芒果视频下载-完整视频播放

基本介紹

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)，也稱“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)又叫“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“耍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”或“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈”，在全國各(ge)地和(he)各(ge)民(min)族間(jian)(jian)(jian)廣泛分(fen)布，其形式品種的(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)，是任何其他民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)舞(wu)都無法比擬的(de)(de)。早在商代的(de)(de)甲骨文(wen)中，已出現(xian)以數(shu)(shu)人集體祭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)；漢(han)代董仲(zhong)舒《春(chun)秋(qiu)繁露》的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)中已有明確(que)的(de)(de)各(ge)種舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)求雨的(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)；此(ci)后歷朝(chao)歷代的(de)(de)詩文(wen)中記(ji)錄(lu)宮廷或民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)屢見不鮮。直至現(xian)在，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)仍是民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)喜慶節令場合普遍存在的(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈形式之一。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)最(zui)基本的(de)(de)表現(xian)手(shou)段是其道(dao)具(ju)造型、構圖變(bian)化和(he)動(dong)作套(tao)路。根據龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形道(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)扎(zha)制材料(liao)的(de)(de)不同(tong)，分(fen)為(wei)布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紗龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、錢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、棕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、百(bai)(bai)葉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、雞毛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)等(deng)等(deng)；北(bei)方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)制作一般高大(da)粗重，風格(ge)古樸(pu)剛勁；南方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)則(ze)精巧細致，活潑敏(min)捷。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)從色彩上可分(fen)為(wei)黃(huang)、白、青、紅、黑等(deng)，以黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)為(wei)尊(zun)貴。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)構圖和(he)動(dong)作一般具(ju)有“圓曲”、“翻滾”、“絞纏”、“穿插(cha)”、“竄躍”等(deng)特征。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)傳統表演(yan)程序(xu)一般為(wei)：“請龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“出龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”、“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”和(he)“送龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。民(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有“七八(ba)歲玩草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，十五六耍小龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，青壯年舞(wu)大(da)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”的(de)(de)說(shuo)法。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)人數(shu)(shu)少則(ze)一人舞(wu)雙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，多(duo)則(ze)百(bai)(bai)人舞(wu)一大(da)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。

龍是中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)騰(teng)和(he)信奉的(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先(xian)；龍舞是華(hua)(hua)夏精(jing)神的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)，它體現了中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)團結合(he)力(li)、奮發開拓的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神面(mian)貌(mao)，包含了天人(ren)和(he)諧、造福人(ren)類的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)內涵，是中(zhong)國人(ren)在(zai)吉慶和(he)祝福時(shi)節最常見的(de)(de)(de)娛樂方式，氣(qi)氛熱烈，催(cui)人(ren)振奮，是中(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)極(ji)為珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)遺產。

舞蹈特色

龍形道具

中(zhong)國漢族(zu)民間舞蹈，因舞蹈者持傳(chuan)說中(zhong)的(de)(de)龍形道具而得(de)名。龍的(de)(de)形象源于(yu)中(zhong)國古(gu)代圖(tu)騰(teng)，被視為民族(zu)的(de)(de)象征。傳(chuan)說中(zhong)龍能行云布(bu)雨，消災降福(fu)。于(yu)2006年列入首批(pi)《國家級非物質文化遺(yi)產名錄》，編號(hao)Ⅲ-4。流傳(chuan)較為廣泛的(de)(de)有：

1.龍燈

又(you)稱火龍(long)(long)、金龍(long)(long)。用竹篾和(he)綢布扎成龍(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)身（3～10節）和(he)龍(long)(long)尾(wei)，彩繪(hui)龍(long)(long)鱗，每節龍(long)(long)身中(zhong)都(dou)裝有燭燈(deng)。起(qi)舞時，一人手持彩燈(deng)（象(xiang)征寶珠(zhu)(zhu)）在前領舞，其他多人持龍(long)(long)頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)身和(he)龍(long)(long)尾(wei)下的木柄隨舞，表演“二龍(long)(long)戲珠(zhu)(zhu)”、“金龍(long)(long)蟠玉柱”等。龍(long)(long)燈(deng)多在節慶之夜(ye)舞弄(nong)，以(yi)鑼鼓、嗩吶伴(ban)奏，同時施放煙花(hua)爆竹，蔚為壯觀熱鬧。

2.草龍

南(nan)方農民在(zai)夏歷(li)五、六月(yue)間，用柳條、青藤、稻草等扎成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)形。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)插滿香火，傍(bang)晚以(yi)后(hou)在(zai)田(tian)間場院舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，看(kan)起來星(xing)火點點、香煙繚繞。過去多在(zai)鬧蟲災或干旱時的祭(ji)祀(si)活動中舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，有驅蟲、祈雨(yu)之意。此外還有些龍(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)不(bu)相(xiang)連(lian)結(jie)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)，如(ru)流(liu)行于浙江一(yi)帶的百(bai)葉(xie)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，是(shi)由(you)幾(ji)十盞甚至上(shang)(shang)百(bai)盞荷(he)花燈、荷(he)葉(xie)燈、蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈穿插串連(lian)而成(cheng)，大(da)荷(he)花燈作龍(long)(long)(long)(long)頭，蝴(hu)蝶(die)燈當(dang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)尾，來回穿梭游走。而江蘇(su)流(liu)行一(yi)種(zhong)段龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)尾都由(you)紅綢(chou)扎成(cheng)，輕盈(ying)優美，多由(you)婦女舞(wu)(wu)弄(nong)，魚貫(guan)走出許多隊形，猶如(ru)一(yi)條彩虹在(zai)空中蜿蜒。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)是(shi)中國傳(chuan)統節(jie)日中流(liu)行最(zui)廣的民間舞(wu)(wu)蹈，世界上(shang)(shang)華人聚居區也以(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)來表現(xian)社區傳(chuan)統文化。

根(gen)據龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形(xing)道具的(de)(de)(de)扎(zha)制材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)不同，分為布龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紗(sha)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、紙龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、錢龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、棕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳(deng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、百葉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、雞毛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)等等；北方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞的(de)(de)(de)制作一(yi)般(ban)高大粗重(zhong)，風格古樸剛(gang)勁；南方龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞則精巧細(xi)致，活潑敏捷。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞從色彩(cai)上可分為黃(huang)、白、青、紅、黑等，以黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最為尊貴。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)舞的(de)(de)(de)構圖(tu)和動作一(yi)般(ban)具有“圓曲”、“翻滾”、“絞纏”、“穿插”、“竄躍”等特(te)征。

表演形式

龍(long)(long)舞的表(biao)演場地是城(cheng)鎮廣場，社(she)區，區域較大(da)(da)(da)的地方(fang)。龍(long)(long)舞的傳統表(biao)演程(cheng)序一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)：“請龍(long)(long)”、“出龍(long)(long)”、“舞龍(long)(long)”和(he)“送(song)龍(long)(long)”。民間有“七八歲(sui)玩草龍(long)(long)，十五六耍(shua)小(xiao)龍(long)(long)，青壯年(nian)舞大(da)(da)(da)龍(long)(long)”的說法。舞龍(long)(long)人數少則一(yi)(yi)人舞雙龍(long)(long)，多則百人舞一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)龍(long)(long)。

服飾

龍(long)舞表演多以(yi)男性演員為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，演員的服(fu)飾是圓領白色(se)(se)(se)緊身衣(yi)，上衣(yi)扣子為(wei)(wei)褐色(se)(se)(se)，形(xing)狀(zhuang)似(si)云朵狀(zhuang)。扣子兩邊有龍(long)狀(zhuang)花紋，袖(xiu)口處(chu)有如(ru)龍(long)身鱗片花樣(yang)，腰(yao)間(jian)扎有紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)綢帶。頭裹白色(se)(se)(se)羊肚毛(mao)巾(jin)，下身穿淺黃色(se)(se)(se)緊腿(tui)褲，腳蹬云頭布鞋，妝(zhuang)容多以(yi)薄粉敷面。

音樂

龍舞(wu)(wu)在運動過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)離不開(kai)鼓點樂(le)器的(de)搭配，音樂(le)在舞(wu)(wu)龍過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)有著重要(yao)的(de)地位，演奏風格(ge)具有民族傳統性(xing)。其旋律、節(jie)奏與(yu)火(huo)龍舞(wu)(wu)的(de)動作、造型畫面和諧一(yi)致(zhi)，主要(yao)以(yi)打擊(ji)(ji)樂(le)的(de)伴奏形式為主。在鼓點的(de)襯托下(xia)，使龍舞(wu)(wu)表(biao)現(xian)生機(ji)勃勃。伴奏樂(le)器多以(yi)鑼、鼓、镲等打擊(ji)(ji)樂(le)為主，樂(le)隊鼓點無固定模(mo)式，以(yi)舞(wu)(wu)者舞(wu)(wu)龍情緒調(diao)整節(jie)奏快慢變化，屬于即興演奏。鼓點音樂(le)使火(huo)龍舞(wu)(wu)表(biao)演顯(xian)得活(huo)靈活(huo)現(xian)，振奮人(ren)心。火(huo)龍舞(wu)(wu)表(biao)演時(shi)，樂(le)隊由四到(dao)六人(ren)組(zu)成(cheng)，每(mei)個人(ren)的(de)職能不同，其中(zhong)鼓主要(yao)敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)主要(yao)節(jie)奏，鑼主要(yao)敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)重音，镲是每(mei)拍子敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)一(yi)次(ci)，音樂(le)在基本鼓點與(yu)曲譜(pu)下(xia)反復，直(zhi)到(dao)與(yu)動作完成(cheng)為止。

基本動作

龍(long)(long)(long)舞中的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)，由(you)龍(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)尾(wei)構成，龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)較長，是龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)主體。在制(zhi)作這(zhe)種表(biao)演的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)時，用竹篾或者(zhe)鐵絲為(wei)架子，外(wai)面(mian)抹上紙或者(zhe)是布，龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)節與節之(zhi)間，用布縫成筒狀連接，然后彩(cai)繪(hui)其形。龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)、龍(long)(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)(long)尾(wei)制(zhi)成后，在龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)每節中部插置蠟(la)梗，下部安(an)置木柄，供表(biao)演的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)用手抓(zhua)握。

龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)在開(kai)始表演(yan)時，由許多(duo)人每(mei)人各舉一節木柄，左(zuo)右揮舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，使龍(long)(long)體(ti)在空中悠悠蠕動。一般是一手在上，一手在下(xia)，兩手相距四(si)十厘米。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)表演(yan)者在舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈過程中，可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)時調動雙手之(zhi)間的距離。雙手執桿(gan)運動路線以(yi)繞八字(zi)為主。除(chu)此以(yi)外，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈過程中常有倒(dao)把(ba)動作(zuo)，主要包括(kuo)上倒(dao)把(ba)和下(xia)倒(dao)把(ba)。指揮演(yan)員的執桿(gan)方法(fa)與(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)。夜晚舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)時，要點燃(ran)龍(long)(long)體(ti)內的蠟燭，輔(fu)以(yi)彩燈(deng)(deng)、蓮花燈(deng)(deng)等(deng)各式花燈(deng)(deng)，同(tong)時施放煙火、爆竹(zhu)，造成一定(ding)的聲勢，吸引觀眾，使龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)呈現(xian)出不同(tong)凡響的風(feng)彩來。

火龍(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)基本(ben)步(bu)(bu)法主要是跑(pao)碎(sui)步(bu)(bu)，隨著音(yin)樂的(de)(de)高潮(chao)以及(ji)舞(wu)龍(long)的(de)(de)幅度(du)控(kong)制步(bu)(bu)伐(fa)。由于龍(long)舞(wu)是由多(duo)人組成的(de)(de)隊伍，因此要配合(he)默契，步(bu)(bu)伐(fa)統一。火龍(long)舞(wu)運動量很大(da)，不同的(de)(de)動作大(da)部分都是在(zai)跑(pao)碎(sui)步(bu)(bu)中(zhong)完成的(de)(de)。

傳承價值與現狀

對中國古典舞的影響

中(zhong)國古(gu)典(dian)舞(wu)(wu)是(shi)在(zai)提(ti)煉(lian)中(zhong)國戲(xi)曲(qu)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)和武術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，吸收中(zhong)國傳統文化(hua)之(zhi)精(jing)髓(sui)，并(bing)融(rong)合多種藝(yi)術(shu)形式發展演(yan)變而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)菹，它是(shi)中(zhong)華民族文化(hua)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)結晶(jing)。從它的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本動律(lv)、舞(wu)(wu)姿形態及運動軌跡(ji)來看，其(qi)(qi)體(ti)勢，總呈現為(wei)一種回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)態，回旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)態即(ji)“ 圓(yuan)(yuan)” 一— “轉”的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態，這種狀(zhuang)態是(shi)中(zhong)國古(gu)典(dian)舞(wu)(wu)動律(lv)形態與身法最顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特點，故中(zhong)國古(gu)典(dian)舞(wu)(wu)被稱為(wei)“劃圓(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)” 。在(zai)長期的(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)實(shi)踐中(zhong)，中(zhong)國古(gu)典(dian)舞(wu)(wu)始終(zhong)與“圓(yuan)(yuan)” 有著(zhu)密不可分的(de)(de)(de)關系，即(ji)“ 萬變不離(li)其(qi)(qi)圓(yuan)(yuan)”，并(bing)在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)形成(cheng)了以"擰、傾(qing)、圓(yuan)(yuan)、曲(qu)"為(wei)核(he)心的(de)(de)(de)動律(lv)形態。

而在(zai)“ 龍(long)(long)舞(wu)” 表演中，以單龍(long)(long)為例，龍(long)(long)舞(wu)開始(shi)(shi)時總是(shi)先(xian)繞場一兩周一—圓場，勾(gou)畫出一個(ge)圓形(xing)無極圖，然后開始(shi)(shi)耍(shua)龍(long)(long)，舞(wu)龍(long)(long)隊伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)成員將(jiang)龍(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)身(shen)、龍(long)(long)尾依(yi)次先(xian)后從上而下(xia)劃8字，形(xing)成整個(ge)龍(long)(long)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)S 形(xing)游動，《百(bai)戲竹枝詞· 龍(long)(long)燈斗(dou)》詩題解說：其龍(long)(long)燈” 以竹蔑為之，外覆(fu)以紗，婉蜓之勢亦復可(ke)觀(guan)。“龍(long)(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動形(xing)態(tai)(tai)非常(chang)明顯地(di)呈現為一種循環變化、婉蜓曲(qu)折的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)(tai)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)(tai)可(ke)以用一個(ge)字來概括，就是(shi)“回(hui)” 。除此之外，在(zai)中國古典(dian)舞(wu)袖(xiu)(xiu)舞(wu)中，身(shen)袖(xiu)(xiu)不可(ke)分，水袖(xiu)(xiu)借助身(shen)休的(de)(de)(de)(de)"擰、傾、圓、曲(qu)”和住復回(hui)旋如龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動勢，才能有“ 長(chang)袖(xiu)(xiu)以隧回(hui)"，故中國古典(dian)舞(wu)袖(xiu)(xiu)舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“ 身(shen)袖(xiu)(xiu)合一“ 體現著龍(long)(long)舞(wu)" 回(hui)”之意象的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式美。

文化價值

“ 龍舞(wu)” 作為“龍文化” 藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)．是(shi)在(zai)幾千年歷史(shi)發展過程中(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)們(men)所(suo)創造出來的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)、中(zhong)(zhong)國文化、華(hua)(hua)夏精神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)象征。“龍舞(wu)”是(shi)以一種崇(chong)(chong)高的(de)(de)(de)美和神(shen)奇(qi)的(de)(de)(de)美傳達行人(ren)們(men)內心的(de)(de)(de)愿望和希冀，表(biao)現(xian)著人(ren)們(men)對(dui)(dui)龍圖騰(teng)、對(dui)(dui)生命、對(dui)(dui)宇宙的(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)(chong)拜(bai)，龍文化既體現(xian)了“天人(ren)和諧”的(de)(de)(de)文化內涵，也體現(xian)了華(hua)(hua)夏人(ren)民(min)(min)繼承(cheng)與發揚的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)精神(shen)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)優(you)秀(xiu)傳統文化之一。

舞龍(long)(long)是(shi)對龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)象化和具體(ti)化，其表(biao)現形(xing)(xing)式受(shou)它所要表(biao)達(da)對象的(de)(de)限制，因(yin)而，舞龍(long)(long)表(biao)演形(xing)(xing)式是(shi)隨著(zhu)龍(long)(long)形(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)而發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)。如今呈現所的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)”，是(shi)最完美的(de)(de)中(zhong)國現代(dai)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)象，與(yu)(yu)古代(dai)龍(long)(long)有著(zhu)巨大差異。“龍(long)(long)”的(de)(de)外部形(xing)(xing)態由(you)春秋(qiu)前的(de)(de)匍匐爬狀、結構粗糙、蛇身獸(shou)頭(tou)到戰國以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)剛健有力、結構復雜，再(zai)到宋(song)代(dai)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)蜿蜒多姿，通體(ti)華美；其氣(qi)勢(shi)上從春秋(qiu)前的(de)(de)粗野(ye)與(yu)(yu)狂放(fang)、暴(bao)力與(yu)(yu)恐怖到戰國以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)不(bu)可一世的(de)(de)蓬勃之勢(shi)，再(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)到宋(song)以(yi)后(hou)其保留(liu)不(bu)可一世的(de)(de)豪氣(qi)，退卻了原本的(de)(de)剛猛。通過勞動人民的(de)(de)聰智才慧，“龍(long)(long)”的(de)(de)外形(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)神韻不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)(yu)豐富，創造出了一條活(huo)靈(ling)活(huo)現，氣(qi)勢(shi)蓬勃的(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)”。

主要流派的價值與現狀

銅梁龍舞(wu)有與民(min)俗(su)活動緊密相連、套路豐富、動律諧趣的特點，伴奏音樂獨特，道具構思巧妙，造型夸張，服飾儉樸大方，舞(wu)者參(can)舞(wu)自(zi)由，退(tui)舞(wu)方便(bian)，有群眾(zhong)參(can)與性。

銅梁龍(long)舞體現了團結合力、造福人(ren)類、奮發(fa)向(xiang)上、與天和(he)諧的(de)精神，同時具有娛神娛人(ren)、彰(zhang)顯威力等社(she)會(hui)功(gong)能。銅梁龍(long)舞聞名于世的(de)僅(jin)大蠕龍(long)、火(huo)龍(long)等少數品(pin)種(zhong)，多數龍(long)舞品(pin)種(zhong)已處于瀕危境地，亟待保(bao)護和(he)拯(zheng)救。

湛江人龍舞逐漸失去了往日的吸引力，處于衰落狀(zhuang)態，為保護民間文化遺產，有(you)必要(yao)對(dui)它進行(xing)盡快(kuai)搶救和整理。

浦江(jiang)板凳(deng)龍(long)保留(liu)了中國尤其是浙(zhe)中和江(jiang)南沿海(hai)(hai)一帶“龍(long)信仰”的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)文化傳統，融匯了書畫、剪紙等民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)形(xing)態，傳承(cheng)了群(qun)眾(zhong)體(ti)育和廣場舞蹈的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術形(xing)式，具(ju)有(you)民(min)俗、歷史研究價值和民(min)間(jian)工(gong)藝(yi)傳承(cheng)功能，在浦江(jiang)和浙(zhe)中及江(jiang)南沿海(hai)(hai)一帶產生了深遠而廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。但時代變遷所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)沖擊也不可避免(mian)地降臨(lin)在浦江(jiang)板凳(deng)龍(long)身上(shang)，使它的(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)陷入窘境，亟待搶救與保護。

長興(xing)百(bai)(bai)葉龍作(zuo)為中國(guo)漢民(min)族一(yi)種獨特的民(min)間(jian)舞蹈，具有極高的藝術(shu)價(jia)值。時代的變遷給(gei)長興(xing)百(bai)(bai)葉龍的有序傳(chuan)承帶來(lai)了(le)影響，使這(zhe)一(yi)寶貴的民(min)間(jian)藝術(shu)形式面臨(lin)生(sheng)存(cun)危機。為保護、傳(chuan)承百(bai)(bai)葉龍藝術(shu)，長興(xing)地方政府未雨綢繆，采取了(le)一(yi)系列有效措施，一(yi)個保護地方文化(hua)資(zi)源、共創(chuang)特色文化(hua)品(pin)牌的良好氛圍正在形成。

奉化(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)龍的文化(hua)(hua)價值較突出，且民(min)(min)間流布(bu)(bu)的生態環境(jing)面臨潛在(zai)的危機，故地方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)已(yi)將它率先列入(ru)(ru)保護范(fan)疇。1990年，奉化(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)龍入(ru)(ru)選(xuan)《中國民(min)(min)族民(min)(min)間舞蹈集成（浙江卷(juan)）》；1996年，奉化(hua)(hua)市(shi)被文化(hua)(hua)部(bu)命名為“中國民(min)(min)間藝(yi)術之鄉”；2005年，奉化(hua)(hua)布(bu)(bu)龍被浙江省政(zheng)府(fu)列入(ru)(ru)首批(pi)非物質文化(hua)(hua)遺產代表作(zuo)名錄(lu)。

瀘州雨壇彩龍(long)的(de)(de)龍(long)頭造(zao)型(xing)獨特，主要依據(ju)瀘縣全(quan)國重點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)龍(long)腦橋的(de)(de)龍(long)頭設計，額高，嘴短，雙目突出可動，下頜開合自如，形象既威武有(you)神，又憨愚可親。龍(long)身用(yong)(yong)竹篾扎(zha)制成(cheng)骨架，分組分節，可長可短。整個龍(long)身用(yong)(yong)竹篾扎(zha)成(cheng)圈，相互串聯，套上龍(long)衣(yi)后靈活多變。龍(long)尾也區別于一般的(de)(de)火炬(ju)尾、蛇(she)形尾，呈鰱魚狀(zhuang)，極富情趣。時下，雨壇彩龍(long)同樣(yang)面臨新時代的(de)(de)挑戰，急需建立保(bao)護和傳承機(ji)制。

傳承保護措施

1.加強政府的主導作用

面(mian)對市場化經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發(fa)展, 在龍(long)舞(wu)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)民間傳(chuan)統(tong)體(ti)育項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護過程(cheng)中, 當地政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導作用這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)角(jiao)色是不容質疑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。政府(fu)方面(mian)需要用銳利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光深入(ru)挖(wa)掘龍(long)舞(wu)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)民間傳(chuan)統(tong)體(ti)育項目(mu), 做好龍(long)舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護工(gong)(gong)作，在政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導下，成立(li)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)舞(wu)表演(yan)和比賽隊伍，將(jiang)舞(wu)龍(long)工(gong)(gong)作升級為職業(ye)化，以(yi)舞(wu)龍(long)為生(sheng)。應該注(zhu)意并(bing)處理好文(wen)化保(bao)護和經濟開發(fa)兩方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系, 避免龍(long)經濟吞食龍(long)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悲劇發(fa)生(sheng)。

2.提高民眾參與的積極性、融入社區活動

龍(long)舞(wu)是(shi)發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)民間(jian)、成長于(yu)民間(jian)的傳統體育項目, 保(bao)護和發(fa)展(zhan)龍(long)舞(wu)也理應充分結合民間(jian)特色，充分與大眾生(sheng)活相結合；也理應注(zhu)重(zhong)調(diao)動(dong)大眾參與的積(ji)極(ji)性, 以擴大其民間(jian)影響力。

3.推動火龍燈舞走入校園

教育作(zuo)為(wei)民族文化(hua)傳(chuan)承的(de)(de)(de)重要途徑, 在培養民族文化(hua)認同感(gan)中具有關鍵性的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，當(dang)代青少年是(shi)民族優(you)秀文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)繼承者、傳(chuan)播者和創造者, 也是(shi)中國特色社會主義的(de)(de)(de)建設者，中華民族偉(wei)大復興的(de)(de)(de)擔(dan)當(dang)者。將“龍舞”推廣(guang)進入(ru)當(dang)地學(xue)校，通過組建校園表演(yan)隊的(de)(de)(de)方式，參與校內外(wai)各種文化(hua)節日(ri)活(huo)動(dong)，借鑒(jian)以學(xue)校為(wei)主體，以古鎮為(wei)中心(xin)，輻射四(si)周地域為(wei)方向的(de)(de)(de)重要載體, 擴(kuo)大龍文化(hua)影(ying)響力。

4.做好關于火龍燈舞文化的宣傳和對外交流工作

作(zuo)為民間(jian)(jian)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產保護(hu)之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍舞，要以其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)特色不(bu)斷加強(qiang)與不(bu)同地域、不(bu)同文(wen)化(hua)類型(xing)、不(bu)同民間(jian)(jian)活動之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)與合作(zuo),吸收借鑒(jian)不(bu)同文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精髓，促(cu)進(jin)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)融(rong)與渲染同時也(ye)要擴(kuo)大(da)火龍燈(deng)舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會影(ying)響(xiang)和(he)文(wen)化(hua)吸引力(li)。深入挖掘龍舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)文(wen)化(hua)特色, 并利(li)用現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞臺藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)包裝手段, 讓民間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)充(chong)分走上現代舞臺，走進(jin)民眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活。

主要流派

銅梁龍舞

申(shen)報地區或單(dan)位：重慶市

銅梁(liang)龍(long)(long)舞系流傳于(yu)重慶市銅梁(liang)縣境內的(de)一種以(yi)龍(long)(long)為(wei)主要道具的(de)舞蹈藝(yi)術形式(shi)。它(ta)興起于(yu)明，鼎盛于(yu)清(qing)，在當代重放異(yi)彩，飲譽全(quan)球。

銅梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈舞和彩(cai)燈舞兩大(da)系列。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)燈舞主(zhu)要包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)大(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、火龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、稻草龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、筍(sun)殼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、黃(huang)荊(jing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、板凳龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、正龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、小(xiao)彩(cai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、竹梆龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、荷(he)花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)十個品種(zhong)，其中以(yi)大(da)蠕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)最有(you)特(te)色(se)。彩(cai)燈舞主(zhu)要包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)魚躍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)門、泥(ni)鰍吃(chi)湯圓、三條、十八學士、亮獅(shi)、開山虎、蚌殼精、犀(xi)牛望(wang)月(yue)、豬啃南瓜、高臺龍(long)(long)(long)(long)獅(shi)舞、雁塔(ta)題名、南瓜棚(peng)十二個品種(zhong)。

湛江人龍舞

申報地區或(huo)單位：廣東省湛江市

廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)東(dong)(dong)山鎮(zhen)東(dong)(dong)山圩村(cun)的人龍(long)(long)(long)舞素有“東(dong)(dong)方(fang)一(yi)絕”的美稱。表演時，幾(ji)十至數百名(ming)青壯年和(he)少年均穿短褲，以人體相(xiang)接，組成(cheng)一(yi)條(tiao)“長龍(long)(long)(long)”。在鑼鼓震(zhen)天、號(hao)角齊鳴中(zhong)，“長龍(long)(long)(long)”龍(long)(long)(long)頭高昂，龍(long)(long)(long)身翻騰，龍(long)(long)(long)尾勁(jing)擺，一(yi)如(ru)蛟龍(long)(long)(long)出(chu)海(hai)(hai)，排山倒海(hai)(hai)，勢不(bu)可擋(dang)，顯現出(chu)獨特的海(hai)(hai)島(dao)色彩(cai)和(he)濃(nong)厚的鄉土氣息，是東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)島(dao)乃至雷州半島(dao)經(jing)久不(bu)衰的民(min)間風(feng)俗和(he)大型(xing)廣(guang)場(chang)娛樂活動的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。每(mei)逢(feng)春節(jie)、元宵、中(zhong)秋佳(jia)節(jie)和(he)一(yi)些重大喜(xi)慶節(jie)日(ri)，東(dong)(dong)山圩村(cun)必連(lian)舞幾(ji)個(ge)晚上“人龍(long)(long)(long)”，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩街(jie)戶戶張燈結彩(cai)，家家傾(qing)巢而出(chu)，人流如(ru)潮(chao)，熱鬧非(fei)凡。

據(ju)藝人傳(chuan)說，人龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)大約(yue)始于明(ming)末，被清(qing)軍(jun)(jun)打敗的(de)(de)明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)撤退到雷州半島(dao)和(he)東海(hai)島(dao)，適逢(feng)中(zhong)秋，地(di)(di)方百姓為鼓舞(wu)(wu)明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)士氣(qi)(qi)，編排了(le)這個舞(wu)(wu)蹈。此(ci)后人龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)便在(zai)這里流傳(chuan)開來，至清(qing)乾嘉時達(da)于鼎盛。人龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)是東海(hai)島(dao)特殊(shu)社會歷史(shi)因素與地(di)(di)域自然條件的(de)(de)產物，它將古(gu)海(hai)島(dao)群眾娛龍(long)(long)、敬龍(long)(long)、祭(ji)海(hai)、尊祖、奉神(shen)等多種風(feng)俗融入“人龍(long)(long)”之(zhi)中(zhong)，形(xing)成了(le)自創一(yi)體、獨(du)具一(yi)格(ge)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)表(biao)演(yan)形(xing)式(shi)和(he)“人龍(long)(long)”精神(shen)。湛江人龍(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)有起龍(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)點頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)穿云、龍(long)(long)卷浪(lang)等獨(du)具特色的(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)程(cheng)式(shi)，表(biao)演(yan)者練就了(le)快速(su)托人上(shang)肩的(de)(de)穩健動作和(he)步法(fa)，隊(dui)形(xing)流暢多變，動作一(yi)氣(qi)(qi)呵成，遠望動感十(shi)足，近觀粗獷雄壯，成為中(zhong)華龍(long)(long)文化延伸與發展的(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分(fen)。

汕尾滾地金龍

申(shen)報地(di)區(qu)或單(dan)位：廣東省汕(shan)尾市

根據廣東(dong)(dong)省汕尾市南(nan)(nan)溪村(cun)老人黃(huang)天(tian)樞(shu)藏書中的(de)記載和部分知情者的(de)敘述，“滾(gun)地金(jin)龍(long)(long)”始創于南(nan)(nan)宋，明嘉靖年間(jian)，黃(huang)氏光昭公一支(zhi)從福建漳(zhang)州移居廣東(dong)(dong)陸豐南(nan)(nan)溪村(cun)，帶來《滾(gun)地金(jin)龍(long)(long)演史傳(chuan)》的(de)傳(chuan)本。黃(huang)氏南(nan)(nan)溪“滾(gun)地金(jin)龍(long)(long)”繁(fan)衍了十七代。后來由該村(cun)的(de)金(jin)龍(long)(long)藝師、傳(chuan)統武術師傳(chuan)到陸豐潭西鎮(zhen)深溝村(cun)，大(da)安(an)鎮(zhen)的(de)安(an)博、下安(an)聯、頂潭、安(an)塘(tang)村(cun)，西南(nan)(nan)鎮(zhen)的(de)兩軍、下村(cun)，陸豐城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)的(de)上神山村(cun)等地。

南溪村“滾地(di)金龍”表演時，由(you)二人(ren)鉆入“龍身被套(tao)”，一人(ren)舞龍頭，一人(ren)舞龍尾。整個表演過(guo)程(cheng)分(fen)為“開場見禮”、“打圍巡洞”、“游潭戲(xi)水”、“抻筋洗(xi)鱗”、“伏蟄聞(wen)雷(lei)”、“迎雷(lei)起舞”、“駕云飛(fei)騰(teng)”、“收場還禮”八(ba)個舞段(duan)，表演中模仿的龍旋舞飛(fei)騰(teng)、戲(xi)水嬉耍、沉思(si)奮醒(xing)、柔靜盤曲、勇猛奮進等(deng)動作(zuo)。伴奏(zou)(zou)用威武雄(xiong)壯(zhuang)、嘹(liao)亮開闊的海陸豐正字戲(xi)的“牌子大鑼鼓(gu)”，大嗩(suo)吶按(an)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的表演情節吹奏(zou)(zou)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的曲調，有【宮娥怨】、【哭皇天(tian)】、【山坡(po)羊】、【八(ba)板(ban)頭】等(deng)曲牌。表情豐富、套(tao)路眾多、舞段(duan)精彩、技藝(yi)兼(jian)善(shan)是這個舞蹈的基本特點。

1996年，南溪村被廣東省文化廳授予“民族(zu)民間藝術(shu)之鄉”稱(cheng)號(hao)，滾地金龍被編入(ru)《中國舞蹈志》，并在國家和省級地區的(de)重大活動中多次獲獎。

浦江板凳龍

申報地區或單位(wei)：浙江省浦(pu)江縣

浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣位于(yu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)部偏西，金華市北部。據浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)白馬鎮夏張(zhang)村張(zhang)姓族譜載(zai)，自唐朝始，“龍騰燈(deng)舞鬧元宵”便成了浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)民間的習俗，浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣志中(zhong)稱之為(wei)“燈(deng)節”。浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)板凳(deng)龍盛行于(yu)浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)縣鄉村，廣泛流傳(chuan)于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)南沿(yan)海各地(di)。綜觀(guan)浦(pu)江(jiang)(jiang)板凳(deng)龍的傳(chuan)承(cheng)發展，唐代為(wei)其(qi)(qi)孕育期(qi)，宋、元為(wei)其(qi)(qi)成熟(shu)期(qi)，明(ming)、清為(wei)其(qi)(qi)鼎(ding)盛期(qi)；中(zhong)華人民共和國成立后，尤其(qi)(qi)是改(gai)革開放以(yi)后，為(wei)其(qi)(qi)弘揚傳(chuan)承(cheng)期(qi)。

從構(gou)造(zao)上看，浦江板凳龍(long)(long)由(you)龍(long)(long)頭、龍(long)(long)身（子燈）、龍(long)(long)尾(wei)三部分組(zu)成(cheng)，俗(su)稱長燈。根據龍(long)(long)頭造(zao)型(xing)，可分仰天龍(long)(long)、俯地龍(long)(long)、大蝦龍(long)(long)等類別(bie)。因(yin)凳板（龍(long)(long)身）上的設置(zhi)造(zao)型(xing)不同，亦有方燈、酒壇(tan)燈、字燈等十一(yi)種不同的形態。每逢節日或重(zhong)大慶(qing)典興燈，以麥餅團、剪(jian)刀(dao)箍、甩尾(wei)巴為(wei)主要表(biao)演陣式(shi)。

浦江板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)，顧名思義就是一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)用單個(ge)板(ban)凳(deng)串聯而成的(de)游動(dong)的(de)龍(long)燈，它(ta)讓人(ren)們充分感受到廣(guang)場(chang)民間(jian)舞蹈(dao)氣(qi)勢(shi)恢宏、剛強柔美的(de)特征，在(zai)鑼(luo)聲、號角、銃聲震天，喝彩聲此起彼(bi)伏的(de)氛圍中(zhong)接受和(he)(he)領悟娛(yu)己娛(yu)人(ren)的(de)生活習俗(su)和(he)(he)敬天順人(ren)的(de)民眾信仰。一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)浦江板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)幾乎就是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)藝術(shu)綜合體，它(ta)集書法、繪(hui)畫、剪紙、刻(ke)花、雕塑(su)藝術(shu)和(he)(he)扎制編糊(hu)工藝為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體，融體育(yu)、雜技、舞蹈(dao)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)爐。游動(dong)起來的(de)龍(long)舞兼有粗獷(guang)、細膩、奔(ben)放、嚴整(zheng)的(de)風格，通過這種激情(qing)與(yu)哲理、娛(yu)樂教化合一(yi)(yi)的(de)舞蹈(dao)，人(ren)們得到了感官和(he)(he)心靈(ling)的(de)雙重滿足。浦江板(ban)凳(deng)龍(long)是地道的(de)百姓(xing)文化，廣(guang)場(chang)性(xing)、廣(guang)泛性(xing)、驚(jing)險性(xing)為(wei)其(qi)主要(yao)特征，其(qi)參加人(ren)數之多、活動(dong)場(chang)地之大，在(zai)同類形式中(zhong)實屬罕(han)見。

長興百葉龍

申報地區或(huo)單位：浙江省長興縣

長(chang)興百葉龍發源并流傳于浙江省(sheng)長(chang)興縣林城鎮一(yi)(yi)帶，至(zhi)21世(shi)紀(ji)10年代已有(you)一(yi)(yi)百六十多(duo)年的(de)歷史。

傳統百(bai)(bai)葉(xie)龍多在廟(miao)會及(ji)節慶時表(biao)演，先從“游四門”、“圓場”等隊形開(kai)始(shi)，當荷(he)花燈聚成(cheng)(cheng)圓圈、相互連接(jie)以構成(cheng)(cheng)“龍”形時，外圈舞隊熱烈舞蹈，以遮引觀(guan)眾(zhong)視線；“龍”一(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)形，即騰空躍起，眾(zhong)舞隊立時散開(kai)，突(tu)出百(bai)(bai)葉(xie)龍，形成(cheng)(cheng)高潮。

百葉龍(long)(long)(long)的表演方式也劃分為(wei)舞(wu)(wu)臺舞(wu)(wu)、行街舞(wu)(wu)、廣場舞(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)同形式，且日趨復雜，以適(shi)應不(bu)(bu)同的表演場合。其(qi)主(zhu)要隊形有(you)長蛇陣(zhen)、接龍(long)(long)(long)、踩四門、剪刀陣(zhen)、走四角等(deng)(deng)，主(zhu)要動作有(you)游龍(long)(long)(long)、滾龍(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)盤柱、騰(teng)龍(long)(long)(long)、臥龍(long)(long)(long)、睡龍(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)出水、龍(long)(long)(long)吐須(xu)等(deng)(deng)。

百葉龍(long)(long)舞蹈表演時，荷(he)花(hua)(hua)在瞬間突變(bian)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)是其(qi)最顯(xian)著的(de)特點，由(you)此將(jiang)中國傳(chuan)統的(de)舞龍(long)(long)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)舞，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)湖水(shui)蕩漾、荷(he)葉擺動、荷(he)花(hua)(hua)盛開、彩蝶撲飛(fei)、荷(he)花(hua)(hua)變(bian)龍(long)(long)、蛟龍(long)(long)嬉(xi)戲、龍(long)(long)變(bian)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)等動作和(he)情節(jie)，完成(cheng)一個(ge)完整的(de)舞蹈過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，展出江南水(shui)鄉的(de)絕(jue)美意境(jing)。

1957年(nian)，百(bai)葉龍榮獲(huo)第二(er)屆全(quan)國(guo)民間音(yin)樂舞蹈匯演(yan)特等獎，由周恩來(lai)總理推薦參(can)加莫斯科“第六屆世界青年(nian)大學(xue)生聯歡節”演(yan)出，榮獲(huo)金(jin)獎，2000年(nian)又獲(huo)“群星獎”舞蹈大賽金(jin)獎。

奉化布龍

申報地區或單(dan)位(wei)：浙江(jiang)省奉(feng)化市

奉化(hua)布龍(long)因起(qi)源和流布于浙江奉化(hua)而得名，是(shi)全國頗有影(ying)響(xiang)的代表(biao)性龍(long)舞之一。它由敬神(shen)、請神(shen)、娛神(shen)的民間儀式逐(zhu)漸演變成為富有特色的民間舞蹈，迄今(jin)已有八百多(duo)年歷史。

舞(wu)(wu)得活、舞(wu)(wu)得圓、神態真、套(tao)(tao)路(lu)(lu)多(duo)、速度快是(shi)奉(feng)(feng)化布(bu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)主要藝(yi)術特征。整(zheng)個(ge)舞(wu)(wu)蹈由盤、滾、游(you)、翻、跳、戲等(deng)基本(ben)套(tao)(tao)路(lu)(lu)和(he)小游(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、大(da)(da)游(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)鉆尾(wei)等(deng)過渡(du)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)組成，舞(wu)(wu)者動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)矯健，舞(wu)(wu)姿變化多(duo)端，技藝(yi)嫻熟。所有舞(wu)(wu)蹈動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)都在龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)游(you)動(dong)中進(jin)(jin)行，能做到“形(xing)變龍(long)(long)(long)(long)不停，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)走套(tao)(tao)路(lu)(lu)生(sheng)”，“人(ren)(ren)緊(jin)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)也圓，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)飛人(ren)(ren)亦舞(wu)(wu)”，造型生(sheng)動(dong)，轉換(huan)巧妙(miao)，動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)間的(de)銜接和(he)遞進(jin)(jin)十分緊(jin)湊。由于(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)身輕，舞(wu)(wu)動(dong)起來速度快，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)圈(quan)環環相扣，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)身緊(jin)緊(jin)纏繞。奉(feng)(feng)化布(bu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)傳統套(tao)(tao)路(lu)(lu)多(duo)達(da)四十余(yu)個(ge)，為一般龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)所罕見，其中有的(de)已被用作(zuo)(zuo)國家體育舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)比賽的(de)規定動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)，為大(da)(da)江南(nan)北的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)(wu)所移(yi)植。

瀘州雨壇彩龍

申(shen)報地區或單位：四川省瀘縣

四川瀘州雨壇彩(cai)(cai)龍(long)以(yi)其(qi)悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)歷史和浪漫的(de)龍(long)舞(wu)表演藝術被譽為(wei)“東方活龍(long)”。清光緒十八年左右，當地(di)藝人(ren)將原有的(de)“草把龍(long)”改成彩(cai)(cai)龍(long)，到1919年，出(chu)現(xian)了第(di)一條(tiao)雨壇彩(cai)(cai)龍(long)。自此每(mei)逢年節(jie)或婚(hun)喪嫁娶，當地(di)百姓都要舞(wu)彩(cai)(cai)龍(long)。

雨(yu)壇(tan)彩龍的表(biao)(biao)演重(zhong)在(zai)一個“活”字，“人龍合一”。表(biao)(biao)演時(shi)舞(wu)者“動(dong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)而形于(yu)外”，“心(xin)有性(xing)情(qing)(qing)，手(shou)衍(yan)神色”，“手(shou)隨眼(yan)動(dong)，眼(yan)隨心(xin)動(dong)”。在(zai)川劇(ju)打擊樂(le)的伴(ban)奏(zou)下，龍與“寶”交織纏綿，緊緊呼應(ying)，在(zai)龍舞(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)對龍的個性(xing)特征(zheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)活情(qing)(qing)態進行生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)的描摹(mo)。雨(yu)壇(tan)彩龍按(an)連綿不斷的太(tai)極圖案行進表(biao)(biao)演，套路變幻莫測，表(biao)(biao)演活潑靈(ling)動(dong)，變化多(duo)端，或脫衣(yi)，或翻(fan)滾，或嘆氣，或擦(ca)癢，極顯龍之(zhi)性(xing)情(qing)(qing)。在(zai)此(ci)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，舞(wu)者與龍的情(qing)(qing)感融為一體。

在漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)實踐中，雨壇彩(cai)(cai)龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)不斷更(geng)新、豐富(fu)表演(yan)內容(rong)，形成(cheng)了完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)套路和(he)經典的(de)(de)(de)(de)動作(zuo)造型，如龍出洞、龍搶寶、龍脫衣、龍背(bei)劍、龍嘆氣、龍砌塔(ta)、龍抱(bao)柱、黃龍滾(gun)、倒(dao)掛(gua)金鉤、太子騎龍等，最大(da)限度地展(zhan)示了人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)對(dui)龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)想象(xiang)。以(yi)藝人(ren)(ren)(ren)羅銀坤(kun)等羅氏兄弟為代表，構成(cheng)了雨壇彩(cai)(cai)龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)系統(tong)。在當(dang)代，這個傳人(ren)(ren)(ren)系統(tong)大(da)大(da)拓展(zhan)，不僅有一批青(qing)年人(ren)(ren)(ren)加入(ru)，而且重慶、銅梁(liang)、成(cheng)都等地還派(pai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)來學藝，雨壇彩(cai)(cai)龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)流布區(qu)域由此(ci)得到了擴展(zhan)。

河上板龍舞

河上(shang)板龍(long)(long)舞是民(min)間舞蹈形(xing)式(shi), 是龍(long)(long)舞的(de)一種(zhong), 舞蹈形(xing)象為中華民(min)族的(de)圖騰———龍(long)(long), 它集中展現(xian)了蕭山民(min)間工藝的(de)精(jing)華, 是蕭山民(min)間文化的(de)杰(jie)出(chu)代(dai)表。從南宋紹興二十九年 (1159) 開始,至2009年已(yi)有850余(yu)年歷史。

旦場人龍舞

電白旦場(chang)鎮(zhen)旦場(chang)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)起源于(yu)(yu)清朝雍正年間(jian)，至今已有(you)(you)270多年歷史。據村(cun)里老人(ren)(ren)(ren)說，旦場(chang)村(cun)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)是這樣形成的(de)：當(dang)時村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)池塘中游泳，覺得純粹的(de)游泳已缺乏趣味，于(yu)(yu)是分成兩隊人(ren)(ren)(ren)馬，舉(ju)行“戰斗”。戰斗的(de)規則(ze)是：雙方都(dou)有(you)(you)大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)，大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)站在(zai)水中，將小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)托(tuo)在(zai)肩上，讓小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)對打，前(qian)面(mian)的(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)被打到水中之(zhi)后，后面(mian)的(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)迅速補(bu)上，繼續戰斗，直到有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)隊小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)被完(wan)全打倒為(wei)止(zhi)。后來(lai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們忽然想(xiang)到現在(zai)這種形式的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)：大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)抬著仰臥(wo)的(de)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)接一(yi)(yi)個(ge)，組(zu)(zu)成龍(long)身(shen)，前(qian)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)孩(hai)(hai)坐(zuo)立大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)肩上宛(wan)如(ru)龍(long)頭，這便(bian)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)。在(zai)重大(da)節日(ri)，村(cun)民便(bian)自(zi)發組(zu)(zu)織成人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)進行表演。人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)歷經200多年演變(bian)與改進，在(zai)動(dong)作、節奏(zou)、斗龍(long)技巧等方面(mian)日(ri)益(yi)完(wan)善。如(ru)今，旦場(chang)村(cun)年年“人(ren)(ren)(ren)龍(long)”飛舞(wu)，鑼鼓喧天，萬眾歡(huan)呼，給(gei)全村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帶來(lai)了歡(huan)樂(le)與喜慶，使全村(cun)呈現出(chu)一(yi)(yi)派(pai)繁榮(rong)與祥和的(de)景象(xiang)。

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