富川古(gu)明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)是廣西(xi)保留較(jiao)為(wei)完(wan)整的(de)古(gu)縣(xian)城(cheng)遺址之一。該城(cheng)建于明(ming)(ming)洪武二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(1396年(nian))。城(cheng)以“十(shi)”字架對(dui)稱,街(jie)道(dao)皆由(you)鵝卵石(shi)鋪成(cheng)(cheng),鑲嵌有象(xiang)征錢(qian)財、富貴的(de)金錢(qian)圖(tu)案,象(xiang)征幸(xing)福(fu)、光明(ming)(ming)的(de)太陽圖(tu)案。設有東(dong)(dong)南西(xi)北(bei)(bei)四門(men)(men)(men)出入。東(dong)(dong)曰升平,南稱向日,西(xi)為(wei)泰定,北(bei)(bei)名迎恩。瀟賀古(gu)道(dao)自(zi)北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)入而從南門(men)(men)(men)出。四個城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)俱(ju)為(wei)大(da)(da)方(fang)青石(shi)構筑,每(mei)座城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)由(you)831塊(kuai)至896塊(kuai)整齊平滑的(de)大(da)(da)青石(shi)塊(kuai)砌成(cheng)(cheng)。門(men)(men)(men)墻內窄外寬,各門(men)(men)(men)頂(ding)上均有城(cheng)樓,雕欄飛檐,堅固結實,雄偉壯觀。由(you)于歷史原因,人為(wei)損(sun)壞也(ye)比較(jiao)嚴重,目前只剩東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)、南門(men)(men)(men)和北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)。
四個(ge)城(cheng)門(men)(men)俱為大方青石(shi)構筑,每座城(cheng)門(men)(men)由(you)831塊(kuai)至896塊(kuai)整齊(qi)平滑的(de)大青石(shi)塊(kuai)砌(qi)成(cheng)。各門(men)(men)頂(ding)上(shang)均有城(cheng)樓,雕欄(lan)飛檐,堅固結實,雄(xiong)偉壯觀。目前只(zhi)剩東門(men)(men)、南門(men)(men)和北門(men)(men)。但(dan)多年來由(you)于資金(jin)不足,加之(zhi)諸多方面的(de)原因,古(gu)明城(cheng)很多建筑得不到有效的(de)維護(hu),文物古(gu)跡不斷受到破壞。
明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于富(fu)川瑤族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)都(dou)龐嶺(ling)余脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山下(xia)、富(fu)江(jiang)上游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞭高(gao)嶺(ling)旁。據舊(jiu)縣(xian)志(zhi)載,該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建于明(ming)洪武二十九年(nian)(nian)(1396年(nian)(nian)),始為(wei)(wei)(wei)土墻,明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)間(1573年(nian)(nian)~1620年(nian)(nian))改為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)墻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻周長2113米(mi),高(gao)6米(mi),寬(kuan)2.7米(mi),垛口909個,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)(xi)距500米(mi),南北距600米(mi),總面積為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南有(you)(you)(you)七層(ceng)古(gu)塔,塔下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)慈云寺,與成北蟠(pan)龍山和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東馬(ma)鞍山對峙,形(xing)成天然(ran)屏(ping)障。是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)進可攻、退可守的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也是(shi)(shi)廣西(xi)(xi)難(nan)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)保留較(jiao)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)之一(yi)(yi),幾百年(nian)(nian)來(lai)重修過8次。明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men):東為(wei)(wei)(wei)升平(ping)(ping)門(men)(men)(men),西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)泰定門(men)(men)(men),南為(wei)(wei)(wei)向(xiang)日門(men)(men)(men),北為(wei)(wei)(wei)迎恩門(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)高(gao)6.5米(mi),周長51米(mi),原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)建,清乾隆八年(nian)(nian)(1743年(nian)(nian))易(yi)磚(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)方(fang)青(qing)石(shi)。每塊(kuai)一(yi)(yi)般長1.8米(mi),高(gao)0.58米(mi),厚(hou)1.02米(mi)。每座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)約由831塊(kuai)至896塊(kuai)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)青(qing)石(shi)塊(kuai)砌(qi)筑而成。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)造型大(da)(da)同(tong)小異,都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)中道門(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)道高(gao)5.1米(mi),寬(kuan)4米(mi),縱深14.7米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中道門(men)(men)(men)居(ju)中部分,有(you)(you)(you)兩扇(shan)鐵(tie)木(mu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴厚(hou)大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)。上有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)釘(ding)鐵(tie)葉,巨型門(men)(men)(men)環。大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)上方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓廓有(you)(you)(you)暗道與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)15米(mi)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)地道相(xiang)通,可上可下(xia),攻守齊備,進退自(zi)如。四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)現僅存(cun)東、南兩門(men)(men)(men),已(yi)修葺一(yi)(yi)新。東門(men)(men)(men)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓拱(gong)型,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓采用(yong)(yong)“木(mu)廓結構”,由8根高(gao)6米(mi)、直徑30厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)柱(zhu)支撐(cheng),不用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)根鐵(tie)釘(ding),青(qing)磚(zhuan)青(qing)瓦(wa),紅(hong)柱(zhu)飛檐。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓下(xia)另有(you)(you)(you)“鯉魚石(shi)”作標記(ji),石(shi)上有(you)(you)(you)鯉魚圖案。南門(men)(men)(men)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡條石(shi)鑲(xiang)砌(qi),門(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)外(wai)(wai)用(yong)(yong)鐵(tie)皮作保護層(ceng),在(zai)緊(jin)靠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內拱(gong)上留有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個長4米(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“箭洞”。南門(men)(men)(men)以“芒鞋石(shi)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)標志(zhi),它(ta)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)鞋底狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色(se)石(shi)頭,鑲(xiang)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)青(qing)石(shi)上。
城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)共有4條(tiao),叫鎮升、仁義、鎮武、陽壽街(jie),交叉分(fen)成12方陣,呈“井(jing)”字型布局。街(jie)道(dao)(dao)寬3米左右,路面全(quan)用鵝(e)卵石(shi)(shi)鑲嵌成金錢(qian)圖案(an),線條(tiao)粗(cu)獷,古雅別致(zhi),俗(su)稱“花(hua)街(jie)”。各(ge)條(tiao)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)都有“子(zi)精樓(lou)(lou)”,也稱“燈樓(lou)(lou)”,由眾人推舉的(de)(de)“燈頭”輪流管理。“明富川(chuan)城(cheng)(cheng)”社會與經濟(ji)文化發展的(de)(de)鼎(ding)盛時期為明末清(qing)初。城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei),井(jing)巷(xiang)交錯、集(ji)市密布、居民成群(qun)。始設(she)有衙署(shu)(shu)書院(yuan)、寺(si)祠廟庵、商鋪客棧,文娛(yu)雜耍等(deng)功能(neng)設(she)施(shi),且具明清(qing)風格的(de)(de)政治文化、宗教(jiao)祭祀的(de)(de)古建筑亦無所不全(quan),其(qi)中典型的(de)(de)有文武兩廟和城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟、文昌閣、報恩寺(si)、慈云寺(si)、節(jie)孝祠、昭忠祠及養濟(ji)院(yuan)、坊(fang)表(biao)神樓(lou)(lou)與教(jiao)諭署(shu)(shu)麥嶺同(tong)知署(shu)(shu)、訓導署(shu)(shu)等(deng)古代建筑。俗(su)稱“花(hua)街(jie)”的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)池步道(dao)(dao)中,井(jing)形構造,卵石(shi)(shi)鋪砌,圖案(an)秀美(mei),棱(leng)圓相接,是堪稱廣西一絕的(de)(de)古城(cheng)(cheng)步道(dao)(dao)。
每年農歷正月初十至十五(wu)為元宵節(jie),不論貧(pin)富,凡是生(sheng)(sheng)男的(de)都要往“子精(jing)樓(lou)”送一(yi)盞精(jing)心制作(zuo)并有各式圖文、寫有新生(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)名(ming)字的(de)彩燈(deng)。近(jin)年來,隨著(zhu)人(ren)們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)育觀念的(de)改變(bian),即使生(sheng)(sheng)了女孩,也(ye)要往燈(deng)樓(lou)送一(yi)盞蓮(lian)花燈(deng)。那(nei)段時間,各街的(de)龍獅(shi),便(bian)在每天入夜后周游各燈(deng)樓(lou)。屆時龍獅(shi)薈萃,鞭炮(pao)震(zhen)天,人(ren)們(men)匯集看燈(deng),笑語歡聲,熱鬧異常。
地址:廣西壯(zhuang)族(zu)自治區賀州市(shi)富川(chuan)瑤(yao)族(zu)自治縣文(wen)教路18號