1958年8月(yue),經(jing)云南省林(lin)業廳批(pi)準建(jian)立文(wen)山(shan)縣老(lao)君山(shan)和(he)西疇縣坪寨兩個國營林(lin)場(chang);
1980年6月5日,文山州革(ge)命委員會批準合并建立州級(ji)保護區;
1986年3月,批(pi)建小橋溝省級(ji)保護區;
1997年,批(pi)建老君(jun)山省級保護區;
2000年7月,擴建合并為“云南文山(shan)自然保護區”;
2003年6月,將原西疇縣小橋溝保(bao)護區和文(wen)山(shan)(shan)老君山(shan)(shan)保(bao)護區合并,經國(guo)務院批準(zhun)晉升為國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區。行政區隸屬于西疇縣和文(wen)山(shan)(shan)縣。
文(wen)山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區,位于滇東南文(wen)山壯族苗族自治州(zhou)的文(wen)山縣和西疇縣境內,處于北回歸線(xian)附(fu)近。 地(di)理坐標:為東經103°53′~104°10′、104°41′~104°52′,北緯23°16′~23°25′、23°21′~23°24′。
保護區內主要為(wei)黃壤、黃棕壤分布,PH值6-6.5,厚(hou)度(du)60至120厘米,坡向3/4的為(wei)北向(陰(yin)坡),坡度(du)15-25度(du)之間。
文山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)老(lao)(lao)君山(shan)(shan)(shan)片區(qu)在六(liu)詔山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)南面(mian),屬中山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)原地貌,在古生代是一(yi)個活動地槽,經(jing)過三迭紀(ji)前后的(de)往復海侵(qin)、陷落、升降(jiang),再經(jing)過諾利克(ke)期(qi)和(he)拉丁尼克(ke)期(qi)的(de)造山(shan)(shan)(shan)運動,隆起(qi)形成現今(jin)的(de)陸地。從(cong)宏觀態勢看(kan),老(lao)(lao)君山(shan)(shan)(shan)片區(qu)呈現山(shan)(shan)(shan)體大,地勢高,切割深,從(cong)西(xi)北向東(dong)南傾斜的(de)特征。保護區(qu)高峰即滇東(dong)南高峰簿竹(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan),海拔2991.2m,低(di)點為腰店的(de)那么(me)果河(he),海拔1500m,相對高差約1500m。
西(xi)疇縣小(xiao)橋(qiao)溝片區地(di)勢(shi)沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)起伏變化不大(da),高點(dian)(dian)為(wei)水晶石(shi)梁(liang)子,海拔(ba)1883m,低點(dian)(dian)為(wei)陳(chen)家寨,海拔(ba)1200m,相對高差683m。從(cong)法斗后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的水晶石(shi)梁(liang)子到小(xiao)橋(qiao)溝的大(da)尖(jian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一帶,相對高差250—300m,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)稍為(wei)平緩,呈波浪狀(zhuang)起伏。又從(cong)西(xi)部(bu)的小(xiao)橋(qiao)溝經法斗,到東部(bu)的南昌,以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)線為(wei)界(jie),地(di)質構造(zao)分(fen)異(yi)十分(fen)明顯(xian):北面(mian)為(wei)巖溶(rong)地(di)貌,溶(rong)洞、漏(lou)斗、石(shi)芽(ya)、巖峰隨(sui)處可見;南面(mian)則屬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原地(di)貌,大(da)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)線明顯(xian),全部(bu)為(wei)土山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。
保護(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)中山山地(di)(di)、溶(rong)蝕(shi)丘陵地(di)(di)貌、斷陷溶(rong)蝕(shi)盆(pen)地(di)(di)、喀斯(si)特各類微(wei)地(di)(di)貌侵蝕(shi)和溶(rong)蝕(shi)河(he)谷。其中大(da)部(bu)分地(di)(di)區(qu)為中山山地(di)(di),溶(rong)蝕(shi)丘陵分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)保護(hu)區(qu)的東、南部(bu)及小橋溝(gou)等(deng)地(di)(di),峽谷地(di)(di)貌主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)薄竹山花崗巖山體的四周,溶(rong)蝕(shi)寬谷主要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)東部(bu)一帶(dai),小橋溝(gou)附近也有(you)分布(bu)。
氣(qi)候特征地(di)處云南(nan)省東(dong)南(nan)部低緯度(du)高原,東(dong)南(nan)近北部灣,西南(nan)離孟加拉灣不遠,屬(shu)南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候,隨海拔高低,兼有(you)中亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)、北亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)、南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)和溫帶(dai)氣(qi)候。
老君(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)片區地處北(bei)回(hui)歸線南側(ce),屬亞熱(re)帶季風氣候(hou)(hou)區,因(yin)受地理位(wei)置(zhi)、地形、海拔(ba)等影響,具有明顯的立體氣候(hou)(hou)特征。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)14.5℃。山(shan)(shan)(shan)體下部(bu)與上部(bu)氣溫(wen)差異大,降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量也有差別(bie),老君(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)片年(nian)平均降(jiang)水約1022.2mm,山(shan)(shan)(shan)下部(bu)年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量1000~1400mm,山(shan)(shan)(shan)上部(bu)年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量則大于1400mm。由于山(shan)(shan)(shan)上部(bu)雨(yu)(yu)水較(jiao)多,霧重,濕(shi)度大,所以森林茂密,林木軀干(gan)及枝(zhi)條(tiao)密被苔(tai)蘚。
小橋溝(gou)片區屬南亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候類型(xing),常年(nian)受太平(ping)洋東(dong)南季風(feng)控制,以暖濕氣流為(wei)主,年(nian)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量1200mm,降(jiang)雨(yu)80%集(ji)中在5~10月,3~5月為(wei)干季。全年(nian)霜期不長(chang)。12月至翌年(nian)2月,降(jiang)雨(yu)量不多,但(dan)常有迷(mi)漫的大(da)霧,數日不散,能見度僅5~10m,致使相對濕度保持(chi)在80%以上,為(wei)常綠闊葉林生長(chang)發育提供了(le)良(liang)好的生境。
云南文(wen)(wen)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)位(wei)于滇東(dong)(dong)南文(wen)(wen)山(shan)壯(zhuang)族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治州的文(wen)(wen)山(shan)縣和西疇(chou)縣境內,地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經103°53′~104°10′、104°41′~104°52′,北緯(wei)23°16′~23°25′、23°21′~23°24′,保護區(qu)總面(mian)(mian)積344406hm2,核心區(qu)總面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)10304.62hm2,緩沖(chong)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積7 793.48hm2,實驗區(qu)面(mian)(mian)積8 768.90hm2。
云南文山國家級自(zi)然保護區屬森林生(sheng)態(tai)系統類型的自(zi)然保護區。以(yi)保護華蓋木、長蕊木蘭等多種(zhong)木蘭科植物,及其生(sheng)態(tai)環境,季風常(chang)綠闊葉(xie)林和山地苔蘚常(chang)綠闊葉(xie)林生(sheng)態(tai)系統為目的。
保護區(qu)共有(you)野生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)187科946屬(shu)(shu)3085種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)類型(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為世界(jie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)、熱帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)、溫帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)、特(te)有(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)等(deng)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing),其(qi)中(zhong),熱帶(dai)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)占(zhan)(zhan)優勢,有(you)556屬(shu)(shu),占(zhan)(zhan)總屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)62.4%,其(qi)中(zhong)又以熱帶(dai)亞(ya)(ya)洲及其(qi)變形(xing)多(duo)特(te)有(you)屬(shu)(shu)僅29個(ge),顯示與(yu)中(zhong)國東亞(ya)(ya)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系關系疏遠。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系顯示了(le)具有(you)熱帶(dai)性、古老(lao)性、特(te)有(you)性、過渡性等(deng)特(te)點。蕨(jue)類植物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)地(di)理成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)可以劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為世界(jie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)、泛(fan)熱帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)、舊大陸熱帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)等(deng)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing),是一個(ge)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)性質的(de)區(qu)系,熱帶(dai)屬(shu)(shu)和溫帶(dai)屬(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別各占(zhan)(zhan)50%,且蕨(jue)類植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系類群豐富;保護區(qu)內共有(you)大型(xing)(xing)真菌(jun)(jun)139種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和7個(ge)未知(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),微型(xing)(xing)真菌(jun)(jun)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
文山國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)處于東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)北(bei)緣與(yu)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)滇中高原(yuan)南(nan)(nan)部和(he)滇東(dong)(dong)喀斯特山地的(de)銜接部位(wei),在動(dong)(dong)物地理區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃上是(shi)華南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、西南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)華中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)物成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)相互(hu)交匯的(de)地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),并與(yu)中南(nan)(nan)半島的(de)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)有(you)著(zhu)密切的(de)聯系(xi)(xi),各區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)在這一地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)均有(you)出現,從而形成(cheng)了一個種(zhong)(zhong)類較豐富、成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)較復雜的(de)動(dong)(dong)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)。動(dong)(dong)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)中,東(dong)(dong)洋界成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)占保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)物總數的(de)80%以(yi)上,其(qi)余為廣布種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)極少(shao)數古北(bei)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen),區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)的(de)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)以(yi)華南(nan)(nan)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)為主,多數是(shi)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞(ya)和(he)舊大(da)陸熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)一亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布型種(zhong)(zhong)類,屬舊大(da)陸熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)布型的(de)動(dong)(dong)物種(zhong)(zhong)類不多。但在兩棲爬行動(dong)(dong)物物種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)中,以(yi)西南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)為主,其(qi)次為華南(nan)(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen),有(you)少(shao)數物種(zhong)(zhong)屬熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)向北(bei)擴(kuo)散(san)型。
保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)已記錄(lu)野(ye)生脊椎(zhui)動物共有31目(mu)103科(ke)459種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong),獸類9目(mu)29科(ke)60屬(shu)86種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類13目(mu)37科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲爬行類5目(mu)22科(ke)56屬(shu)92種(zhong)(zhong),魚類4目(mu)15科(ke)44屬(shu)60種(zhong)(zhong)(亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong))。其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)鳥(niao)類物種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)多樣性尤為突出,與保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)鄰近的(de)(de)屏邊、河口縣(xian)的(de)(de)大圍山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)相比較,該(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)總(zong)面積僅(jin)為大圍山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積15365km2的(de)(de)23%,而所錄(lu)鳥(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)卻占大圍山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)所錄(lu)鳥(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)285種(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)78%。
文(wen)山國家級自(zi)然保護區已知昆(kun)蟲有11目75科222種。
文山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為切實(shi)做好老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo),文山(shan)(shan)縣積極(ji)采(cai)取措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)強化(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。一是(shi)建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)機構,成立(li)了文山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)分局(ju),對自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。二(er)是(shi)從1999年起,將(jiang)每(mei)年的(de)12月(yue)30日定(ding)為“老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)日”,加大對自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)宣傳力度。三是(shi)認真組織實(shi)施(shi)(shi)《文山(shan)(shan)縣老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)及(ji)周(zhou)邊村(cun)社綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)(li)(li)規劃》,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)周(zhou)邊的(de)陳家(jia)(jia)寨、多依樹、東瓜林(lin)、格格沖、菖蒲塘等12個村(cun)436戶(hu)(hu)農戶(hu)(hu)中每(mei)戶(hu)(hu)聘(pin)請一名護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)員(yuan)參(can)與(yu)巡山(shan)(shan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),每(mei)戶(hu)(hu)每(mei)月(yue)補助100元護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)費。參(can)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)員(yuan)以(yi)村(cun)編組,由老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)分局(ju)下(xia)屬的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)站、瞭(liao)望(wang)臺(tai)職(zhi)工帶隊(dui)巡山(shan)(shan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin),認真落實(shi)火源管(guan)(guan)(guan)控各項(xiang)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),減少火情發生(sheng)。四是(shi)每(mei)年的(de)森林(lin)防火期,聘(pin)請森林(lin)消防專業撲火隊(dui)進(jin)駐(zhu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)重點區(qu)(qu)域,加強火險(xian)防范。五是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)一期項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)下(xia)達項(xiang)目(mu)),加強森林(lin)防火通(tong)訊和基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she),新建(jian)(jian)了薄竹山(shan)(shan)、石丫(ya)口瞭(liao)望(wang)臺(tai)和菖蒲塘、腰店管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)站以(yi)及(ji)老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)分局(ju)機關(guan)辦(ban)公用房,改善了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)辦(ban)公和管(guan)(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)條(tiao)件,充實(shi)了防火物資、器械。六是(shi)深入(ru)調研,認真做好老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)及(ji)周(zhou)邊村(cun)社綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)(li)(li)第二(er)個十年規劃編制和老(lao)君(jun)山(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)立(li)法工作(zuo),通(tong)過(guo)綜(zong)合(he)治理(li)(li)(li)和立(li)法,以(yi)促進(jin)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和發展。
文山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)復雜(za)而穩定的(de)(de)地(di)史條件(jian),使此(ci)地(di)區(qu)成為許(xu)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)避(bi)難所或保(bao)存地(di),是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)滇、黔、桂古老(lao)而特有(you)中心(xin)(xin)為重(zhong)要的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen),蘊藏著大量(liang)的(de)(de)古老(lao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源,如華蓋木(mu)、啄核桃、伯樂樹(shu)等古老(lao)而孤(gu)立的(de)(de)類(lei)群,從而一(yi)(yi)直受到(dao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學家(jia)普(pu)遍重(zhong)視。在(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)268.67平方(fang)公里(li)的(de)(de)范圍內(nei),分(fen)布著蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)45科100屬(shu)262種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)187科946屬(shu)3085種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)布密度(du)達每平方(fang)公里(li)有(you)12.5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)超(chao)過(guo)英倫三島的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)倍。還(huan)分(fen)布有(you)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42目178科681種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)各有(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易公約(yue)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)168種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)是華夏植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群系(xi)的(de)(de)核心(xin)(xin)部分(fen),是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)化的(de)(de)主(zhu)戰場(chang)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),古老(lao)和(he)新生(sheng)類(lei)類(lei)群在(zai)此(ci)同時(shi)發展,而形成一(yi)(yi)個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)化的(de)(de)歷史博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館,在(zai)科學上(shang)有(you)重(zhong)要價值。
保護(hu)區是木蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)分布(bu)中心,木蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)要求(qiu)較高(gao)的(de)(de)森林生境(jing)和較高(gao)的(de)(de)濕度條件(jian)。全球僅有(you)保護(hu)區內殘遺分布(bu)著數珠華蓋木大樹,一(yi)直受到國際上(shang)的(de)(de)特別關注。保護(hu)區還是豐富的(de)(de)模(mo)式種(zhong)(zhong)類產地(di),在保護(hu)區3085種(zhong)(zhong)野生種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)中,共有(you)162種(zhong)(zhong)新植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)模(mo)式,是一(yi)個模(mo)式種(zhong)(zhong)類極為集中的(de)(de)地(di)區,對植(zhi)物(wu)研究具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)學術價值。