臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)首(shou)廟天(tian)壇在臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)省臺(tai)南(nan)市。因臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)民眾稱玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)大帝為(wei)天(tian)公,故原(yuan)稱“天(tian)公埕”、 “天(tian)公壇”或“天(tian)公廟”,1983年(nian)改為(wei)今名。臺(tai)南(nan)市舊名“赤嵌”。從清(qing)康熙(xi)二(er)十三(san)年(nian) (1684) 至光(guang)緒十三(san)年(nian)(1887)的(de)二(er)百(bai)余(yu)年(nian)中,臺(tai)南(nan)一直是(shi)臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)首(shou)府,在臺(tai)北(bei)市定(ding)為(wei)省城 以前(qian),是(shi)臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)化中心。南(nan)明(ming)桂王永歷十五年(nian)(1661)鄭(zheng)成(cheng)功收復(fu)臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan) 奉(feng)明(ming)正朔,即在天(tian)壇原(yuan)址祭告天(tian)地。此(ci)后每年(nian)農(nong)歷正月初(chu)九即于天(tian)公埕西設(she)廠舉行玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang) 上帝圣(sheng)誕慶典(dian)。
清咸豐(feng)四年(nian)(nian)(1854),由地(di)方鄉紳發起、官民集資在天(tian)(tian)公(gong)埕(cheng)和(he)埕(cheng)東吳姓宅基上興工(gong) 建(jian)廟,定名“天(tian)(tian)公(gong)壇(tan)”。翌年(nian)(nian),又增建(jian)后(hou)殿。光緒二十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)重修,更名為(wei)天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)。1945年(nian)(nian) 臺灣光復(fu)后(hou),天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)又著手重修,1951年(nian)(nian)落成。1979年(nian)(nian)增建(jian)武(wu)(wu)圣(sheng)殿。 天(tian)(tian)壇(tan)供奉主神為(wei)玉皇大帝,同(tong)祀斗母、三官、南(nan)斗、北斗、張天(tian)(tian)師、圣(sheng)母、觀音、 三清、關圣(sheng)、文昌、岳武(wu)(wu)和(he)延平(ping)郡王等(deng)。全廟建(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)三進(jin)宮殿式。廟門(men)前有(you)小(xiao)廣場(chang),廣 場(chang)上有(you)照(zhao)墻,上雕雙(shuang)龍搶(qiang)珠圖。廟的正山(shan)門(men)有(you)石(shi)獅雄踞左右,兩(liang)側偏門(men)則有(you)石(shi)鼓(gu)各(ge)一對。 前殿與正殿天(tian)(tian)井間(jian),各(ge)有(you)石(shi)雕龍柱(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)對。前殿龍柱(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)咸豐(feng)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1855)所造(zao),正殿龍柱(zhu)(zhu) 為(wei)同(tong)治年(nian)(nian)間(jian)所鏤。石(shi)材來自大陸,雕刻(ke)細密,造(zao)型古樸,堪(kan)稱(cheng)精品。
正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中央置(zhi)神龕一(yi)(yi)座,奉(feng)玉(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)圣位,無神像(xiang)。神龕周圍雕(diao)有(you)龍型圖案(an),雕(diao)金飾 玉(yu),金帳黃幔。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂木雕(diao)精巧,色(se)彩雅麗。外殿(dian)(dian)(dian)楹柱上(shang)還(huan)懸有(you)“一(yi)(yi)”字匾(bian),為(wei)臺南古(gu)(gu)(gu)都 三大(da)名匾(bian)之一(yi)(yi)。天(tian)(tian)壇后殿(dian)(dian)(dian),中央主奉(feng)三清、斗(dou)(dou)母和(he)三宮(gong),并(bing)配祀南斗(dou)(dou)和(he)北斗(dou)(dou)。左側祀奉(feng) 張天(tian)(tian)師(shi)、普化天(tian)(tian)尊(zun)、東斗(dou)(dou)星君等(deng);右側祀奉(feng)西(xi)斗(dou)(dou)、太(tai)乙、天(tian)(tian)醫、灶君等(deng)。天(tian)(tian)壇道士(shi)舉行(xing) 日常宗教儀式也(ye)在后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。天(tian)(tian)壇三進的(de)左廂的(de)另有(you)武(wu)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian),重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山式,琉璃瓦頂。武(wu)圣 殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀關帝(di),后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀文昌、觀音、孚佑(you)、圣母、月老、魁斗(dou)(dou)等(deng)神。天(tian)(tian)壇中存有(you) 乾隆四十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(1776)臺灣知(zhi)府蔡元樞所獻之四腳(jiao)香(xiang)爐,多面清代古(gu)(gu)(gu)匾(bian)以(yi)及(ji)三古(gu)(gu)(gu)碑。 每年(nian)農歷正月初九玉(yu)皇(huang)大(da)帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)壇主要慶典。六月二(er)十(shi)四關帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)以(yi)及(ji)九月初 九九皇(huang)壽(shou)誕(dan),亦有(you)盛(sheng)大(da)的(de)祭祀活動。
清咸豐八年(nian),天壇創立“如蘭(lan)堂會(hui)”作為其(qi)管(guan)理機構。1974年(nian)由信徒代表大會(hui)選舉 產生臺(tai)灣首廟天壇管(guan)理委員會(hui)。據1990年(nian)的資料,第四屆管(guan)理委員會(hui)由鄭(zheng)添(tian)池任主(zhu)任委 員。