紅(hong)棗(zao),鼠李科棗(zao)屬植物(wu),成熟后(hou)變為紅(hong)色(se)。常(chang)曬干制成棗(zao)干。它的維(wei)生素(su)含量非常(chang)高(gao),有(you)“天然維(wei)生素(su)丸(wan)”的美譽,具(ju)有(you)滋(zi)(zi)陰補(bu)陽的功(gong)效。紅(hong)棗(zao)作為滋(zi)(zi)補(bu)佳品(pin),素(su)有(you)“日食三棗(zao),長生不(bu)老”之(zhi)說。
可供藥(yao)(yao)用(yong),有養胃、健脾、益血、滋補、強身之效,棗仁和根均可入(ru)藥(yao)(yao),棗仁可以(yi)安神,為重要藥(yao)(yao)品之一。
棗性溫、味甘,具益氣補血(xue)(xue)(xue)、健脾和胃、袪風功(gong)效(xiao),對治(zhi)療過敏(min)性紫癜(dian)、貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)、高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓、急慢性肝(gan)炎和肝(gan)硬(ying)化患者的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)清轉氨(an)酶增(zeng)高(gao),以及(ji)預(yu)防輸(shu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)反應等均有(you)理想效(xiao)果;大棗含(han)有(you)三萜類化合(he)物及(ji)環磷(lin)酸腺苷,有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)抑癌、抗(kang)過敏(min)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。棗中含(han)有(you)抗(kang)疲(pi)勞作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)物質,能增(zeng)強(qiang)人的(de)耐力,棗還具有(you)減輕毒(du)性物質對肝(gan)臟損害的(de)功(gong)效(xiao)。棗中的(de)黃酮類化合(he)物,有(you)鎮靜降血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
小紅棗種植規格:株行(xing)距3×3米,每畝74株,種植時間在(zai)12月。
種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前先挖長、寬80厘(li)(li)(li)米,深(shen)(shen)(shen)60~80厘(li)(li)(li)米的(de)(de)定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang),挖塘(tang)(tang)時表土(tu)(tu)和底(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)分開堆(dui)放,每塘(tang)(tang)底(di)(di)層放入(ru)草或(huo)秸稈,中層用50公斤(jin)腐熟農家肥與表土(tu)(tu)混勻后回填,然后再回底(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(最好(hao)全用表土(tu)(tu)),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang)回填后高于(yu)地(di)面(mian)30厘(li)(li)(li)米,或(huo)者回土(tu)(tu)時填至(zhi)低于(yu)地(di)面(mian)20厘(li)(li)(li)米時,灌透(tou)水(shui),使塘(tang)(tang)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)沉實后再填土(tu)(tu),使其略(lve)高于(yu)地(di)面(mian)。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時在定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塘(tang)(tang)上挖一深(shen)(shen)(shen)20~30厘(li)(li)(li)米的(de)(de)穴,把棗(zao)苗放入(ru)穴中央,邊填土(tu)(tu)邊提苗、踏(ta)實,蓋土(tu)(tu)后略(lve)高于(yu)地(di)面(mian),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度與苗在苗圃(pu)里的(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度一致(zhi),不可種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過深(shen)(shen)(shen)(埋過嫁接口)或(huo)過淺(qian)。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后沿樹(shu)苗四(si)周(zhou)整成直徑(jing)1米的(de)(de)圓形樹(shu)盤,澆透(tou)定根(gen)水(shui)并用薄(bo)膜(mo)(一平方米大)進行樹(shu)盤覆蓋,以(yi)保濕(shi)、增溫、壓雜草。挖塘(tang)(tang)和種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時都要拉線(xian),以(yi)保證苗木種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后達到“三看(kan)”一線(xian)。