湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國家濕地(di)公(gong)園地(di)處南洞(dong)庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)與西(xi)洞(dong)庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)2處國際重要(yao)濕地(di)交匯(hui)(hui)處,資江、沅江與澧水(shui)三水(shui)匯(hui)(hui)合(he)的半島之上(shang),包括以沅江市區(qu)為中心,互為連通的后江湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、蓼葉(xie)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、上(shang)瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、下瓊(qiong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、石(shi)磯湖(hu)(hu)(hu)及胭(yan)脂湖(hu)(hu)(hu)等湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊群構成,是(shi)洞(dong)庭(ting)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)濕地(di)的重要(yao)組成部分。地(di)理坐標為:東經112°16′35″~112°23′58″,北緯(wei)28°44′36″~28°51′42″。
公園內水(shui)域闊廣、港汊(cha)密(mi)布、岸(an)線(xian)曲折、堤岸(an)自然、林(lin)草豐(feng)茂、景色秀(xiu)美(mei)、觀(guan)賞(shang)性(xing)強,與沅(yuan)江(jiang)市城(cheng)(cheng)區形成"濕地(di)-森(sen)林(lin)-城(cheng)(cheng)市"復合生態(tai)系統,濕地(di)生態(tai)特征典型(xing)、生物(wu)多樣性(xing)豐(feng)富、歷史遺跡文物(wu)眾多,人文底蘊深厚(hou)、景觀(guan)資源組合度高,是洞庭湖周邊(bian)湖泊濕地(di)的典型(xing)代表,保護意(yi)義重大。
公園總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1760.4公頃,其(qi)中濕地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1702.9公頃,占(zhan)規(gui)劃面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的96.7%。涉及(ji)湖泊濕地、沼澤濕地和人工濕地3大濕地類和永久性淡水湖泊、草本沼澤、運河、輸水河、水產養殖場、庫塘6個(ge)濕地型,濕地資源類型豐(feng)富多樣。
公(gong)園(yuan)及周邊地區(qu)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)543種(zhong)(zhong),隸屬于353屬、119科,其中濕地種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)138種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)金蕎(qiao)麥、中華結縷(lv)草等4種(zhong)(zhong)國家二(er)級(ji)重點保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu);古樹名木70余株;有(you)(you)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)共計5綱(gang)30目73科198種(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)與鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)資源突出,有(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)48種(zhong)(zhong),占湖南已知魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的27.9%;鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)110種(zhong)(zhong),占湖南已知鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的28.7%;有(you)(you)鴛鴦、雀鷹、鳶(yuan)等國家二(er)級(ji)重點保護動物(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong),生物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)豐富,珍稀動物(wu)(wu)眾多,保護和科研(yan)價值極高。
公園所在(zai)地(di)沅江市,被(bei)譽為"魚(yu)米之鄉",漁耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)深厚,是湘楚(chu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di),李白、杜甫、王(wang)安石、曾(ceng)國藩(fan)、毛澤(ze)東等歷(li)代名(ming)人曾(ceng)寄寓沅江,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)底蘊(yun)深厚;現在(zai)的(de)(de)沅江市有(you)(you)(you)對洞庭漁耕(geng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳承(cheng)與(yu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)洞庭漁火(huo)節(jie);有(you)(you)(you)洞庭湖(hu)標志意(yi)義的(de)(de)雙塔(ta) "凌云塔(ta)"、"鎮江塔(ta)";有(you)(you)(you)百年歷(li)史的(de)(de)木質樓(lou)閣(ge)-魁星樓(lou);有(you)(you)(you)清朝學府-古瓊湖(hu)書院;有(you)(you)(you)展示洞庭湖(hu)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)洞庭博物館(guan),此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)湖(hu)區特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)防洪(hong)堤與(yu)防浪林;有(you)(you)(you)紀念98抗洪(hong)勝利的(de)(de)洞庭閣(ge),此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)船文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、知青文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、美食(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)等,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)資源(yuan)多(duo)姿多(duo)彩,人文(wen)(wen)薈萃。公園內外(wai)的(de)(de)歷(li)史、濕地(di)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與(yu)風景資源(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)科學教育(yu)和旅游價值。