滹沱河(he)為海河(he)流(liu)域子牙河(he)系兩(liang)大支流(liu)之一,發(fa)源于山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)繁峙縣(xian)五臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)北(bei)麓,穿越(yue)太行山(shan)(shan)進入河(he)北(bei)省(sheng)平(ping)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)境,東(dong)流(liu)至獻縣(xian),與滏陽(yang)河(he)匯合后入子牙河(he)。滹沱河(he)全長(chang)587km。流(liu)域面積24690平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),流(liu)域內有(you)崗(gang)南(nan)、黃(huang)壁(bi)(bi)莊(zhuang)兩(liang)座(zuo)串聯型(xing)大型(xing)水庫(ku)(ku),總控(kong)制面積23400平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)27.81億立方(fang)米,其中崗(gang)南(nan)水庫(ku)(ku)總控(kong)制面積15900平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)15.71億立方(fang)米,崗(gang)南(nan)水庫(ku)(ku)下游28公(gong)里(li)處有(you)黃(huang)壁(bi)(bi)莊(zhuang)水庫(ku)(ku),崗(gang)南(nan)、黃(huang)壁(bi)(bi)莊(zhuang)區(qu)間面積7500平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)12.1億立方(fang)米,主要控(kong)制冶河(he)和崗(gang)南(nan)水庫(ku)(ku)放水。
滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)支流較多,呈羽狀分布于中上游(you)山區。流域地形分盆(pen)地、山區、丘陵(ling)、平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)四種類型,最高(gao)(gao)峰五(wu)臺山海拔高(gao)(gao)程3058m,最低處獻縣子牙新河(he)(he)(he)進(jin)洪(hong)閘閘底高(gao)(gao)程7.0m,流域內南莊以(yi)上為(wei)忻縣盆(pen)地,河(he)(he)(he)床寬(kuan)淺、坡(po)度(du)平(ping)(ping)緩,兩岸黃土砂礫沉積很(hen)厚,為(wei)滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)泥沙(sha)主要來源(yuan)。東冶至(zhi)(zhi)王母(mu)(小覺下(xia)游(you))屬山區地形,南莊以(yi)下(xia)河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)穿過滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)山峽,兩山對峙(zhi),河(he)(he)(he)寬(kuan)約(yue)百m,坡(po)陡(dou)流急(ji),至(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)北省(sheng)境內河(he)(he)(he)床逐漸開闊,坡(po)度(du)變緩。王母(mu)至(zhi)(zhi)黃壁(bi)莊屬丘陵(ling)地形,兩岸黃土分布較廣(guang),河(he)(he)(he)床坡(po)度(du)平(ping)(ping)緩。黃壁(bi)莊以(yi)下(xia)進(jin)入華北平(ping)(ping)原(yuan),河(he)(he)(he)道(dao)驟然展寬(kuan)。
流域植(zhi)被以五臺山區(qu)(qu)、深(shen)山迎(ying)風區(qu)(qu)覆蓋率(lv)較高,淺山迎(ying)風區(qu)(qu)次之(zhi),背風區(qu)(qu)黃土坡地植(zhi)被率(lv)最低。本(ben)區(qu)(qu)天然植(zhi)被種類主要有(you)榆、柳、槐(huai)等落葉樹以及少量針葉樹,本(ben)區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)類型是褐(he)土。
流域內最(zui)大(da)支流為冶河,黃(huang)壁莊水(shui)庫(ku)主要承接冶河來水(shui)。冶河有兩(liang)大(da)支流甘陶河和(he)(he)綿(mian)河,甘陶河發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)和(he)(he)順縣,流經昔陽(yang)縣泉口控(kong)(kong)制站(zhan)進入張河灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku),張河灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)位于(yu)(yu)兩(liang)省(sheng)交界處,總(zong)控(kong)(kong)制面(mian)積(ji)1879平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,綿(mian)河發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)壽陽(yang)縣,流經陽(yang)泉進入河北省(sheng)地(di)都控(kong)(kong)制站(zhan),總(zong)控(kong)(kong)制面(mian)積(ji)2521平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,冶河控(kong)(kong)制站(zhan)平(ping)山(shan)(shan)站(zhan)以上的集水(shui)面(mian)積(ji)6420平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。
冶河流(liu)域多淺山丘陵,植被差,巖(yan)石裸露,石灰巖(yan)分布較廣,有豐(feng)富的巖(yan)溶裂隙水。娘子關與(yu)威州一帶,分布著泉(quan)(quan)群(qun),60、70年代娘子關泉(quan)(quan)群(qun)多年平均(jun)泉(quan)(quan)流(liu)量13.5立方(fang)米每(mei)秒,地下水豐(feng)富,與(yu)地表(biao)水的補排關系復雜。
流(liu)域(yu)地(di)處(chu)東(dong)亞溫帶(dai)氣候區(qu),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)上(shang)相(xiang)差較(jiao)大(da)(da),在(zai)崗南(nan)水庫(ku)上(shang)游游兩(liang)個暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),一(yi)是營里河(he)神堂(tang)關,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)663.4mm,二是險隘河(he)獅子坪、王岸一(yi)帶(dai),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)614mm,崗南(nan)、黃壁莊區(qu)間暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)吳(wu)家(jia)窯,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)600mm,從神堂(tang)關向東(dong)、向西(xi)逐漸減(jian)少(shao),獻縣529.5mm,繁峙399.2mm。降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際變(bian)化(hua)很(hen)大(da)(da),例如(ru)吳(wu)家(jia)窯1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為1705.5mm,1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅為243.7mm,相(xiang)差近7倍。流(liu)域(yu)內降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內分配很(hen)不(bu)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)80%以上(shang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)汛期6~9月。流(liu)域(yu)內暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)常發(fa)生在(zai)太(tai)行(xing)山迎風區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)發(fa)生在(zai)本(ben)流(liu)域(yu)的獅子坪,三日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達747mm,1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)雖發(fa)生在(zai)滏陽河(he)流(liu)域(yu),但本(ben)流(liu)域(yu)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也很(hen)大(da)(da),崗黃區(qu)間三日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)600~800mm,1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月河(he)北(bei)大(da)(da)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)冶河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下游,吳(wu)家(jia)窯三日(ri)(ri)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達583.1mm。24小時雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達510.9mm,崗南(nan)天然(ran)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)值13.2億立方米,黃壁莊天然(ran)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)21.1億立方米。
屬于(yu)海(hai)河水(shui)系滹沱(tuo)河支流,故稱(cheng)“鮮虞”,發(fa)源于(yu)五臺(tai)山的(de)紫霞谷及(ji)東臺(tai)溝,經金崗庫,石咀,耿鎮,石盆口,胡(hu)家莊,與坪上匯入滹沱(tuo)河。全長104公里,河寬50至100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),平(ping)時水(shui)寬5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)深(shen)0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),流速(su)每(mei)(mei)秒1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年徑流量25500萬(wan)立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。汛(xun)期(qi)在7至9月(yue)間(jian),每(mei)(mei)年有較大(da)的(de)洪水(shui)期(qi)3至7次(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)持續5至7天,水(shui)寬120米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)深(shen)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),流速(su)每(mei)(mei)秒2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),百年一(yi)遇最(zui)大(da)洪峰每(mei)(mei)秒2800立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。河床較陡,均系沙礫石,兩岸靠(kao)山,下(xia)游(you)多為斷崖絕壁。結冰(bing)期(qi)為12月(yue)至次(ci)(ci)年3月(yue),冰(bing)厚0.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
屬海河(he)流域子牙(ya)河(he)水系(xi)滹沱(tuo)河(he)一級支流,發源于(yu)原平市西部,上游分南北(bei)兩大支流,南北(bei)兩支于(yu)軒崗鎮(zhen)馬圈村(cun)東口處匯(hui)為陽(yang)武河(he)干(gan)流,河(he)道(dao)至(zhi)大林鄉上申村(cun)主河(he)道(dao)又一分為二(er),流經(jing)南陽(yang)店村(cun)北(bei)再次匯(hui)入滹沱(tuo)河(he),河(he)道(dao)全長72.6km,流域面積972km2。
發(fa)源于云中山,屬海河流(liu)(liu)域子(zi)牙(ya)河水(shui)系滹沱(tuo)河的(de)一級(ji)支流(liu)(liu),忻府(fu)區(qu)境內長(chang)58公里(li),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積約計(ji)800平(ping)方公里(li),自米家寨出山后,分為南北(bei)云中河。南云中河經(jing)(jing)沙(sha)洼、東馮城、播明、曹張到定(ding)襄注入滹沱(tuo)河,南云中河干(gan)流(liu)(liu)全長(chang)36.5公里(li),流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)忻府(fu)區(qu)及定(ding)襄縣(xian),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積317平(ping)方公里(li),是忻州市經(jing)(jing)濟和社會發(fa)展的(de)核心區(qu)域;北(bei)云中河經(jing)(jing)石家莊(zhuang)、唐林、秦(qin)家莊(zhuang)至原平(ping)入滹沱(tuo)河。
發源于陽(yang)曲、忻州、靜樂(le)交界的(de)白馬(ma)(ma)山南麓,于本區西南自西向(xiang)(xiang)東折向(xiang)(xiang)北東方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang),流(liu)(liu)出本區于定襄縣蔣(jiang)村東北匯入滹沱河,干流(liu)(liu)長(chang)(chang)118.3公(gong)(gong)里(li),市域內長(chang)(chang)度63公(gong)(gong)里(li),河流(liu)(liu)主(zhu)要以(yi)雨雪水補給,流(liu)(liu)域面積751平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),牧馬(ma)(ma)河的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)年平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)2.89立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)小年平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)0.085立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,多(duo)年平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)0.93立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,一年內最(zui)大(da)(da)斷(duan)(duan)流(liu)(liu)時間為(wei)250天,多(duo)年平(ping)均斷(duan)(duan)流(liu)(liu)時間94天。
發源于陽曲縣凌井店(dian)鄉(xiang)黃龍頭、八眼井、里(li)虎(hu)山,東(dong)北流(liu)(liu)經凌井店(dian)、大方(fang)山,于東(dong)郭湫(qiu)出(chu)境人盂縣界(jie),旋向北流(liu)(liu)與一鳥河相匯注(zhu)入滹(hu)沱河。全(quan)長76公(gong)里(li),河床系砂石底質(zhi):河床寬度原為70米(mi)(mi)一100米(mi)(mi),經八十年代治理后(hou),河床變窄(zhai)。流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積1170平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。年清水流(liu)(liu)量為0.4立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。上游(you)屬(shu)季(ji)節性(xing)河流(liu)(liu),下游(you)屬(shu)常(chang)流(liu)(liu)河。
1969年(nian)該院(yuan)根據(ju)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總局(ju)要求,對滹沱河(he)干流中段(duan)(自山(shan)(shan)西定襄縣(xian)東(dong)冶鎮(zhen)至(zhi)黃壁莊)進行水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)規劃選(xuan)(xuan)點,7月(yue)提出《選(xuan)(xuan)點報告(gao)》,區選(xuan)(xuan)出坪(ping)上、嶺子底、七(qi)東(dong)、峪(yu)口、工(gong)上、秘家(jia)(jia)會6個(ge)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站址。其中坪(ping)上、嶺子底及七(qi)東(dong)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)西境內,峪(yu)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站攔河(he)壩在(zai)山(shan)(shan)西,引水隧洞跨晉冀(ji)兩省,廠(chang)房(fang)在(zai)平山(shan)(shan)境內。各梯級基(ji)本(ben)為(wei)(wei)低(di)壩引水式開發(fa)(fa),日調節水庫,隧洞引水,裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量6000~1萬(wan)千瓦,年(nian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量2440~4080萬(wan)度,總投(tou)資(zi)855~1375萬(wan)元。秘家(jia)(jia)會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站為(wei)(wei)地下廠(chang)房(fang),其余五個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站為(wei)(wei)地面(mian)廠(chang)房(fang)。工(gong)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(短(duan)洞方案)及秘家(jia)(jia)會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量均為(wei)(wei)8000千瓦,年(nian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)3030~2940萬(wan)度,總投(tou)資(zi)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)855~1015萬(wan)元。規劃中把坪(ping)上、工(gong)上、秘家(jia)(jia)會列為(wei)(wei)首期開發(fa)(fa)。
1949年(nian)以前(qian),境內萬畝(mu)以上自流灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),有(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陽武河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)定襄(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)渠(qu)及(ji)繁(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)羊眼(yan)河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其它清水(shui)河(he)流上,只有(you)(you)零散渠(qu)道(dao),灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉面積小(xiao)(xiao)。1949年(nian)10月(yue)以后(hou),各縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)水(shui)利工程的基礎上,進行(xing)改建(jian)和(he)擴建(jian),全面配套。1950年(nian)代先后(hou)建(jian)成忻縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)馬(ma)河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石北(bei)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),原(yuan)(yuan)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)永興河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),忻縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)云中(zhong)河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),定襄(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)池泉灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),嶺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)大河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),代縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)峪河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),定襄(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)云南(nan)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),代縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茂河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、中(zhong)解(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、峨(e)河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),五臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)銀河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、濾泗河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),原(yuan)(yuan)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長樂河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),繁(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)繁(fan)峙(zhi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍山灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),五寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)峰(feng)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等。so年(nian)代先后(hou)建(jian)成繁(fan)峙(zhi)虎山灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、孤山灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),原(yuan)(yuan)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)間河(he)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1970年(nian)代先后(hou)建(jian)成繁(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)紅衛灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、代縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1988年(nian),全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)萬畝(mu)以下自流灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)25個,固定渠(qu)道(dao)總(zong)長8 202.9公里(li),其中(zhong)已(yi)防滲長度1 866.6公里(li),有(you)(you)效灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉面積128.46萬畝(mu)。另(ling)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)型自流染道(dao)2 081處(chu),千染總(zong)長1636.61公里(li),有(you)(you)效灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉而(er)積14.58萬畝(mu)。
1956年(nian)在忻縣南高(gao)村開(kai)始試修(xiu)一座小型水(shui)(shui)庫。1958年(nian)“大躍進”開(kai)始,至(zhi)1960年(nian)代修(xiu)建大批水(shui)(shui)庫,70年(nian)代初還有少(shao)數水(shui)(shui)庫掃尾工(gong)程(cheng)。截至(zhi)1988年(nian),全(quan)區建成大中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)庫6座,即(ji)原(yuan)平(ping)觀(guan)上水(shui)(shui)庫,忻州(zhou)米家(jia)(jia)寨水(shui)(shui)庫、雙(shuang)乳(ru)山水(shui)(shui)庫,繁峙下茹越水(shui)(shui)庫、孤(gu)山水(shui)(shui)庫,五臺唐家(jia)(jia)灣水(shui)(shui)庫等。這些水(shui)(shui)庫均修(xiu)建在滹(hu)沱(tuo)河干流和支流上,總控制流域面積(ji)2 384平(ping)方(fang)公里,總庫容9 058.0萬立(li)方(fang)米,興利(li)庫容4 752.0萬立(li)方(fang)米,有效灌溉(gai)面積(ji)30.29萬畝。
滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)河歷史(shi)上(shang)名稱多異。《山(shan)海經(jing)》名滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)池(chi)。《禮記》稱作惡(e)(e)池(chi)或?m池(chi)。《周記》作乎池(chi)亦作滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)池(chi)。《漢志》都作滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。《史(shi)記》稱滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)它河也作亞沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。《水經(jing)注》叫滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。韓(han)非《初(chu)見篇》稱呼(hu)沲。《法言?五(wu)子篇》稱惡(e)(e)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。《隋圖經(jing)》魏改為清寧河。滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)本為呼(hu)或滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),即(ji)呼(hu)嘯之意,沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)即(ji)滂(pang)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)河由山(shan)西高原(yuan)東下突入平原(yuan),縱坡陡峻,水流(liu)(liu)湍急,經(jing)常泛濫成災(zai)。因此,歷史(shi)上(shang)稱作惡(e)(e)池(chi)、滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)池(chi)、滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),都是(shi)取水流(liu)(liu)急兇猛之意。稱滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)河至少是(shi)在漢代。滹(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)河原(yuan)于山(shan)西,歸于河北,水性(xing)湍悍,土疏(shu)善(shan)崩,壅決無常,遷徙靡(mi)定(ding)。上(shang)流(liu)(liu)雖設堤(di)防,也經(jing)常淤漫(man)。在山(shan)區穿行峽谷(gu),囿于地形(xing),很少變動;進(jin)入平原(yuan)則改道頻繁。
滹沱河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)位于東(dong)經122°16′至(zhi)116°6′,北緯37°27′至(zhi)39°25′。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)內山高谷深,流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)界限(xian)分(fen)明,北界大清(qing)(qing)河(he)(he)及永定(ding)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu),西依云中(zhong)山與汾河(he)(he)分(fen)水,南沿(yan)太(tai)行山與滏陽河(he)(he)諸支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相鄰。總流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積27300平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)。其(qi)中(zhong)境內集(ji)水面(mian)積6700平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)。匯(hui)入(ru)滹沱河(he)(he)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)72條之(zhi)多,其(qi)中(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積大于100平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)的(de)有(you)(you)27條。支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)以(yi)冶河(he)(he)最(zui)大,清(qing)(qing)水河(he)(he)次之(zhi)。各(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)均(jun)以(yi)干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)主軸,從(cong)兩岸交互流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)。支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)崗南水庫(ku)以(yi)上呈羽狀(zhuang),黃壁莊水庫(ku)以(yi)上為(wei)扇形(xing)。進入(ru)平(ping)(ping)原則呈帶(dai)狀(zhuang)。由于各(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)布(bu)呈肋(lei)枝狀(zhuang),故(gu)俗(su)稱"滹沱河(he)(he)有(you)(you)72肋(lei)枝河(he)(he)"(《子(zi)牙河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)查勘報告(gao)》)。各(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)除周漢河(he)(he)地處平(ping)(ping)原,其(qi)他支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)都集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)山區丘陵地帶(dai)。滹沱河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)涉及境內耕地面(mian)積213.94萬畝,人(ren)口151.94萬人(ren)。
滹沱河(he)(he)流域的(de)地(di)勢(shi),西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東低,逐漸下降。流域上游山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)巍峨,山(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)川大(da),山(shan)(shan)巒重疊,地(di)形(xing)崎嶇復(fu)雜(za)。自五(wu)臺(tai)縣神喜(xi)穿太行山(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)東行,河(he)(he)道(dao)彎曲。地(di)貌(mao)以中山(shan)(shan)、低山(shan)(shan)、丘陵、盆地(di)、河(he)(he)谷(gu)相(xiang)互交錯(cuo),在地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌(mao)上獨具特點。基(ji)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)區,海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)程在1500米(mi)左(zuo)右,為(wei)構造運(yun)動(dong)長期隆(long)起區,侵蝕(shi)和(he)剝(bo)蝕(shi)作用劇烈(lie),形(xing)成山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)陡峻,山(shan)(shan)體(ti)突出,山(shan)(shan)體(ti)巖(yan)性(xing)大(da)部為(wei)花(hua)崗巖(yan)、片麻(ma)巖(yan)、灰巖(yan)、砂(sha)巖(yan)和(he)少量石英巖(yan)、正常巖(yan)、云母(mu)巖(yan)等。山(shan)(shan)前黃土丘陵區,為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)與平(ping)原間的(de)過渡帶(dai),近(jin)山(shan)(shan)坡處沖溝(gou)發育,但(dan)因(yin)河(he)(he)道(dao)滾動(dong),河(he)(he)谷(gu)深切,往(wang)往(wang)形(xing)成高(gao)(gao)出河(he)(he)床數十米(mi)的(de)古(gu)階地(di)。主要分布沿(yan)河(he)(he)地(di)帶(dai),為(wei)寬闊平(ping)坦的(de)漫灘,屬河(he)(he)谷(gu)沖積(ji)平(ping)原。