“309號院(yuan)(yuan)”位(wei)(wei)于(yu)河北省石(shi)(shi)家(jia)莊市中山(shan)路(lu),是一幢是由日本人建(jian)(jian)于(yu)20世紀30年代的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑,在解(jie)放初期(qi)(qi),這里曾作為中共(gong)中央(yang)駐地(di)西柏坡的(de)接待站,有多(duo)位(wei)(wei)中央(yang)領導(dao)曾經居住(zhu)。“309號院(yuan)(yuan)”見證了石(shi)(shi)家(jia)莊在解(jie)放初期(qi)(qi)作為全國政治中心的(de)那段輝煌歷史(shi),并于(yu)2004年被(bei)評為石(shi)(shi)家(jia)莊市級文物(wu)保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。
“309號院(yuan)”是抗戰(zhan)時(shi)期(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)成為華北乃至全國的政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)后產生(sheng)的,是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)地(di)位(wei)的歷史產物(wu)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)解放后,在1948年2月25日和3月20日,不(bu)到一個月的時(shi)間,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央和毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東曾兩次“點”到石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家莊(zhuang)(zhuang),那時(shi),毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央還在轉戰(zhan)陜北。歷史的發(fa)展,完全按(an)照毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東的預想前(qian)行著。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央工(gong)委(wei)緊鑼密鼓地(di)組織實施(shi)了合并晉察冀(ji)和晉冀(ji)魯豫(yu)兩大解放區,為建(jian)立新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國奠基(ji)。至此,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)地(di)位(wei)逐步確立。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)華北(bei)(bei)解放(fang)區的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央立足華北(bei)(bei),靠近交通線和(he)大城(cheng)市(shi)(shi),指揮(hui)戰略決戰,奠定了(le)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu),為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央在西柏坡(po)建立最(zui)后(hou)一(yi)個農村指揮(hui)所創造了(le)前(qian)提(ti)條件。1948年5月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)毛澤東進駐(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)西北(bei)(bei)的西柏坡(po),這時的石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的前(qian)哨和(he)屏障(zhang),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的對(dui)外、對(dui)內接待站,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)后(hou)勤(qin)保障(zhang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)了(le)全國的政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。當時人們稱西柏坡(po)為(wei)(wei)“西邊”,石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)“東邊”,兩地(di)(di)人員來(lai)往頻繁,開(kai)吉普車或騎馬(ma)一(yi)天就能(neng)往返一(yi)趟。由于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是解放(fang)軍解放(fang)的第一(yi)個較大城(cheng)市(shi)(shi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)便成(cheng)了(le)前(qian)線的后(hou)方基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di),各(ge)野(ye)戰軍首(shou)長(chang)到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央開(kai)會、匯報工作,都先到石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),再到西柏坡(po),然后(hou)再取道(dao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)分赴各(ge)地(di)(di)。
如此,石家(jia)莊(zhuang)的接待任(ren)務日益繁忙。為了適應這一(yi)需要,石家(jia)莊(zhuang)市(shi)政府專門(men)成立了交際處(chu),增設招待所。市(shi)長柯慶(qing)施(shi)親自選定了華安西(xi)(xi)街12號(現西(xi)(xi)建(jian)街1號)為交際處(chu)的一(yi)部分,特殊(shu)使用,代號“309號院”。抗戰(zhan)革命時期,在“309號房院”居(ju)住、工(gong)作過的領導同志就有毛澤東(dong)、劉少奇、周恩來(lai)、朱德(de)、任(ren)弼時、彭(peng)德(de)懷(huai)、鄧小平、陳毅、劉伯承、李先念(nian)、董必武、聶(nie)榮臻、徐向前(qian)等。
這(zhe)座日式的(de)“309號院(yuan)”建(jian)筑(zhu)已有(you)很多(duo)年的(de)歷史了(le),據(ju)附近居民描述,“309號院(yuan)”里曾經是個美麗的(de)花園,有(you)數(shu)棵參天大楊(yang)樹,還(huan)有(you)漂亮的(de)高高的(de)竹林,滿墻的(de)爬山虎映得整個小院(yuan)綠意盎然,茂盛的(de)紫藤蘿(luo)幽香幽香的(de)。有(you)人曾經在房屋中發現(xian)過(guo)一(yi)塊大約(yue)2尺長、4寸寬(kuan)的(de)圓形木板,上(shang)面用毛筆字寫著“昭和17年石門(men)第二(er)建(jian)筑(zhu)公司建(jian)”。這(zhe)個日式建(jian)筑(zhu)明顯比普通的(de)平(ping)房要高出許多(duo),尖頂、拱形門(men),顯出了(le)它的(de)特色。