具體位置
黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)濕地國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)位于黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)游(you),跨甘(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)、臨澤、高(gao)臺(tai)三(san)縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu),范圍在東經(jing)(jing)99°19′21″-100°34′48″,北緯(wei)38°57′54″-39°52′30″之間,保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)沿(yan)(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)游(you)干(gan)流河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道分(fen)布(bu),東自(zi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)閘鎮(zhen)新建村(cun)起,向西經(jing)(jing)高(gao)臺(tai)縣(xian)(xian)羅(luo)城鄉(xiang)鹽池灘至(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)正(zheng)義峽出(chu)界處;北自(zi)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)正(zheng)義峽出(chu)界處起,沿(yan)(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流北岸、山丹(dan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道至(zhi)(zhi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)紅沙(sha)窩(wo)國有(you)(you)林(lin)場;南(nan)自(zi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)閘鎮(zhen)東泉(quan)村(cun)起,沿(yan)(yan)黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流南(nan)岸,經(jing)(jing)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)沙(sha)井鎮(zhen)興隆村(cun)、臨澤大沙(sha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)五泉(quan)國有(you)(you)林(lin)場,沿(yan)(yan)大沙(sha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)道與黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流南(nan)岸,至(zhi)(zhi)肅南(nan)裕固族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)和(he)高(gao)臺(tai)縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界處。
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積41164.56公頃(qing)(qing),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)核心區(qu)(qu)13640.01公頃(qing)(qing),緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)12531.21公頃(qing)(qing),實驗區(qu)(qu)14993.34公頃(qing)(qing),三個功能區(qu)(qu)基本各占1/3。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬“自然生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統類(lei)”“內(nei)(nei)陸濕地(di)和(he)水域生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統類(lei)型(xing)”。其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要保(bao)護(hu)對象(xiang)為我國西(xi)北(bei)典型(xing)內(nei)(nei)陸河(he)流(liu)濕地(di)和(he)水域生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統及生物多樣性(xing);以黑鸛為代表的(de)濕地(di)珍禽及鳥類(lei)遷徙重(zhong)要通道和(he)棲息地(di);黑河(he)中(zhong)下游重(zhong)要的(de)水源涵養地(di)和(he)水生動植(zhi)物生境(jing);西(xi)北(bei)荒漠區(qu)(qu)的(de)綠(lv)洲植(zhi)被及典型(xing)的(de)內(nei)(nei)陸河(he)流(liu)自然景觀。
保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)處在河西走(zou)廊(lang)中段、青(qing)藏高原和(he)蒙新(xin)高原的過渡地(di)(di)帶,區(qu)(qu)域狹長,地(di)(di)理(li)位置獨(du)特,生物(wu)多樣性突出(chu),由內(nei)陸山(shan)地(di)(di)-荒漠-綠洲三個子(zi)系(xi)統構(gou)成復合系(xi)統,典型性和(he)代表性明顯(xian),在西北(bei)荒漠地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)非常珍貴和(he)稀(xi)有。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)主體地(di)(di)貌為河谷平原,海拔1200—1500米(mi),呈條帶狀分布。北(bei)部(bu)為戈壁平原鄰近巴(ba)丹吉(ji)林沙漠,南部(bu)為祁連(lian)山(shan)荒漠戈壁。
濕地資源
張掖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)有兩大類(lei)4個(ge)(ge)類(lei)型13個(ge)(ge)類(lei)別(bie)(bie),總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)210420.42hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.02%。其中天(tian)然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)包括永久性河流、季節性河流、泛洪平原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、永久性淡水湖、季節性淡水湖、草本沼澤(ze)、高(gao)山濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、灌叢濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、內陸(lu)鹽沼9個(ge)(ge)類(lei)別(bie)(bie),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)199709.97hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)94.9%;人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)包括池(chi)塘、灌溉渠(qu)系(xi)及稻田、蓄水區、鹽田4個(ge)(ge)類(lei)別(bie)(bie),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)10710.45hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.1%。在天(tian)然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中,其中高(gao)山濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)113678.68hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)54.02%;河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)58110.95hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)27.62%;冰川濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)40008.08hm,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)19.01%。按行政區域統計(ji),肅南縣(xian)、高(gao)臺縣(xian)、臨澤(ze)縣(xian)、山丹縣(xian)、民樂縣(xian)、甘(gan)州區濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)155100.1hm、17450hm、10822.2hm、10256.9hm、11652.68hm和5139.14hm,分別(bie)(bie)占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)73.71%、8.29%、5.14%、4.87%、5.54%和2.44%。
濕地動植物資源
黑(hei)河流域(yu)地(di)域(yu)遼闊(kuo),森林、草原、冰川、河流、水域(yu)分布廣泛,動(dong)植物資源較為(wei)豐富。高等植物有(you)(you)84科399屬1044種(zhong)(zhong),屬于國家(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)護的(de)(de)有(you)(you)星(xing)葉(xie)草、冬蟲夏草等,屬于國家(jia)三級(ji)保(bao)護的(de)(de)有(you)(you)肉蓯蓉、蒙(meng)古扁桃(tao)、桃(tao)兒七(qi)、裸果木等。陸棲動(dong)物有(you)(you)229種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)全省陸棲動(dong)物659種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)24.78%,屬于國家(jia)一類(lei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)有(you)(you)藏(zang)野驢、雪豹、野牦(mao)牛(niu)、白(bai)唇鹿、馬(ma)麝、黑(hei)鸛(guan)、遺鷗(ou)等16種(zhong)(zhong),屬于國家(jia)二類(lei)保(bao)護的(de)(de)有(you)(you)馬(ma)鹿、盤(pan)羊、巖羊、草原雕、藍馬(ma)雞(ji)、大天鵝、小(xiao)天鵝、灰鶴等44種(zhong)(zhong)。
保護區位于我國候鳥三(san)大(da)遷徙途徑西部路線的(de)(de)中(zhong)段,地表水(shui)(shui)與地下水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)反復(fu)交替,形(xing)成了境(jing)內湖泊、沼(zhao)澤、灘涂星羅棋布,生(sheng)物多樣性豐富,喜濕植物茂盛的(de)(de)內陸干旱區獨特的(de)(de)濕地生(sheng)態系統,為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)鳥類繁衍生(sheng)息創(chuang)造(zao)了得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)條件(jian),是春秋兩季(ji)大(da)量候鳥停(ting)歇嬉(xi)戲的(de)(de)天(tian)堂。有國家I級保護鳥類黑鸛Ciconia nigra、玉帶海(hai)雕Haliaeetusleucoryphus、白尾海(hai)雕Haliaeetusalbicilla等4種,國家Ⅱ級保護鳥類大(da)天(tian)鵝(e)Cygnus Cygnus、小(xiao)天(tian)鵝(e)Cygnuscolunbianus、鶚Pandion haliaetus、灰鶴(he)Grus grus等18種,國家“三(san)有”鳥類60余種途經這里。
歷程
張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕地(di)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區始建于1992年(nian),原(yuan)名“高臺(tai)縣黑(hei)河(he)流域自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區”,2004年(nian)經(jing)甘肅省人民(min)政府批準(zhun)成立(li)“甘肅高臺(tai)黑(hei)河(he)濕地(di)省級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區”,2011年(nian)4月經(jing)國(guo)務院批準(zhun)晉升(sheng)為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區,更名為“張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕地(di)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區”,其管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)機(ji)構為“張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕地(di)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)”。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)直(zhi)屬于張(zhang)(zhang)掖(ye)市人民(min)政府管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),下(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)(she)高臺(tai)、甘州、臨(lin)(lin)澤三(san)個分局(ju),其中(zhong)高臺(tai)分局(ju)下(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)(she)羅城、合黎、黑(hei)泉(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),臨(lin)(lin)澤分局(ju)下(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)(she)平川、鴨暖管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),甘州分局(ju)下(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)(she)烏(wu)江、城郊(jiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)處,實行局(ju)、分局(ju)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)級(ji)(ji)垂直(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)內部機(ji)構設(she)(she)(she)辦公(gong)室、資源保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)科(ke)、資源開(kai)發科(ke)、公(gong)安派出所、生態臨(lin)(lin)測站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)總站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)等。
保護區(qu)(qu)的建(jian)設(she)符合(he)國(guo)家生(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)設(she)和可(ke)持續發展(zhan)(zhan)要求,符合(he)甘(gan)肅(su)和張(zhang)掖(ye)經濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)與生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)保護中長期規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),先(xian)后委(wei)托蘭(lan)州大學編(bian)制完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)自然保護區(qu)(qu)綜合(he)科學考察報(bao)(bao)告(gao)》,委(wei)托南京環境(jing)科學研(yan)究所編(bian)制了(le)《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》《甘(gan)肅(su)張(zhang)掖(ye)黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)可(ke)行性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)(bao)告(gao)》。《總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)年(nian)限20年(nian),規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)投資10.2億元(yuan),計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)進行黑(hei)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)保護與恢復、基礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)、科研(yan)監測、宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)育(yu)、生(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)等(deng)項目(mu)建(jian)設(she)。《自然保護區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設(she)項目(mu)可(ke)行性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)(bao)告(gao)》計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)在(zai)2011年(nian)至2013年(nian)總投資3905.58萬(wan)元(yuan),主要建(jian)設(she)管護設(she)施(shi)、科研(yan)監測設(she)施(shi)、宣傳(chuan)教(jiao)育(yu)設(she)施(shi),完(wan)成(cheng)修繕(shan)工程,開展(zhan)(zhan)綜合(he)科學考察,建(jian)立地(di)理信息系統和生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)數據庫。
戰略地位
甘肅張掖黑河濕地國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)的(de)建(jian)設和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)事關(guan)甘、青、蒙三省(sheng)區(qu)乃(nai)至(zhi)我國(guo)(guo)北方(fang)地區(qu)的(de)生態(tai)屏障,事關(guan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)航天事業和國(guo)(guo)防(fang)建(jian)設。保護區(qu)的(de)建(jian)立,在涵養水源(yuan)、調節氣候、凈化水質、防(fang)風固沙、減輕(qing)沙塵暴危害、阻止巴丹吉林沙漠南侵,特別(bie)是在維系黑河流(liu)域(yu)經濟(ji)社會可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、阻斷(duan)京津地區(qu)西路沙塵,確保完(wan)成國(guo)(guo)務院確定的(de)下游年分水指標,維護區(qu)域(yu)生態(tai)安全(quan)等(deng)方(fang)面有極其重要的(de)作用。
中國(guo)黑河流(liu)域(yu)(張掖(ye))濕地保護(hu)工程,對于維護(hu)國(guo)土生(sheng)態安全,保護(hu)生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)、改善(shan)區域(yu)生(sheng)態環境和維系(xi)流(liu)域(yu)綠洲生(sheng)態安全都具有(you)特殊的戰略意義。
張掖(ye)(ye)黑(hei)河濕(shi)地(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)的建立(li),將黑(hei)河濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護和(he)地(di)方發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標上升和(he)融入了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略,使張掖(ye)(ye)真正(zheng)成為(wei)坐落在祁連山(shan)和(he)黑(hei)河濕(shi)地(di)兩個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)之中(zhong)的城(cheng)市(shi),由此張掖(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的背景(jing)、環境、條件和(he)整(zheng)體功能發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)根本性變化,張掖(ye)(ye)在全省的區(qu)域發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略中(zhong)分(fen)工和(he)布局(ju)更為(wei)清(qing)晰,特(te)色更為(wei)鮮明,也進一步印(yin)證了(le)張掖(ye)(ye)“生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全屏(ping)障(zhang)、立(li)體交通(tong)樞(shu)紐、經濟(ji)通(tong)道”戰略定(ding)位的準確性,使生(sheng)態(tai)建設(she)、現代農(nong)業和(he)通(tong)道經濟(ji)三項(xiang)重(zhong)點(dian)更為(wei)突出,必將贏得更多(duo)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)遇(yu)和(he)更大發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)空間。同時,張掖(ye)(ye)市(shi)積極順應國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)建設(she)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全屏(ping)障(zhang)的時代要求,把國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)利益與自身(shen)的特(te)色緊(jin)密結合,堅持(chi)“南保(bao)青龍、北鎖黃(huang)龍、中(zhong)建綠洲生(sheng)態(tai)城(cheng)市(shi)”,以此保(bao)護和(he)建設(she)生(sheng)態(tai)環境,推動(dong)綠洲經濟(ji)社會可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
張掖發展
(一)以(yi)生(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設為重點建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)文明城市。張(zhang)掖(ye)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)建(jian)設集中表現為南部祁(qi)連山水源涵養(yang)區的(de)(de)保護、中部綠洲的(de)(de)優化保護和北部荒漠戈壁的(de)(de)防護治理,這三個(ge)部分是一個(ge)自然系統,其經濟社會發展活動絕(jue)不可超越這個(ge)系統的(de)(de)承載(zai)閾值(zhi)。積極順應國家建(jian)設生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障的(de)(de)時代(dai)要求,把國家利益與張(zhang)掖(ye)的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)、“三農”工(gong)作的(de)(de)特(te)點緊(jin)密結(jie)合。
南部,積極推進祁連(lian)山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區和生(sheng)態(tai)補償(chang)試(shi)驗區建設,加強冰川(chuan)、森(sen)林、草(cao)原、濕地保(bao)護(hu)(hu),實施退耕還(huan)林、退牧還(huan)草(cao)、人工(gong)(gong)造(zao)林、封山育(yu)林(草(cao))等生(sheng)態(tai)恢復和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)程,探索和運用生(sheng)態(tai)補償(chang)機制(zhi),逐步將自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區核(he)心區的農牧民轉為(wei)生(sheng)態(tai)管護(hu)(hu)人員,發展生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游,加快緩沖區農村勞動力轉移,最大限度地減少人為(wei)破壞(huai),提高水源涵養能力。
北(bei)部,加快實施“三北(bei)”防護林、防沙(sha)治沙(sha)等工程(cheng),構筑北(bei)部荒漠區“綠色(se)長城”,阻擋風沙(sha)南(nan)侵(qin),保(bao)護綠洲(zhou)安(an)全。
中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)綠(lv)洲(zhou),我國(guo)第二(er)大(da)內(nei)陸河(he)黑(hei)(hei)河(he)橫(heng)穿全(quan)境,孕育了河(he)西走廊最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)洲(zhou)帶(dai)――張(zhang)掖綠(lv)洲(zhou)。這是(shi)一道遏(e)制巴(ba)丹吉林沙漠(mo)南(nan)侵、保(bao)護祁(qi)連(lian)山水源(yuan)涵養區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態屏障,是(shi)古絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命保(bao)障線,是(shi)張(zhang)掖經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)聚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),也是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態最為敏(min)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脆(cui)弱(ruo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。首(shou)先申請建(jian)立了張(zhang)掖黑(hei)(hei)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),把整個(ge)長300公里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)全(quan)部(bu)納入了保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),使其成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)戰略性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態公益項目(mu),得到了國(guo)家(jia)(jia)支持,全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)六個(ge)縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))也因此全(quan)部(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態補償縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))。以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態建(jian)設(she)(she)引領城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she),把實施黑(hei)(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)綜合治理(li)(li)、保(bao)護黑(hei)(hei)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)緊(jin)密(mi)結合,使黑(hei)(hei)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)兩岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘州、臨澤、高(gao)臺三縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)別(bie)具一格,宜(yi)(yi)居宜(yi)(yi)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田園(yuan)般生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)在(zai)應運而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。特別(bie)是(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)府(fu)所在(zai)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)(yi)歷史(shi)文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)心“1+5”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)框架已全(quan)面形成(cheng)(cheng)。老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),保(bao)護古跡,打造歷史(shi)文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),建(jian)設(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)大(da)佛寺(si)文化(hua)廣場為中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)傳(chuan)承中(zhong)(zhong)心,拆除了張(zhang)掖賓館(guan)歸還于大(da)佛寺(si),搬遷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)委區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政府(fu)讓(rang)位于博物館(guan)、文化(hua)館(guan)、圖書館(guan)等文化(hua)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she),更加凸(tu)現了文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)韻。在(zai)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)北(bei),設(she)(she)立循環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),為發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)通道經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)轉化(hua)、建(jian)設(she)(she)循環(huan)(huan)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)加工(gong)項目(mu)提供(gong)宜(yi)(yi)商(shang)宜(yi)(yi)業(ye)(ye)平(ping)(ping)臺。在(zai)循環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)間,恢復(fu)了3萬畝(mu)天(tian)然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di),建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)離城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)最近、面積(ji)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)。依托國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan),借黑(hei)(hei)河(he)治理(li)(li)項目(mu),治理(li)(li)亂墳崗、采砂(sha)場,建(jian)設(she)(she)了20平(ping)(ping)方公里水天(tian)一色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濱(bin)河(he)新區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。在(zai)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)南(nan)部(bu),建(jian)設(she)(she)了20平(ping)(ping)方公里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)綠(lv)洲(zhou)現代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)試驗示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。緊(jin)靠綠(lv)洲(zhou)現代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)試驗示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),將原有20平(ping)(ping)方公里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙漠(mo)沙丘正(zheng)努力建(jian)設(she)(she)為離城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)最近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)沙漠(mo)地(di)(di)質公園(yuan)。如此,著(zhu)力彰顯著(zhu)“濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”、“戈壁水鄉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特魅力,使新老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和諧(xie)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),古韻新風(feng)交相輝(hui)映,人(ren)與自然和諧(xie)相處,形成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)老城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)歷史(shi)文化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)心,西有濱(bin)河(he)新區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),北(bei)有循環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),南(nan)有綠(lv)洲(zhou)現代(dai)農業(ye)(ye)試驗示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和沙漠(mo)地(di)(di)質公園(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)間有國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)為屏障的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個(ge)新型功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“1+5”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)框架,從而(er)把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)與文化(hua)、歷史(shi)與現代(dai)、人(ren)與自然、空間布局與產業(ye)(ye)結構有機(ji)統籌起來,構成(cheng)(cheng)了宜(yi)(yi)居宜(yi)(yi)游(you)宜(yi)(yi)商(shang)、更宜(yi)(yi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。
(二(er))以生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)綠色農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)為重(zhong)點建設(she)(she)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)大(da)市。水(shui)(shui)是張(zhang)掖綠洲(zhou)經濟(ji)社(she)會發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一要素。農(nong)業(ye)灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)在沙(sha)漠戈壁之中是一對天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)。因此(ci),尋求(qiu)(qiu)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡點,則成為必須(xu)要面對的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個科學而現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)問題。這樣,客(ke)觀(guan)要求(qiu)(qiu)必須(xu)發展節水(shui)(shui)、高效、綠色的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye),改(gai)變(bian)用水(shui)(shui)方式,把節約的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)還給自(zi)然(ran)、還給生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai),把發展農(nong)業(ye)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護相統(tong)(tong)一,把張(zhang)掖的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方要求(qiu)(qiu)與(yu)國家建設(she)(she)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全屏障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)相統(tong)(tong)一。為此(ci),與(yu)中國科學院、中國農(nong)科院一道發起舉(ju)辦了“綠洲(zhou)論壇(tan)”,以求(qiu)(qiu)指導(dao)張(zhang)掖在流(liu)域(yu)系統(tong)(tong)內(nei),積極探索建立統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建設(she)(she)與(yu)現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)相生(sheng)(sheng)相伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)耦合(he)體系,使區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)以水(shui)(shui)為主線的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)經濟(ji)系統(tong)(tong)在更高層次上實現(xian)協調(diao)發展,從而步入生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)越(yue)(yue)好→農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量越(yue)(yue)優→農(nong)業(ye)綜合(he)效益越(yue)(yue)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)良性循(xun)環。
按照(zhao)“多采光、少(shao)用(yong)水、節省地(di)、高效益”的(de)要(yao)求,結合黑河濕地(di)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)建(jian)設,以節水、生態、高效為(wei)主要(yao)特(te)征,大力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)制種、肉牛、釀酒葡萄、馬鈴薯、番茄等特(te)色優勢產業(ye)(ye)(ye),就會(hui)在國(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略的(de)推動(dong)下,加快張掖(ye)(ye)向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強市邁進的(de)步伐。與(yu)中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)科院合作共建(jian)了(le)“張掖(ye)(ye)綠(lv)洲現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗(yan)示(shi)(shi)范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)”,現(xian)(xian)已成為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)首批、甘肅唯一的(de)“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)(qu)”。把現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗(yan)示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)設同農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動(dong)力(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)培訓結合起來,已連續3年實施30萬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動(dong)力(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)培訓工程,近(jin)20萬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村勞動(dong)力(li)(li)素質技(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)得(de)到較(jiao)大提升,形成了(le)“前引后推”的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)格局(ju),為(wei)現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)深入推進奠定(ding)了(le)基礎、創造了(le)條(tiao)件。
(三)以(yi)(yi)發(fa)展通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)經濟(ji)為(wei)重點建設(she)(she)(she)服務型(xing)特色城(cheng)市(shi)。加快改善(shan)以(yi)(yi)交通(tong)(tong)為(wei)重點的(de)(de)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)(she),積極打(da)通(tong)(tong)省際(ji)“斷頭(tou)路(lu)”,擴大(da)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)截面,構建“暢通(tong)(tong)張(zhang)掖”。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)打(da)通(tong)(tong)南(nan)至青(qing)海(hai)(hai)祁連(lian)縣的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),改造北(bei)至內(nei)蒙(meng)阿(a)右(you)旗的(de)(de)公路(lu),使現有通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)承東(dong)啟西的(de)(de)作用發(fa)揮得更充分,覆蓋的(de)(de)范圍(wei)更廣(guang),成為(wei)連(lian)接青(qing)藏高(gao)原和(he)內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)高(gao)原的(de)(de)大(da)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)。發(fa)展通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)經濟(ji),必須得有豐富的(de)(de)經濟(ji)流。積極推動區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)產業合作發(fa)展,南(nan)與青(qing)海(hai)(hai)門(men)源、祁連(lian)縣的(de)(de)生態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)相(xiang)結盟,北(bei)與內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)阿(a)右(you)旗沙漠旅(lv)(lv)游(you)相(xiang)聯合,東(dong)西與絲綢之路(lu)文化旅(lv)(lv)游(you)相(xiang)銜(xian)接,打(da)造區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)精(jing)品(pin)線路(lu),建設(she)(she)(she)游(you)客服務中心(xin),形成無障礙(ai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)協作區(qu)(qu),把(ba)張(zhang)掖打(da)造成“七彩丹霞、濕地之城(cheng)、裕固家(jia)園、戈壁(bi)水鄉”的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)目的(de)(de)地和(he)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)性中心(xin)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)城(cheng)市(shi)。
與(yu)張(zhang)掖接(jie)壤的(de)南北兩大高原(yuan)都是(shi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)富集(ji)區,但要將資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)勢(shi)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為經(jing)濟(ji)優(you)(you)勢(shi),必然要借助(zhu)于河西(xi)走廊(lang)的(de)交(jiao)通優(you)(you)勢(shi)。張(zhang)掖市生態(tai)環(huan)境、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平、公(gong)共保障能力(li)相(xiang)對較好,具有宜(yi)(yi)居、宜(yi)(yi)游(you)、宜(yi)(yi)學、宜(yi)(yi)行(xing)、宜(yi)(yi)醫、宜(yi)(yi)商、宜(yi)(yi)業的(de)優(you)(you)勢(shi),將這些優(you)(you)勢(shi)充分發(fa)(fa)揮出來,與(yu)青海、內蒙等周邊省區的(de)相(xiang)鄰縣區共建(jian)張(zhang)掖經(jing)濟(ji)技術開發(fa)(fa)區,在(zai)幫助(zhu)把(ba)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優(you)(you)勢(shi)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)為經(jing)濟(ji)優(you)(you)勢(shi)的(de)過程中發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)自己。樹立在(zai)為人(ren)服(fu)務(wu)中發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)自己、在(zai)給人(ren)以便(bian)利(li)中發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)自己的(de)理念,建(jian)設服(fu)務(wu)型政(zheng)府,優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)通道(dao)軟硬(ying)環(huan)境,完善(shan)服(fu)務(wu)功(gong)能,創造良(liang)好的(de)人(ren)文環(huan)境、法制環(huan)境,使各類生產要素的(de)聚集(ji)流動更(geng)加活躍和通暢,加快通道(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
與(yu)生態建(jian)設(she)、現代(dai)農業(ye)和通(tong)道(dao)經濟三項工作重點相對應,張掖(ye)(ye)的(de)奮斗(dou)目標(biao)就是(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)生態文明大市(shi)、現代(dai)農業(ye)大市(shi)、通(tong)道(dao)經濟特色市(shi)。張掖(ye)(ye)本(ben)身又是(shi)(shi)一個多(duo)民(min)(min)(min)族聚居的(de)地(di)區,南北兩(liang)邊都與(yu)民(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區接壤,不論是(shi)(shi)維(wei)護自(zi)身團結(jie)穩定(ding),還是(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)通(tong)道(dao)經濟,客觀上要(yao)求(qiu)必須加強民(min)(min)(min)族團結(jie),維(wei)護民(min)(min)(min)族地(di)區的(de)和諧(xie)穩定(ding)與(yu)發展(zhan)。所以,建(jian)設(she)民(min)(min)(min)族團結(jie)進步市(shi)也(ye)就成為張掖(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)應有目標(biao)之一。