紅棗(zao)(zao),鼠(shu)李科棗(zao)(zao)屬植物,成熟后變為紅色。常曬干(gan)制成棗(zao)(zao)干(gan)。它(ta)的維生素含量(liang)非常高,有“天然維生素丸”的美譽,具有滋陰補陽的功效。紅棗(zao)(zao)作為滋補佳品,素有“日食三棗(zao)(zao),長生不老”之說(shuo)。
可(ke)供藥用,有養胃、健脾、益血、滋補、強身之(zhi)效,棗(zao)(zao)仁和根均可(ke)入藥,棗(zao)(zao)仁可(ke)以安神,為重要(yao)藥品之(zhi)一。
棗(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)溫、味甘,具(ju)益氣補血(xue)、健脾和(he)胃、袪風(feng)功效(xiao),對治(zhi)療過敏性(xing)(xing)(xing)紫癜、貧血(xue)、高血(xue)壓(ya)、急(ji)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)肝炎和(he)肝硬化(hua)患者的血(xue)清轉(zhuan)氨(an)酶增高,以及預防輸血(xue)反(fan)應等均有理想效(xiao)果;大棗(zao)(zao)含有三萜類化(hua)合物(wu)及環磷酸(suan)腺苷,有較強(qiang)的抑癌、抗過敏作(zuo)用。棗(zao)(zao)中(zhong)含有抗疲勞作(zuo)用的物(wu)質(zhi),能增強(qiang)人的耐力,棗(zao)(zao)還具(ju)有減輕毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)對肝臟損害(hai)的功效(xiao)。棗(zao)(zao)中(zhong)的黃酮類化(hua)合物(wu),有鎮靜降血(xue)壓(ya)的作(zuo)用。
小(xiao)紅棗種植規格:株行(xing)距3×3米,每畝(mu)74株,種植時間在12月(yue)。
種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前先挖(wa)(wa)長、寬80厘米(mi)(mi),深60~80厘米(mi)(mi)的定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang)(tang),挖(wa)(wa)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)時(shi)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和底(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)分開堆放(fang),每(mei)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)底(di)(di)層放(fang)入草(cao)或(huo)秸稈,中(zhong)層用50公斤腐熟農家肥與表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)混勻后回填(tian)(tian),然后再回底(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(最好全用表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)),種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)回填(tian)(tian)后高于(yu)(yu)地面30厘米(mi)(mi),或(huo)者回土(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)填(tian)(tian)至低(di)于(yu)(yu)地面20厘米(mi)(mi)時(shi),灌透水(shui),使塘(tang)(tang)(tang)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)沉實后再填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu),使其略高于(yu)(yu)地面。種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)在(zai)定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)上挖(wa)(wa)一(yi)深20~30厘米(mi)(mi)的穴(xue),把棗苗放(fang)入穴(xue)中(zhong)央,邊填(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)邊提苗、踏實,蓋土(tu)(tu)(tu)后略高于(yu)(yu)地面,種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深度與苗在(zai)苗圃里的深度一(yi)致,不可(ke)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)深(埋過(guo)嫁接口)或(huo)過(guo)淺(qian)。種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后沿樹(shu)(shu)苗四(si)周整成直(zhi)徑1米(mi)(mi)的圓(yuan)形樹(shu)(shu)盤(pan),澆透定根水(shui)并用薄(bo)膜(一(yi)平方米(mi)(mi)大)進行樹(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆蓋,以保濕、增(zeng)溫(wen)、壓雜草(cao)。挖(wa)(wa)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)和種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)都要(yao)拉線,以保證苗木種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后達到“三看”一(yi)線。