芒果视频下载安装

基本介紹

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)，也稱(cheng)“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，民(min)(min)間又叫“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)”或(huo)“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)”，在全(quan)國各(ge)地和各(ge)民(min)(min)族(zu)間廣泛分布(bu)，其(qi)形式品種的(de)多樣，是任何其(qi)他民(min)(min)間舞(wu)(wu)都(dou)無法(fa)比擬的(de)。早在商代(dai)的(de)甲骨文(wen)中，已(yi)出現(xian)以(yi)數(shu)人(ren)集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)(yu)的(de)文(wen)字(zi)；漢(han)代(dai)董仲舒《春秋繁露》的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)中已(yi)有(you)明確的(de)各(ge)種舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨(yu)(yu)的(de)記(ji)載(zai)；此(ci)后(hou)歷朝(chao)歷代(dai)的(de)詩(shi)文(wen)中記(ji)錄(lu)宮廷或(huo)民(min)(min)間舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)文(wen)字(zi)屢見(jian)不鮮(xian)。直至現(xian)在，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)仍(reng)是民(min)(min)間喜慶節令場合(he)普遍存在的(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈形式之一。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)最基本的(de)表現(xian)手段是其(qi)道具造型、構圖(tu)變化和動(dong)作(zuo)套路(lu)。根據(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形道具的(de)扎制材(cai)料的(de)不同，分為布(bu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紗龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、錢(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、棕(zong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、百葉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、雞毛(mao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)等等；北方(fang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)制作(zuo)一般高大粗重，風格古(gu)樸(pu)剛勁；南方(fang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)則(ze)精(jing)巧(qiao)細(xi)致(zhi)，活潑(po)敏捷。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)從色彩上可(ke)分為黃(huang)、白、青、紅、黑等，以(yi)黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最為尊(zun)貴。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)構圖(tu)和動(dong)作(zuo)一般具有(you)“圓曲(qu)”、“翻(fan)滾”、“絞纏”、“穿插”、“竄躍”等特(te)征。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)傳統表演程序一般為：“請龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“出龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”和“送龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。民(min)(min)間有(you)“七八歲(sui)玩(wan)草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，十五六耍(shua)小龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，青壯(zhuang)年舞(wu)(wu)大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”的(de)說法(fa)。舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)人(ren)數(shu)少(shao)則(ze)一人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)雙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，多則(ze)百人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)一大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。

龍(long)(long)是中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)圖騰和信奉的(de)祖先；龍(long)(long)舞是華夏(xia)精神的(de)象征(zheng)，它(ta)體現了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)族(zu)團結合力、奮(fen)發開拓的(de)精神面貌，包含了(le)(le)天人和諧、造(zao)福(fu)人類(lei)的(de)文化(hua)內涵(han)，是中(zhong)(zhong)國人在吉(ji)慶和祝福(fu)時節最常見的(de)娛樂方式(shi)，氣(qi)氛熱烈，催人振奮(fen)，是中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)族(zu)極為珍貴(gui)的(de)文化(hua)遺(yi)產。

舞蹈特色

龍形道具

中國漢族(zu)民間舞(wu)蹈(dao)，因舞(wu)蹈(dao)者(zhe)持(chi)傳(chuan)說中的(de)龍形道(dao)具(ju)而得(de)名(ming)。龍的(de)形象(xiang)(xiang)源于中國古代圖騰，被視為民族(zu)的(de)象(xiang)(xiang)征。傳(chuan)說中龍能行(xing)云(yun)布雨，消災降福。于2006年列入首批《國家級(ji)非(fei)物質文化遺產名(ming)錄》，編號Ⅲ-4。流傳(chuan)較為廣(guang)泛的(de)有(you)：

1.龍燈

又稱(cheng)火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)、金(jin)龍(long)(long)(long)。用(yong)竹篾和綢布扎成龍(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)（3～10節(jie)）和龍(long)(long)(long)尾，彩繪龍(long)(long)(long)鱗，每節(jie)龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)中都(dou)裝有燭燈(deng)。起(qi)舞(wu)時，一(yi)人手持(chi)彩燈(deng)（象征寶珠）在前領(ling)舞(wu)，其他多(duo)人持(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)和龍(long)(long)(long)尾下的(de)木(mu)柄隨舞(wu)，表演“二(er)龍(long)(long)(long)戲珠”、“金(jin)龍(long)(long)(long)蟠玉柱”等。龍(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)多(duo)在節(jie)慶(qing)之(zhi)夜舞(wu)弄(nong)，以鑼鼓、嗩吶伴奏(zou)，同時施放煙花(hua)爆竹，蔚為(wei)壯觀熱鬧。

2.草龍

南方(fang)農民(min)在(zai)夏歷五、六(liu)月間，用柳條、青藤、稻草等扎成(cheng)龍(long)(long)形(xing)。龍(long)(long)身上插(cha)滿香火，傍晚(wan)以后在(zai)田間場院舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)(nong)，看起來星火點(dian)點(dian)、香煙(yan)繚繞(rao)。過(guo)去多在(zai)鬧(nao)蟲災或干旱(han)時的(de)祭(ji)祀活動中舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)(nong)，有(you)驅蟲、祈(qi)雨之意。此外還有(you)些龍(long)(long)身不相連結(jie)的(de)龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)，如(ru)流行于(yu)浙(zhe)江一帶的(de)百(bai)葉龍(long)(long)，是(shi)由(you)幾十盞甚至上百(bai)盞荷花燈(deng)(deng)、荷葉燈(deng)(deng)、蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈(deng)(deng)穿插(cha)串連而(er)成(cheng)，大(da)荷花燈(deng)(deng)作龍(long)(long)頭(tou)，蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈(deng)(deng)當龍(long)(long)尾，來回穿梭游走。而(er)江蘇流行一種段龍(long)(long)，龍(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)身和(he)龍(long)(long)尾都(dou)由(you)紅(hong)綢扎成(cheng)，輕盈優(you)美(mei)，多由(you)婦(fu)女舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)(nong)，魚貫走出許(xu)多隊形(xing)，猶如(ru)一條彩虹在(zai)空中蜿(wan)蜒(yan)。龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)是(shi)中國傳統(tong)節日中流行最(zui)廣(guang)的(de)民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)蹈，世界上華(hua)人聚居區也以龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)來表(biao)現(xian)社區傳統(tong)文化。

根(gen)據(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)形道具的扎制材料的不同，分為(wei)(wei)(wei)布龍(long)(long)(long)、紗(sha)龍(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)、草龍(long)(long)(long)、錢龍(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)、棕龍(long)(long)(long)、板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)(long)(long)、百葉龍(long)(long)(long)、荷花龍(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)、雞毛(mao)龍(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)等(deng)等(deng)；北方龍(long)(long)(long)舞的制作一般(ban)高(gao)大粗重，風格古(gu)樸剛勁(jing)；南方龍(long)(long)(long)舞則精巧細致，活(huo)潑(po)敏捷。龍(long)(long)(long)舞從色(se)彩上可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃、白、青、紅(hong)、黑等(deng)，以黃龍(long)(long)(long)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)尊貴。龍(long)(long)(long)舞的構(gou)圖和動作一般(ban)具有“圓(yuan)曲”、“翻滾”、“絞纏(chan)”、“穿插”、“竄躍”等(deng)特征。

表演形式

龍(long)(long)舞(wu)的表演(yan)場地是城鎮廣場，社區(qu)，區(qu)域較大(da)的地方(fang)。龍(long)(long)舞(wu)的傳統表演(yan)程序一(yi)(yi)般為：“請龍(long)(long)”、“出龍(long)(long)”、“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)”和“送龍(long)(long)”。民間有“七(qi)八歲玩(wan)草龍(long)(long)，十五六耍小(xiao)龍(long)(long)，青壯(zhuang)年舞(wu)大(da)龍(long)(long)”的說法(fa)。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)人(ren)數少則一(yi)(yi)人(ren)舞(wu)雙龍(long)(long)，多(duo)則百人(ren)舞(wu)一(yi)(yi)大(da)龍(long)(long)。

服飾

龍(long)舞表演多(duo)以(yi)男(nan)性演員為(wei)主，演員的服(fu)飾是圓領(ling)白(bai)色緊身衣，上(shang)衣扣(kou)子為(wei)褐(he)色，形(xing)狀似云(yun)朵狀。扣(kou)子兩邊有龍(long)狀花紋，袖口處(chu)有如龍(long)身鱗片花樣，腰間扎有紅色或綠色綢帶。頭(tou)裹白(bai)色羊肚毛巾，下身穿淺黃色緊腿褲，腳蹬云(yun)頭(tou)布鞋，妝容多(duo)以(yi)薄粉(fen)敷面。

音樂

龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)在運動(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)離(li)不開鼓(gu)(gu)點樂(le)(le)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)搭配，音樂(le)(le)在舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)有著重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位，演奏(zou)風格具有民族傳統(tong)性。其(qi)(qi)旋律、節(jie)奏(zou)與(yu)火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)、造型畫面和諧一致，主要以打擊(ji)(ji)樂(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伴(ban)(ban)奏(zou)形式為主。在鼓(gu)(gu)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)襯托(tuo)下，使龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表現生機勃(bo)勃(bo)。伴(ban)(ban)奏(zou)樂(le)(le)器多以鑼(luo)、鼓(gu)(gu)、镲(cha)等打擊(ji)(ji)樂(le)(le)為主，樂(le)(le)隊鼓(gu)(gu)點無固定(ding)模式，以舞(wu)(wu)者舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)情緒調整節(jie)奏(zou)快慢變化，屬于即興(xing)演奏(zou)。鼓(gu)(gu)點音樂(le)(le)使火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表演顯(xian)得活(huo)靈活(huo)現，振奮人心。火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表演時，樂(le)(le)隊由四到(dao)六人組成(cheng)，每個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)能不同(tong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)主要敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)主要節(jie)奏(zou)，鑼(luo)主要敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)重音，镲(cha)是每拍子(zi)敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)一次，音樂(le)(le)在基本鼓(gu)(gu)點與(yu)曲(qu)譜下反復，直(zhi)到(dao)與(yu)動(dong)作(zuo)完成(cheng)為止(zhi)。

基本動作

龍(long)舞(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)龍(long)，由龍(long)頭、龍(long)身(shen)和龍(long)尾構(gou)成(cheng)，龍(long)身(shen)較長，是龍(long)的(de)(de)主體。在制作這(zhe)種表(biao)演的(de)(de)龍(long)時，用(yong)竹篾或者(zhe)鐵(tie)絲為架(jia)子，外面抹上紙或者(zhe)是布，龍(long)身(shen)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)與節(jie)(jie)之間，用(yong)布縫成(cheng)筒狀(zhuang)連接，然后彩繪其(qi)形。龍(long)身(shen)、龍(long)頭、龍(long)尾制成(cheng)后，在龍(long)身(shen)的(de)(de)每節(jie)(jie)中(zhong)部插置(zhi)蠟梗，下部安置(zhi)木柄，供表(biao)演的(de)(de)人(ren)用(yong)手(shou)抓握。

龍舞(wu)在(zai)開(kai)始表(biao)演時，由(you)許多人每人各(ge)舉(ju)一(yi)節木柄(bing)，左右揮舞(wu)，使(shi)(shi)龍體在(zai)空中悠悠蠕動(dong)(dong)。一(yi)般是一(yi)手(shou)(shou)在(zai)上，一(yi)手(shou)(shou)在(zai)下，兩(liang)手(shou)(shou)相距四十厘米。舞(wu)龍表(biao)演者在(zai)舞(wu)蹈過程中，可以隨時調動(dong)(dong)雙手(shou)(shou)之間(jian)的(de)距離。雙手(shou)(shou)執(zhi)桿運(yun)動(dong)(dong)路(lu)線以繞(rao)八字為(wei)主。除此以外，舞(wu)蹈過程中常有倒(dao)把動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，主要包括(kuo)上倒(dao)把和下倒(dao)把。指揮演員的(de)執(zhi)桿方(fang)法與舞(wu)龍。夜晚舞(wu)龍時，要點燃龍體內的(de)蠟燭，輔以彩(cai)燈(deng)、蓮花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)等各(ge)式花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)，同時施(shi)放(fang)煙火、爆竹，造成一(yi)定(ding)的(de)聲勢，吸引觀眾，使(shi)(shi)龍舞(wu)呈現出不同凡響的(de)風(feng)彩(cai)來。

火(huo)龍舞的基本步(bu)(bu)法主(zhu)要是(shi)跑碎步(bu)(bu)，隨著音樂的高潮以及舞龍的幅(fu)度控制步(bu)(bu)伐(fa)。由于龍舞是(shi)由多人(ren)組成的隊伍，因此要配合(he)默契(qi)，步(bu)(bu)伐(fa)統一。火(huo)龍舞運動量很大，不同的動作大部分都是(shi)在(zai)跑碎步(bu)(bu)中(zhong)完成的。

傳承價值與現狀

對中國古典舞的影響

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)典(dian)(dian)舞是在(zai)(zai)提煉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)戲曲舞蹈(dao)(dao)和武術(shu)的(de)(de)基礎上，吸收中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳統文化(hua)(hua)之精(jing)髓，并融合多種藝術(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式發展演(yan)(yan)變而成的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)舞蹈(dao)(dao)藝術(shu)的(de)(de)典(dian)(dian)菹(zu)，它是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族文化(hua)(hua)藝術(shu)的(de)(de)結晶。從它的(de)(de)基本動(dong)(dong)律、舞姿形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)及運動(dong)(dong)軌跡來(lai)看，其體勢，總呈現為一種回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)即“ 圓(yuan)” 一— “轉”的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，這種狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)典(dian)(dian)舞動(dong)(dong)律形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)與身法最顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)特點，故中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)典(dian)(dian)舞被稱為“劃圓(yuan)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)” 。在(zai)(zai)長期的(de)(de)表演(yan)(yan)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)典(dian)(dian)舞始終與“圓(yuan)” 有(you)著(zhu)密不可(ke)分的(de)(de)關系(xi)，即“ 萬變不離其圓(yuan)”，并在(zai)(zai)此基礎上形(xing)(xing)(xing)成了以"擰、傾、圓(yuan)、曲"為核心的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)律形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)。

而(er)在(zai)“ 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)” 表演中，以單(dan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)為例，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)開始時總是(shi)先繞(rao)場一(yi)(yi)兩周(zhou)一(yi)(yi)—圓場，勾畫出一(yi)(yi)個圓形(xing)無極(ji)圖，然后開始耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)隊伍的(de)(de)成(cheng)員將龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)尾依次先后從上而(er)下劃8字，形(xing)成(cheng)整個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)體的(de)(de)S 形(xing)游動(dong)，《百戲(xi)竹枝詞· 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈斗》詩題(ti)解說(shuo)：其龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈” 以竹蔑為之，外覆以紗，婉蜓(ting)之勢亦(yi)復可(ke)觀。“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)運動(dong)形(xing)態(tai)非常明顯地呈現為一(yi)(yi)種循(xun)環變化、婉蜓(ting)曲(qu)折的(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)，它的(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)可(ke)以用一(yi)(yi)個字來概括，就是(shi)“回(hui)” 。除此之外，在(zai)中國古(gu)典舞(wu)袖(xiu)舞(wu)中，身(shen)袖(xiu)不可(ke)分，水袖(xiu)借助身(shen)休(xiu)的(de)(de)"擰(ning)、傾、圓、曲(qu)”和住復回(hui)旋如龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)動(dong)勢，才(cai)能有“ 長袖(xiu)以隧回(hui)"，故中國古(gu)典舞(wu)袖(xiu)舞(wu)的(de)(de)“ 身(shen)袖(xiu)合一(yi)(yi)“ 體現著龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)" 回(hui)”之意(yi)象的(de)(de)形(xing)式美。

文化價值

“ 龍(long)舞” 作為“龍(long)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)” 藝術的代表(biao)．是(shi)在幾千年歷史發展過程中(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)所創造出來(lai)的代表(biao)中(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)、中(zhong)國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、華(hua)夏精神的象征。“龍(long)舞”是(shi)以一種崇高的美和神奇的美傳(chuan)達(da)行人(ren)(ren)們(men)內(nei)心的愿望和希冀，表(biao)現著人(ren)(ren)們(men)對(dui)龍(long)圖騰(teng)、對(dui)生(sheng)命、對(dui)宇宙的崇拜，龍(long)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)既(ji)體現了“天人(ren)(ren)和諧(xie)”的文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)內(nei)涵，也體現了華(hua)夏人(ren)(ren)民繼承與發揚的民族(zu)精神，是(shi)中(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)優(you)秀傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)一。

舞龍(long)是(shi)對龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種形(xing)(xing)象化和具體化，其(qi)表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)(xing)式受(shou)它所要表(biao)達對象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，因而，舞龍(long)表(biao)演形(xing)(xing)式是(shi)隨著龍(long)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展而發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如今呈現(xian)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“龍(long)”，是(shi)最(zui)完美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中國(guo)現(xian)代龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)象，與古代龍(long)有著巨大差異(yi)。“龍(long)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外部形(xing)(xing)態(tai)由(you)春秋前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匍匐(fu)爬狀、結構(gou)粗(cu)(cu)糙、蛇身獸頭到(dao)戰國(guo)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)健有力(li)、結構(gou)復雜，再(zai)到(dao)宋代以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蜿蜒多(duo)姿，通體華美(mei)；其(qi)氣勢上(shang)從(cong)春秋前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)(cu)野與狂放、暴力(li)與恐怖到(dao)戰國(guo)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不可一世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓬勃(bo)之勢，再(zai)發(fa)展到(dao)宋以(yi)后(hou)(hou)其(qi)保留不可一世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豪氣，退卻了原本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)(gang)猛(meng) 。通過勞動人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聰(cong)智才慧，“龍(long)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外形(xing)(xing)與神(shen)韻(yun)不斷(duan)發(fa)展與豐富，創(chuang)造出了一條活(huo)靈(ling)活(huo)現(xian)，氣勢蓬勃(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“龍(long)”。

主要流派的價值與現狀

銅梁(liang)龍舞(wu)有與民俗活動緊密相連、套(tao)路豐富、動律諧趣(qu)的特點，伴奏(zou)音樂獨特，道具構思巧妙，造型夸張，服飾(shi)儉(jian)樸(pu)大方(fang)(fang)，舞(wu)者參(can)舞(wu)自由，退舞(wu)方(fang)(fang)便，有群眾參(can)與性。

銅梁(liang)龍(long)舞體現了團(tuan)結(jie)合(he)力(li)、造福(fu)人(ren)類、奮發向上(shang)、與(yu)天和諧的(de)精(jing)神，同時具有娛(yu)神娛(yu)人(ren)、彰(zhang)顯威力(li)等社(she)會功能。銅梁(liang)龍(long)舞聞(wen)名于世的(de)僅大蠕(ru)龍(long)、火龍(long)等少數品種，多數龍(long)舞品種已處于瀕危(wei)境(jing)地，亟待保(bao)護和拯救(jiu)。

湛(zhan)江人龍舞逐漸失去了往日的(de)吸引力，處于衰落狀(zhuang)態，為保護民間文化遺產，有必(bi)要對它進行盡快(kuai)搶救和整理。

浦江(jiang)板(ban)凳龍保留了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)尤其是浙(zhe)(zhe)中(zhong)和(he)江(jiang)南沿海一帶“龍信(xin)仰”的(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)(jian)文化傳(chuan)(chuan)統，融匯了(le)書畫(hua)、剪紙等民間(jian)(jian)藝術的(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)(jian)形態(tai)，傳(chuan)(chuan)承了(le)群眾體育(yu)和(he)廣(guang)場舞蹈(dao)的(de)(de)(de)藝術形式，具有民俗、歷史研(yan)究(jiu)價值和(he)民間(jian)(jian)工(gong)藝傳(chuan)(chuan)承功(gong)能，在浦江(jiang)和(he)浙(zhe)(zhe)中(zhong)及江(jiang)南沿海一帶產(chan)生了(le)深遠而廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)影響。但時(shi)代(dai)變(bian)遷所造成的(de)(de)(de)沖擊也(ye)不可(ke)避免地降臨在浦江(jiang)板(ban)凳龍身上，使(shi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)承陷(xian)入(ru)窘境(jing)，亟待搶救與保護。

長興(xing)百葉(xie)龍作為(wei)中國漢民族一種獨特的民間(jian)舞蹈，具有(you)極高(gao)的藝術(shu)價(jia)值。時代的變遷給長興(xing)百葉(xie)龍的有(you)序傳承(cheng)帶來了影(ying)響，使(shi)這(zhe)一寶貴的民間(jian)藝術(shu)形式面(mian)臨生存危機。為(wei)保(bao)護、傳承(cheng)百葉(xie)龍藝術(shu)，長興(xing)地方(fang)政府未雨(yu)綢繆，采(cai)取了一系列(lie)有(you)效措施，一個(ge)保(bao)護地方(fang)文化資源、共創特色文化品牌的良好氛圍正在形成。

奉化(hua)布(bu)龍(long)(long)的(de)文化(hua)價值較突出，且民間流布(bu)的(de)生態環境面臨潛在的(de)危(wei)機，故地方政府(fu)已將它率(lv)先列(lie)入(ru)保護范疇(chou)。1990年(nian)，奉化(hua)布(bu)龍(long)(long)入(ru)選(xuan)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民族(zu)民間舞蹈集(ji)成（浙(zhe)江卷(juan)）》；1996年(nian)，奉化(hua)市(shi)被(bei)文化(hua)部命名為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民間藝術之鄉”；2005年(nian)，奉化(hua)布(bu)龍(long)(long)被(bei)浙(zhe)江省政府(fu)列(lie)入(ru)首批非(fei)物質文化(hua)遺產(chan)代表作(zuo)名錄。

瀘(lu)州雨(yu)(yu)壇彩龍(long)的龍(long)頭造型獨(du)特，主(zhu)要依據瀘(lu)縣全(quan)國重點文物保護(hu)單位龍(long)腦(nao)橋(qiao)的龍(long)頭設(she)計，額高，嘴短(duan)，雙目(mu)突出可動，下頜開合(he)自如(ru)，形象既威(wei)武有神，又憨愚可親。龍(long)身用竹篾(mie)扎制成(cheng)骨架，分組分節，可長(chang)可短(duan)。整個龍(long)身用竹篾(mie)扎成(cheng)圈，相互串(chuan)聯，套上龍(long)衣后靈活(huo)多變(bian)。龍(long)尾也(ye)區(qu)別于一般的火炬尾、蛇形尾，呈鰱魚狀，極(ji)富情趣。時下，雨(yu)(yu)壇彩龍(long)同樣面(mian)臨(lin)新時代(dai)的挑(tiao)戰，急需建(jian)立保護(hu)和傳承機制。

傳承保護措施

1.加強政府的主導作用

面(mian)對市場化經(jing)濟的(de)不(bu)斷發展, 在(zai)龍舞(wu)這(zhe)一民間(jian)(jian)傳統體(ti)育(yu)項(xiang)目的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)過程中, 當地(di)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)主導作用這(zhe)一角(jiao)色是不(bu)容(rong)質疑(yi)的(de)。政(zheng)府(fu)方面(mian)需要用銳利的(de)眼光深入挖(wa)掘(jue)龍舞(wu)這(zhe)一民間(jian)(jian)傳統體(ti)育(yu)項(xiang)目, 做好(hao)龍舞(wu)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作，在(zai)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)主導下，成立專(zhuan)業的(de)龍舞(wu)表演和比賽隊伍，將舞(wu)龍工作升級為(wei)(wei)職業化，以舞(wu)龍為(wei)(wei)生。應(ying)該(gai)注(zhu)意并處理好(hao)文(wen)化保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和經(jing)濟開發兩方面(mian)的(de)關系(xi), 避免龍經(jing)濟吞(tun)食龍文(wen)化的(de)悲劇發生。

2.提高民眾參與的積極性、融入社區活動

龍(long)舞(wu)是發(fa)(fa)源于(yu)民(min)間(jian)、成長于(yu)民(min)間(jian)的(de)傳(chuan)統體育項目, 保護和發(fa)(fa)展龍(long)舞(wu)也理應充分結合(he)民(min)間(jian)特(te)色，充分與(yu)大(da)眾生活相結合(he)；也理應注(zhu)重調(diao)動大(da)眾參與(yu)的(de)積極(ji)性, 以(yi)擴大(da)其民(min)間(jian)影響力。

3.推動火龍燈舞走入校園

教育作為民(min)族(zu)文化傳承(cheng)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)途徑, 在培(pei)養(yang)民(min)族(zu)文化認同感中(zhong)具有關(guan)鍵性的(de)作用，當代青少(shao)年是民(min)族(zu)優秀文化的(de)繼(ji)承(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)、傳播者(zhe)(zhe)和創造者(zhe)(zhe), 也是中(zhong)國特色社會主義的(de)建(jian)設者(zhe)(zhe)，中(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)偉大復(fu)興的(de)擔(dan)當者(zhe)(zhe)。將“龍舞”推廣進入當地(di)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)，通過組建(jian)校(xiao)(xiao)園表演隊(dui)的(de)方(fang)式，參(can)與(yu)校(xiao)(xiao)內(nei)外各種(zhong)文化節日活動，借鑒以(yi)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)為主體，以(yi)古鎮為中(zhong)心(xin)，輻射(she)四周地(di)域為方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)載(zai)體, 擴大龍文化影響力。

4.做好關于火龍燈舞文化的宣傳和對外交流工作

作為民(min)間特色的(de)(de)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產保護之(zhi)(zhi)一的(de)(de)龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，要以其自身的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)特色不(bu)斷加強與不(bu)同(tong)地域、不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)化(hua)類型、不(bu)同(tong)民(min)間活(huo)動之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)交流與合作,吸(xi)收借鑒不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)精髓，促進文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)交融與渲染同(tong)時也(ye)要擴大火龍(long)燈舞(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)社(she)會影響和文(wen)化(hua)吸(xi)引力。深入挖掘龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)民(min)間藝(yi)術(shu)文(wen)化(hua)特色, 并利用現代化(hua)的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)臺藝(yi)術(shu)包裝手段, 讓(rang)民(min)間藝(yi)術(shu)充分走上(shang)現代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)臺，走進民(min)眾的(de)(de)生活(huo)。

主要流派

銅梁龍舞

申報(bao)地區(qu)或單位：重慶市

銅梁龍(long)舞(wu)系流傳(chuan)于(yu)重慶市銅梁縣境內的(de)一種以龍(long)為(wei)主要道(dao)具(ju)的(de)舞(wu)蹈藝(yi)術形式。它(ta)興起于(yu)明(ming)，鼎盛于(yu)清，在(zai)當代(dai)重放(fang)異(yi)彩，飲譽全球(qiu)。

銅梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)包括(kuo)龍(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)(deng)舞(wu)和彩燈(deng)(deng)舞(wu)兩大(da)(da)系列。龍(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)(deng)舞(wu)主要包括(kuo)大(da)(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)、稻草龍(long)(long)(long)、筍殼龍(long)(long)(long)、黃(huang)荊龍(long)(long)(long)、板凳(deng)龍(long)(long)(long)、正龍(long)(long)(long)、小彩龍(long)(long)(long)、竹梆龍(long)(long)(long)、荷花龍(long)(long)(long)十(shi)個品(pin)種，其中(zhong)以大(da)(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)最有特色。彩燈(deng)(deng)舞(wu)主要包括(kuo)魚躍龍(long)(long)(long)門、泥(ni)鰍吃湯圓、三條、十(shi)八學士、亮(liang)獅、開山虎(hu)、蚌殼精、犀(xi)牛望月、豬啃南(nan)瓜、高(gao)臺龍(long)(long)(long)獅舞(wu)、雁塔題名、南(nan)瓜棚十(shi)二個品(pin)種。

湛江人龍舞

申報地區(qu)或單位：廣東省(sheng)湛(zhan)江(jiang)市

廣東(dong)省東(dong)海(hai)島(dao)東(dong)山鎮東(dong)山圩村的(de)人龍(long)(long)(long)舞素有“東(dong)方一絕”的(de)美稱。表演時(shi)，幾(ji)十至數百名(ming)青壯年和少年均穿(chuan)短褲，以(yi)人體相接，組(zu)成一條“長龍(long)(long)(long)”。在鑼(luo)鼓震天(tian)、號角齊鳴中(zhong)，“長龍(long)(long)(long)”龍(long)(long)(long)頭高昂，龍(long)(long)(long)身翻騰，龍(long)(long)(long)尾勁擺，一如蛟龍(long)(long)(long)出海(hai)，排(pai)山倒(dao)海(hai)，勢(shi)不可(ke)擋，顯(xian)現出獨特的(de)海(hai)島(dao)色彩和濃(nong)厚的(de)鄉土氣息(xi)，是(shi)東(dong)海(hai)島(dao)乃至雷州半島(dao)經久不衰(shuai)的(de)民(min)間(jian)風俗和大(da)型廣場娛(yu)樂活動的(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分。每(mei)逢春節(jie)、元(yuan)宵(xiao)、中(zhong)秋佳節(jie)和一些重大(da)喜(xi)慶節(jie)日，東(dong)山圩村必(bi)連舞幾(ji)個晚(wan)上“人龍(long)(long)(long)”，東(dong)西兩街戶(hu)戶(hu)張燈結彩，家家傾巢而出，人流如潮，熱鬧(nao)非凡。

據(ju)藝人(ren)(ren)傳說(shuo)，人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)大約始于明(ming)末(mo)，被清軍打敗的(de)(de)明(ming)軍撤(che)退到雷(lei)州(zhou)半島(dao)和東海島(dao)，適逢中秋(qiu)，地方百姓(xing)為(wei)鼓舞(wu)(wu)明(ming)軍士氣，編排了這個舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)。此后人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)便在(zai)這里流(liu)傳開(kai)來，至清乾嘉時達于鼎盛。人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)是東海島(dao)特(te)殊社會歷史因素與地域自(zi)然條(tiao)件的(de)(de)產物，它將古海島(dao)群眾娛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、敬(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、祭(ji)海、尊祖、奉(feng)神等多種風俗(su)融入“人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”之(zhi)中，形(xing)(xing)成了自(zi)創一體、獨(du)具一格的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表演形(xing)(xing)式和“人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”精神。湛(zhan)江人(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)有起龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)點頭、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)穿云、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷浪等獨(du)具特(te)色的(de)(de)表演程式，表演者練就(jiu)了快速托人(ren)(ren)上肩的(de)(de)穩健動(dong)(dong)作和步法，隊(dui)形(xing)(xing)流(liu)暢多變，動(dong)(dong)作一氣呵成，遠望動(dong)(dong)感十(shi)足，近觀粗(cu)獷雄壯(zhuang)，成為(wei)中華龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)文化延伸與發展的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部分(fen)。

汕尾滾地金龍

申報地區或單位：廣東省(sheng)汕尾市

根據廣東(dong)省汕尾市(shi)南(nan)溪(xi)村老人黃天樞藏書中的(de)記載(zai)和(he)部分知情者(zhe)的(de)敘述，“滾地(di)金(jin)(jin)龍(long)”始創于南(nan)宋，明嘉(jia)靖年間(jian)，黃氏光昭公一支(zhi)從福建漳州移居廣東(dong)陸豐(feng)南(nan)溪(xi)村，帶來《滾地(di)金(jin)(jin)龍(long)演史傳》的(de)傳本。黃氏南(nan)溪(xi)“滾地(di)金(jin)(jin)龍(long)”繁衍(yan)了(le)十七代(dai)。后來由該村的(de)金(jin)(jin)龍(long)藝師、傳統(tong)武(wu)術(shu)師傳到陸豐(feng)潭(tan)(tan)西(xi)鎮深溝(gou)村，大安(an)鎮的(de)安(an)博、下安(an)聯、頂潭(tan)(tan)、安(an)塘(tang)村，西(xi)南(nan)鎮的(de)兩軍、下村，陸豐(feng)城東(dong)鎮的(de)上神山(shan)村等地(di)。

南(nan)溪村“滾地金龍(long)”表演(yan)(yan)時，由(you)二人鉆入“龍(long)身被套”，一人舞龍(long)頭(tou)，一人舞龍(long)尾。整個(ge)表演(yan)(yan)過(guo)程分為(wei)“開場見禮(li)”、“打圍巡洞(dong)”、“游潭戲(xi)水”、“抻筋洗鱗”、“伏蟄聞雷”、“迎雷起舞”、“駕云飛(fei)騰(teng)”、“收場還禮(li)”八個(ge)舞段，表演(yan)(yan)中模仿的(de)龍(long)旋(xuan)舞飛(fei)騰(teng)、戲(xi)水嬉耍、沉思奮(fen)醒、柔靜盤曲(qu)、勇猛奮(fen)進(jin)等動(dong)作(zuo)。伴奏(zou)用威武雄壯、嘹亮開闊的(de)海陸豐正字(zi)戲(xi)的(de)“牌子大(da)鑼鼓”，大(da)嗩吶按不(bu)同的(de)表演(yan)(yan)情(qing)節吹(chui)奏(zou)不(bu)同的(de)曲(qu)調，有【宮娥怨】、【哭皇天】、【山坡羊】、【八板頭(tou)】等曲(qu)牌。表情(qing)豐富(fu)、套路眾多、舞段精彩、技(ji)藝(yi)兼善是這個(ge)舞蹈的(de)基(ji)本特(te)點。

1996年，南溪村被(bei)廣東(dong)省文化廳(ting)授予(yu)“民(min)族(zu)民(min)間藝術(shu)之鄉”稱號(hao)，滾地(di)金(jin)龍被(bei)編入《中國舞(wu)蹈志》，并在國家(jia)和省級地(di)區(qu)的重(zhong)大活動中多次獲獎(jiang)。

浦江板凳龍

申(shen)報地區或單(dan)位：浙(zhe)江(jiang)省浦(pu)江(jiang)縣

浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)位于(yu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中部偏西(xi)，金(jin)華(hua)市北部。據浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)白馬鎮夏張(zhang)村張(zhang)姓(xing)族譜載，自(zi)唐(tang)朝(chao)始，“龍(long)騰燈舞鬧元(yuan)宵(xiao)”便成了浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民間的習俗，浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)志中稱之為(wei)“燈節”。浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)盛(sheng)行(xing)于(yu)浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)鄉村，廣泛流傳于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南沿海各地(di)。綜觀浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)的傳承發展，唐(tang)代為(wei)其孕育期，宋(song)、元(yuan)為(wei)其成熟期，明、清(qing)為(wei)其鼎盛(sheng)期；中華(hua)人民共(gong)和(he)國成立后(hou)，尤(you)其是改革開放(fang)以后(hou)，為(wei)其弘(hong)揚傳承期。

從構造(zao)上(shang)看，浦江板凳(deng)龍(long)由(you)龍(long)頭、龍(long)身(shen)（子燈(deng)）、龍(long)尾三部分(fen)組成，俗稱長燈(deng)。根(gen)據(ju)龍(long)頭造(zao)型，可分(fen)仰天龍(long)、俯地龍(long)、大蝦龍(long)等類別。因(yin)凳(deng)板（龍(long)身(shen)）上(shang)的(de)設置造(zao)型不同，亦有方燈(deng)、酒壇燈(deng)、字燈(deng)等十一種不同的(de)形態。每逢(feng)節日或(huo)重大慶典興燈(deng)，以(yi)麥(mai)餅團、剪(jian)刀箍(gu)、甩尾巴(ba)為(wei)主要(yao)表演陣(zhen)式。

浦江(jiang)板(ban)(ban)凳(deng)龍，顧名思(si)義就是一(yi)條條用單個板(ban)(ban)凳(deng)串聯而成(cheng)的(de)(de)游動(dong)的(de)(de)龍燈，它讓人們充(chong)分感受(shou)到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)氣勢恢宏、剛強柔(rou)美的(de)(de)特征，在(zai)鑼聲、號(hao)角、銃聲震天，喝彩聲此起彼伏的(de)(de)氛圍(wei)中接受(shou)和(he)(he)領悟娛己娛人的(de)(de)生(sheng)活習俗和(he)(he)敬天順人的(de)(de)民(min)眾(zhong)信仰(yang)。一(yi)條浦江(jiang)板(ban)(ban)凳(deng)龍幾乎(hu)就是一(yi)個藝術綜(zong)合體，它集書法(fa)、繪畫、剪紙、刻花(hua)、雕塑藝術和(he)(he)扎制編糊工藝為一(yi)體，融(rong)體育、雜技(ji)、舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)為一(yi)爐。游動(dong)起來的(de)(de)龍舞(wu)(wu)兼有粗獷、細膩、奔放、嚴(yan)整的(de)(de)風格，通過這種激情與哲理、娛樂教(jiao)化(hua)合一(yi)的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)，人們得到(dao)了感官(guan)和(he)(he)心靈的(de)(de)雙重滿足。浦江(jiang)板(ban)(ban)凳(deng)龍是地(di)道的(de)(de)百(bai)姓文(wen)化(hua)，廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)性、廣(guang)(guang)泛性、驚險性為其(qi)主要特征，其(qi)參加人數(shu)之多(duo)、活動(dong)場(chang)地(di)之大，在(zai)同(tong)類形(xing)式中實屬罕見。

長興百葉龍

申報地區或單位：浙江省長興縣

長(chang)興(xing)百(bai)葉龍發源并流傳于浙江省長(chang)興(xing)縣林(lin)城(cheng)鎮一帶，至21世紀(ji)10年代已有一百(bai)六十多年的歷史。

傳統(tong)百葉龍(long)(long)多在廟會及(ji)節慶時表演，先從“游四門”、“圓(yuan)場”等(deng)隊形開始，當荷花燈聚成圓(yuan)圈(quan)、相(xiang)互連(lian)接以(yi)構(gou)成“龍(long)(long)”形時，外圈(quan)舞隊熱烈(lie)舞蹈，以(yi)遮(zhe)引觀(guan)眾(zhong)視(shi)線；“龍(long)(long)”一成形，即騰(teng)空躍起，眾(zhong)舞隊立時散開，突出百葉龍(long)(long)，形成高潮。

百葉龍(long)的(de)(de)表演(yan)方式(shi)也劃分(fen)為(wei)舞(wu)臺(tai)舞(wu)、行街舞(wu)、廣場(chang)舞(wu)等不同形式(shi)，且日趨復雜，以適應不同的(de)(de)表演(yan)場(chang)合。其主要隊形有長蛇陣(zhen)、接龍(long)、踩四門、剪(jian)刀(dao)陣(zhen)、走四角等，主要動作有游龍(long)、滾(gun)龍(long)、龍(long)盤柱、騰龍(long)、臥(wo)龍(long)、睡龍(long)、龍(long)出水、龍(long)吐須(xu)等。

百葉(xie)龍舞(wu)蹈(dao)表演時，荷花(hua)在瞬間突(tu)變成龍是其最顯著的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，由此將(jiang)中(zhong)國傳統的(de)(de)舞(wu)龍轉化成龍舞(wu)，通過(guo)湖水(shui)(shui)蕩(dang)漾、荷葉(xie)擺動、荷花(hua)盛開、彩蝶(die)撲(pu)飛、荷花(hua)變龍、蛟龍嬉戲、龍變荷花(hua)等動作和情(qing)節，完(wan)成一個完(wan)整的(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈(dao)過(guo)程，展出江南水(shui)(shui)鄉的(de)(de)絕美意境(jing)。

1957年，百葉龍榮獲(huo)第二屆(jie)全國民間音樂舞(wu)蹈匯(hui)演特(te)等獎(jiang)(jiang)，由周恩(en)來總理推薦(jian)參加莫斯科“第六屆(jie)世界(jie)青年大(da)學生聯歡節”演出，榮獲(huo)金(jin)(jin)獎(jiang)(jiang)，2000年又獲(huo)“群星獎(jiang)(jiang)”舞(wu)蹈大(da)賽金(jin)(jin)獎(jiang)(jiang)。

奉化布龍

申報地區(qu)或(huo)單(dan)位(wei)：浙江省奉化市

奉化(hua)布(bu)龍因起源和流布(bu)于浙(zhe)江(jiang)奉化(hua)而得(de)名，是(shi)全國(guo)頗有影響的代表性龍舞之(zhi)一。它由敬神、請神、娛神的民(min)間儀式逐漸演(yan)變成(cheng)為富有特色的民(min)間舞蹈，迄今已有八百多年歷(li)史。

舞(wu)得(de)活、舞(wu)得(de)圓、神態真、套路(lu)(lu)多、速度快(kuai)是奉化布龍(long)的(de)主要藝術特征。整個(ge)舞(wu)蹈由盤(pan)、滾、游(you)、翻、跳、戲等基本套路(lu)(lu)和小游(you)龍(long)、大游(you)龍(long)、龍(long)鉆(zhan)尾(wei)等過渡動作(zuo)(zuo)組成，舞(wu)者動作(zuo)(zuo)矯健，舞(wu)姿變化多端，技(ji)藝嫻熟。所有舞(wu)蹈動作(zuo)(zuo)都在龍(long)的(de)游(you)動中進(jin)行，能做到“形變龍(long)不停，龍(long)走套路(lu)(lu)生”，“人緊(jin)龍(long)也(ye)圓，龍(long)飛人亦舞(wu)”，造(zao)型生動，轉換巧妙，動作(zuo)(zuo)間(jian)的(de)銜接(jie)和遞進(jin)十分緊(jin)湊。由于龍(long)身(shen)輕，舞(wu)動起來速度快(kuai)，龍(long)圈環環相扣(kou)，龍(long)身(shen)緊(jin)緊(jin)纏(chan)繞。奉化布龍(long)傳統套路(lu)(lu)多達四十余個(ge)，為一般(ban)龍(long)舞(wu)所罕見，其中有的(de)已(yi)被用作(zuo)(zuo)國家體育舞(wu)龍(long)比(bi)賽的(de)規定動作(zuo)(zuo)，為大江南北(bei)的(de)龍(long)舞(wu)所移植。

瀘州雨壇彩龍

申報地(di)區或(huo)單位：四川省(sheng)瀘縣

四(si)川(chuan)瀘州雨壇(tan)彩(cai)龍以其(qi)悠久的(de)歷史和浪漫的(de)龍舞(wu)表演藝術被譽為“東方活龍”。清(qing)光緒十八(ba)年左(zuo)右，當(dang)地藝人將原(yuan)有的(de)“草把龍”改成(cheng)彩(cai)龍，到1919年，出現(xian)了第一(yi)條雨壇(tan)彩(cai)龍。自此每逢年節或(huo)婚喪嫁娶，當(dang)地百姓都要(yao)舞(wu)彩(cai)龍。

雨(yu)壇(tan)彩龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)重(zhong)在(zai)一個“活”字，“人龍(long)(long)合一”。表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)時舞者“動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)于中而形于外”，“心有性(xing)情(qing)(qing)，手衍神色”，“手隨眼(yan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，眼(yan)隨心動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。在(zai)川劇打擊樂的(de)(de)伴奏下，龍(long)(long)與“寶”交織纏綿，緊緊呼應(ying)，在(zai)龍(long)(long)舞中對龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)個性(xing)特征、生活情(qing)(qing)態進(jin)(jin)行(xing)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)描摹。雨(yu)壇(tan)彩龍(long)(long)按連綿不斷的(de)(de)太極圖案(an)行(xing)進(jin)(jin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)，套路變(bian)幻莫測，表(biao)(biao)(biao)演(yan)活潑靈動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，變(bian)化多端，或(huo)(huo)脫衣，或(huo)(huo)翻滾，或(huo)(huo)嘆(tan)氣，或(huo)(huo)擦(ca)癢，極顯(xian)龍(long)(long)之(zhi)性(xing)情(qing)(qing)。在(zai)此過程中，舞者與龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)感融為(wei)一體。

在(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)實踐中，雨(yu)(yu)壇彩(cai)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)傳人(ren)們(men)不(bu)斷更新、豐富表(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)內容，形成了完整的(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)套路和經典(dian)的(de)(de)動作造型(xing)，如(ru)龍(long)(long)出洞、龍(long)(long)搶寶(bao)、龍(long)(long)脫(tuo)衣、龍(long)(long)背劍、龍(long)(long)嘆(tan)氣、龍(long)(long)砌塔、龍(long)(long)抱柱(zhu)、黃龍(long)(long)滾、倒掛金鉤、太子騎龍(long)(long)等(deng)(deng)，最(zui)大限度地展示了人(ren)們(men)對龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)想(xiang)象。以藝(yi)人(ren)羅銀坤等(deng)(deng)羅氏兄弟為代表(biao)，構(gou)成了雨(yu)(yu)壇彩(cai)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)傳承人(ren)系(xi)統(tong)。在(zai)當(dang)代，這個傳人(ren)系(xi)統(tong)大大拓(tuo)展，不(bu)僅(jin)有一(yi)批青年人(ren)加入，而(er)且重(zhong)慶、銅梁(liang)、成都等(deng)(deng)地還派人(ren)來學藝(yi)，雨(yu)(yu)壇彩(cai)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)流布(bu)區域由此得(de)到了擴(kuo)展。

河上板龍舞

河上(shang)板龍舞是民間舞蹈(dao)形(xing)式, 是龍舞的(de)一種, 舞蹈(dao)形(xing)象為中華民族的(de)圖騰———龍, 它集中展現(xian)了蕭山民間工(gong)藝的(de)精華, 是蕭山民間文化(hua)的(de)杰出代表。從(cong)南宋紹(shao)興二十九年 (1159) 開(kai)始,至2009年已(yi)有850余年歷史。

旦場人龍舞

電(dian)白旦(dan)場(chang)鎮旦(dan)場(chang)村人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)起(qi)源于(yu)清朝雍正年間，至今(jin)(jin)已(yi)有(you)270多年歷史。據村里老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說(shuo)，旦(dan)場(chang)村的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)是這樣形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)：當時村人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)池塘中游泳，覺得純粹的(de)(de)(de)游泳已(yi)缺乏趣味，于(yu)是分成(cheng)兩(liang)隊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)馬，舉行(xing)“戰斗(dou)(dou)(dou)”。戰斗(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)(de)規則是：雙方都有(you)大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)站在(zai)(zai)水中，將小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)托在(zai)(zai)肩(jian)上，讓(rang)小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)對打，前面的(de)(de)(de)小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)被(bei)打到(dao)水中之后(hou)(hou)，后(hou)(hou)面的(de)(de)(de)小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)迅(xun)速補上，繼續戰斗(dou)(dou)(dou)，直到(dao)有(you)一(yi)隊小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)被(bei)完全打倒為(wei)止。后(hou)(hou)來人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)忽然想到(dao)現在(zai)(zai)這種形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)：大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)抬(tai)著(zhu)仰(yang)臥的(de)(de)(de)小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，一(yi)個(ge)接一(yi)個(ge)，組成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身，前面一(yi)個(ge)小孩(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)坐立大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)肩(jian)上宛如龍(long)(long)頭，這便(bian)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)。在(zai)(zai)重大(da)(da)節日，村民便(bian)自(zi)發組織成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)進行(xing)表演(yan)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)歷經200多年演(yan)變與(yu)(yu)改(gai)進，在(zai)(zai)動作、節奏、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)龍(long)(long)技巧等方面日益(yi)完善。如今(jin)(jin)，旦(dan)場(chang)村年年“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)(long)”飛舞，鑼鼓(gu)喧(xuan)天，萬眾歡(huan)呼，給全村人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)帶來了歡(huan)樂與(yu)(yu)喜慶，使全村呈現出一(yi)派繁(fan)榮與(yu)(yu)祥(xiang)和的(de)(de)(de)景象。

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