象雄半細(xi)毛羊(yang)外觀結構(gou)堅實(shi)(shi)(shi),鼻梁(liang)稍降起,頭部(bu)毛覆蓋至(zhi)(zhi)兩耳根聯線處,耳中(zhong)(zhong)等長,傾斜下垂,胸部(bu)寬(kuan)深,背腰平(ping)直,腹部(bu)充(chong)實(shi)(shi)(shi),尻部(bu)寬(kuan)平(ping)略斜,大(da)腿豐(feng)滿,四(si)肢(zhi)結實(shi)(shi)(shi),蹄質(zhi)黃色(se)(se),體軀(qu)圓筒型,前肢(zhi)毛至(zhi)(zhi)關節,后肢(zhi)毛至(zhi)(zhi)飛結。身被毛白色(se)(se),毛叢(cong)結構(gou)良好,彎曲一致,羊(yang)毛大(da)多中(zhong)(zhong)等彎曲,毛密度高,光澤度強,油汗白色(se)(se)或(huo)乳白色(se)(se),腹毛著生良好。公羊(yang)大(da)多有螺旋形大(da)角(jiao),母羊(yang)無角(jiao)或(huo)有小角(jiao)。肉(rou)毛用特征明顯(xian)。
象雄半細毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)腿(tui)肩背部脂肪豐滿,肌(ji)肉不顯(xian)露,大理石花紋豐富,脂肪和(he)肌(ji)肉硬實,全身骨骼不顯(xian)露,腿(tui)部肌(ji)肉較豐滿充(chong)實,微有(you)肌(ji)肉隆(long)起,背部和(he)肩部比(bi)較寬厚。肌(ji)肉結構(gou)緊(jin)密(mi),有(you)堅(jian)實感,肌(ji)纖維韌性強,外表有(you)風干膜,不黏(nian)手,肌(ji)肉色鮮(xian)紅,有(you)光澤;脂肪呈(cheng)白(bai)色,具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉正(zheng)常氣味(wei),煮沸后肉湯澄清(qing)透明,具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)肉湯固有(you)的香味(wei)和(he)鮮(xian)味(wei)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛細度在56-58支之間,同(tong)質性好,油汗適中,毛產量(liang)平均達到2.16千(qian)克。
象雄半細毛羊羊肉蛋白質含量為20.0-23克/100克,脂肪含量為7.0-7.7克/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),維(wei)生素A含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9.8-10微克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),維(wei)生素E含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5-0.6毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),維(wei)生素B3含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4.4-4.7毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鐵含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)25-26毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鎂(mei)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24.5-25毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),錳含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.18-0.23毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鉀(jia)含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)340-370毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),鋅含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.9-2.4毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),硒含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)8-12u克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),飽和(he)(he)脂肪酸含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5-4.2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),不飽和(he)(he)脂肪酸含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.5-3.1克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),16種氨基酸總含(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)16-19克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。
檢驗結(jie)果顯示:象(xiang)雄半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)平(ping)均(jun)細度(du)(du)(du)(du)25.27微(wei)米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)1歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)細度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)22微(wei)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),低于其(qi)他各年齡(ling)(ling)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)細度(du)(du)(du)(du);2歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和5歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)細度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)25微(wei)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you);3歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和4歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)細度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)26微(wei)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)叢(cong)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)平(ping)均(jun)69.55毫米(mi)(mi),1歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)平(ping)均(jun)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)62毫米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you);5歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)叢(cong)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)68毫米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you);而2歲(sui)(sui)、3歲(sui)(sui)、4歲(sui)(sui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)叢(cong)長度(du)(du)(du)(du)均(jun)在(zai)71-73毫米(mi)(mi)間。平(ping)均(jun)凈毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)率58.58%,不(bu)同(tong)年齡(ling)(ling)段(duan)凈毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)率均(jun)分布在(zai)56%-60%間,且隨(sui)著年齡(ling)(ling)的增長,凈毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)率有逐漸降低的趨勢。各年齡(ling)(ling)段(duan)象(xiang)雄半(ban)細毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)白度(du)(du)(du)(du)、光(guang)澤度(du)(du)(du)(du)、黃度(du)(du)(du)(du)平(ping)均(jun)值都在(zai)66左(zuo)右(you),沒有隨(sui)年齡(ling)(ling)增長出現顯著差異。
象雄半細毛羊(yang)成年公羊(yang)平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)55-62千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),胴(dong)體重(zhong)(zhong)20-25千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)。成年母羊(yang)平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)35-45千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),胴(dong)體重(zhong)(zhong)22-27千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),周(zhou)(zhou)歲(sui)公羊(yang)平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)15-20千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),胴(dong)體重(zhong)(zhong)8-16千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),周(zhou)(zhou)歲(sui)母羊(yang)平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)13-19千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke),胴(dong)體重(zhong)(zhong)7-14千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)。
象雄(xiong)半(ban)細毛羊公羊性成熟期(qi)為8-18個(ge)月(yue),2.5歲配種,母羊性成熟期(qi)為6-12個(ge)月(yue),發情周期(qi)17-19天(tian),受胎率92%,妊娠期(qi)148-152天(tian)。
阿里地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜(za)多樣,地(di)(di)勢自南向北次第(di)抬升。噶爾(er)縣(xian)為高山寬谷(gu)(gu)區(qu),札達縣(xian)為高山峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)區(qu)。
象雄半細(xi)毛羊保護區(qu)地勢北高南低,平均海拔高度4300-5500米。草(cao)(cao)場類型以(yi)高山荒(huang)漠草(cao)(cao)場為主(zhu),主(zhu)要牧草(cao)(cao)有(you)高山針茅、變色錦雞(ji)兒、苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)等,植(zhi)被生長低矮稀疏。人工種植(zhi)的飼草(cao)(cao)有(you)箭筈(gua)豌豆、披堿草(cao)(cao)、燕麥(mai)草(cao)(cao)、紫花苜(mu)蓿(xu)、青稞等。適宜象雄半細(xi)毛羊養殖。
象雄半細毛(mao)羊保(bao)護區地(di)處象泉河(he)、獅泉河(he)流(liu)域,擁有(you)較為豐富的(de)徑(jing)流(liu)、冰雪和地(di)下水資源(yuan)。
象雄半細毛羊保護區(qu)屬高原(yuan)亞寒帶干旱(han)氣候區(qu),氣溫較低(di),晝夜溫差(cha)大(da)。無(wu)絕對無(wu)霜期,相(xiang)對無(wu)霜期90天左右,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫度不到1℃,年最低(di)氣溫為(wei)零下36℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年降水量約(yue)為(wei)150毫米(mi)。
2017年,阿里地區良種場現(xian)已組建核心群3000只(zhi),出欄量達(da)到(dao)了300只(zhi)。
2018年,阿(a)里地區(qu)象雄半細(xi)毛羊養殖(zhi)規模達2.8萬只(zhi),產(chan)毛量(liang)72噸、肉產(chan)量(liang)89.6噸。
2018年(nian)9月5日,中華人民共和國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村部批準對(dui)“象(xiang)雄(xiong)半細毛羊(yang)”實施國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理標志登記保護。
按藏史記載,早在上(shang)千年前(qian),象(xiang)雄便有了(le)養羊的歷史。象(xiang)雄本土即現(xian)阿里地區所轄全(quan)境。
1964年(nian),西藏阿里地(di)區扎達縣成立良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)場,進行(xing)象雄(xiong)半細毛(mao)羊的培育工作。以高原型(xing)藏羊為(wei)母(mu)本,新(xin)疆細毛(mao)羊和內蒙古(gu)茨蓋羊為(wei)父本,進行(xing)三品種(zhong)(zhong)雜交。
2005年7-8月,扎達縣良種(zhong)場(chang)經過選育,初步形成了(le)(le)茨新藏改(gai)良綿羊(yang)品系(xi),受西藏自(zi)治區(qu)農(nong)牧(mu)廳委托,農(nong)牧(mu)廳畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫推廣中心和農(nong)科院畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫研(yan)究(jiu)所等有關專家對良種(zhong)場(chang)半(ban)細(xi)毛羊(yang)育種(zhong)工作進行了(le)(le)階段性(xing)的鑒定驗收。將茨新藏羊(yang)暫命名為“阿里地區(qu)毛肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)毛新品種(zhong)群”。
2013年,扎達縣(xian)良(liang)種(zhong)場育種(zhong)群的(de)規模改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊存欄數量已(yi)達到8177只,以茨新藏改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(即象雄半細毛羊)為主的(de)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)育種(zhong)推廣工作,已(yi)達到自治區內育種(zhong)標準的(de)生(sheng)產性(xing)能指標和新品系(xi)的(de)種(zhong)群數量。
“十三五”期間(jian)(2016年-2020年),阿里地區堅(jian)持“突出區域(yu)特(te)色,發揮比較優勢,整村整鄉(xiang)推進,促進產(chan)業(ye)集聚”的發展(zhan)思路,依托良種場,發展(zhan)養(yang)殖(zhi)大戶,規(gui)劃建(jian)立(li)象(xiang)雄半細毛(mao)羊主產(chan)區域(yu),適(shi)度發展(zhan)現代規(gui)模化養(yang)殖(zhi)。把(ba)象(xiang)雄半細毛(mao)羊品牌建(jian)設作(zuo)為突破口,逐(zhu)步建(jian)立(li)“專業(ye)合作(zuo)社+基(ji)地+農牧(mu)戶”的生產(chan)營銷機制(zhi)。
2018年(nian)1月8日(ri),象雄半細毛羊入選國家(jia)畜(chu)禽新(xin)(xin)品種目錄,正式命名為(wei)‘象雄半細毛羊’國家(jia)級(ji)新(xin)(xin)品種。