富川古(gu)明城是(shi)廣西(xi)保留較(jiao)為完整的(de)古(gu)縣城遺(yi)址之一。該(gai)城建于明洪武二十九年(1396年)。城以“十”字架對(dui)稱(cheng),街道皆由鵝卵石鋪成(cheng),鑲嵌(qian)有象(xiang)征錢財、富貴的(de)金錢圖案(an)(an),象(xiang)征幸福、光明的(de)太(tai)陽圖案(an)(an)。設有東南(nan)(nan)西(xi)北四(si)門(men)(men)出入。東曰升平(ping),南(nan)(nan)稱(cheng)向日(ri),西(xi)為泰(tai)定,北名迎恩。瀟賀古(gu)道自北門(men)(men)入而從南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)出。四(si)個城門(men)(men)俱為大方(fang)青(qing)石構筑,每(mei)座城門(men)(men)由831塊至896塊整齊平(ping)滑的(de)大青(qing)石塊砌成(cheng)。門(men)(men)墻(qiang)內(nei)窄外寬,各門(men)(men)頂(ding)上均有城樓,雕欄飛檐,堅固結實,雄(xiong)偉壯觀。由于歷史原因,人為損壞也比較(jiao)嚴重,目前只剩東門(men)(men)、南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)和(he)北門(men)(men)。
四個城門(men)俱(ju)為大方青(qing)石構筑(zhu),每座(zuo)城門(men)由831塊至896塊整齊平滑的(de)大青(qing)石塊砌(qi)成(cheng)。各門(men)頂上均有(you)城樓,雕欄(lan)飛檐,堅固結(jie)實,雄偉壯觀。目(mu)前只剩東門(men)、南門(men)和北門(men)。但(dan)多(duo)年來由于資金不足,加(jia)之諸多(duo)方面的(de)原因(yin),古(gu)明城很多(duo)建筑(zhu)得不到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)維護,文物古(gu)跡不斷受到(dao)破壞。
明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位(wei)于富(fu)川瑤族自(zi)治縣都龐嶺余脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)屏山(shan)下(xia)、富(fu)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞭高(gao)(gao)(gao)嶺旁。據舊縣志(zhi)載,該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建于明(ming)(ming)洪武二十九年(nian)(1396年(nian)),始為(wei)土墻,明(ming)(ming)萬歷年(nian)間(jian)(1573年(nian)~1620年(nian))改(gai)為(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻周長2113米(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)6米(mi),寬(kuan)2.7米(mi),垛口909個,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)距500米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北距600米(mi),總(zong)面積為(wei)0.3平方公里,外有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)七層古(gu)塔(ta),塔(ta)下(xia)有(you)(you)慈(ci)云寺,與成北蟠龍山(shan)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)馬(ma)鞍山(shan)對峙,形(xing)成天然屏障。是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)座進(jin)可攻(gong)、退可守的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也是(shi)(shi)廣西(xi)難得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保留較(jiao)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)之一(yi)(yi),幾百年(nian)來重(zhong)修(xiu)過8次。明(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原有(you)(you)4座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men):東(dong)為(wei)升平門(men)(men)(men)(men),西(xi)為(wei)泰定門(men)(men)(men)(men),南(nan)(nan)為(wei)向日門(men)(men)(men)(men),北為(wei)迎恩門(men)(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)高(gao)(gao)(gao)6.5米(mi),周長51米(mi),原為(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)建,清乾隆八(ba)年(nian)(1743年(nian))易磚(zhuan)(zhuan)為(wei)大方青(qing)(qing)石。每塊(kuai)(kuai)一(yi)(yi)般長1.8米(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.58米(mi),厚1.02米(mi)。每座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)大約由831塊(kuai)(kuai)至896塊(kuai)(kuai)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大青(qing)(qing)石塊(kuai)(kuai)砌筑而成。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)造型(xing)(xing)大同小異,都有(you)(you)中道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)5.1米(mi),寬(kuan)4米(mi),縱深14.7米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)居中部分,有(you)(you)兩扇(shan)鐵木(mu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)厚大門(men)(men)(men)(men)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)銅(tong)釘鐵葉,巨(ju)型(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)環。大門(men)(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)廓有(you)(you)暗道(dao)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)外15米(mi)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地道(dao)相通(tong),可上(shang)(shang)(shang)可下(xia),攻(gong)守齊備(bei),進(jin)退自(zi)如(ru)。四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)現僅存東(dong)、南(nan)(nan)兩門(men)(men)(men)(men),已修(xiu)葺一(yi)(yi)新。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)頂為(wei)圓拱(gong)型(xing)(xing),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)采用(yong)(yong)“木(mu)廓結構(gou)”,由8根高(gao)(gao)(gao)6米(mi)、直徑(jing)30厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)柱支撐,不用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)根鐵釘,青(qing)(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)青(qing)(qing)瓦,紅柱飛(fei)檐。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)下(xia)另有(you)(you)“鯉(li)(li)魚石”作(zuo)標(biao)(biao)記,石上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)鯉(li)(li)魚圖案(an)。南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卡條石鑲砌,門(men)(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)外用(yong)(yong)鐵皮作(zuo)保護層,在緊(jin)靠(kao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內拱(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)留有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個長4米(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“箭洞”。南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)以“芒鞋石”為(wei)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),它是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)鞋底狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色石頭,鑲在一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)青(qing)(qing)石上(shang)(shang)(shang)。
城(cheng)(cheng)內街(jie)道共(gong)有(you)(you)4條,叫鎮(zhen)升、仁(ren)義、鎮(zhen)武(wu)、陽壽街(jie),交叉分成12方陣,呈(cheng)“井”字型布局。街(jie)道寬3米左(zuo)右,路面全用(yong)鵝卵(luan)石鑲嵌成金錢圖(tu)案,線條粗(cu)獷,古(gu)雅(ya)別致,俗稱“花街(jie)”。各(ge)條街(jie)道都有(you)(you)“子(zi)精樓”,也稱“燈樓”,由眾人推舉的(de)(de)(de)“燈頭”輪流(liu)管(guan)理。“明(ming)富(fu)川城(cheng)(cheng)”社會與經濟(ji)文化(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)鼎(ding)盛時期為明(ming)末清初。城(cheng)(cheng)內,井巷交錯、集市密(mi)布、居民成群(qun)。始設有(you)(you)衙署(shu)書院、寺祠(ci)廟(miao)庵、商鋪客棧(zhan),文娛雜耍等功(gong)能設施,且具明(ming)清風(feng)格的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)文化(hua)、宗教(jiao)祭祀(si)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建筑亦無所不全,其(qi)中典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)文武(wu)兩廟(miao)和城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)、文昌閣(ge)、報恩寺、慈(ci)云寺、節孝祠(ci)、昭忠祠(ci)及養濟(ji)院、坊(fang)表神樓與教(jiao)諭署(shu)麥(mai)嶺同知署(shu)、訓導署(shu)等古(gu)代建筑。俗稱“花街(jie)”的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)池步道中,井形(xing)構(gou)造,卵(luan)石鋪砌,圖(tu)案秀美(mei),棱圓相接,是堪稱廣(guang)西一絕的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)步道。
每年農歷正月初十至十五為元宵節,不論(lun)貧富,凡(fan)是生男的都要(yao)(yao)往“子精樓”送一盞精心(xin)制作并有各式(shi)圖文(wen)、寫有新生兒名(ming)字(zi)的彩燈。近年來,隨著人(ren)(ren)們生育觀念(nian)的改(gai)變,即使生了女孩(hai),也要(yao)(yao)往燈樓送一盞蓮花燈。那段時間,各街的龍獅,便在每天(tian)入夜(ye)后周游各燈樓。屆時龍獅薈萃,鞭(bian)炮震天(tian),人(ren)(ren)們匯集看燈,笑(xiao)語歡聲,熱鬧異常。
地址(zhi):廣西(xi)壯(zhuang)族自(zi)治區賀州市富(fu)川(chuan)瑤族自(zi)治縣文(wen)教路18號