糯米糍(ci)荔枝分布在廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西(xi)等(deng)地,其中以廣(guang)州(zhou),東莞,增城,從化及高州(zhou)等(deng)市為主產區。
糯(nuo)米糍荔(li)枝(zhi)為常綠(lv)高大喬木。植株(zhu)生勢壯健,樹(shu)冠自然開張呈圓頭(tou)形(xing)或(huo)傘形(xing)。分枝(zhi)角度大,小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)較柔軟下垂(chui)。小(xiao)(xiao)葉披針形(xing),較窄小(xiao)(xiao),葉緣明顯呈波紋狀。
該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)有(you)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)殼大果(guo)品(pin)(pin)系與黃殼小(xiao)果(guo)品(pin)(pin)系之分,常以紅(hong)(hong)(hong)殼大果(guo)型品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)為代表(biao),俗(su)稱“雙肩紅(hong)(hong)(hong)”。果(guo)實扁心(xin)形(xing),平(ping)均單(dan)果(guo)重25克,果(guo)皮大紅(hong)(hong)(hong),龜(gui)裂片縱(zong)向明(ming)顯,粗且平(ping)緩,無刺手感,果(guo)肩明(ming)顯一邊(bian)高一邊(bian)低,果(guo)頂渾圓(yuan),蒂部略凹。果(guo)肉厚,乳白(bai)色半(ban)透明(ming)。核小(xiao),種(zhong)子常敗育中空(俗(su)稱焦核)。可食(shi)率82%~86%。含可溶性(xing)固形(xing)物19%~22%。100毫(hao)升果(guo)汁含維生素C20.4~30.8毫(hao)克,酸(suan)0.2克。口感濃厚,風(feng)味濃郁。
糯米糍荔枝(zhi)屬(shu)南(nan)亞熱帶果(guo)(guo)樹,其(qi)生長(chang)、掛果(guo)(guo)與地(di)(di)(di)理氣(qi)(qi)象條件有著非(fei)常密切的(de)關系。以(yi)東(dong)(dong)莞為例,該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)區地(di)(di)(di)處南(nan)亞熱帶,北回歸(gui)線以(yi)南(nan),面臨海洋,常在季風控制下,夏季高(gao)溫(wen)干旱,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)22℃,年(nian)(nian)均降雨(yu)量1768毫米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數1965小(xiao)時。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)至翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)低溫(wen)、干旱,利(li)(li)于(yu)荔枝(zhi)開花結果(guo)(guo);7~10月(yue)高(gao)溫(wen)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),利(li)(li)于(yu)荔枝(zhi)梢生長(chang)。東(dong)(dong)莞丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)群廣(guang)、緩坡地(di)(di)(di)甚(shen)多(duo)(duo),加(jia)上埔田面積(ji)大(da),因此適宜(yi)種植荔枝(zhi)的(de)面積(ji)很(hen)廣(guang)。東(dong)(dong)莞大(da)嶺山、大(da)朗一帶丘陵(ling)、山地(di)(di)(di)眾多(duo)(duo),土層深(shen)厚(hou),有機質和礦物(wu)元素豐富,土壤(rang)疏松(song)透(tou)氣(qi)(qi)性能好,為微酸性的(de)沙質紅(hong)壤(rang),這些都非(fei)常利(li)(li)于(yu)糯米糍荔枝(zhi)的(de)生長(chang)。