芒果视频下载-完整视频播放

基本介紹

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)，也(ye)稱“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)又叫“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”或“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”，在全國各地和各民(min)(min)族間(jian)(jian)廣泛分布，其(qi)形式品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣，是(shi)任(ren)何(he)其(qi)他民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)舞(wu)(wu)都無(wu)法(fa)比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。早在商代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甲(jia)骨文(wen)中，已出(chu)現以數(shu)人(ren)集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字；漢代(dai)董仲舒《春秋繁露(lu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記錄中已有(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載；此后歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩文(wen)中記錄宮廷或民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字屢見不鮮。直(zhi)至(zhi)現在，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)仍是(shi)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)喜慶節令場合普遍存(cun)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈形式之一。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現手(shou)段是(shi)其(qi)道(dao)具(ju)(ju)造型、構圖變化(hua)和動作(zuo)套(tao)路。根據龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形道(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扎制材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，分為(wei)布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紗龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、草(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、錢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、棕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、板(ban)凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、百葉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、雞(ji)毛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)等(deng)等(deng)；北方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制作(zuo)一般高大粗重，風格(ge)古樸剛勁；南方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)則(ze)精巧細致，活潑敏(min)捷。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)從色彩上(shang)可分為(wei)黃(huang)、白、青(qing)、紅(hong)、黑(hei)等(deng)，以黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最為(wei)尊(zun)貴。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構圖和動作(zuo)一般具(ju)(ju)有(you)“圓曲(qu)”、“翻(fan)滾(gun)”、“絞纏”、“穿插(cha)”、“竄躍”等(deng)特(te)征(zheng)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統表(biao)演程(cheng)序一般為(wei)：“請龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“出(chu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”和“送龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)有(you)“七八歲玩(wan)草(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，十五六耍小龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，青(qing)壯(zhuang)年舞(wu)(wu)大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)。舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)人(ren)數(shu)少則(ze)一人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，多則(ze)百人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)一大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。

龍是中華民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)圖(tu)騰和(he)(he)信(xin)奉(feng)的(de)(de)祖先；龍舞是華夏(xia)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)的(de)(de)象征，它體(ti)現了中華民(min)族(zu)團結合力、奮發(fa)開拓(tuo)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)面貌(mao)，包含(han)了天人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)諧、造福(fu)人(ren)(ren)類的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)內涵，是中國人(ren)(ren)在吉(ji)慶和(he)(he)祝(zhu)福(fu)時節最(zui)常見的(de)(de)娛樂方式，氣氛熱烈，催人(ren)(ren)振奮，是中華民(min)族(zu)極為珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產。

舞蹈特色

龍形道具

中國漢族(zu)民間舞蹈，因舞蹈者持傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)中的龍形道具而得名(ming)。龍的形象源于中國古代圖騰，被(bei)視為民族(zu)的象征(zheng)。傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)中龍能行云布雨，消災降福。于2006年(nian)列(lie)入首批《國家級(ji)非物質文化遺產名(ming)錄》，編號(hao)Ⅲ-4。流傳(chuan)(chuan)較為廣泛(fan)的有(you)：

1.龍燈

又稱火龍(long)(long)(long)、金龍(long)(long)(long)。用竹(zhu)篾和(he)綢布扎成龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)（3～10節(jie)）和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)尾，彩(cai)繪龍(long)(long)(long)鱗(lin)，每(mei)節(jie)龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)中(zhong)都裝有燭燈(deng)。起舞(wu)時，一人手持彩(cai)燈(deng)（象征寶珠）在前領舞(wu)，其他(ta)多人持龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)尾下的木柄隨舞(wu)，表演“二龍(long)(long)(long)戲珠”、“金龍(long)(long)(long)蟠玉柱”等。龍(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)多在節(jie)慶之夜(ye)舞(wu)弄，以(yi)鑼鼓、嗩吶(na)伴奏，同時施放煙花爆竹(zhu)，蔚為(wei)壯觀熱鬧。

2.草龍

南方農民在夏(xia)歷五、六月(yue)間，用柳(liu)條、青藤、稻草等(deng)扎成(cheng)龍(long)形(xing)。龍(long)身上插(cha)滿香(xiang)火(huo)，傍晚以(yi)后(hou)在田間場院(yuan)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，看起來星火(huo)點點、香(xiang)煙繚繞。過去多在鬧蟲災或干(gan)旱時的(de)祭祀活動中舞(wu)(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，有(you)驅蟲、祈雨之(zhi)意。此外還(huan)有(you)些(xie)龍(long)身不(bu)相連結的(de)龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)流行(xing)于(yu)浙(zhe)江一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)百葉(xie)龍(long)，是由幾十盞(zhan)甚至上百盞(zhan)荷花燈、荷葉(xie)燈、蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈穿(chuan)插(cha)串連而成(cheng)，大荷花燈作龍(long)頭，蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈當(dang)龍(long)尾(wei)，來回(hui)穿(chuan)梭游走(zou)。而江蘇流行(xing)一(yi)種段龍(long)，龍(long)頭、龍(long)身和龍(long)尾(wei)都由紅綢(chou)扎成(cheng)，輕盈優美，多由婦(fu)女舞(wu)(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，魚貫走(zou)出許(xu)多隊形(xing)，猶如(ru)一(yi)條彩(cai)虹在空中蜿蜒。龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是中國(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統節日中流行(xing)最廣的(de)民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，世界上華人聚居區也以(yi)龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)來表現社區傳(chuan)(chuan)統文(wen)化。

根(gen)據龍(long)(long)(long)(long)形道具的(de)(de)扎制(zhi)材料的(de)(de)不同，分(fen)為(wei)布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、紗龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、錢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、棕(zong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、百(bai)葉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、雞毛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)等等；北方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞的(de)(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)一般(ban)高大粗重，風格古樸(pu)剛勁；南方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞則(ze)精巧細(xi)致，活潑(po)敏捷。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞從(cong)色彩上(shang)可分(fen)為(wei)黃、白、青、紅、黑等，以(yi)黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)最為(wei)尊貴(gui)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞的(de)(de)構圖和動作(zuo)一般(ban)具有“圓曲”、“翻滾”、“絞纏(chan)”、“穿插(cha)”、“竄躍”等特征。

表演形式

龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)表演場地(di)是城鎮廣場，社區，區域較大的(de)地(di)方。龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)傳統表演程序一般為：“請龍(long)”、“出龍(long)”、“舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)”和“送龍(long)”。民間有“七八歲玩草龍(long)，十五六耍(shua)小龍(long)，青壯年(nian)舞(wu)(wu)大龍(long)”的(de)說法。舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)人數少(shao)則一人舞(wu)(wu)雙龍(long)，多則百人舞(wu)(wu)一大龍(long)。

服飾

龍(long)舞表演多以男性演員為主，演員的服飾是圓領(ling)白(bai)色(se)(se)緊身(shen)衣，上衣扣子為褐色(se)(se)，形(xing)狀似云(yun)(yun)朵狀。扣子兩邊有(you)龍(long)狀花紋(wen)，袖口處有(you)如(ru)龍(long)身(shen)鱗片花樣，腰(yao)間扎有(you)紅色(se)(se)或綠色(se)(se)綢帶。頭(tou)裹白(bai)色(se)(se)羊肚毛巾，下(xia)身(shen)穿淺黃(huang)色(se)(se)緊腿褲，腳蹬云(yun)(yun)頭(tou)布鞋(xie)，妝容多以薄(bo)粉敷面。

音樂

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)運動過程(cheng)中離不(bu)開鼓點(dian)(dian)樂(le)(le)器的搭配，音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)過程(cheng)中有著重(zhong)要(yao)的地(di)位(wei)，演(yan)奏(zou)風(feng)格(ge)具有民族傳(chuan)統性(xing)。其旋律、節(jie)奏(zou)與(yu)火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)的動作、造型畫面和諧一致，主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)打(da)擊(ji)樂(le)(le)的伴(ban)奏(zou)形式為主(zhu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)鼓點(dian)(dian)的襯托下(xia)(xia)，使(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表現(xian)生機勃勃。伴(ban)奏(zou)樂(le)(le)器多以(yi)鑼、鼓、镲等打(da)擊(ji)樂(le)(le)為主(zhu)，樂(le)(le)隊鼓點(dian)(dian)無固定模式，以(yi)舞(wu)(wu)者舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)情緒調整節(jie)奏(zou)快慢變化，屬于即興(xing)演(yan)奏(zou)。鼓點(dian)(dian)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)使(shi)火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表演(yan)顯得活靈(ling)活現(xian)，振(zhen)奮人(ren)心(xin)。火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表演(yan)時，樂(le)(le)隊由四到六人(ren)組成，每個(ge)人(ren)的職能不(bu)同(tong)，其中鼓主(zhu)要(yao)敲(qiao)(qiao)擊(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)節(jie)奏(zou)，鑼主(zhu)要(yao)敲(qiao)(qiao)擊(ji)重(zhong)音(yin)(yin)，镲是每拍(pai)子敲(qiao)(qiao)擊(ji)一次，音(yin)(yin)樂(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)基本(ben)鼓點(dian)(dian)與(yu)曲(qu)譜(pu)下(xia)(xia)反復，直到與(yu)動作完成為止(zhi)。

基本動作

龍(long)舞中的龍(long)，由龍(long)頭、龍(long)身和龍(long)尾(wei)構(gou)成，龍(long)身較長，是龍(long)的主(zhu)體。在制(zhi)作這種表(biao)演的龍(long)時，用竹篾(mie)或者鐵絲(si)為(wei)架(jia)子，外面抹(mo)上紙或者是布，龍(long)身的節(jie)(jie)與(yu)節(jie)(jie)之(zhi)間，用布縫成筒(tong)狀連接，然后彩繪其形。龍(long)身、龍(long)頭、龍(long)尾(wei)制(zhi)成后，在龍(long)身的每節(jie)(jie)中部(bu)插置(zhi)蠟(la)梗，下部(bu)安置(zhi)木柄，供表(biao)演的人用手抓握。

龍(long)舞(wu)在開(kai)始表(biao)演時，由許(xu)多(duo)人每(mei)人各舉(ju)一(yi)(yi)節木柄，左右揮(hui)舞(wu)，使龍(long)體(ti)在空中(zhong)悠(you)悠(you)蠕動。一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)一(yi)(yi)手在上，一(yi)(yi)手在下，兩(liang)手相(xiang)距(ju)四十厘(li)米(mi)。舞(wu)龍(long)表(biao)演者在舞(wu)蹈(dao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)隨時調(diao)動雙(shuang)手之間的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離。雙(shuang)手執(zhi)桿運動路線以(yi)(yi)繞八字為主。除此以(yi)(yi)外，舞(wu)蹈(dao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)常有倒(dao)(dao)把動作，主要包括上倒(dao)(dao)把和下倒(dao)(dao)把。指揮(hui)演員的(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)桿方法與舞(wu)龍(long)。夜晚舞(wu)龍(long)時，要點燃龍(long)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)蠟(la)燭，輔以(yi)(yi)彩(cai)燈(deng)(deng)、蓮花(hua)燈(deng)(deng)等各式花(hua)燈(deng)(deng)，同(tong)時施放煙火、爆竹，造成一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)聲勢(shi)，吸引觀眾，使龍(long)舞(wu)呈現出不同(tong)凡響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)風彩(cai)來。

火(huo)龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)基本步法(fa)主要是跑碎步，隨著音樂的(de)高潮以及舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)的(de)幅度控(kong)制步伐。由(you)于龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)是由(you)多人組(zu)成的(de)隊伍，因(yin)此(ci)要配合默契，步伐統(tong)一。火(huo)龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)運動(dong)量很(hen)大，不同(tong)的(de)動(dong)作(zuo)大部分都是在跑碎步中(zhong)完成的(de)。

傳承價值與現狀

對中國古典舞的影響

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古典舞(wu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)提煉(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國戲(xi)曲(qu)舞(wu)蹈和武術的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，吸收中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國傳統(tong)文化之精髓，并融合多(duo)種(zhong)藝術形(xing)式(shi)發展演(yan)變(bian)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國舞(wu)蹈藝術的(de)(de)典菹(zu)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族文化藝術的(de)(de)結晶。從它(ta)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本動律(lv)、舞(wu)姿形(xing)態(tai)(tai)及運動軌(gui)跡來看，其體(ti)勢，總呈現為一種(zhong)回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)即“ 圓(yuan)” 一— “轉”的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)，這(zhe)種(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古典舞(wu)動律(lv)形(xing)態(tai)(tai)與身法(fa)最顯(xian)著的(de)(de)特點，故中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古典舞(wu)被稱(cheng)為“劃圓(yuan)的(de)(de)藝術” 。在(zai)長期的(de)(de)表演(yan)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古典舞(wu)始終與“圓(yuan)” 有著密(mi)不(bu)可分的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，即“ 萬變(bian)不(bu)離其圓(yuan)”，并在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)"擰、傾(qing)、圓(yuan)、曲(qu)"為核心(xin)的(de)(de)動律(lv)形(xing)態(tai)(tai)。

而在“ 龍(long)(long)舞” 表演中，以(yi)(yi)單龍(long)(long)為例，龍(long)(long)舞開始時總是先(xian)繞(rao)場一(yi)兩周一(yi)—圓(yuan)場，勾(gou)畫出一(yi)個圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)無極(ji)圖，然(ran)后開始耍龍(long)(long)，舞龍(long)(long)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)成員將龍(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)身(shen)、龍(long)(long)尾依次先(xian)后從上而下劃8字，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成整個龍(long)(long)體的(de)(de)(de)S 形(xing)(xing)(xing)游動，《百(bai)戲竹枝詞(ci)· 龍(long)(long)燈(deng)斗(dou)》詩題解說：其(qi)龍(long)(long)燈(deng)” 以(yi)(yi)竹蔑為之(zhi)，外(wai)覆以(yi)(yi)紗，婉蜓(ting)之(zhi)勢亦(yi)復可(ke)(ke)觀。“龍(long)(long)舞的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)非常明(ming)顯地呈現(xian)為一(yi)種循(xun)環(huan)變(bian)化、婉蜓(ting)曲折的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)，它的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用一(yi)個字來概括，就(jiu)是“回(hui)” 。除此之(zhi)外(wai)，在中國古典舞袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)舞中，身(shen)袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不可(ke)(ke)分，水袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)借(jie)助身(shen)休的(de)(de)(de)"擰、傾、圓(yuan)、曲”和(he)住復回(hui)旋(xuan)如(ru)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)動勢，才能有(you)“ 長袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)(yi)隧(sui)回(hui)"，故(gu)中國古典舞袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)舞的(de)(de)(de)“ 身(shen)袖(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)合一(yi)“ 體現(xian)著龍(long)(long)舞" 回(hui)”之(zhi)意象的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式美(mei)。

文化價值

“ 龍(long)(long)(long)舞” 作(zuo)為“龍(long)(long)(long)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)” 藝(yi)術的(de)(de)代表．是(shi)(shi)在(zai)幾千(qian)年歷史發展過(guo)程中，人(ren)(ren)們(men)所創造出來的(de)(de)代表中華(hua)(hua)民族(zu)、中國文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、華(hua)(hua)夏精神的(de)(de)象征(zheng)。“龍(long)(long)(long)舞”是(shi)(shi)以一(yi)種崇(chong)(chong)高的(de)(de)美(mei)和(he)神奇(qi)的(de)(de)美(mei)傳達行人(ren)(ren)們(men)內(nei)心(xin)的(de)(de)愿望和(he)希冀，表現著人(ren)(ren)們(men)對(dui)(dui)龍(long)(long)(long)圖騰、對(dui)(dui)生命(ming)、對(dui)(dui)宇宙的(de)(de)崇(chong)(chong)拜，龍(long)(long)(long)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)既體現了“天人(ren)(ren)和(he)諧”的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)內(nei)涵，也體現了華(hua)(hua)夏人(ren)(ren)民繼(ji)承與發揚的(de)(de)民族(zu)精神，是(shi)(shi)中華(hua)(hua)民族(zu)優秀傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)之一(yi)。

舞龍(long)(long)(long)是對龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種形(xing)(xing)象化和具體化，其表現(xian)形(xing)(xing)式受(shou)它所要表達對象的(de)(de)限制，因而，舞龍(long)(long)(long)表演形(xing)(xing)式是隨著(zhu)龍(long)(long)(long)形(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)發展(zhan)而發展(zhan)的(de)(de)。如今呈(cheng)現(xian)所的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)(long)”，是最完美的(de)(de)中國(guo)(guo)現(xian)代龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)象，與古代龍(long)(long)(long)有著(zhu)巨大(da)差異。“龍(long)(long)(long)”的(de)(de)外部形(xing)(xing)態由春秋前的(de)(de)匍匐(fu)爬狀(zhuang)、結構(gou)粗糙、蛇身獸頭到戰國(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)剛(gang)健有力(li)(li)、結構(gou)復雜，再(zai)到宋(song)代以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)蜿(wan)蜒多姿(zi)，通體華美；其氣勢上(shang)從春秋前的(de)(de)粗野與狂放、暴力(li)(li)與恐怖到戰國(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)不(bu)可一(yi)(yi)世的(de)(de)蓬勃(bo)之勢，再(zai)發展(zhan)到宋(song)以(yi)(yi)后其保留不(bu)可一(yi)(yi)世的(de)(de)豪氣，退(tui)卻了(le)原本的(de)(de)剛(gang)猛(meng) 。通過勞動(dong)人民的(de)(de)聰(cong)智(zhi)才慧，“龍(long)(long)(long)”的(de)(de)外形(xing)(xing)與神韻不(bu)斷發展(zhan)與豐富(fu)，創造出了(le)一(yi)(yi)條活靈活現(xian)，氣勢蓬勃(bo)的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)(long)”。

主要流派的價值與現狀

銅梁龍舞(wu)(wu)有(you)與(yu)民俗(su)活動(dong)緊(jin)密相連、套路豐富(fu)、動(dong)律(lv)諧趣的(de)特點(dian)，伴奏音樂獨特，道具構思(si)巧妙，造型夸張，服飾儉樸大方，舞(wu)(wu)者參(can)舞(wu)(wu)自由，退舞(wu)(wu)方便，有(you)群眾參(can)與(yu)性。

銅梁龍(long)(long)舞體現了團結合力(li)、造福人類(lei)、奮發向上、與天和諧(xie)的精神(shen)，同時(shi)具有娛神(shen)娛人、彰顯威力(li)等社會功能。銅梁龍(long)(long)舞聞名于世的僅大蠕龍(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)等少數(shu)品種，多數(shu)龍(long)(long)舞品種已處于瀕危境地，亟待(dai)保護和拯救。

湛江人龍舞逐漸失去了往日的吸引力，處(chu)于衰落狀態，為保護(hu)民(min)間文(wen)化遺產(chan)，有(you)必要(yao)對(dui)它(ta)進行盡快搶救和整理。

浦江板(ban)凳龍保留了(le)中(zhong)國尤其(qi)是浙中(zhong)和(he)(he)江南(nan)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)一(yi)帶“龍信(xin)仰”的(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)文化傳(chuan)統(tong)，融(rong)匯(hui)了(le)書(shu)畫、剪紙等民(min)間(jian)藝術(shu)的(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)，傳(chuan)承了(le)群眾體育和(he)(he)廣場舞蹈(dao)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)形(xing)(xing)式，具(ju)有民(min)俗、歷史研究價值和(he)(he)民(min)間(jian)工藝傳(chuan)承功能，在浦江和(he)(he)浙中(zhong)及江南(nan)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)一(yi)帶產生了(le)深遠(yuan)而廣泛的(de)(de)影響。但時代變遷所造(zao)成的(de)(de)沖擊也不可避免地降臨在浦江板(ban)凳龍身(shen)上，使它(ta)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)承陷入(ru)窘境，亟待搶救與保護。

長(chang)興(xing)百葉(xie)(xie)龍(long)(long)作為中國漢民族一種獨特(te)的(de)民間(jian)舞蹈，具(ju)有極(ji)高的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)價值(zhi)。時代(dai)的(de)變遷給長(chang)興(xing)百葉(xie)(xie)龍(long)(long)的(de)有序(xu)傳(chuan)承(cheng)帶來了影響，使這一寶(bao)貴的(de)民間(jian)藝(yi)術(shu)形式(shi)面臨生存(cun)危機。為保(bao)護(hu)、傳(chuan)承(cheng)百葉(xie)(xie)龍(long)(long)藝(yi)術(shu)，長(chang)興(xing)地方政府未(wei)雨綢繆，采取了一系列有效措施，一個保(bao)護(hu)地方文化資源、共(gong)創特(te)色文化品牌(pai)的(de)良好氛圍正(zheng)在形成。

奉(feng)化(hua)布(bu)龍的文化(hua)價(jia)值較突出，且民間(jian)流布(bu)的生態(tai)環(huan)境面臨(lin)潛(qian)在的危機，故地方政(zheng)府(fu)已將它率先列入保護范疇(chou)。1990年(nian)，奉(feng)化(hua)布(bu)龍入選《中國民族民間(jian)舞(wu)蹈集成（浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)卷）》；1996年(nian)，奉(feng)化(hua)市(shi)被文化(hua)部命名為“中國民間(jian)藝術之鄉”；2005年(nian)，奉(feng)化(hua)布(bu)龍被浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)列入首批非(fei)物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產代(dai)表作名錄(lu)。

瀘州雨(yu)壇(tan)(tan)彩龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)造(zao)型獨特(te)，主要(yao)依(yi)據瀘縣全國重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位龍(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)橋的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)設計(ji)，額高，嘴短，雙目突出可動，下頜開合自如，形象既威武有神(shen)，又憨(han)愚可親(qin)。龍(long)(long)(long)身用竹篾扎制成骨架，分(fen)組分(fen)節，可長可短。整個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)身用竹篾扎成圈(quan)，相互串聯，套上龍(long)(long)(long)衣后(hou)靈活多變。龍(long)(long)(long)尾也區別于一(yi)般的(de)火炬尾、蛇形尾，呈鰱魚狀，極富情趣(qu)。時下，雨(yu)壇(tan)(tan)彩龍(long)(long)(long)同樣面臨新時代的(de)挑戰，急需建立(li)保(bao)護和傳承(cheng)機(ji)制。

傳承保護措施

1.加強政府的主導作用

面(mian)對(dui)市場化經(jing)濟的不斷發展, 在龍(long)舞(wu)這(zhe)一民(min)間(jian)(jian)傳統體(ti)(ti)育(yu)項目(mu)的保(bao)護過(guo)程中, 當(dang)地政(zheng)府(fu)的主導(dao)作(zuo)用這(zhe)一角色是不容質疑的。政(zheng)府(fu)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)需要(yao)用銳利的眼(yan)光深入挖掘龍(long)舞(wu)這(zhe)一民(min)間(jian)(jian)傳統體(ti)(ti)育(yu)項目(mu), 做好(hao)龍(long)舞(wu)的保(bao)護工作(zuo)，在政(zheng)府(fu)的主導(dao)下，成立專(zhuan)業(ye)的龍(long)舞(wu)表演和比賽隊(dui)伍，將舞(wu)龍(long)工作(zuo)升(sheng)級為(wei)職(zhi)業(ye)化，以舞(wu)龍(long)為(wei)生。應該注(zhu)意(yi)并處理(li)好(hao)文化保(bao)護和經(jing)濟開發兩方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的關系, 避免龍(long)經(jing)濟吞(tun)食龍(long)文化的悲劇(ju)發生。

2.提高民眾參與的積極性、融入社區活動

龍舞(wu)是發源于民間(jian)、成(cheng)長于民間(jian)的傳(chuan)統體育項目(mu), 保護和(he)發展龍舞(wu)也理(li)應充(chong)分(fen)結合(he)民間(jian)特色，充(chong)分(fen)與(yu)大(da)眾(zhong)生活相結合(he)；也理(li)應注重調動(dong)大(da)眾(zhong)參與(yu)的積極性(xing), 以擴(kuo)大(da)其(qi)民間(jian)影(ying)響(xiang)力。

3.推動火龍燈舞走入校園

教育作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)民(min)族(zu)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承(cheng)的(de)重要(yao)途徑, 在培養民(min)族(zu)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)認(ren)同感中具(ju)有關(guan)鍵性的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，當代青少(shao)年(nian)是民(min)族(zu)優秀文化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)繼承(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、傳播(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和創(chuang)造者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe), 也(ye)是中國特色(se)社會主義(yi)的(de)建設者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，中華民(min)族(zu)偉大復興的(de)擔當者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。將“龍舞(wu)”推廣進入當地學校，通過(guo)組建校園(yuan)表演隊的(de)方式(shi)，參與校內外各種文化(hua)(hua)(hua)節日活動，借鑒以學校為(wei)主體，以古鎮為(wei)中心，輻射四(si)周地域為(wei)方向的(de)重要(yao)載(zai)體, 擴大龍文化(hua)(hua)(hua)影響力(li)。

4.做好關于火龍燈舞文化的宣傳和對外交流工作

作(zuo)為民間特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產保護之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍舞(wu)，要以其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)色不斷加強與(yu)不同地域、不同文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型、不同民間活動之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流與(yu)合作(zuo),吸(xi)收(shou)借鑒不同文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精髓，促進文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交融與(yu)渲染同時也要擴大(da)火龍燈舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會影響和(he)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)吸(xi)引(yin)力。深入挖(wa)掘龍舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民間藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)特(te)色, 并利用現代化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)臺(tai)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)包裝手段, 讓民間藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)充分走上現代舞(wu)臺(tai)，走進民眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活。

主要流派

銅梁龍舞

申報地區或單(dan)位：重(zhong)慶市

銅(tong)梁龍舞系流傳于(yu)重慶市銅(tong)梁縣境內的一種以龍為主要道具的舞蹈藝術形式。它興起(qi)于(yu)明(ming)，鼎(ding)盛于(yu)清，在當代(dai)重放異彩，飲(yin)譽全球(qiu)。

銅梁龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)包括龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)舞(wu)和彩燈(deng)舞(wu)兩(liang)大(da)(da)系列(lie)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)舞(wu)主要包括大(da)(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、稻草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、筍殼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、黃荊龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、正龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、小彩龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹梆(bang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)十(shi)個品種，其中以大(da)(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最有特(te)色。彩燈(deng)舞(wu)主要包括魚躍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)門、泥鰍吃湯圓(yuan)、三條、十(shi)八學士(shi)、亮獅、開(kai)山虎(hu)、蚌(bang)殼精、犀(xi)牛(niu)望月、豬啃南(nan)瓜(gua)、高臺龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)獅舞(wu)、雁塔題名、南(nan)瓜(gua)棚(peng)十(shi)二個品種。

湛江人龍舞

申報地(di)區或單位：廣東省湛(zhan)江市

廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)省東(dong)海島(dao)東(dong)山(shan)鎮東(dong)山(shan)圩(wei)村(cun)的(de)(de)人(ren)龍舞素有“東(dong)方(fang)一絕”的(de)(de)美稱(cheng)。表演時，幾(ji)十(shi)至數百名(ming)青(qing)壯年和(he)少年均(jun)穿短褲(ku)，以人(ren)體相接，組成一條“長龍”。在鑼鼓震(zhen)天、號角齊(qi)鳴中(zhong)(zhong)，“長龍”龍頭高昂(ang)，龍身(shen)翻騰，龍尾勁(jing)擺，一如(ru)蛟龍出海，排(pai)山(shan)倒海，勢不可擋(dang)，顯(xian)現出獨特(te)的(de)(de)海島(dao)色彩和(he)濃厚的(de)(de)鄉土氣息，是東(dong)海島(dao)乃至雷州半島(dao)經久不衰(shuai)的(de)(de)民間(jian)風俗和(he)大型廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)娛樂活動(dong)的(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分。每逢春節(jie)、元宵、中(zhong)(zhong)秋佳節(jie)和(he)一些重大喜慶節(jie)日，東(dong)山(shan)圩(wei)村(cun)必(bi)連(lian)舞幾(ji)個(ge)晚上(shang)“人(ren)龍”，東(dong)西兩街戶戶張燈結彩，家家傾巢而出，人(ren)流(liu)如(ru)潮，熱鬧非凡。

據藝人(ren)傳說，人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞大約(yue)始(shi)于明末(mo)，被清(qing)軍打敗的(de)(de)明軍撤退到雷州半(ban)島和東(dong)海(hai)島，適逢中秋，地(di)方百姓為(wei)鼓舞明軍士氣，編排了這(zhe)個舞蹈。此后人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞便在這(zhe)里流(liu)傳開(kai)來，至清(qing)乾嘉時(shi)達(da)于鼎盛。人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞是(shi)東(dong)海(hai)島特殊社會歷史因素與地(di)域自然條件的(de)(de)產(chan)物，它(ta)將古海(hai)島群眾(zhong)娛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、敬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、祭海(hai)、尊(zun)祖、奉神等多種風俗融(rong)入“人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”之中，形(xing)成了自創(chuang)一體、獨具一格的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞表(biao)演(yan)形(xing)式(shi)和“人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)”精神。湛江人(ren)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞有起(qi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)點頭、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)穿云、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)卷浪等獨具特色(se)的(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)程(cheng)式(shi)，表(biao)演(yan)者練就了快速托人(ren)上(shang)肩的(de)(de)穩(wen)健動(dong)作和步(bu)法，隊(dui)形(xing)流(liu)暢多變，動(dong)作一氣呵成，遠(yuan)望動(dong)感十足，近觀(guan)粗獷(guang)雄壯(zhuang)，成為(wei)中華龍(long)(long)(long)(long)文化延(yan)伸與發展的(de)(de)重要組(zu)成部分。

汕尾滾地金龍

申(shen)報(bao)地(di)區或單(dan)位：廣東省汕尾市(shi)

根(gen)據廣(guang)東省汕尾市南(nan)溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)老人黃天樞(shu)藏(zang)書中的(de)記載(zai)和(he)部分知情者的(de)敘述，“滾地(di)金龍(long)”始(shi)創于南(nan)宋(song)，明(ming)嘉靖年間，黃氏光昭公一支(zhi)從福建漳(zhang)州移居廣(guang)東陸(lu)豐南(nan)溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)，帶來(lai)《滾地(di)金龍(long)演(yan)史傳(chuan)》的(de)傳(chuan)本(ben)。黃氏南(nan)溪(xi)“滾地(di)金龍(long)”繁(fan)衍(yan)了(le)十七代。后來(lai)由該(gai)村(cun)(cun)的(de)金龍(long)藝師、傳(chuan)統(tong)武術師傳(chuan)到陸(lu)豐潭西鎮深溝村(cun)(cun)，大(da)安(an)鎮的(de)安(an)博、下安(an)聯(lian)、頂潭、安(an)塘(tang)村(cun)(cun)，西南(nan)鎮的(de)兩軍、下村(cun)(cun)，陸(lu)豐城東鎮的(de)上神山(shan)村(cun)(cun)等地(di)。

南溪村(cun)“滾地金龍(long)”表(biao)(biao)演(yan)時，由二人(ren)鉆入“龍(long)身被套”，一(yi)人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)頭，一(yi)人(ren)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)尾。整個(ge)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)過程分為“開場(chang)見禮”、“打圍巡(xun)洞”、“游潭戲(xi)水”、“抻筋(jin)洗鱗(lin)”、“伏蟄聞雷”、“迎雷起(qi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”、“駕(jia)云(yun)飛騰”、“收場(chang)還禮”八(ba)個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)段，表(biao)(biao)演(yan)中模仿(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)旋舞(wu)(wu)(wu)飛騰、戲(xi)水嬉(xi)耍、沉(chen)思(si)奮醒、柔靜(jing)盤曲(qu)、勇猛奮進等(deng)(deng)動作。伴奏(zou)用威武(wu)雄壯、嘹亮開闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)海陸豐正字(zi)戲(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“牌子大(da)鑼鼓”，大(da)嗩吶(na)按不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)情節吹奏(zou)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)調，有【宮娥怨】、【哭(ku)皇天(tian)】、【山(shan)坡羊】、【八(ba)板頭】等(deng)(deng)曲(qu)牌。表(biao)(biao)情豐富、套路眾多(duo)、舞(wu)(wu)(wu)段精彩(cai)、技藝兼(jian)善是(shi)這個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本特點。

1996年，南溪(xi)村(cun)被(bei)(bei)廣東省文化廳授(shou)予“民(min)族民(min)間藝術之鄉”稱號，滾(gun)地(di)金龍被(bei)(bei)編入《中國舞蹈志》，并在(zai)國家和省級(ji)地(di)區的重(zhong)大活動中多次(ci)獲獎(jiang)。

浦江板凳龍

申報地區或單(dan)位：浙江省浦江縣

浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣位于(yu)(yu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中部偏西，金華市北部。據浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)白馬鎮夏張村(cun)張姓族譜載(zai)，自唐朝始，“龍騰燈舞鬧元(yuan)宵”便成了(le)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)民間(jian)的(de)習俗，浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣志中稱之為(wei)“燈節”。浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)板凳(deng)龍盛(sheng)行于(yu)(yu)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣鄉村(cun)，廣泛流(liu)傳于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南沿(yan)海各地。綜觀浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)板凳(deng)龍的(de)傳承發展，唐代為(wei)其孕育期(qi)(qi)，宋、元(yuan)為(wei)其成熟期(qi)(qi)，明、清為(wei)其鼎盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)；中華人民共和國成立(li)后(hou)，尤(you)其是改(gai)革開放(fang)以后(hou)，為(wei)其弘揚傳承期(qi)(qi)。

從(cong)構造上(shang)看，浦江板凳龍(long)(long)(long)由龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)(long)身（子燈(deng)）、龍(long)(long)(long)尾三部分組成，俗稱長燈(deng)。根據龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)造型，可(ke)分仰(yang)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)、俯(fu)地龍(long)(long)(long)、大蝦(xia)龍(long)(long)(long)等類(lei)別。因凳板（龍(long)(long)(long)身）上(shang)的設置造型不同，亦有方燈(deng)、酒壇燈(deng)、字燈(deng)等十一種不同的形態。每逢節日(ri)或重大慶典興燈(deng)，以麥(mai)餅團、剪刀箍、甩(shuai)尾巴(ba)為主要表演陣式。

浦(pu)江板凳(deng)龍，顧名思義就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)用(yong)單(dan)個板凳(deng)串聯而(er)成的(de)游動的(de)龍燈，它(ta)讓人(ren)們(men)充分(fen)感受到廣(guang)場(chang)民間(jian)舞蹈氣(qi)勢恢(hui)宏、剛強柔(rou)美的(de)特(te)征，在(zai)(zai)鑼聲、號角、銃聲震(zhen)天，喝彩聲此起彼(bi)伏的(de)氛(fen)圍中接(jie)受和(he)領悟娛己(ji)娛人(ren)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)習俗和(he)敬天順人(ren)的(de)民眾信仰。一(yi)條(tiao)浦(pu)江板凳(deng)龍幾(ji)乎就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)個藝(yi)術(shu)綜合體，它(ta)集(ji)書法、繪畫、剪紙(zhi)、刻花、雕塑藝(yi)術(shu)和(he)扎(zha)制編糊工藝(yi)為一(yi)體，融體育(yu)、雜技、舞蹈為一(yi)爐。游動起來的(de)龍舞兼有粗獷、細膩、奔放(fang)、嚴整的(de)風格，通過(guo)這(zhe)種激情與哲理、娛樂教化合一(yi)的(de)舞蹈，人(ren)們(men)得(de)到了(le)感官和(he)心(xin)靈的(de)雙重滿足。浦(pu)江板凳(deng)龍是(shi)地道(dao)的(de)百(bai)姓(xing)文(wen)化，廣(guang)場(chang)性(xing)、廣(guang)泛性(xing)、驚險性(xing)為其主要特(te)征，其參加(jia)人(ren)數之多、活(huo)動場(chang)地之大，在(zai)(zai)同(tong)類(lei)形(xing)式中實屬罕見。

長興百葉龍

申報地區或(huo)單位(wei)：浙(zhe)江省長(chang)興縣

長(chang)興(xing)百(bai)葉龍發源并(bing)流傳于浙(zhe)江省長(chang)興(xing)縣林城鎮(zhen)一帶，至21世紀10年(nian)代已(yi)有(you)一百(bai)六十多年(nian)的(de)歷史。

傳統百葉龍(long)多(duo)在廟會及節慶時(shi)表演(yan)，先(xian)從“游四門”、“圓場”等隊形(xing)開(kai)始，當(dang)荷花燈聚成圓圈(quan)、相互連接以構(gou)成“龍(long)”形(xing)時(shi)，外圈(quan)舞隊熱烈舞蹈，以遮(zhe)引觀(guan)眾(zhong)視線；“龍(long)”一成形(xing)，即(ji)騰空(kong)躍(yue)起，眾(zhong)舞隊立時(shi)散開(kai)，突出百葉龍(long)，形(xing)成高潮。

百葉龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)表演方(fang)式(shi)(shi)也劃分為舞臺舞、行(xing)街舞、廣場舞等不(bu)同(tong)形式(shi)(shi)，且日趨(qu)復雜，以(yi)適應不(bu)同(tong)的(de)表演場合。其主(zhu)要(yao)隊形有(you)(you)長(chang)蛇陣、接(jie)龍(long)(long)(long)、踩四門、剪(jian)刀(dao)陣、走(zou)四角等，主(zhu)要(yao)動作有(you)(you)游(you)龍(long)(long)(long)、滾龍(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)盤柱、騰(teng)龍(long)(long)(long)、臥龍(long)(long)(long)、睡龍(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)出水、龍(long)(long)(long)吐須等。

百葉龍舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)表演時，荷(he)(he)花在瞬間(jian)突(tu)變(bian)成龍是其最顯著的(de)特點，由此(ci)將中國傳統的(de)舞(wu)龍轉化(hua)成龍舞(wu)，通(tong)過湖水(shui)蕩漾(yang)、荷(he)(he)葉擺動、荷(he)(he)花盛(sheng)開、彩蝶撲飛、荷(he)(he)花變(bian)龍、蛟(jiao)龍嬉戲、龍變(bian)荷(he)(he)花等動作和(he)情節，完成一個完整(zheng)的(de)舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)過程，展出(chu)江南水(shui)鄉的(de)絕(jue)美意境。

1957年(nian)(nian)，百葉龍榮(rong)獲第(di)二(er)屆(jie)全國(guo)民間(jian)音樂舞蹈(dao)匯演特(te)等獎，由周恩來總理(li)推薦參(can)加(jia)莫(mo)斯科“第(di)六屆(jie)世界青年(nian)(nian)大學生聯歡節”演出，榮(rong)獲金獎，2000年(nian)(nian)又獲“群(qun)星獎”舞蹈(dao)大賽金獎。

奉化布龍

申(shen)報地區或單(dan)位：浙江(jiang)省奉化市

奉化布龍(long)因(yin)起源和流布于(yu)浙江奉化而得名，是全(quan)國頗有影響的代表性龍(long)舞(wu)之(zhi)一。它由(you)敬神(shen)、請神(shen)、娛神(shen)的民間(jian)儀(yi)式(shi)逐(zhu)漸演變(bian)成為(wei)富有特色的民間(jian)舞(wu)蹈，迄今已有八(ba)百多年(nian)歷(li)史(shi)。

舞(wu)(wu)得(de)活、舞(wu)(wu)得(de)圓(yuan)、神態真、套(tao)路多(duo)、速度快是(shi)奉化布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)主要藝術(shu)特征。整個舞(wu)(wu)蹈由(you)盤(pan)、滾(gun)、游、翻、跳、戲等(deng)基本(ben)套(tao)路和(he)小游龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、大游龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)鉆尾等(deng)過渡動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)組成，舞(wu)(wu)者動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)矯健，舞(wu)(wu)姿變化多(duo)端(duan)，技藝嫻熟。所有(you)舞(wu)(wu)蹈動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)都在龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)游動(dong)(dong)(dong)中進行(xing)，能做到“形變龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)不停，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)走(zou)套(tao)路生”，“人(ren)緊龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)也圓(yuan)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)飛(fei)人(ren)亦舞(wu)(wu)”，造型(xing)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)，轉換巧妙，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)間的(de)銜接和(he)遞(di)進十(shi)分緊湊。由(you)于(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)輕，舞(wu)(wu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)起來速度快，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)圈(quan)環(huan)環(huan)相扣，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)緊緊纏(chan)繞。奉化布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)傳(chuan)統套(tao)路多(duo)達四十(shi)余個，為(wei)一般龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)所罕見，其中有(you)的(de)已被用作(zuo)國家體(ti)育舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)比賽的(de)規定動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，為(wei)大江南北的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)所移植(zhi)。

瀘州雨壇彩龍

申(shen)報地區或(huo)單(dan)位(wei)：四川省瀘(lu)縣(xian)

四川(chuan)瀘(lu)州雨(yu)壇彩龍(long)以其悠(you)久的歷史和(he)浪漫的龍(long)舞表演藝術(shu)被譽為“東方活(huo)龍(long)”。清(qing)光緒十八年左右，當地(di)(di)藝人將原(yuan)有的“草把龍(long)”改成彩龍(long)，到1919年，出(chu)現了第(di)一(yi)條雨(yu)壇彩龍(long)。自此(ci)每(mei)逢年節或婚喪嫁(jia)娶(qu)，當地(di)(di)百姓(xing)都要舞彩龍(long)。

雨壇彩龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)演重在一個“活”字(zi)，“人龍(long)(long)合(he)一”。表(biao)(biao)演時舞者(zhe)“動(dong)于中而形于外(wai)”，“心有(you)性(xing)情(qing)，手(shou)衍神色”，“手(shou)隨眼動(dong)，眼隨心動(dong)”。在川(chuan)劇(ju)打(da)擊樂(le)的(de)(de)伴(ban)奏(zou)下，龍(long)(long)與“寶”交織纏綿，緊(jin)緊(jin)呼應，在龍(long)(long)舞中對龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)個性(xing)特(te)征、生活情(qing)態進行(xing)生動(dong)的(de)(de)描摹。雨壇彩龍(long)(long)按連(lian)綿不斷的(de)(de)太(tai)極圖案(an)行(xing)進表(biao)(biao)演，套路變(bian)幻莫測，表(biao)(biao)演活潑靈動(dong)，變(bian)化多端，或脫(tuo)衣，或翻滾，或嘆氣，或擦癢，極顯龍(long)(long)之(zhi)性(xing)情(qing)。在此(ci)過程(cheng)中，舞者(zhe)與龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)情(qing)感融為一體(ti)。

在漫長的(de)表演(yan)實踐中，雨壇(tan)彩(cai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)傳人(ren)們不斷更新、豐富表演(yan)內(nei)容，形成(cheng)(cheng)了完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)表演(yan)套路和經(jing)典的(de)動(dong)作造型，如龍(long)(long)(long)(long)出洞、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)搶寶(bao)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)脫衣、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)背劍、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)嘆(tan)氣、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)砌塔、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)抱柱、黃龍(long)(long)(long)(long)滾(gun)、倒掛(gua)金鉤(gou)、太子騎龍(long)(long)(long)(long)等(deng)，最大(da)限(xian)度地(di)展示了人(ren)們對(dui)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)想象。以藝人(ren)羅銀坤(kun)等(deng)羅氏兄弟為代表，構成(cheng)(cheng)了雨壇(tan)彩(cai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)傳承人(ren)系統。在當代，這(zhe)個傳人(ren)系統大(da)大(da)拓(tuo)展，不僅有一批青(qing)年人(ren)加入，而且重慶、銅梁(liang)、成(cheng)(cheng)都等(deng)地(di)還派人(ren)來學藝，雨壇(tan)彩(cai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)流布區域由此得(de)到了擴(kuo)展。

河上板龍舞

河上板(ban)龍舞(wu)是(shi)民(min)間舞(wu)蹈形(xing)式, 是(shi)龍舞(wu)的(de)一種, 舞(wu)蹈形(xing)象為中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)的(de)圖(tu)騰(teng)———龍, 它集中(zhong)展現了蕭山(shan)民(min)間工(gong)藝的(de)精華(hua), 是(shi)蕭山(shan)民(min)間文化的(de)杰出代表。從(cong)南宋紹(shao)興二十九年(nian) (1159) 開始,至(zhi)2009年(nian)已有850余(yu)年(nian)歷史。

旦場人龍舞

電白(bai)旦場鎮旦場村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)起源于清朝雍正(zheng)年(nian)間，至今已(yi)有(you)(you)270多(duo)年(nian)歷史。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)里老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說，旦場村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)是(shi)這樣形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)：當(dang)時村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)池塘中游泳，覺(jue)得(de)純粹的(de)(de)游泳已(yi)缺乏趣(qu)味，于是(shi)分成(cheng)兩隊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)馬，舉行“戰(zhan)斗(dou)”。戰(zhan)斗(dou)的(de)(de)規(gui)則是(shi)：雙方都(dou)有(you)(you)大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)，大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)站在(zai)水(shui)中，將小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)托在(zai)肩上(shang)，讓小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)對打(da)，前面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)被打(da)到(dao)水(shui)中之后，后面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)迅速補上(shang)，繼(ji)續戰(zhan)斗(dou)，直到(dao)有(you)(you)一隊小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)被完(wan)全(quan)打(da)倒為止。后來人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們忽然(ran)想到(dao)現(xian)在(zai)這種形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)：大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)抬著仰臥的(de)(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)，一個接(jie)一個，組成(cheng)龍(long)身(shen)，前面(mian)(mian)一個小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)坐立(li)大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)肩上(shang)宛(wan)如(ru)龍(long)頭(tou)，這便是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)。在(zai)重(zhong)大節日(ri)，村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)民便自發組織成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)進行表演(yan)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)歷經200多(duo)年(nian)演(yan)變與(yu)(yu)改進，在(zai)動作、節奏、斗(dou)龍(long)技巧等方面(mian)(mian)日(ri)益完(wan)善(shan)。如(ru)今，旦場村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)年(nian)年(nian)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)”飛舞，鑼鼓喧(xuan)天(tian)，萬(wan)眾歡(huan)呼，給全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)帶來了歡(huan)樂與(yu)(yu)喜慶，使全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)呈現(xian)出一派繁榮與(yu)(yu)祥和的(de)(de)景象(xiang)。

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