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自然生態環境

銅(tong)(tong)鼓黃精保護(hu)區域地(di)(di)處羅霄山(shan)脈北(bei)端(duan)東(dong)部，屬于中亞熱(re)帶北(bei)部濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，地(di)(di)勢由西南向東(dong)北(bei)傾斜，境內(nei)山(shan)丘(qiu)連綿起伏(fu)，森林覆蓋率87.4%，負氧離(li)子含量(liang)達(da)7萬個/cm3；土壤(rang)為紅壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)黃棕壤(rang)和山(shan)地(di)(di)草甸土，土層(ceng)深厚，養分豐富，滲透性良好(hao)，土壤(rang)有(you)機質含量(liang)2.85%～12.52%，PH值4.9～6.5；境內(nei)水(shui)資源豐富，雨量(liang)充沛(pei)，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫潤，冬無嚴寒，夏(xia)少酷(ku)暑，四季分明，光照充足，年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫16.2℃，平均(jun)日照1496.8 h，無霜期265d，平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1732.8mm。獨特的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)環(huan)境條(tiao)件，形成(cheng)了(le)銅(tong)(tong)鼓黃精種植的獨特自然生態環(huan)境。

地域范圍

銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)黃精保護區域位于江(jiang)西(xi)省宜春市銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)縣，贛西(xi)北山區，修(xiu)河上游，東(dong)鄰宜豐縣，南接(jie)萬載縣，西(xi)界(jie)瀏陽市、平江(jiang)縣，北連修(xiu)水(shui)縣。銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)黃精地域保護范圍包(bao)括銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)縣的港口鄉、棋坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、高(gao)橋鄉、排埠(bu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、溫(wen)泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、永寧鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三(san)都鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大塅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、帶溪鄉等9個鄉（鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)）；保護范圍位于東(dong)徑114°04′40″～114°43′54″，北緯(wei)28°22′59″～28°49′46″。保護面積3954公頃(qing)，年產量29655噸。

產品品質特征

（1）外在感官特征(zheng)：銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)呈長條結(jie)(jie)節(jie)塊(kuai)(kuai)狀(zhuang)，常數個塊(kuai)(kuai)狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)節(jie)相連，長4～20 cm，直徑(jing)1～3 cm。表(biao)面(mian)灰(hui)(hui)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)或黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)褐(he)色(se)，粗糙，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)上側有突出的圓盤狀(zhuang)莖(jing)痕，直徑(jing)0.8～1.8cm。質(zhi)(zhi)硬而韌，不易折斷，斷面(mian)角質(zhi)(zhi)，淡黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)至(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)棕(zong)色(se)。氣微，味甜，嚼(jiao)之有黏性(xing)。銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)表(biao)面(mian)灰(hui)(hui)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)狀(zhuang)，姜形，圓盤狀(zhuang)莖(jing)痕，飽滿，多糖(tang)含量高。 （2）內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標：水分≤17.0%，總灰(hui)(hui)分≤3.9%，酸不溶性(xing)灰(hui)(hui)分≤1.5%，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)多糖(tang)≥10.0%，浸出物≥55.0％，蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)≥2.5%。 （3）質(zhi)(zhi)量安全要(yao)求：銅鼓黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量符合《中華人民共和國(guo)藥典》的規定。

特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)求：銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精適宜(yi)偏(pian)酸性土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)pH值為(wei)(wei)4.9～6.5最為(wei)(wei)適宜(yi)，要(yao)(yao)求土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)和山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)，選擇(ze)質地(di)(di)(di)疏松(song)(song)肥(fei)沃、陰(yin)濕(shi)但排(pai)水條件(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 （2）品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)：本地(di)(di)(di)多花黃精（Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua）。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)控(kong)制：為(wei)(wei)了(le)保證銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質特色，重點加(jia)強(qiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下幾個方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術控(kong)制： ①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗繁育：在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)轉黑時(shi)(shi)選取(qu)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)、飽(bao)滿、無病(bing)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)進行(xing)(xing)沙(sha)藏(zang)（種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)1份與砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)3份混合(he)(he)均勻(yun)）處理后，存(cun)于背陰(yin)處30cm深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坑內(nei)，保持(chi)濕(shi)潤，防(fang)止(zhi)積(ji)水，于次年(nian)(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)取(qu)出(chu)，篩(shai)出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，按行(xing)(xing)距12～15cm均勻(yun)撒播(bo)到畦(qi)(qi)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺溝內(nei)，蓋土(tu)(tu)(tu)約1.5cm，稍壓后澆水，并(bing)蓋一層草(cao)(cao)保濕(shi)。出(chu)苗前去掉蓋草(cao)(cao)，苗高6～9cm時(shi)(shi)，過密(mi)處可(ke)(ke)適當間苗，l年(nian)(nian)后移栽(zai)(zai)。 ②移栽(zai)(zai)定植(zhi)：選擇(ze)有(you)蔭蔽條件(jian)和排(pai)水條件(jian)，上(shang)(shang)層透光充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林下開(kai)闊地(di)(di)(di)帶或(huo)(huo)有(you)人工遮蔭條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農田進行(xing)(xing)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。林下套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般于秋(qiu)季先砍伐清(qing)除(chu)(chu)灌木雜草(cao)(cao)，保留林木，將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)深翻(fan)30cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)農田種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，茬口選擇(ze)上(shang)(shang)最好(hao)前茬為(wei)(wei)水稻(dao)、綠肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)休閑地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)，深翻(fan)30 cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，施足生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農家肥(fei)，然(ran)后耙(pa)平(ping)耙(pa)細，作寬100～120cm，高25～30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi)(qi)，畦(qi)(qi)溝寬50cm，同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)四(si)周(zhou)通順溝渠，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利排(pai)水防(fang)澇。于3月上(shang)(shang)旬或(huo)(huo)10月下旬，在(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)好(hao)畦(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)上(shang)(shang)按深10～15cm，行(xing)(xing)距25cm，株(zhu)(zhu)距15～20cm挖(wa)穴，穴底挖(wa)松(song)(song)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)，每穴栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精一株(zhu)(zhu)，覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)壓緊(jin)，澆透水，再覆蓋細土(tu)(tu)(tu)與畦(qi)(qi)床相平(ping)。 ③種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)管理：在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)前期(qi)要(yao)(yao)經常中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)，每年(nian)(nian)于4、6、9、11月各(ge)進行(xing)(xing)1次，宜(yi)淺鋤并(bing)適當培土(tu)(tu)(tu)，后期(qi)拔草(cao)(cao)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)。若遇(yu)干(gan)旱或(huo)(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)較向陽、干(gan)旱地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)澆水。每年(nian)(nian)結合(he)(he)中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)追施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)腐熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農家肥(fei)，將(jiang)肥(fei)料施于行(xing)(xing)間開(kai)溝處，后覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋肥(fei)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)：遵循“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主，綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，從整(zheng)(zheng)個銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統出(chu)發，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎，綜合(he)(he)運(yun)用物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施，創(chuang)造不利于病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)孳(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而有(you)利于各(ge)類(lei)天敵繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境條件(jian)，增進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性，保持(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)鏈(lian)平(ping)衡(heng)，減少(shao)各(ge)類(lei)病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。 ⑤采(cai)收(shou)與加(jia)工： A采(cai)收(shou)：春、秋(qiu)兩季均可(ke)(ke)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)季采(cai)收(shou)為(wei)(wei)佳(jia)，栽(zai)(zai)培3～4年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)莖桿上(shang)(shang)葉片(pian)枯萎(wei)時(shi)(shi)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)收(shou)，挖(wa)取(qu)根(gen)莖，除(chu)(chu)去地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)分(fen)及須根(gen)，用竹(zhu)刀或(huo)(huo)木條刮(gua)掉泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)，避免弄(nong)傷塊(kuai)根(gen)。 B加(jia)工：選擇(ze)表面泛黃、斷面呈(cheng)乳白(bai)或(huo)(huo)淡棕(zong)色，飽(bao)滿、肥(fei)厚、彈性足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精置蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠內(nei)蒸(zheng)(zheng)至透心、呈(cheng)油潤狀(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)出(chu)曬(shai)干(gan)或(huo)(huo)烘干(gan)，切片(pian)，包裝貯藏(zang)。 （4）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)：建立完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)檔案(an)，確保記錄(lu)檔案(an)可(ke)(ke)追溯銅(tong)鼓(gu)黃精實際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)全過程，檔案(an)資料力求準確、清(qing)晰、完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)，并(bing)妥善保存(cun)3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備查(cha)閱。

包裝標識規定

（1）符合下列條(tiao)件的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)向登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)申請使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)： ①生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)自登記確定的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域范(fan)圍； ②已(yi)取(qu)得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)資質(zhi)； ③能夠嚴格(ge)按(an)(an)照規定的(de)(de)質(zhi)量技術規范(fan)組織(zhi)開(kai)展(zhan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)活動； ④具有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市場開(kai)發經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)能力。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)(ying)當按(an)(an)照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)年度與登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)簽訂使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協(xie)議，在(zai)協(xie)議中載(zai)明使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量、范(fan)圍和(he)(he)相關責任(ren)義務。 （2）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)享有(you)(you)以(yi)下權(quan)利： ①可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)包裝上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)（銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名稱(cheng)和(he)(he)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖(tu)案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注等）； ②可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登記的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，進行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)宣傳和(he)(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及(ji)展(zhan)銷。 （3）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)(ying)當履行(xing)(xing)以(yi)下義務： ①自覺接受(shou)登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)檢查； ②保證(zheng)(zheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)(he)信(xin)譽； ③正確規范(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。 （4）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)者(zhe)應(ying)(ying)當建立質(zhi)量控制追溯體系(xi)，農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)信(xin)譽負責； （5）任(ren)何單(dan)(dan)位和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不準偽造(zao)、冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)； （6）鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)勵單(dan)(dan)位和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)社會監(jian)督(du)