2012年2月29日，云南省人民政府正(zheng)式批準成(cheng)立“云南烏蒙山(shan)省級自然(ran)保(bao)護區”。
2013年12月(yue)，國務院辦公廳批準成(cheng)立云南烏蒙山國家級(ji)自然保護區，主要由原來的(de)三個(ge)省級(ji)自然保護區（三江口、海子坪(ping)、朝(chao)天馬）和二(er)個(ge)市級(ji)自然保護區（大(da)關縣羅漢壩、永善縣小巖方）合并而(er)成(cheng)。
2014年12月，昭(zhao)通市(shi)(shi)機(ji)構編制委員會(hui)批準成立了(le)“云南烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)保護區管理局(ju)”，屬昭(zhao)通市(shi)(shi)林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)下屬正(zheng)科級財政(zheng)全額(e)撥(bo)款事(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位。
2015年12月，《云南(nan)省機構(gou)編制委員會關于昭(zhao)通市(shi)設置國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區管護(hu)局(ju)的(de)批(pi)復(fu)》批(pi)準成立了(le)“云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區管護(hu)局(ju)”，屬昭(zhao)通市(shi)林(lin)業局(ju)下屬正處級(ji)事業單(dan)位(wei)。?
2016年10月12日，《云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護區總(zong)體規劃(hua)》編制工作(zuo)正式(shi)啟動。?
云(yun)南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)(shan)國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區位于云(yun)南(nan)省東北部(bu)的(de)昭(zhao)通市(shi)境內，東部(bu)連接著(zhu)貴州(zhou)巖溶山(shan)(shan)原，北面與四川(chuan)盆地(di)相望，南(nan)邊向滇中(zhong)高原過(guo)渡，西(xi)處橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈的(de)邊緣，地(di)處四個自然(ran)區域特色逥然(ran)不同的(de)結合過(guo)渡地(di)帶。?
地層
滇(dian)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)是(shi)揚子地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺(tai)蓋層(ceng)發育(yu)完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)之一，由于(yu)受到各種地(di)(di)(di)(di)質運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)影響，全(quan)區(qu)有多個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)出露(lu)。云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)正(zheng)好位于(yu)滇(dian)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺(tai)沉積(ji)帶內，因(yin)此該保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)也出露(lu)有多個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)。根據考察的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，烏蒙山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內主(zhu)要(yao)出露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)有寒武(wu)系(xi)(xi)、奧陶系(xi)(xi)、泥盆系(xi)(xi)、二疊(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)、三疊(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)、侏羅系(xi)(xi)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)。其中(zhong)以二疊(die)(die)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)出露(lu)最為廣泛，其次為泥盆系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)。?
巖石
云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)因分布范(fan)圍較大，所(suo)以境內(nei)及其附(fu)近地區(qu)(qu)所(suo)出(chu)露的(de)(de)巖(yan)石種類(lei)較多。根(gen)據考察發(fa)現(xian)，保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)巖(yan)漿巖(yan)、變質巖(yan)和(he)沉積(ji)巖(yan)均有(you)出(chu)現(xian)，并且都有(you)一定的(de)(de)分布范(fan)圍。在三大類(lei)巖(yan)石中(zhong)，巖(yan)漿巖(yan)和(he)變質巖(yan)的(de)(de)分布范(fan)圍較小，沉積(ji)巖(yan)的(de)(de)分布面(mian)積(ji)較大，幾(ji)乎遍布保護區(qu)(qu)所(suo)有(you)片區(qu)(qu)。?
構造
云(yun)南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區(qu)屬(shu)于揚子準地臺(tai)，滇黔川(chuan)鄂(e)臺(tai)坳中的(de)(de)(de)(de)褶(zhe)皺斷裂(lie)地帶(dai)，經(jing)歷(li)了(le)三次大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地殼(ke)運動，即晉寧運動、加里東運動和(he)(he)喜馬拉雅運動，因而形(xing)成了(le)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)地形(xing)和(he)(he)地貌。全區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造以斷裂(lie)和(he)(he)褶(zhe)皺最為發育(yu)，如斷裂(lie)有鹽(yan)津——永善——巧(qiao)家斷裂(lie)、大(da)關——昭(zhao)通——巧(qiao)家斷裂(lie)和(he)(he)彝(yi)良——昭(zhao)通——巧(qiao)家斷裂(lie)等，褶(zhe)皺發育(yu)如木桿新(xin)街(jie)向斜、羅漢壩背(bei)斜和(he)(he)彝(yi)良復(fu)向斜等。受“小江斷裂(lie)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，整個昭(zhao)通地區(qu)褶(zhe)皺和(he)(he)斷裂(lie)均呈大(da)致(zhi)平行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北東方向，由此導致(zhi)地貌結構復(fu)雜類型多(duo)樣(yang)化。?
地貌特征
（1）地勢向北傾(qing)斜，并具有(you)雙層結構
云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)恰處(chu)于云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)高(gao)原的(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)，處(chu)于向(xiang)(xiang)四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)和貴(gui)州高(gao)原的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶，高(gao)原斜(xie)坡受金沙(sha)江及其支流的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)切，形成梁狀山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)與狹長河(he)谷相(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌格局，地(di)(di)(di)表十分(fen)崎(qi)嶇，地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)傾(qing)斜(xie)較為特(te)殊，從(cong)上層(ceng)山(shan)峰線(xian)由西南(nan)(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)傾(qing)斜(xie)，谷底線(xian)分(fen)兩個(ge)方向(xiang)(xiang)，一(yi)為向(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)或(huo)東(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)斜(xie)，一(yi)為向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)或(huo)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜(xie)，使該區(qu)出現(xian)上、下兩層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)斜(xie)方向(xiang)(xiang)不一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況，具有(you)雙層(ceng)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。在(zai)保護(hu)區(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)面屬于四處(chu)盆地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)，整(zheng)個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)由西南(nan)(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)金沙(sha)江河(he)谷傾(qing)斜(xie)，并向(xiang)(xiang)四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)過渡，而與云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)全省北(bei)高(gao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)(shi)相(xiang)反，以致(zhi)對植(zhi)被和物種的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布產生了顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，如一(yi)些云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏熱性物種能夠出現(xian)在(zai)本區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)。?
（2）高原邊(bian)緣型(xing)山原地(di)貌
云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區正好(hao)處在云南高原北緣，是一片(pian)高原向大型盆(pen)地(di)過渡(du)的斜坡地(di)帶，大部(bu)分地(di)面均被各級(ji)河流切開，形成長形山(shan)地(di)與(yu)峽(xia)谷相間的地(di)表(biao)形態。這(zhe)種地(di)貌結構(gou)，因在高原邊緣地(di)帶出(chu)現，故稱為原邊型山(shan)原地(di)貌。?
（3）深(shen)切割的中山(shan)山(shan)地
云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護區所在(zai)(zai)地屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)五蓮峰(feng)和烏蒙山(shan)(shan)的(de)部(bu)分山(shan)(shan)地，平均(jun)高(gao)(gao)度在(zai)(zai)2000－2500米之間，東(dong)片(pian)僅在(zai)(zai)1500米左右，屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)中山(shan)(shan)范(fan)疇。但從相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)度情況看，它切(qie)(qie)割(ge)較(jiao)深，不少山(shan)(shan)地相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)度在(zai)(zai)1000米以(yi)(yi)上，部(bu)分在(zai)(zai)500－1000米之間，屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)中等切(qie)(qie)割(ge)到深切(qie)(qie)割(ge)的(de)中山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)地組成的(de)巖石以(yi)(yi)碎屑巖為(wei)主，間有部(bu)分巖漿巖和碳(tan)酸巖，是一片(pian)組成巖石種類較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)中山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地。?
（4）河谷以峽(xia)谷為主，缺少大型(xing)盆地
眾(zhong)多支流流經保護區或其(qi)邊緣地帶(dai)，其(qi)原邊地帶(dai)又加上河流深切，使得(de)地面異常(chang)崎嶇，除(chu)(chu)了深至中(zhong)切割山地外，基本上被縱橫(heng)的峽谷(gu)所連接，除(chu)(chu)了在(zai)一些支流河流上源保留有(you)原高原面上的古河谷(gu)屬寬谷(gu)形(xing)平坦地貌形(xing)態外，很少有(you)壩子。?
云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區所處地(di)勢高(gao)(gao)聳，區內(nei)有(you)高(gao)(gao)大山(shan)脈分(fen)布，河流水(shui)系(xi)發達切割頗(po)深，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)復雜多樣(yang)，是云(yun)貴高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)的(de)(de)典型(xing)(xing)區域(yu)。保護區范圍跨度(du)較大，從大地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形態看(kan)，是屬高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)邊緣(yuan)的(de)(de)中山(shan)與峽谷(gu)(gu)區，但次(ci)一級地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形態的(de)(de)種類(lei)仍然(ran)較多，主要(yao)的(de)(de)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)有(you)山(shan)地(di)、河谷(gu)(gu)與盆(pen)地(di)和(he)卡斯特地(di)貌(mao)(mao)等三種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。其中山(shan)地(di)是保護區內(nei)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)主要(yao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，該類(lei)型(xing)(xing)中除深切割中山(shan)之外，還包括有(you)相對升降(jiang)所殘存的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)面殘片及原(yuan)面上和(he)部(bu)分(fen)寬谷(gu)(gu)邊緣(yuan)上散布的(de)(de)丘陵地(di)貌(mao)(mao)。這一帶山(shan)地(di)海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)均在1000米以上，屬于低山(shan)和(he)中山(shan)范疇。?
云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區位于云(yun)南(nan)東北部(bu)(bu)邊緣，地處云(yun)貴(gui)(gui)川(chuan)三省結合部(bu)(bu)，地勢北低南(nan)高，由四川(chuan)盆(pen)地逐漸向(xiang)云(yun)貴(gui)(gui)高原抬升，保護區內山(shan)巒交錯(cuo)，河谷縱橫，是四川(chuan)盆(pen)地進入(ru)云(yun)南(nan)冷空氣(qi)(qi)的主(zhu)要通道，易受冷空氣(qi)(qi)影響，常(chang)在(zai)昆明準靜止鋒控制下，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)與云(yun)南(nan)大部(bu)(bu)分地區不同，而與具有(you)中國(guo)東部(bu)(bu)型(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)的特點的貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)相似(si)，屬亞熱帶(dai)濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。
云(yun)南烏蒙(meng)山國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)區年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫13～17℃；年(nian)日照時數在1000小時以下(xia)，平(ping)均每天(tian)不到3小時；無(wu)霜期有9～11個月，永善(shan)無(wu)霜期320天(tian)，鹽(yan)津無(wu)霜期328天(tian)，大關無(wu)霜期310天(tian)，彝良(liang)無(wu)霜期295天(tian)；年(nian)降水(shui)量600～1300毫(hao)米(mi)之間；西南部包括永善(shan)和彝良(liang)一部分地(di)區屬西部型季(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou)，東北(bei)部包括鹽(yan)津、大關全(quan)部，永善(shan)和彝良(liang)大部分地(di)區，具有東部型季(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou)區的特征。?
云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區大(da)部分地區都(dou)處(chu)于中、北亞熱帶，故而降雨(yu)量豐富(fu)，境內水系比較發達，各個片區內都(dou)有(you)多條河流(liu)和(he)溪流(liu)。?
云南(nan)(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保(bao)護區及其附近地(di)區屬于金沙江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，較大(da)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有(you)洛澤(ze)河(he)(he)(he)、白(bai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江、黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)關河(he)(he)(he)、木桿河(he)(he)(he)和小河(he)(he)(he)等(deng)。這些河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)分布于昭通地(di)區的(de)(de)中部(bu)和北部(bu)，其支(zhi)流(liu)多發源(yuan)于保(bao)護區內。受高(gao)原(yuan)邊緣的(de)(de)地(di)勢條件與(yu)區內中部(bu)局部(bu)隆起的(de)(de)影響，河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)流(liu)向較復雜，大(da)部(bu)分河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)由南(nan)(nan)向北流(liu)。其中，白(bai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)江向西(xi)、西(xi)北流(liu)動，而紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)向東流(liu)，黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)與(yu)高(gao)橋河(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)局部(bu)河(he)(he)(he)段又(you)向南(nan)(nan)流(liu)，保(bao)護區內河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)基本上也是多向流(liu)動。?
云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于(yu)云(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)東北(bei)部的昭(zhao)通市(shi)境內，東連貴(gui)州巖溶山(shan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)與四川盆(pen)地相望(wang)，南向滇中(zhong)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過渡，西處橫(heng)斷山(shan)脈邊(bian)緣。地跨(kua)大關、彝良、鹽津、永善和(he)威(wei)信等5個縣(xian)(xian)、16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，大關縣(xian)(xian)木桿鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（漂壩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、元亨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、天星鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（沿河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、中(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），永善縣(xian)(xian)細沙(sha)鄉(xiang)(xiang)（細沙(sha)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、三(san)堡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石坪(ping)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、團(tuan)結鄉(xiang)(xiang)（東勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、蘇(su)田村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、向陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大毛(mao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、檜溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（得勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），鹽津縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)（大浩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、柿子(zi)壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（新(xin)生(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、岔河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、廟壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（流(liu)場村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、紅碧村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、豆沙(sha)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（銀廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），彝良縣(xian)(xian)小(xiao)草(cao)(cao)壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（小(xiao)草(cao)(cao)壩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、兩河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（兩河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大竹村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白米村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、半河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、鐘鳴鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（麻窩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、牛(niu)街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（三(san)合(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、龍海(hai)(hai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（龍海(hai)(hai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、放牛(niu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、洛旺鄉(xiang)(xiang)（中(zhong)廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、樹草(cao)(cao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），威(wei)信縣(xian)(xian)長安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（安穩(wen)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），地理坐(zuo)標介于(yu)東經(jing)103°51′47" ～104°45′04"，北(bei)緯(wei)27°47′35"～28°17′42"之(zhi)間。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)三(san)江口片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、朝天馬片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)個片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)，三(san)江口片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的三(san)江口省(sheng)(sheng)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)小(xiao)巖方市(shi)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)；朝天馬片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來的朝天馬省(sheng)(sheng)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)羅漢壩市(shi)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)；而海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪(ping)省(sheng)(sheng)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積26186.65公頃。?
云(yun)南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區是保(bao)存(cun)面(mian)積較大而完整(zheng)，類型(xing)結(jie)構典型(xing)，并具(ju)有云(yun)貴(gui)高原代表性(xing)的(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)山(shan)地濕性(xing)常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統，同時(shi)以維(wei)護烏(wu)蒙山(shan)區與(yu)金沙江(jiang)—長江(jiang)流域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全為(wei)主要保(bao)護管理目標，其主要保(bao)護對(dui)象為(wei)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)濕性(xing)常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統、珍稀瀕(bin)危動植物(wu)物(wu)種資源及(ji)其棲息(xi)地。?
哺乳類
截至(zhi)2016年，云南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區有(you)(you)哺(bu)乳動物(wu)(wu)9目(mu)、28科、70屬、92種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區分布(bu)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)CITES附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ、附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的哺(bu)乳類23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)、云豹(bao)和(he)林麝3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)黑熊(xiong)、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、水(shui)獺、金(jin)(jin)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、中(zhong)(zhong)華鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、川西斑(ban)(ban)羚(ling)(ling)、穿山(shan)(shan)甲、水(shui)鹿、獼猴、藏(zang)酋猴、豺、青鼬、小爪水(shui)獺、大靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、小靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、叢林貓(mao)(mao)(mao)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，毛冠鹿是云南省Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生哺(bu)乳動物(wu)(wu)；CITES的附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更多，除3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)為(wei)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)黑熊(xiong)、林麝、穿山(shan)(shan)甲、水(shui)獺、金(jin)(jin)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)和(he)斑(ban)(ban)羚(ling)(ling)等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦被列(lie)為(wei)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，另(ling)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未列(lie)入(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)名單的豹(bao)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)和(he)北樹鼩也被列(lie)為(wei)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅱ物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)哺(bu)乳動物(wu)(wu)較多是保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區的另(ling)一(yi)大特色。?
鳥類
截至(zhi)2016年，云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)共(gong)有(you)356種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于18目、66科；并且在(zai)(zai)各生(sheng)境類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)都有(you)分(fen)(fen)布，以常綠闊(kuo)葉林記錄(lu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)為最多有(you)197種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)記錄(lu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)55.34%，針闊(kuo)混交(jiao)林187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)52.53 %、干熱河谷180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農田(tian)耕作地175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕地93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，松林生(sheng)境類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)相(xiang)對較少有(you)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)22.47%，反映了(le)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)生(sheng)境多樣性特征。居留情況以留鳥(niao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)絕對優(you)勢計195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)記錄(lu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)54.78%，夏候鳥(niao)50種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)19.04%， 冬(dong)候鳥(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)17. 98% ，旅鳥(niao)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)13. 20%。在(zai)(zai)該區(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)也十(shi)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)豐富，總(zong)體上以東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)型(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)優(you)勢，占(zhan)(zhan)所錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)31.18%，其中(zhong)又以熱帶(dai)(dai)～溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)、熱帶(dai)(dai)～北亞熱帶(dai)(dai)和熱帶(dai)(dai)～中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)繁殖鳥(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為多；其次是喜(xi)馬拉雅－橫斷(duan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)型(xing)(xing)，占(zhan)(zhan)16.29%，其中(zhong)又以橫斷(duan)山(shan)～喜(xi)馬拉雅和在(zai)(zai)橫斷(duan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)繁殖的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為多；古(gu)北型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)14. 04%，泛(fan)古(gu)北型(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，占(zhan)(zhan)10.11%，東(dong)(dong)北型(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan) 9.55%，全北型(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)7.30%，南中(zhong)國型(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)7.02%，季風型(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)1.12%。該區(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)與區(qu)(qu)系組成表(biao)現出該區(qu)(qu)處于東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)向古(gu)北界(jie)過渡(du)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)特征。該區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)較多，有(you)國家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（四川(chuan)山(shan)鷓鴣、白鷴(xian)峨眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、黑(hei)頸鶴、黑(hei)鸛(guan)），國家(jia)II級(ji)(ji)(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?
兩棲爬行類
截至2016年(nian)，云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙(meng)山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區已知具(ju)有(you)(you)93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)爬(pa)行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)2目(mu)9科(ke)(ke)19屬；爬(pa)行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)3目(mu)（亞目(mu)）11科(ke)(ke)29屬。該流域(yu)還具(ju)有(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍稀(xi)、瀕危和(he)重點保(bao)護(hu)兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)爬(pa)行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，其(qi)中包(bao)括2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，大鯢和(he)貴州疣螈；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)舟(zhou)山(shan)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)(she)、孟加拉眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)(she)和(he)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)王蛇(she)(she)(she)；5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)經濟價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)平胸龜、鱉、王錦蛇(she)(she)(she)、黑眉錦蛇(she)(she)(she)和(he)烏(wu)梢蛇(she)(she)(she)；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)入《瀕危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》（CITES）附錄II的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)平胸龜、眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)(she)和(he)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)王蛇(she)(she)(she)，它們屬于(yu)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱帶成分(fen)，該區是該類(lei)(lei)群(qun)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最北限，在生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地理上具(ju)有(you)(you)特別重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。?
魚類
云南烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的(de)魚類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)在金(jin)(jin)沙(sha)江魚類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)中具(ju)有(you)典型的(de)代(dai)表(biao)地位(wei)。截至(zhi)2016年，金(jin)(jin)沙(sha)江水(shui)系(xi)(xi)共(gong)記載(zai)土著(zhu)魚類(lei)(lei)86種(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)6目11科57屬(shu)(shu)(shu)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)小流(liu)域(yu)共(gong)有(you)魚類(lei)(lei)47種(zhong)(zhong)，分別隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于3目9科39屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，而保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)僅屬(shu)(shu)(shu)金(jin)(jin)沙(sha)江下游江段的(de)支流(liu)小部分地區(qu)(qu)，并不包括昭通水(shui)富、綏江等縣(xian)干流(liu)地區(qu)(qu)，但(dan)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數卻占金(jin)(jin)沙(sha)江整個流(liu)域(yu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)54.6%。可見，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)魚類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)雖由支流(liu)組(zu)成(cheng)，但(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)豐富，區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)復雜，是云南金(jin)(jin)沙(sha)江水(shui)系(xi)(xi)魚類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)中具(ju)有(you)代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的(de)地區(qu)(qu)。?
昆蟲
截至2016年，云南烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保護區共記載昆蟲綱9目(mu)71科302屬(shu)423種(zhong)(zhong)。其中記載直翅(chi)目(mu)3科8屬(shu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，半翅(chi)目(mu)6科26屬(shu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，同翅(chi)目(mu)5科7屬(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)，脈翅(chi)目(mu)1科1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，鞘(qiao)翅(chi)目(mu)17科68屬(shu)82種(zhong)(zhong)，鱗翅(chi)目(mu)32科181屬(shu)242種(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)翅(chi)目(mu)1科1屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，膜翅(chi)目(mu)6科30屬(shu)45種(zhong)(zhong)。?
云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)的自(zi)(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境條件和植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)地理特點獨(du)具(ju)一格，植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類型(xing)可以(yi)劃分(fen)為(wei)4個植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)、5個植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)亞型(xing)、18個群(qun)系和44個群(qun)叢，主要森林(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類型(xing)為(wei)濕性(xing)常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)，以(yi)峨(e)眉栲林(lin)、硬斗石櫟(li)林(lin)、華木(mu)荷林(lin)、四川新木(mu)姜(jiang)子林(lin)等4個群(qun)系為(wei)主。?
截至(zhi)2016年(nian)(nian)，云南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共記載(zai)野(ye)生(sheng)維(wei)管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)179科(ke)(ke)，756屬(shu)(shu)，2174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括28亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，153變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。其(qi)中，蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)33科(ke)(ke)，91屬(shu)(shu)，242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括2亞(ya)科(ke)(ke)，3變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)，5屬(shu)(shu)，6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括1變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)142科(ke)(ke)，660屬(shu)(shu)，1926種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括26亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，149變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)，665屬(shu)(shu)，1932種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括26亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，150變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。 保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)可劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)9個(ge)類型和(he)(he)11個(ge)變(bian)型，顯示(shi)出該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)科(ke)(ke)級(ji)水(shui)平上(shang)(shang)的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)分(fen)較為(wei)復雜(za)，聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)較為(wei)廣泛。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)653屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)可劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)15個(ge)類型和(he)(he)17個(ge)變(bian)型，基(ji)本(ben)(ben)涵(han)蓋了(le)中國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類型，顯示(shi)了(le)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)屬(shu)(shu)級(ji)水(shui)平上(shang)(shang)的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)分(fen)的(de)復雜(za)性，以(yi)及同世界其(qi)它地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)廣泛聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)水(shui)平上(shang)(shang)的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)分(fen)十分(fen)廣泛。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)布(bu)著1911種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，可劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)為(wei)14個(ge)類型和(he)(he)20個(ge)變(bian)型，顯示(shi)出該(gai)(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)在(zai)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)廣泛聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。中國(guo)特(te)有成(cheng)分(fen)、東亞(ya)成(cheng)分(fen)和(he)(he)熱帶(dai)亞(ya)洲成(cheng)分(fen)是構(gou)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)主體成(cheng)分(fen)，反映了(le)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)既(ji)有廣泛性又有自身的(de)明顯特(te)征。 在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內眾(zhong)多植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中，珍稀瀕危保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類極具特(te)色(se)，按1999年(nian)(nian)國(guo)務院頒(ban)布(bu)的(de)《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄（第一批）》統計，有國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)珙桐、南方紅豆杉、福(fu)建柏、連香(xiang)樹、香(xiang)果(guo)樹、十齒(chi)花、水(shui)青樹、金毛(mao)狗、中華桫(suo)(suo)(suo)欏(luo)、粗齒(chi)桫(suo)(suo)(suo)欏(luo)、小黑桫(suo)(suo)(suo)欏(luo)、桫(suo)(suo)(suo)欏(luo)、禿葉黃檗、金蕎麥和(he)(he)異穎草等15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)級(ji)別劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。云南省級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)IUCN紅色(se)名(ming)錄收(shou)錄保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)等級(ji)在(zai)易危（VU）以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)有19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)CITES收(shou)錄的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
三(san)江口片(pian)區(qu)是昭通市天然(ran)林保存(cun)最好(hao)的(de)一個地區(qu)，也是全省乃至全國范(fan)圍內(nei)珙桐(tong)、筇竹最集中連片(pian)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)地區(qu)。保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)現有(you)國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)珙桐(tong)、南(nan)方紅豆杉，國家II級(ji)保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)連香樹(shu)、福建柏、水青樹(shu)、十齒花、水青樹(shu)等，其他具有(you)重要經(jing)濟及(ji)觀(guan)賞價值的(de)動植物(wu)(wu)若干。
朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)內的(de)(de)森林類型按照優勢種(zhong)和(he)結(jie)構(gou)大體分為：珙(gong)桐—水青樹林、十齒花—五(wu)加林、樺—木(mu)荷(he)—栲(kao)類林、散生小(xiao)徑竹林。在(zai)已公布的(de)(de)國家第(di)一、二批(pi)1032種(zhong)珍稀瀕(bin)危保(bao)護植物中，朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)分布有29種(zhong)。在(zai)云南省(sheng)1989年公布的(de)(de)215種(zhong)省(sheng)級重點保(bao)護野生植物中，朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)分布有5種(zhong)。
海子坪片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)以保(bao)護毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)、羅漢(han)竹(zhu)(zhu)等常綠闊葉林(lin)為主要(yao)對(dui)象的(de)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統類型(xing)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)。該片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內有國家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護植物2種(zhong)，II級(ji)保(bao)護植物3種(zhong)（具憑證標(biao)本的(de)）。在海子坪片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)天然(ran)分布的(de)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)面積超(chao)過200公(gong)頃(qing)，是(shi)目前國內保(bao)護好(hao)、古老的(de)原始毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)，也是(shi)我國毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)分布區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)西部邊緣地帶，這對(dui)研究野生(sheng)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)的(de)遺傳多樣性及分布規律有重要(yao)價值。該片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)還是(shi)我國野生(sheng)天麻的(de)原產(chan)地之一，是(shi)小草壩野生(sheng)天麻原產(chan)地的(de)重要(yao)組成部分。?
2014年(nian)12月25日，昭(zhao)(zhao)通市(shi)機構編制(zhi)委(wei)員會批(pi)準成(cheng)立(li)云南烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)保護區管(guan)理局(ju)，為昭(zhao)(zhao)通市(shi)林業(ye)局(ju)下屬相當于(yu)正(zheng)科級財政全(quan)額預算事業(ye)單位，核定事業(ye)編制(zhi)15名、科級領導職數3名（1正(zheng)2副）。
2015年12月1日，云南省機構編(bian)制(zhi)委員(yuan)會批(pi)準設立云南烏蒙山國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自然保護區管護局(ju)(ju)，為昭通市林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)下屬(shu)正(zheng)處級(ji)(ji)事業(ye)單位，核(he)定事業(ye)編(bian)制(zhi)62名(ming)(ming)，其中：局(ju)(ju)長1名(ming)(ming)（正(zheng)處級(ji)(ji)），副局(ju)(ju)長3名(ming)(ming)（副處級(ji)(ji)）。?
2016年9月7日，云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)管(guan)護局開展集中整治(zhi)破壞森林(lin)資(zi)源違法行(xing)為(wei)專項(xiang)行(xing)動。?
2014年，為準(zhun)確評(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)天然(ran)氣(qi)輸送管道工(gong)程建設對烏(wu)蒙山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)造(zao)成的(de)(de)影響程度及其可(ke)控(kong)性(xing)，全面調(diao)查評(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)區(qu)域的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)現狀，并重(zhong)點闡述了建設項目(mu)對評(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)區(qu)景觀（生(sheng)態系統(tong)）、生(sheng)物(wu)群(qun)落（棲(qi)息地）、物(wu)種（種群(qun)）、主要保護對象和(he)生(sheng)物(wu)安全的(de)(de)影響評(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)。?
扎西會(hui)議(yi)紀(ji)念館(guan)位(wei)(wei)于云(yun)南威信(xin)縣仔(zi)細鎮北(bei)，由(you)扎西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址(zhi)、陳列(lie)館(guan)、紅(hong)軍(jun)烈(lie)士(shi)紀(ji)念碑(bei)三個部分組成，占地3824平方米。是云(yun)南省(sheng)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。1985年，中共中央(yang)書記(ji)胡耀邦視察昭通時(shi)題寫“扎西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址(zhi)”。
黃(huang)連河瀑布群，位(wei)于大關縣城(cheng)東南側5公里(li)，緊鄰(lin)213國(guo)道(dao)，面積42平(ping)方公里(li)，有(you)(you)“中(zhong)國(guo)瀑布之鄉”之稱(cheng)。5平(ping)方公里(li)的(de)(de)主游(you)覽區內就有(you)(you)大小瀑布40余個，山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)水之源，水有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)之靈，山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)水，水在山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)，大關黃(huang)連河瀑布群有(you)(you)著險(xian)峻挺拔(ba)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)，清秀靈逸的(de)(de)水，山(shan)(shan)水交融(rong)相得(de)益(yi)彰(zhang)描繪了一幅美侖美奐的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)水畫。此外還有(you)(you)地(di)下(xia)溶(rong)洞、奇峰峭壁、密(mi)林(lin)山(shan)(shan)花、古剎名勝、苗族風(feng)情等景(jing)觀(guan)，集山(shan)(shan)、水、林(lin)、洞融(rong)為一體(ti)，以(yi)峻、秀、奇、幽蔚為大觀(guan)，是開展旅游(you)觀(guan)光、休閑娛(yu)樂、度假療養的(de)(de)旅游(you)勝地(di)。?
海子坪是(shi)1984年省人民政府批(pi)準建立的(de)以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)天然(ran)毛竹林(lin)、水竹林(lin)、羅(luo)(luo)漢(han)竹林(lin)、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)等(deng)野(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)、天麻生境等(deng)為主的(de)省級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，位于(yu)彝良縣(xian)東北部洛(luo)旺鄉中(zhong)廠村，地處滇、川邊界，與(yu)四川筠連、昭通市鎮雄縣(xian)、威(wei)信(xin)縣(xian)接(jie)壤，距彝良縣(xian)城160公里，海拔1239—1709米(mi)之間(jian)，活(huo)立木總蓄積(ji)量11.50萬(wan)(wan)立方米(mi) [13] ?，面積(ji)達(da)4.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu) [14] ?。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內有國家(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)樹珙桐，古老工(gong)藝竹種(zhong)羅(luo)(luo)漢(han)竹和(he)世界馳名的(de)觀賞竹種(zhong)方竹等(deng)。其中(zhong)：毛竹0.7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，21.44萬(wan)(wan)株，最高達(da)15米(mi)，胸徑14～18厘米(mi)；水竹1.05萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。有國家(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)娃(wa)娃(wa)雞(ji)(ji)、紅腹(fu)錦雞(ji)(ji)、白腹(fu)錦雞(ji)(ji)、白鷴錦雞(ji)(ji)、大鯢(ni)魚（娃(wa)娃(wa)魚）；國家(jia)二級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)小熊(xiong)貓(mao)；國家(jia)三(san)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)黑熊(xiong)、野(ye)牛等(deng)。
云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)由于(yu)獨特的(de)(de)自(zi)然地理和氣候條件，使得區(qu)內(nei)生物多樣(yang)性極為豐富，區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)亞熱(re)帶山(shan)(shan)地濕性常(chang)綠闊葉林極具(ju)典型性和代表(biao)性，也(ye)是同緯度的(de)(de)華(hua)中華(hua)東地區(qu)天然植被(bei)的(de)(de)代表(biao)，是真正的(de)(de)高山(shan)(shan)水塔，保護好這一地區(qu)典型的(de)(de)天然森林生態(tai)系統和天然的(de)(de)物種基因庫(ku)意義十分重大(da)。?
云南(nan)(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區的建立，為滇(dian)(dian)東北、川西南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)(di)特有種、中國重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類、國際珍稀瀕危物種 —— 四(si)川山(shan)鷓鴣(gu)、白(bai)鷴峨眉亞(ya)種、黑(hei)頸鶴、黑(hei)鸛等種類及其(qi)對(dui)西南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)(di)亞(ya)區、川西南(nan)(nan)滇(dian)(dian)東北山(shan)地(di)(di)小區的區系成分，提供了良(liang)好的棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)，并對(dui)長(chang)江(jiang)上游水源林保(bao)護(hu)具有特殊意(yi)義。
青青子衿 
