納板河(he)流域國家級自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)是我國一(yi)個(ge)按小流域生物(wu)圈保護理念規劃建設(she)的(de)多功能、綜合型(xing)自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)。1991年7月經(jing)云南省(sheng)人民政府批準建立為(wei)省(sheng)級自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu),2000年4月晉升為(wei)國家級自然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)。
保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于西雙(shuang)版(ban)納(na)(na)傣族自(zi)治州境內,以(yi)納(na)(na)板河(he)流域為(wei)主,地(di)(di)跨景洪(hong)市嘎灑鎮和勐(meng)海(hai)縣(xian)勐(meng)宋鄉、勐(meng)往鄉,距景洪(hong)市公(gong)(gong)路約(yue)25 km。總(zong)面積26600公(gong)(gong)頃,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)核(he)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)3900 公(gong)(gong)頃、緩沖區(qu)(qu)(qu)5808公(gong)(gong)頃、實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)16892公(gong)(gong)頃。保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)勢西北高,東(dong)南低,自(zi)然條件復(fu)雜,立(li)體(ti)氣候明顯,年降雨量1100——1600毫米,年平均氣溫18——22℃,熱量豐(feng)富,雨量充沛。土壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)主要(yao)有(you)(you)磚紅壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅壤(rang)(rang)、紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內為(wei)中(zhong)低山(shan)與(yu)河(he)谷相間的(de)(de)地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)(xing)(xing),具有(you)(you)西雙(shuang)版(ban)納(na)(na)所分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)8種(zhong)植(zhi)被類型(xing)(xing)(xing),天然林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)為(wei)67.74 %。納(na)(na)板河(he)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)自(zi)然生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)類型(xing)(xing)(xing),主要(yao)保護對象為(wei)以(yi)熱帶(dai)雨林(lin)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)及珍稀野生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性豐(feng)富,已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)維管束(shu)植(zhi)物278科(ke)(ke)(ke)、1053屬(shu)(shu)、2345種(zhong)(變(bian)種(zhong)、亞種(zhong)),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家重點保護植(zhi)物有(you)(you)20種(zhong);已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物有(you)(you)35目(mu),100科(ke)(ke)(ke),285屬(shu)(shu),437種(zhong),昆蟲327種(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家重點保護動(dong)物有(you)(you)68種(zhong);已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)大型(xing)(xing)(xing)真菌(jun)38科(ke)(ke)(ke),90屬(shu)(shu),156種(zhong)。
納(na)板河流域國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于云(yun)南省(sheng)西雙(shuang)版(ban)納(na)傣族自(zi)治州境內,以納(na)板河流域為主,地(di)跨景洪市嘎灑鎮(zhen)和勐海縣勐宋(song)鄉、勐往鄉,距景洪市公路(lu)約25km。據有關資(zi)料顯(xian)示,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積26600公頃(qing),其中核心區(qu)(qu)3900公頃(qing)、緩沖區(qu)(qu)5808公頃(qing)、實驗區(qu)(qu)16892公頃(qing)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)地(di)勢西北高,東南低(di),自(zi)然(ran)條件復雜,立體氣候明顯(xian),年降雨量(liang)1100毫米至(zhi)1600毫米,年平均氣溫18℃至(zhi)22℃,熱量(liang)豐富,雨量(liang)充沛。土壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)主要有磚紅壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅壤(rang)(rang)、紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內為中低(di)山(shan)與河谷相間的地(di)貌類型(xing),具有西雙(shuang)版(ban)納(na)所分布的8種植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing),天然(ran)林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)為67.74%。
納板(ban)河(he)流域國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區屬(shu)自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)類(lei)型中(zhong)的森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)類(lei)型,主要保(bao)護對(dui)象為以熱帶雨林為主體的森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及珍稀野生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)。據(ju)有關資(zi)料顯示,保(bao)護區內生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性豐(feng)富,已知(zhi)維管束植物(wu)(wu)278科(ke)(ke)、1053屬(shu)、2345種(zhong)(zhong)(變種(zhong)(zhong)、亞種(zhong)(zhong)),其(qi)中(zhong)國家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護植物(wu)(wu)有20種(zhong)(zhong);已知(zhi)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)有35目,100科(ke)(ke),285屬(shu),437種(zhong)(zhong),昆蟲327種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)國家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)有68種(zhong)(zhong);已知(zhi)大型真(zhen)菌38科(ke)(ke),90屬(shu),156種(zhong)(zhong)。
納板河流域國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區動植(zhi)物(wu)資源十分豐富,主要保(bao)護對象為熱帶森林生(sheng)態系統及其(qi)動植(zhi)物(wu)資源,優先保(bao)護對象有榆綠木(mu)、疣粒(li)野(ye)稻、林生(sheng)芒果(guo)、云南肉豆蔻、版(ban)納黑檀、山白(bai)蘭、絨毛蕃龍(long)眼、千(qian)果(guo)欖仁(ren)等8種植(zhi)物(wu),印度野(ye)牛、蜂猴、孔雀(que)雉、水鹿和原(yuan)雞等5種動物(wu)。
納(na)板(ban)河流(liu)域(yu)國(guo)(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以來,在云南(nan)省環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)局、西(xi)雙版納(na)傣族自治州州委、州政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導下,保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設取得了(le)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成績(ji),完成了(le)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)和界樁(碑)的(de)(de)(de)(de)埋設,加強(qiang)了(le)宣傳教育工作,強(qiang)化了(le)動植(zhi)物資(zi)源(yuan)和生態環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),開展了(le)土地利用規劃(hua),加大了(le)案(an)件查處的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)度。1996年(nian)(nian)至2006年(nian)(nian),納(na)板(ban)河流(liu)域(yu)國(guo)(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已連續10年(nian)(nian)無森(sen)林火災,天然(ran)森(sen)林覆蓋率由建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)45.3%提高到67.74%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)認真做好(hao)(hao)本(ben)底(di)資(zi)源(yuan)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi),積極開展科研工作,有1項成果榮(rong)獲國(guo)(guo)家環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)總局科技進步二等(deng)(deng)獎,有3項成果分別榮(rong)獲西(xi)雙版納(na)州科技進步一(yi)等(deng)(deng)獎、二等(deng)(deng)獎和三等(deng)(deng)獎,參與的(de)(de)(de)(de)“中(zhong)德合作西(xi)雙版納(na)熱帶林保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與恢復”研究(jiu),深受中(zhong)外專家的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)評。