臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)首廟(miao)天壇在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)省(sheng)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)(nan)市。因臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)民眾(zhong)稱(cheng)玉皇大帝(di)為(wei)天公(gong),故(gu)原稱(cheng)“天公(gong)埕(cheng)”、 “天公(gong)壇”或“天公(gong)廟(miao)”,1983年(nian)(nian)改為(wei)今名(ming)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)(nan)市舊名(ming)“赤嵌”。從清康熙二十(shi)三年(nian)(nian) (1684) 至光緒十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1887)的(de)二百余年(nian)(nian)中,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)(nan)一直是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)首府,在臺(tai)(tai)(tai)北(bei)市定為(wei)省(sheng)城 以前,是臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)的(de)政治、經(jing)濟、文化中心。南(nan)(nan)明桂王(wang)永歷(li)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1661)鄭成功收復臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan) 奉(feng)明正(zheng)朔(shuo),即在天壇原址祭告天地。此后每(mei)年(nian)(nian)農歷(li)正(zheng)月(yue)初九(jiu)即于天公(gong)埕(cheng)西設廠(chang)舉行玉皇 上帝(di)圣(sheng)誕慶典。
清咸(xian)豐四(si)年(1854),由地方鄉紳發起、官(guan)民(min)集(ji)資在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)公埕和埕東吳姓宅基(ji)上興工 建廟,定名“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)公壇”。翌年,又增建后(hou)殿(dian)。光緒二十五(wu)(wu)年重修,更名為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇。1945年 臺(tai)灣光復后(hou),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇又著(zhu)手(shou)重修,1951年落成。1979年增建武(wu)圣(sheng)殿(dian)。 天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)壇供奉主神為玉(yu)皇(huang)大帝(di),同(tong)(tong)祀斗(dou)母、三(san)官(guan)、南斗(dou)、北斗(dou)、張天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師、圣(sheng)母、觀音、 三(san)清、關圣(sheng)、文(wen)昌(chang)、岳(yue)武(wu)和延平郡王等。全(quan)廟建筑為三(san)進宮殿(dian)式。廟門(men)(men)前有(you)小廣(guang)(guang)場,廣(guang)(guang) 場上有(you)照墻,上雕(diao)雙龍搶珠圖。廟的正(zheng)山(shan)門(men)(men)有(you)石(shi)(shi)獅雄踞左右,兩(liang)(liang)側偏門(men)(men)則有(you)石(shi)(shi)鼓各一對。 前殿(dian)與正(zheng)殿(dian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)井間(jian),各有(you)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)龍柱兩(liang)(liang)對。前殿(dian)龍柱為咸(xian)豐五(wu)(wu)年(1855)所造,正(zheng)殿(dian)龍柱 為同(tong)(tong)治年間(jian)所鏤。石(shi)(shi)材(cai)來自大陸,雕(diao)刻細(xi)密,造型古樸,堪稱精品(pin)。
正殿(dian)(dian)中央(yang)置神(shen)(shen)龕一(yi)座,奉(feng)(feng)玉皇大帝(di)圣(sheng)位,無神(shen)(shen)像。神(shen)(shen)龕周圍(wei)雕(diao)有(you)龍(long)型(xing)圖案,雕(diao)金飾 玉,金帳黃幔。殿(dian)(dian)頂(ding)木雕(diao)精巧(qiao),色彩(cai)雅麗。外殿(dian)(dian)楹柱上(shang)還懸有(you)“一(yi)”字匾(bian),為(wei)臺南(nan)古都 三大名匾(bian)之一(yi)。天(tian)壇(tan)后殿(dian)(dian),中央(yang)主奉(feng)(feng)三清、斗(dou)母和三宮,并配祀南(nan)斗(dou)和北斗(dou)。左(zuo)側(ce)祀奉(feng)(feng) 張天(tian)師(shi)、普化天(tian)尊、東(dong)斗(dou)星君等(deng);右側(ce)祀奉(feng)(feng)西斗(dou)、太乙、天(tian)醫、灶君等(deng)。天(tian)壇(tan)道士舉行 日常宗教儀式也在后殿(dian)(dian)。天(tian)壇(tan)三進的左(zuo)廂的另有(you)武(wu)圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian),重檐歇山式,琉璃(li)瓦頂(ding)。武(wu)圣(sheng) 殿(dian)(dian)的前殿(dian)(dian)奉(feng)(feng)祀關(guan)帝(di),后殿(dian)(dian)奉(feng)(feng)祀文昌、觀音、孚佑、圣(sheng)母、月(yue)老、魁(kui)斗(dou)等(deng)神(shen)(shen)。天(tian)壇(tan)中存(cun)有(you) 乾(qian)隆四(si)十(shi)一(yi)年(1776)臺灣(wan)知府(fu)蔡元(yuan)樞所獻之四(si)腳香(xiang)爐,多(duo)面清代古匾(bian)以及(ji)三古碑。 每年農歷正月(yue)初九(jiu)(jiu)玉皇大帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)為(wei)天(tian)壇(tan)主要(yao)慶典。六月(yue)二十(shi)四(si)關(guan)帝(di)誕(dan)辰(chen)以及(ji)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)初 九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)皇壽誕(dan),亦(yi)有(you)盛大的祭(ji)祀活動。
清咸豐八年(nian),天(tian)壇創立“如蘭堂會”作為(wei)其管理機構(gou)。1974年(nian)由(you)信徒(tu)代表大(da)會選舉 產生臺灣首廟天(tian)壇管理委員(yuan)會。據1990年(nian)的資料,第四屆(jie)管理委員(yuan)會由(you)鄭(zheng)添池(chi)任(ren)主任(ren)委 員(yuan)。