭(ting)(ting)湖(hu)與(yu)西(xi)洞(dong)庭(ting)(ting)湖(hu)2處國(guo)際重要(yao)濕(shi)地(di)交匯處，資江(jiang)、沅(yuan)江(jiang)與(yu)澧水三水匯合的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)島之上，包括以沅(yuan)江(jiang)市區為中(zhong)心，互(hu)為連通的(de)(de)(de)后江(jiang)湖(hu)、蓼葉(xie)湖(hu)、上瓊(qiong)湖(hu)、下(xia)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)、石磯湖(hu)及胭脂湖(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)泊(bo)群構成，是洞(dong)庭(ting)(ting)湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分。地(di)理坐標為：東經112°16′35″～112°23′58″，北緯28°44′36″～28°51′42″。

公(gong)園內(nei)水域闊廣、港汊密布、岸線曲折、堤岸自(zi)然、林草豐茂、景(jing)色秀美、觀賞性(xing)強，與(yu)沅江(jiang)市城(cheng)(cheng)區形成"濕(shi)地-森林-城(cheng)(cheng)市"復合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統，濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)特征(zheng)典型、生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)豐富、歷史(shi)遺跡(ji)文物眾多，人文底蘊(yun)深厚、景(jing)觀資源組合(he)度高，是洞庭湖周邊湖泊濕(shi)地的典型代表，保(bao)護意(yi)義重大(da)。

公園總(zong)面積(ji)1760.4公頃(qing)，其中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)1702.9公頃(qing)，占(zhan)規劃面積(ji)的96.7%。涉及湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和(he)人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)3大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類和(he)永久性淡水湖泊、草本沼澤、運(yun)河、輸(shu)水河、水產(chan)養殖場、庫塘(tang)6個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源類型豐富(fu)多樣(yang)。

公園及周邊地區(qu)有種子植(zhi)物(wu)543種，隸屬于353屬、119科，其(qi)中濕地種子植(zhi)物(wu)138種，有金蕎麥、中華結縷草等(deng)4種國家二級重(zhong)點保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)；古(gu)樹名木(mu)70余株；有脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)共計5綱30目73科198種，魚類與鳥(niao)類資源突出，有魚類48種，占湖南已(yi)知魚類的27.9%；鳥(niao)類110種，占湖南已(yi)知鳥(niao)類的28.7%；有鴛鴦、雀鷹、鳶等(deng)國家二級重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)17種，生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性豐富，珍稀動(dong)(dong)物(wu)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)，保(bao)護和(he)科研價值(zhi)極高。

公園所在地沅(yuan)江市，被譽(yu)為"魚米(mi)之鄉"，漁(yu)耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)深(shen)厚(hou)，是湘楚文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)發(fa)源地，李白(bai)、杜甫、王安石(shi)、曾國(guo)藩(fan)、毛澤東等歷代名(ming)人(ren)曾寄寓沅(yuan)江，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊深(shen)厚(hou)；現(xian)在的(de)沅(yuan)江市有(you)(you)(you)(you)對洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)漁(yu)耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳承與發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)漁(yu)火節(jie)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)湖(hu)(hu)標志意義(yi)的(de)雙塔(ta) "凌云塔(ta)"、"鎮江塔(ta)"；有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)年歷史(shi)的(de)木質樓閣-魁星樓；有(you)(you)(you)(you)清朝學府(fu)-古瓊湖(hu)(hu)書院；有(you)(you)(you)(you)展(zhan)示洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)湖(hu)(hu)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)博物館(guan)，此外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)湖(hu)(hu)區特有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)防洪堤與防浪林(lin)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)紀(ji)念(nian)98抗(kang)洪勝利(li)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)(ting)閣，此外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)悠(you)久的(de)船文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、知青文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、美食文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)等，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)資源多(duo)姿多(duo)彩(cai)，人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)薈萃。公園內外(wai)的(de)歷史(shi)、濕(shi)地文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與風景資源具有(you)(you)(you)(you)很高(gao)的(de)科學教育(yu)和旅游價值。