富川古明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)是廣西(xi)保(bao)留(liu)較(jiao)為(wei)完整的(de)(de)古縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址之一。該城(cheng)(cheng)建于明(ming)洪武二(er)十九年(nian)(1396年(nian))。城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)“十”字架對稱,街道皆由(you)鵝卵石(shi)鋪(pu)成,鑲嵌有象征(zheng)(zheng)錢(qian)財、富貴的(de)(de)金(jin)錢(qian)圖(tu)(tu)案(an),象征(zheng)(zheng)幸福、光明(ming)的(de)(de)太陽圖(tu)(tu)案(an)。設有東南(nan)西(xi)北四(si)門(men)(men)(men)出(chu)入。東曰(yue)升平,南(nan)稱向日,西(xi)為(wei)泰定,北名迎恩。瀟賀古道自北門(men)(men)(men)入而從南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)出(chu)。四(si)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)俱(ju)為(wei)大(da)方(fang)青(qing)石(shi)構筑,每座城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)由(you)831塊至896塊整齊平滑的(de)(de)大(da)青(qing)石(shi)塊砌成。門(men)(men)(men)墻內窄外寬,各門(men)(men)(men)頂上均有城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou),雕(diao)欄飛檐(yan),堅固結實,雄偉壯觀。由(you)于歷史原因,人為(wei)損壞也比較(jiao)嚴重,目前(qian)只(zhi)剩東門(men)(men)(men)、南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)和北門(men)(men)(men)。
四個城門(men)(men)俱為大(da)方青石構筑(zhu),每座(zuo)城門(men)(men)由831塊至896塊整(zheng)齊平滑的大(da)青石塊砌成。各門(men)(men)頂上均有城樓,雕欄飛(fei)檐,堅固結實,雄偉壯觀。目前只剩東門(men)(men)、南(nan)門(men)(men)和北門(men)(men)。但(dan)多(duo)年來由于資金不(bu)足,加之諸多(duo)方面的原(yuan)因,古明城很多(duo)建筑(zhu)得不(bu)到有效的維護,文(wen)物古跡不(bu)斷受到破壞(huai)。
明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于富(fu)川瑤族自治(zhi)縣(xian)都龐嶺余脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西屏山(shan)下(xia)(xia)、富(fu)江上游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞭高(gao)嶺旁。據舊縣(xian)志載,該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建于明(ming)洪(hong)武二十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1396年(nian)(nian)(nian)),始為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土墻,明(ming)萬歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1573年(nian)(nian)(nian)~1620年(nian)(nian)(nian))改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)墻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)2113米(mi),高(gao)6米(mi),寬2.7米(mi),垛(duo)口(kou)909個,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西距(ju)500米(mi),南北距(ju)600米(mi),總面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.3平方公里,外(wai)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南有(you)七層古塔,塔下(xia)(xia)有(you)慈云寺,與成(cheng)北蟠(pan)龍山(shan)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)馬鞍(an)山(shan)對峙,形(xing)成(cheng)天然屏障。是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)進可攻、退可守(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事(shi)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),也是廣西難(nan)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)較(jiao)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址之一(yi)(yi),幾百年(nian)(nian)(nian)來重修(xiu)過8次。明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)有(you)4座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):東(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)升平門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),西為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰定(ding)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),南為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向日門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),北為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)迎恩門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)高(gao)6.5米(mi),周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)51米(mi),原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)建,清乾隆八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1743年(nian)(nian)(nian))易磚(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)方青石(shi)。每(mei)塊一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)1.8米(mi),高(gao)0.58米(mi),厚1.02米(mi)。每(mei)座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)約(yue)由831塊至896塊這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)青石(shi)塊砌(qi)筑而成(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)造型大(da)(da)同小(xiao)異,都有(you)中(zhong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)5.1米(mi),寬4米(mi),縱深14.7米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)居中(zhong)部分,有(you)兩扇(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)木(mu)(mu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴厚大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。上有(you)銅釘(ding)鐵(tie)葉,巨型門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)環。大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)(shan)上方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)廓有(you)暗道(dao)(dao)(dao)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)15米(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地道(dao)(dao)(dao)相通,可上可下(xia)(xia),攻守(shou)(shou)齊備,進退自如。四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)現僅存東(dong)、南兩門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),已修(xiu)葺一(yi)(yi)新。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓拱型,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)采用(yong)“木(mu)(mu)廓結構”,由8根高(gao)6米(mi)、直(zhi)徑30厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)柱支撐,不用(yong)一(yi)(yi)根鐵(tie)釘(ding),青磚(zhuan)青瓦,紅柱飛檐。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)下(xia)(xia)另有(you)“鯉(li)魚石(shi)”作標記,石(shi)上有(you)鯉(li)魚圖案。南門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)用(yong)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卡(ka)條(tiao)石(shi)鑲砌(qi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)扇(shan)(shan)外(wai)用(yong)鐵(tie)皮作保(bao)護層,在(zai)緊(jin)靠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)拱上留(liu)(liu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個長(chang)4米(mi),寬3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“箭洞”。南門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)以“芒(mang)鞋(xie)石(shi)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)標志,它是用(yong)一(yi)(yi)塊鞋(xie)底狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑色(se)石(shi)頭,鑲在(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊青石(shi)上。
城內(nei)街(jie)道共(gong)有(you)4條,叫鎮升、仁義、鎮武、陽壽街(jie),交叉分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)12方陣(zhen),呈“井”字型布局(ju)。街(jie)道寬3米左右,路面全用(yong)鵝卵石鑲嵌(qian)成(cheng)(cheng)金錢圖案,線條粗(cu)獷,古(gu)雅別致,俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“花街(jie)”。各(ge)條街(jie)道都有(you)“子精(jing)樓”,也(ye)稱(cheng)(cheng)“燈樓”,由眾人推舉(ju)的(de)(de)“燈頭”輪流管理(li)。“明(ming)富川(chuan)城”社(she)會與經濟文(wen)(wen)(wen)化發展的(de)(de)鼎盛時期為明(ming)末清初。城內(nei),井巷交錯、集市密(mi)布、居民成(cheng)(cheng)群。始設有(you)衙署書院、寺(si)(si)祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)庵、商鋪(pu)客棧(zhan),文(wen)(wen)(wen)娛雜耍等(deng)(deng)功能設施(shi),且具明(ming)清風格的(de)(de)政治文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、宗教(jiao)祭祀的(de)(de)古(gu)建筑亦無所不全,其中(zhong)典型的(de)(de)有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)武兩廟(miao)和城隍廟(miao)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌閣、報恩寺(si)(si)、慈(ci)云寺(si)(si)、節孝祠(ci)(ci)、昭忠祠(ci)(ci)及養濟院、坊表神樓與教(jiao)諭署麥嶺同(tong)知署、訓導署等(deng)(deng)古(gu)代建筑。俗稱(cheng)(cheng)“花街(jie)”的(de)(de)城池步(bu)道中(zhong),井形構造,卵石鋪(pu)砌,圖案秀(xiu)美,棱圓(yuan)相接,是堪稱(cheng)(cheng)廣西一絕(jue)的(de)(de)古(gu)城步(bu)道。
每年農歷正月初十(shi)至十(shi)五為元宵節,不論貧富(fu),凡是生(sheng)男的都要(yao)往“子精樓”送(song)一盞精心(xin)制作并有(you)各式圖文、寫有(you)新生(sheng)兒名字的彩燈(deng)。近年來,隨(sui)著人(ren)們生(sheng)育(yu)觀念(nian)的改變,即使生(sheng)了女(nv)孩,也要(yao)往燈(deng)樓送(song)一盞蓮(lian)花燈(deng)。那段時間(jian),各街的龍(long)(long)獅,便在每天入夜后周游各燈(deng)樓。屆時龍(long)(long)獅薈(hui)萃(cui),鞭炮(pao)震天,人(ren)們匯集看燈(deng),笑語歡聲,熱鬧異常。
地址:廣(guang)西壯(zhuang)族自治(zhi)(zhi)區賀州市富(fu)川瑤族自治(zhi)(zhi)縣文教路18號