“309號院”位(wei)于(yu)河北省石(shi)家莊(zhuang)市中(zhong)山路,是一幢是由日本人建于(yu)20世紀30年代的(de)建筑,在解放初(chu)期(qi),這里(li)曾作(zuo)為(wei)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央駐(zhu)地西柏坡的(de)接待站(zhan),有多位(wei)中(zhong)央領導曾經(jing)居住。“309號院”見證(zheng)了(le)石(shi)家莊(zhuang)在解放初(chu)期(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)全(quan)國政(zheng)治(zhi)中(zhong)心的(de)那段輝煌歷(li)史,并于(yu)2004年被評為(wei)石(shi)家莊(zhuang)市級(ji)文物保護單位(wei)。
“309號(hao)院”是(shi)抗戰(zhan)時期石家(jia)莊(zhuang)成(cheng)為華北(bei)乃至全國的(de)政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心后產生(sheng)的(de),是(shi)石家(jia)莊(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心地位的(de)歷史產物。石家(jia)莊(zhuang)解放后,在(zai)1948年2月(yue)(yue)25日和(he)(he)3月(yue)(yue)20日,不到(dao)一個月(yue)(yue)的(de)時間,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)(he)毛澤(ze)(ze)東曾(ceng)兩次(ci)“點(dian)”到(dao)石家(jia)莊(zhuang),那時,毛澤(ze)(ze)東和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央還(huan)在(zai)轉戰(zhan)陜北(bei)。歷史的(de)發展(zhan),完全按(an)照毛澤(ze)(ze)東的(de)預想前行著。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央工委(wei)緊鑼密鼓(gu)地組織實施了合并(bing)晉察冀和(he)(he)晉冀魯豫兩大解放區(qu),為建立新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國奠基。至此(ci),石家(jia)莊(zhuang)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心地位逐(zhu)步確立。
石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)華北解放(fang)區的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)立足華北,靠近交(jiao)通線和大城市,指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)戰(zhan)略決戰(zhan),奠定(ding)了(le)(le)基(ji)礎,為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)在西(xi)柏(bo)坡建立最后(hou)一(yi)個農(nong)村指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)所創造了(le)(le)前提(ti)條件。1948年5月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)和毛澤東進(jin)駐(zhu)石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)西(xi)北的(de)西(xi)柏(bo)坡,這時(shi)的(de)石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)前哨(shao)和屏障(zhang)(zhang),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)對(dui)外、對(dui)內接待站,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)后(hou)勤保障(zhang)(zhang)基(ji)地(di)。石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)成(cheng)了(le)(le)全國(guo)的(de)政治中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。當時(shi)人們(men)稱西(xi)柏(bo)坡為(wei)(wei)“西(xi)邊(bian)”,石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)“東邊(bian)”,兩地(di)人員(yuan)來(lai)往頻(pin)繁,開(kai)吉普(pu)車(che)或騎馬一(yi)天就能(neng)往返(fan)一(yi)趟。由于石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)是解放(fang)軍解放(fang)的(de)第一(yi)個較大城市,石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)便成(cheng)了(le)(le)前線的(de)后(hou)方(fang)基(ji)地(di),各(ge)野戰(zhan)軍首長到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)開(kai)會、匯報工作,都先(xian)到石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang),再到西(xi)柏(bo)坡,然(ran)后(hou)再取道石(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)莊(zhuang)分赴各(ge)地(di)。
如此,石(shi)家莊的(de)(de)接(jie)待任務日益(yi)繁忙。為了適應這(zhe)一需要,石(shi)家莊市政府專(zhuan)門成立了交際處(chu),增(zeng)設招(zhao)待所。市長柯慶施親自選定了華安西街(jie)12號(hao)(現(xian)西建街(jie)1號(hao))為交際處(chu)的(de)(de)一部分,特(te)殊使(shi)用,代號(hao)“309號(hao)院(yuan)”。抗戰革命(ming)時期,在“309號(hao)房院(yuan)”居(ju)住、工作過的(de)(de)領(ling)導同志就有(you)毛澤東、劉(liu)少奇、周(zhou)恩來(lai)、朱德(de)、任弼(bi)時、彭德(de)懷、鄧小平(ping)、陳毅(yi)、劉(liu)伯承(cheng)、李先念、董必武、聶榮臻、徐向(xiang)前等。
這座日式的(de)(de)“309號(hao)院”建(jian)筑已(yi)有(you)很多年的(de)(de)歷史了(le),據附近(jin)居民描(miao)述,“309號(hao)院”里(li)曾(ceng)經是個美麗的(de)(de)花(hua)園,有(you)數棵(ke)參天大(da)楊樹,還有(you)漂(piao)亮(liang)的(de)(de)高高的(de)(de)竹(zhu)林,滿墻的(de)(de)爬(pa)山虎映得整個小院綠意盎然,茂(mao)盛(sheng)的(de)(de)紫藤(teng)蘿幽香幽香的(de)(de)。有(you)人曾(ceng)經在房屋中(zhong)發現過一塊大(da)約2尺長、4寸寬的(de)(de)圓形木板,上面用毛筆字寫著(zhu)“昭(zhao)和17年石(shi)門第(di)二建(jian)筑公(gong)司建(jian)”。這個日式建(jian)筑明顯(xian)比普(pu)通的(de)(de)平房要高出許多,尖(jian)頂、拱形門,顯(xian)出了(le)它的(de)(de)特色。