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自然生態環境

銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精保護區域地(di)處羅霄山(shan)脈北(bei)端東部(bu)(bu)，屬于中亞(ya)熱(re)帶北(bei)部(bu)(bu)濕潤氣候，地(di)勢由西南向東北(bei)傾(qing)斜，境(jing)內(nei)山(shan)丘連(lian)綿起伏，森林覆蓋率(lv)87.4%，負氧離子含量(liang)(liang)達7萬個/cm3；土壤(rang)為紅壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)(huang)壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)和山(shan)地(di)草甸土，土層(ceng)深厚，養(yang)分豐(feng)富，滲(shen)透(tou)性良好，土壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)(liang)2.85%～12.52%，PH值4.9～6.5；境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐(feng)富，雨量(liang)(liang)充沛，氣候溫潤，冬無(wu)嚴(yan)寒，夏(xia)少酷暑，四季分明，光照充足，年平均氣溫16.2℃，平均日照1496.8 h，無(wu)霜期265d，平均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1732.8mm。獨(du)特的(de)(de)氣候環境(jing)條件(jian)，形成了銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精種植(zhi)的(de)(de)獨(du)特自然生態環境(jing)。

地域范圍

銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)精(jing)保護(hu)區域位(wei)于(yu)江西(xi)省宜(yi)春市銅(tong)鼓縣(xian)(xian)，贛西(xi)北山(shan)區，修(xiu)河上游，東(dong)鄰宜(yi)豐縣(xian)(xian)，南接萬載縣(xian)(xian)，西(xi)界(jie)瀏(liu)陽(yang)市、平江縣(xian)(xian)，北連修(xiu)水縣(xian)(xian)。銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)精(jing)地域保護(hu)范圍(wei)包括銅(tong)鼓縣(xian)(xian)的港(gang)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、棋(qi)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、高橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、排埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)、溫泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、永寧鎮(zhen)(zhen)、三都(dou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大塅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、帶溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)9個鄉(xiang)(xiang)（鎮(zhen)(zhen)）；保護(hu)范圍(wei)位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)徑(jing)114°04′40″～114°43′54″，北緯28°22′59″～28°49′46″。保護(hu)面積(ji)3954公頃，年產量(liang)29655噸(dun)。

產品品質特征

（1）外在感(gan)官特征(zheng)：銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)呈長(chang)條結(jie)(jie)節(jie)塊狀，常數個塊狀結(jie)(jie)節(jie)相(xiang)連，長(chang)4～20 cm，直徑1～3 cm。表面灰黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)或黃(huang)(huang)褐色(se)(se)，粗糙，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)上側(ce)有突出的圓盤(pan)狀莖痕，直徑0.8～1.8cm。質(zhi)(zhi)硬而韌，不易折(zhe)斷(duan)，斷(duan)面角(jiao)質(zhi)(zhi)，淡黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)至黃(huang)(huang)棕色(se)(se)。氣微，味甜，嚼(jiao)之有黏性。銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)表面灰黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)狀，姜形，圓盤(pan)狀莖痕，飽滿(man)，多糖含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)。 （2）內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標：水分≤17.0%，總灰分≤3.9%，酸不溶性灰分≤1.5%，黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)多糖≥10.0%，浸(jin)出物≥55.0％，蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)≥2.5%。 （3）質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全要求(qiu)：銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符合《中華人民共和國藥典》的規定。

特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)：銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)偏酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)，以(yi)(yi)pH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.9～6.5最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)土(tu)壤(rang)類型為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)(huang)壤(rang)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)(huang)棕壤(rang)和(he)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)疏松(song)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、陰濕(shi)但排水條件(jian)(jian)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 （2）品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)：本地(di)(di)(di)(di)多花黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)（Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua）。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)控(kong)制：為(wei)(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)特色，重點加強以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術控(kong)制： ①種(zhong)(zhong)苗繁育：在(zai)秋季(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)子轉黑時(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)(qu)成(cheng)熟(shu)、飽(bao)滿、無病(bing)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子進行沙藏（種(zhong)(zhong)子1份(fen)與(yu)砂(sha)土(tu)3份(fen)混合均(jun)勻(yun)）處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)，存于(yu)背陰處(chu)(chu)30cm深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坑(keng)內，保(bao)(bao)持濕(shi)潤，防(fang)止(zhi)積(ji)水，于(yu)次年(nian)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)取(qu)(qu)出(chu)，篩出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)子，按行距12～15cm均(jun)勻(yun)撒播(bo)(bo)到(dao)畦(qi)(qi)(qi)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)溝內，蓋土(tu)約1.5cm，稍壓(ya)后(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)水，并蓋一(yi)層(ceng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)。出(chu)苗前去掉蓋草(cao)(cao)(cao)，苗高6～9cm時(shi)，過密處(chu)(chu)可適(shi)(shi)(shi)當間(jian)苗，l年(nian)后(hou)(hou)移(yi)栽。 ②移(yi)栽定植(zhi)(zhi)：選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)有(you)蔭蔽條件(jian)(jian)和(he)排水條件(jian)(jian)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)透(tou)光充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林下(xia)開(kai)闊(kuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)或(huo)(huo)有(you)人工遮蔭條件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)田進行栽植(zhi)(zhi)。林下(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般于(yu)秋季(ji)先砍伐清除(chu)(chu)灌木(mu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)，保(bao)(bao)留(liu)林木(mu)，將地(di)(di)(di)(di)深翻30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)整平(ping)；在(zai)農(nong)田種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，茬口選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)最(zui)好前茬為(wei)(wei)(wei)水稻、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)休閑地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)，深翻30 cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，施足生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，然后(hou)(hou)耙平(ping)耙細，作寬100～120cm，高25～30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi)(qi)(qi)，畦(qi)(qi)(qi)溝寬50cm，同時(shi)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)四周通(tong)順溝渠(qu)，以(yi)(yi)利(li)排水防(fang)澇。于(yu)3月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬或(huo)(huo)10月(yue)下(xia)旬，在(zai)整好畦(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)按深10～15cm，行距25cm，株距15～20cm挖(wa)穴，穴底挖(wa)松(song)整平(ping)，每穴栽植(zhi)(zhi)銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)一(yi)株，覆(fu)土(tu)壓(ya)緊，澆(jiao)透(tou)水，再覆(fu)蓋細土(tu)與(yu)畦(qi)(qi)(qi)床相平(ping)。 ③種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)：在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長前期要(yao)經常中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)，每年(nian)于(yu)4、6、9、11月(yue)各(ge)進行1次，宜(yi)淺(qian)鋤并適(shi)(shi)(shi)當培土(tu)，后(hou)(hou)期拔草(cao)(cao)(cao)即可。若遇(yu)干旱(han)或(huo)(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)較向陽、干旱(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)及時(shi)澆(jiao)水。每年(nian)結合中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)追施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)施于(yu)行間(jian)開(kai)溝處(chu)(chu)，后(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)蓋肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)：遵循“以(yi)(yi)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，從(cong)整個(ge)銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統出(chu)發，以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎(chu)，綜合運用物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)措施，創(chuang)造(zao)不利(li)于(yu)病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而有(you)利(li)于(yu)各(ge)類天敵繁衍(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)(jian)，增(zeng)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)，保(bao)(bao)持種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)鏈平(ping)衡，減少各(ge)類病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)所(suo)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。 ⑤采(cai)收(shou)(shou)與(yu)加工： A采(cai)收(shou)(shou)：春、秋兩季(ji)均(jun)可，以(yi)(yi)秋季(ji)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)佳，栽培3～4年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)株莖桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)葉(xie)片(pian)枯萎時(shi)即可采(cai)收(shou)(shou)，挖(wa)取(qu)(qu)根(gen)莖，除(chu)(chu)去地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部分及須根(gen)，用竹刀(dao)或(huo)(huo)木(mu)條刮掉泥土(tu)，避免弄傷(shang)塊(kuai)(kuai)根(gen)。 B加工：選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)表(biao)面(mian)泛(fan)黃(huang)(huang)、斷(duan)面(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)乳白或(huo)(huo)淡棕色，飽(bao)滿、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)厚(hou)、彈性(xing)(xing)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)置蒸(zheng)籠內蒸(zheng)至(zhi)透(tou)心、呈(cheng)(cheng)油(you)潤狀時(shi)，取(qu)(qu)出(chu)曬干或(huo)(huo)烘(hong)干，切片(pian)，包裝貯(zhu)藏。 （4）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄：建立(li)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄檔案，確(que)保(bao)(bao)記錄檔案可追溯銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)全過程(cheng)，檔案資料(liao)力求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)準(zhun)確(que)、清晰(xi)、完整，并妥善保(bao)(bao)存3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)備查(cha)閱。

包裝標識規定

（1）符合下(xia)列條件(jian)的(de)(de)單(dan)位和(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)向登(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書持(chi)有人(ren)申請使(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)： ①生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)自登(deng)記確(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)范圍； ②已取(qu)得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營資(zi)質； ③能夠(gou)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)質量技(ji)術規(gui)范組織開展(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營活動； ④具有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品市場開發經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營能力。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)當(dang)按照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營年度與登(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書持(chi)有人(ren)簽訂使(shi)(shi)用(yong)協議(yi)，在(zai)協議(yi)中載明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)數(shu)量、范圍和(he)相關責(ze)任義務(wu)。 （2）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)享有以(yi)下(xia)權利： ①可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品及包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)（銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)名稱(cheng)和(he)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)等）； ②可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)登(deng)記的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，進(jin)行(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品宣傳(chuan)和(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及展(zhan)銷(xiao)。 （3）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應(ying)當(dang)履行(xing)以(yi)下(xia)義務(wu)： ①自覺(jue)接(jie)受登(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書持(chi)有人(ren)的(de)(de)監督(du)檢查(cha)； ②保證(zheng)(zheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品品質和(he)信(xin)譽(yu)； ③正確(que)(que)規(gui)范地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。 （4）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營者應(ying)當(dang)建立質量控制追溯體系(xi)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)有人(ren)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)質量和(he)信(xin)譽(yu)負責(ze)； （5）任何單(dan)位和(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)不(bu)準偽造、冒(mao)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)和(he)登(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)書； （6）鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)勵(li)單(dan)位和(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)社會監督(du)