臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)首廟(miao)天(tian)壇在臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)省臺(tai)南市。因臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)民(min)眾(zhong)稱玉皇大帝為天(tian)公(gong),故原稱“天(tian)公(gong)埕”、 “天(tian)公(gong)壇”或“天(tian)公(gong)廟(miao)”,1983年(nian)改為今名。臺(tai)南市舊名“赤(chi)嵌(qian)”。從清(qing)康熙二(er)(er)十三年(nian) (1684) 至光緒(xu)十三年(nian)(1887)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)百余年(nian)中,臺(tai)南一直是臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)首府,在臺(tai)北市定為省城 以前,是臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)政治(zhi)、經濟、文化中心。南明桂王永歷(li)十五年(nian)(1661)鄭成功收復臺(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan) 奉明正(zheng)(zheng)朔,即在天(tian)壇原址祭告天(tian)地。此后(hou)每(mei)年(nian)農歷(li)正(zheng)(zheng)月初九即于天(tian)公(gong)埕西設廠(chang)舉行玉皇 上帝圣誕慶(qing)典。
清咸豐四年(nian)(nian)(1854),由(you)地方(fang)鄉紳發起、官(guan)(guan)民集(ji)資在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)公(gong)埕(cheng)和埕(cheng)東吳姓(xing)宅基上(shang)(shang)興工 建(jian)廟(miao)(miao),定名“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)公(gong)壇”。翌年(nian)(nian),又(you)(you)增建(jian)后(hou)殿(dian)。光緒二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)修,更名為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇。1945年(nian)(nian) 臺灣光復后(hou),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇又(you)(you)著手重(zhong)(zhong)修,1951年(nian)(nian)落(luo)成。1979年(nian)(nian)增建(jian)武(wu)圣(sheng)殿(dian)。 天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇供奉主神為(wei)(wei)玉皇大帝,同(tong)祀(si)斗(dou)母、三官(guan)(guan)、南斗(dou)、北(bei)斗(dou)、張天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師(shi)、圣(sheng)母、觀音、 三清、關圣(sheng)、文(wen)昌、岳(yue)武(wu)和延(yan)平郡王等。全廟(miao)(miao)建(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)(wei)三進宮殿(dian)式(shi)。廟(miao)(miao)門前(qian)有小廣(guang)場(chang),廣(guang) 場(chang)上(shang)(shang)有照墻,上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)雙龍搶珠圖(tu)。廟(miao)(miao)的正(zheng)山門有石(shi)獅雄踞左右,兩側偏(pian)門則有石(shi)鼓各(ge)一對(dui)。 前(qian)殿(dian)與(yu)正(zheng)殿(dian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)井間,各(ge)有石(shi)雕(diao)龍柱兩對(dui)。前(qian)殿(dian)龍柱為(wei)(wei)咸豐五年(nian)(nian)(1855)所造,正(zheng)殿(dian)龍柱 為(wei)(wei)同(tong)治年(nian)(nian)間所鏤。石(shi)材(cai)來自大陸,雕(diao)刻細密,造型古樸,堪稱精(jing)品。
正殿(dian)(dian)中(zhong)央置神龕一(yi)座,奉(feng)玉(yu)(yu)皇大帝(di)(di)圣(sheng)(sheng)位,無(wu)神像(xiang)。神龕周圍雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)龍型圖(tu)案,雕(diao)(diao)金飾 玉(yu)(yu),金帳黃幔。殿(dian)(dian)頂木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)精巧,色彩雅麗。外殿(dian)(dian)楹柱(zhu)上還懸有(you)(you)“一(yi)”字匾,為臺南古都 三大名匾之一(yi)。天壇(tan)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian),中(zhong)央主奉(feng)三清、斗(dou)母和三宮,并配祀(si)南斗(dou)和北斗(dou)。左側(ce)祀(si)奉(feng) 張天師、普化天尊、東斗(dou)星君等;右側(ce)祀(si)奉(feng)西斗(dou)、太乙、天醫(yi)、灶君等。天壇(tan)道士舉行 日常(chang)宗(zong)教儀式也在(zai)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)。天壇(tan)三進的(de)(de)左廂(xiang)的(de)(de)另有(you)(you)武(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian),重檐(yan)歇山式,琉璃瓦頂。武(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng) 殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀(si)關帝(di)(di),后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)奉(feng)祀(si)文(wen)昌、觀音、孚(fu)佑、圣(sheng)(sheng)母、月(yue)老、魁斗(dou)等神。天壇(tan)中(zhong)存有(you)(you) 乾(qian)隆四十(shi)一(yi)年(1776)臺灣知(zhi)府蔡元樞(shu)所獻之四腳(jiao)香爐,多面(mian)清代古匾以(yi)及三古碑。 每年農歷正月(yue)初九玉(yu)(yu)皇大帝(di)(di)誕辰為天壇(tan)主要慶(qing)典。六月(yue)二十(shi)四關帝(di)(di)誕辰以(yi)及九月(yue)初 九九皇壽(shou)誕,亦有(you)(you)盛大的(de)(de)祭祀(si)活動。
清(qing)咸(xian)豐(feng)八年,天(tian)壇創立“如蘭(lan)堂會(hui)”作為其管理機構。1974年由信徒代表大會(hui)選舉 產生臺灣首廟天(tian)壇管理委員(yuan)會(hui)。據1990年的資料(liao),第(di)四屆(jie)管理委員(yuan)會(hui)由鄭添池(chi)任主任委 員(yuan)。