臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)首(shou)廟天(tian)壇(tan)在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)省臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南市。因臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)民眾稱玉(yu)皇大(da)帝(di)為(wei)天(tian)公,故原稱“天(tian)公埕”、 “天(tian)公壇(tan)”或“天(tian)公廟”,1983年(nian)改為(wei)今名(ming)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南市舊(jiu)名(ming)“赤(chi)嵌(qian)”。從清康熙二(er)十三年(nian) (1684) 至(zhi)光緒(xu)十三年(nian)(1887)的二(er)百余年(nian)中,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南一(yi)直是(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的首(shou)府,在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)北市定為(wei)省城(cheng) 以前,是(shi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的政治、經(jing)濟、文化中心。南明桂王(wang)永歷十五年(nian)(1661)鄭成功收復臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan) 奉(feng)明正朔,即在天(tian)壇(tan)原址祭告天(tian)地。此后(hou)每年(nian)農歷正月初九即于(yu)天(tian)公埕西(xi)設廠舉行(xing)玉(yu)皇 上帝(di)圣(sheng)誕(dan)慶典。
清(qing)咸豐(feng)四年(1854),由地方鄉紳(shen)發(fa)起、官民集資在天(tian)(tian)公埕和(he)(he)埕東吳(wu)姓宅基上興工 建(jian)廟,定名(ming)“天(tian)(tian)公壇(tan)”。翌年,又增建(jian)后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。光緒二十五年重修,更名(ming)為天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)。1945年 臺灣光復后,天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)又著手(shou)重修,1951年落成。1979年增建(jian)武圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。 天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)供(gong)奉(feng)主(zhu)神為玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝,同祀斗(dou)母(mu)、三官、南(nan)斗(dou)、北(bei)斗(dou)、張(zhang)天(tian)(tian)師、圣母(mu)、觀(guan)音(yin)、 三清(qing)、關圣、文昌、岳武和(he)(he)延平郡王(wang)等。全廟建(jian)筑為三進宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)。廟門(men)(men)前有(you)小(xiao)廣場,廣 場上有(you)照墻(qiang),上雕(diao)雙龍(long)搶珠圖(tu)。廟的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)山門(men)(men)有(you)石(shi)獅雄踞左右,兩(liang)側偏門(men)(men)則有(you)石(shi)鼓各一對。 前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)天(tian)(tian)井間,各有(you)石(shi)雕(diao)龍(long)柱(zhu)兩(liang)對。前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)龍(long)柱(zhu)為咸豐(feng)五年(1855)所造,正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)龍(long)柱(zhu) 為同治年間所鏤。石(shi)材來(lai)自大(da)(da)陸,雕(diao)刻(ke)細密,造型古樸,堪(kan)稱精品。
正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中央(yang)置神龕一座,奉(feng)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝(di)圣位,無神像。神龕周圍(wei)雕有(you)龍型(xing)圖案,雕金(jin)飾 玉(yu),金(jin)帳(zhang)黃幔(man)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)木雕精巧(qiao),色彩雅麗。外殿(dian)(dian)(dian)楹柱(zhu)上還(huan)懸有(you)“一”字匾(bian),為臺南古都 三大(da)(da)名匾(bian)之一。天(tian)(tian)(tian)壇(tan)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),中央(yang)主奉(feng)三清、斗(dou)母和三宮,并配祀南斗(dou)和北斗(dou)。左側(ce)(ce)祀奉(feng) 張天(tian)(tian)(tian)師、普化天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)、東斗(dou)星君等(deng);右側(ce)(ce)祀奉(feng)西(xi)斗(dou)、太乙、天(tian)(tian)(tian)醫、灶君等(deng)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)壇(tan)道士舉行 日(ri)常宗教儀式(shi)也(ye)在(zai)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)壇(tan)三進的(de)(de)(de)左廂(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)另(ling)有(you)武(wu)(wu)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian),重檐歇(xie)山式(shi),琉璃瓦(wa)頂(ding)。武(wu)(wu)圣 殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀關(guan)帝(di),后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀文昌、觀音、孚佑、圣母、月(yue)老、魁斗(dou)等(deng)神。天(tian)(tian)(tian)壇(tan)中存有(you) 乾隆(long)四(si)十(shi)一年(1776)臺灣知府蔡元樞所獻之四(si)腳香爐(lu),多(duo)面清代(dai)古匾(bian)以及(ji)三古碑(bei)。 每(mei)年農歷(li)正月(yue)初九(jiu)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)為天(tian)(tian)(tian)壇(tan)主要慶典。六月(yue)二十(shi)四(si)關(guan)帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)以及(ji)九(jiu)月(yue)初 九(jiu)九(jiu)皇壽誕(dan),亦有(you)盛大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)祭祀活動(dong)。
清咸豐八年,天壇創(chuang)立“如(ru)蘭(lan)堂會(hui)(hui)”作為其管理(li)機構。1974年由信徒代表大會(hui)(hui)選舉 產生臺灣首(shou)廟(miao)天壇管理(li)委員會(hui)(hui)。據(ju)1990年的資料,第(di)四屆管理(li)委員會(hui)(hui)由鄭添池任(ren)主任(ren)委 員。