魯一(yi)同先(xian)世為(wei)明末翰林,清(qing)初(chu)隨吳三桂征討云南,后(hou)(hou)“窺(kui)其有異志,挈(qie)孥而逃于淮(huai)安之山(shan)陽,遂占籍焉。”后(hou)(hou)祖輩居安東(dong)東(dong)佃湖,所(suo)居成(cheng)村,名魯家莊(今(jin)漣水縣方渡鄉(xiang))。清(qing)嘉慶九(jiu)年(nian)乙丑(1805年(nian)),魯一(yi)同生于此,成(cheng)年(nian)后(hou)(hou)“始遷清(qing)河(今(jin)淮(huai)安市淮(huai)陰區(qu))”。其父長泰,字瞻巖,號特(te)山(shan),別署小魚頭道(dao)人。乾(qian)隆(long)辛亥(hai)(1791年(nian))淮(huai)郡庠(xiang)生,“工(gong)書善畫,閉門養素,以(yi)道(dao)自貞(zhen)”,尤善繪花鳥蟲魚,世人重其畫雞(ji),時稱(cheng)“魯雞(ji)”。
少年(nian)魯一(yi)同(tong)(tong)聰穎過人,幼從(cong)(cong)三(san)姐蘭仙(xian)(字靈香)識(shi)字,繼又(you)(you)隨(sui)之入塾(shu)。六歲通五(wu)音(yin),“少長工為古文辭”,塾(shu)師徐念劬先(xian)生(sheng)以孔(kong)文舉(ju)(融(rong))、楊德祖(修)相期。十(shi)(shi)三(san)歲從(cong)(cong)巢湖(hu)楊欲仁先(xian)生(sheng)學。楊字體之,別號鐵梅(mei)道(dao)人,善畫梅(mei),有(you)名(ming)(ming)于世。魯一(yi)同(tong)(tong)侍其(qi)作畫,展(zhan)紙研墨(mo),觀摩(mo)學習,興趣油然而生(sheng),又(you)(you)從(cong)(cong)習畫,盡得其(qi)傳(chuan)。十(shi)(shi)七歲入山陽(yang)縣學,十(shi)(shi)八歲鄉試中(zhong)副榜第二(er)名(ming)(ming)(副貢(gong)生(sheng))。道(dao)光十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)乙未(1835年(nian))中(zhong)第二(er)十(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)舉(ju)人,時年(nian)三(san)十(shi)(shi)二(er)。后(hou)數應(ying)會(hui)試均不能金榜題名(ming)(ming),然魯一(yi)同(tong)(tong)以他的(de)古文、詩詞和(he)墨(mo)梅(mei)在應(ying)試舉(ju)子中(zhong)享有(you)盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)。
一起參加(jia)會(hui)試的蔡姓(xing)舉人(ren)偶問一同姓(xing)名,大驚說:“少時(shi)讀先(xian)生文(wen),嘗恨古人(ren)不可復見(jian),乃今先(xian)生故在也(ye)!”立即尊一同為老(lao)師(shi)。
寶山(shan)毛岳生見一同文章,以(yi)為(wei)“七百年來,文患于柔弱,惟(wei)此能(neng)得剛健之美”。
建寧張際亮在道光時以詩名(ming)聞全國,號稱“小太白”,讀一(yi)同(tong)古(gu)歌行,自以為不(bu)及(ji)。
清末著名文士李慈銘稱贊(zan)說:“通甫詩(shi)(shi)氣象雄闊、浩(hao)蕩(dang)之勢,獨往獨來,傳之將(jiang)來,足當詩(shi)(shi)史(shi)。”
當(dang)代著名學(xue)者(zhe)錢仲聯也稱贊一同鴉(ya)片戰爭時期(qi)的(de)《三公(gong)篇(pian)》、《讀(du)史雜(za)感》、《重有感》等愛國詩篇(pian)“魄力沉雄,蒼涼盤郁”,“嗣響杜陵”,“在道光時代,他是江蘇詩壇杰出(chu)的(de)一人。”
曾任(ren)安徽巡撫、湖(hu)廣(guang)總督(du)的周(zhou)天(tian)爵(敬修)“見其文曰,此天(tian)下(xia)大才(cai)也(ye)”。
時(shi)任禮(li)部(bu)侍郎(lang)的曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩(fan)輕車簡(jian)從去館舍拜(bai)訪“問天(tian)下事”。曾(ceng)(ceng)對人說“淮安魯(lu)一同(tong)(tong)若成進士,天(tian)下之(zhi)幸也。”到揭(jie)榜,仍(reng)無(wu)魯(lu)一同(tong)(tong)名。曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩(fan)甚“為懊喪,如(ru)失左(zuo)右手”。
魯(lu)一(yi)同(tong)留心時務,好為激切(qie)之(zhi)言(yan)。早在鴉片戰爭前,就(jiu)對(dui)道光(guang)朝的(de)社會矛盾(dun)有敏銳感(gan)覺和(he)深遠憂慮,與同(tong)鄉(xiang)潘德輿有師(shi)友之(zhi)誼(yi)。
道(dao)光十七(qi)年(nian)(1837年(nian))林(lin)則徐赴湖廣總督任(ren),惜一同才,請他(ta)入(ru)幕,因親老(lao)而未成行。因受到曾(ceng)國藩的賞識,太平天(tian)國革(ge)命爆發后,在家(jia)鄉替清河(he)縣知(zhi)縣吳堂謀劃(hua),抗拒(ju)太平軍;又向安徽巡撫(fu)江(jiang)忠源提(ti)出了先攻旁郡(jun)后打南京(jing)的戰略(lve)計劃(hua)。但他(ta)始終未為(wei)幕僚。
是年秋(qiu),應(ying)邀(yao)去邳(pi)(pi)州(zhou)(zhou)(今邳(pi)(pi)州(zhou)(zhou)市)修(xiu)《邳(pi)(pi)州(zhou)(zhou)志》。魯所纂修(xiu)的(de)(de)《邳(pi)(pi)州(zhou)(zhou)志》被(bei)推(tui)崇(chong)為名志,有“志家法(fa)程”的(de)(de)美譽(yu)。完成后(hou),又(you)應(ying)清河知(zhi)縣(xian)之邀(yao)在(zai)清江浦慈(ci)云寺(今淮安市市區)修(xiu)《清河縣(xian)志》。
咸豐五年(nian)(1855年(nian))歸館(guan)吳城(cheng)義塾(shu)。同治(zhi)二年(nian)(1863年(nian))逝世。
魯一(yi)同在12歲時(shi),赴淮安(an)(an)應試,父親(qin)魯長泰送他(ta)前去(qu)。說也(ye)湊巧。他(ta)到淮安(an)(an)后,腳上起了(le)個疙瘩,行走不便,外出全要他(ta)父親(qin)背著。
一天,他經過(guo)考場門(men)口(kou),見有一只山羊,脖子上系著一把斧頭。原來(lai)是(shi)個謎語,猜中能(neng)賞到五千錢。魯一同一下就(jiu)猜中了,伸手將懸在門(men)上的(de)賞錢取過(guo)來(lai)。看門(men)人見他年幼,又騎(qi)在父親肩上,甚(shen)覺(jue)有趣,便笑著請他進去(qu)。
此時,已(yi)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)報告主考史大人(ren)(ren)(ren)。史大人(ren)(ren)(ren)漫不經心地問:“你說說,謎(mi)底是什么?”魯一(yi)同稚(zhi)聲稚(zhi)氣地說:“淮安府(fu)督管(guan)山陽縣(xian)。”史大人(ren)(ren)(ren)聽了(le),感(gan)到驚奇。他(ta)看了(le)魯一(yi)同一(yi)眼,沉(chen)思了(le)一(yi)會,又叫(jiao)他(ta)作(zuo)對。
史(shi)大(da)人(ren)慢(man)慢(man)地說:“以父作馬”。魯一同(tong)很(hen)快(kuai)地回答:“望子(zi)成龍。”史(shi)大(da)人(ren)點頭微(wei)笑(xiao)。
又說(shuo):“魯(lu)小生,腰去四點,可作曾門(men)弟(di)子。”魯(lu)一同望(wang)了主考大(da)人一眼,低著頭,膽(dan)怯(qie)地(di)小聲說(shuo):“史大(da)人,頭加一橫,便成(cheng)吏部天官。”
史大(da)人聽(ting)了,高興地從座位上站起來,連(lian)連(lian)稱贊(zan)道:“對得(de)好,對得(de)好。”
就是這一年,魯(lu)一同(tong)中了秀才。
魯一同,字通(tong)甫,清(qing)河人。善屬(shu)文(wen),師事潘(pan)德輿(yu)。道光十五(wu)年舉人。時承平久,一同獨(du)深憂,謂:“今天下多(duo)不(bu)激之(zhi)(zhi)氣,積而不(bu)化之(zhi)(zhi)習(xi);在(zai)位者(zhe)貪不(bu)去之(zhi)(zhi)身,陳說者(zhe)務不(bu)駭之(zhi)(zhi)論。風烈不(bu)紀(ji),一旦有(you)(you)緩(huan)急,莫可(ke)倚仗。”既,再試不(bu)第,益(yi)研精於(wu)學。凡(fan)田賦、兵戎諸大政,及河道遷變、地形險(xian)要(yao),悉得(de)其機牙。為文(wen)務切(qie)世情,古茂峻厲(li),有(you)(you)杜牧、尹洙之(zhi)(zhi)風。漕督(du)周天爵見之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“天下大材(cai)也,豈直文(wen)字哉!”曾國藩尤(you)嘆異(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。
試禮部,入都(dou),國(guo)藩(fan)數(shu)屏(ping)騶從(cong)就(jiu)問天(tian)下事(shi)。粵逆踞(ju)金陵也,同年(nian)生吳棠方(fang)宰(zai)清河(he),一同為(wei)草檄,傳示列縣,辭氣奮發,江北人(ren)心大定。江忠源師抵(di)廬(lu)州(zhou),友人(ren)戴鈞衡為(wei)書通(tong)(tong)國(guo)藩(fan)之指,欲其(qi)(qi)起佐(zuo)忠源。一同謝不出,復書極論用兵機宜,謂當緩金陵,專(zhuan)攻(gong)旁郡。其(qi)(qi)后大兵筑長圍,期旦夕破金陵,一同獨決其(qi)(qi)必敗(bai),未幾,果潰裂(lie),蘇、浙淪陷。已而國(guo)藩(fan)克安慶,復金陵,一如所論。同治(zhi)二年(nian),卒(zu),年(nian)五(wu)十(shi)九。著《邳(pi)州(zhou)志》、《清河(he)志》、《通(tong)(tong)甫(fu)類稿》。
子蕡(fen),字仲實。諸生,文(wen)有家法。善綜核,知府章(zhang)儀(yi)林議(yi)減清河(he)賦(fu),苦繁重(zhong),叩蕡(fen)。蕡(fen)為剖析條目,退草三千言(yan),明旦獻之。儀(yi)林驚喜(xi),因請主(zhu)辦,三年而(er)成。又佐(zuo)修安東水道,役竣,費無毫發溢。
【辛(xin)丑重有感(八首選一)】
張公(gong)苦(ku)意絕(jue)天驕,忽(hu)報呼韓款(kuan)圣朝(chao)。
便遣頻陽老王翦(jian),豈(qi)宜絕域棄班超(chao)。
跕鳶事業心(xin)紆折(zhe),射虎河山氣寂(ji)寥。
珍重玉關天萬里,西(xi)風(feng)大樹日蕭(xiao)蕭(xiao)。
【荒年謠(五首選二(er))】
【賣耕牛】
賣耕牛(niu),耕牛(niu)鳴何(he)哀!
原(yuan)頭草盡不得食(shi),牽牛(niu)躑躅屠門來。
牛不(bu)能言但嗚咽,屠人磨刀向(xiang)牛說:
有(you)田可耕汝(ru)當活(huo),農夫死盡汝(ru)命(ming)絕(jue)。
旁觀老子方幅巾,戒(jie)人食牛人怒(nu)慎:
不見前(qian)村人(ren)(ren)食人(ren)(ren)!
小車轔轔
小車轔轔,女(nv)吟男呻,竹頭木屑(xie)載零星。
嘔(ou)呀啁哳行不(bu)停,破釜墮地灰痕(hen)青(qing)。
路逢相識人,勸(quan)言不(bu)可行(xing):
南走五日道(dao)路斷,縣官驅人如驅蠅。
同去(qu)十人(ren)九人(ren)死,黃(huang)河東流卷哭聲。”
車轔轔,難為聽。
【關忠(zhong)節公(gong)家傳】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)名(ming)天培,字(zi)仲因,一(yi)字(zi)滋圃(pu),姓關氏,山陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。起(qi)(qi)家(jia)行(xing)伍,歷(li)淮安城守(shou)營(ying)(ying)完備,揚州中營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備。獲(huo)私鑄王(wang)國英(ying)(ying)等(deng)十(shi)(shi)八人(ren)(ren),署(shu)(shu)(shu)溧陽(yang)營(ying)(ying)都(dou)司,獲(huo)匪(fei)嚴(yan)加(jia)烈等(deng)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五人(ren)(ren),移兩江督(du)(du)標(biao)(biao)左營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備,歷(li)中軍(jun)都(dou)司,外(wai)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)騎營(ying)(ying)守(shou)備,騎營(ying)(ying)游擊。道光(guang)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),外(wai)洋獲(huo)盜(dao)最。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)(shu)(shu)吳淞(song)營(ying)(ying)參將,旋(xuan)即(ji)真。后二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)方議(yi)海(hai)(hai)運(yun)(yun)。海(hai)(hai)運(yun)(yun)自明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來,輟數(shu)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),議(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)紛(fen)錯(cuo),大(da)(da)府(fu)舉公(gong)(gong)(gong)任其事(shi)(shi)(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue),督(du)(du)米船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)千百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)五艘,米百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四萬一(yi)千余石,自吳淞(song)抵天津(jin),先期功最,署(shu)(shu)(shu)太(tai)湖營(ying)(ying)副將,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),署(shu)(shu)(shu)蘇松營(ying)(ying)總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)官,旋(xuan)即(ji)真。十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)入(ru)朝,上(shang)(shang)御便殿召見,五次軍(jun)機(ji)記名(ming)。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)萌(meng)芽。先是(shi)(shi),西南(nan)諸(zhu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)暹羅、真臘、安南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)屬,皆(jie)恭順(shun)受(shou)(shou)(shou)職(zhi)貢。惟(wei)英(ying)(ying)吉利(li)最遠(yuan),強黠。嘉慶(qing)間入(ru)貢,嚴(yan)衛入(ru)海(hai)(hai)。至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)目律勞卑(bei)來,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如約,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)駛至(zhi)黃(huang)埔河,兩廣總(zong)督(du)(du)盧坤、水(shui)(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)提督(du)(du)李增階坐疏防落職(zhi),而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)師(shi)(shi)(shi)提督(du)(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)親(qin)歷(li)重(zhong)洋,觀(guan)(guan)扼塞(sai),建臺(tai)守(shou),排鐵索,軍(jun)務肅然,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)倚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)容貌如常人(ren)(ren),悛悛畏(wei)謹(jin),而(er)洞識機(ji)要(yao),口(kou)占(zhan)應對悉中。暇則(ze)(ze)(ze)習弓馬技擊,技絕(jue)精。在廣著《籌(chou)海(hai)(hai)集》,識者(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)戚少保云。居虎(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)(men)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)禁煙事(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)。當(dang)是(shi)(shi)時(shi),洋煙流毒遍天下;前侍郎黃(huang)爵滋發其事(shi)(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)命(ming)內外(wai)大(da)(da)臣雜(za)議(yi),議(yi)定,著為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)。而(er)英(ying)(ying)吉利(li)躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)適(shi)至(zhi)。躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),販煙船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)(ji)習于(yu)海(hai)(hai),而(er)前欽(qin)差大(da)(da)臣林公(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)(ze)(ze)徐,威(wei)(wei)略素著,與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尤協(xie)力(li),至(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)拘夷(yi)(yi)(yi)目,錮(gu)其船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)發,獲(huo)煙土二(er)(er)(er)萬二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)余箱焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)。奏聞(wen),上(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)悅,敘(xu)功有(you)(you)差。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)計(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)逞,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue)(yue),驟(zou)師(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)浙(zhe)江,據定海(hai)(hai)。分船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)溯大(da)(da)洋,上(shang)(shang)天津(jin),詭投(tou)書乞(qi)和(he),而(er)前直隸總(zong)督(du)(du)琦善(shan),馳傳(chuan)赴(fu)廣東(dong)(dong),林公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罪去(qu)(qu)(qu)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)和(he)議(yi)興,海(hai)(hai)防撤(che)矣。廣東(dong)(dong)邊海(hai)(hai)門(men)(men)(men)戶曰香港(gang)(gang)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)(men)。香港(gang)(gang)奧衍,易盤(pan)踞,去(qu)(qu)(qu)省少紆遠(yuan);虎(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)(men)險狹(xia),海(hai)(hai)道曲折(zhe),去(qu)(qu)(qu)省近。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)列十(shi)(shi)臺(tai),最外(wai)大(da)(da)角、沙(sha)角,屹(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)屏(ping)蔽。是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)攻大(da)(da)角、沙(sha)角,壞師(shi)(shi)(shi)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),而(er)大(da)(da)帥日(ri)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文書與(yu)往來,冀得(de)(de)少遼緩。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)報命(ming)而(er)爭(zheng)戰(zhan),戰(zhan)方交則(ze)(ze)(ze)投(tou)書議(yi)和(he),書報復戰(zhan),晝(zhou)夜(ye)攻掠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi)。時(shi)諸(zhu)軍(jun)集廣府(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),駐(zhu)防滿兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、督(du)(du)標(biao)(biao)、撫標(biao)(biao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),共不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下萬人(ren)(ren),又調集客兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、團練、鄉(xiang)勇、民兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)數(shu)萬,而(er)大(da)(da)帥所(suo)遣助守(shou)臺(tai)者(zhe)(zhe),撫標(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren),駐(zhu)東(dong)(dong)莞提標(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)備策應。則(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)臺(tai)日(ri)益孤(gu)危,相(xiang)繼陷沒(mei)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五月(yue)(yue),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)進攻威(wei)(wei)遠(yuan)、靖遠(yuan)諸(zhu)臺(tai),守(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)羸兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)數(shu)百(bai)(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)遣將慟(tong)哭請師(shi)(shi)(shi),無應者(zhe)(zhe)。初,公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)海(hai)(hai)運(yun)(yun)入(ru)都(dou)也(ye),時(shi)從故人(ren)(ren)飲酒(jiu)肆中,醉而(er)言曰:“日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)謂(wei)我祿(lu)命(ming),生(sheng)當(dang)揚威(wei)(wei),死當(dang)血(xue)食。今(jin)吾(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四十(shi)(shi)余,安有(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)哉!”已(yi)(yi)而(er)嘆曰:“丈夫(fu)受(shou)(shou)(shou)國恩,有(you)(you)急(ji),死耳(er),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻子(zi)計(ji)(ji)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)老母年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八十(shi)(shi)余,長(chang)(chang)(chang)子(zi)奎龍,吳淞(song)參將,前卒。幼子(zi)先遣歸(gui),及是(shi)(shi)乃(nai)緘一(yi)匣(xia)寄家(jia)人(ren)(ren),堅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)開(kai)(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)死后啟視,則(ze)(ze)(ze)墜齒數(shu)枚,舊(jiu)衣(yi)數(shu)襲而(er)已(yi)(yi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)既(ji)(ji)自度眾寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵(di)而(er)援(yuan)絕(jue),乃(nai)決自為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)計(ji)(ji),住靖遠(yuan)臺(tai),晝(zhou)夜(ye)督(du)(du)戰(zhan)。已(yi)(yi)而(er)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)?奄至(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)率游擊麥(mai)廷章奮勇登臺(tai),大(da)(da)呼(hu)督(du)(du)厲士卒,自卯至(zhi)未,所(suo)殺傷過當(dang),而(er)身(shen)亦受(shou)(shou)(shou)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)創(chuang),血(xue)淋漓,衣(yi)甲盡濕。事(shi)(shi)(shi)急(ji),呼(hu)其仆孫長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)使去(qu)(qu)(qu)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)哭曰:“奴(nu)隨主數(shu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣,今(jin)有(you)(you)急(ji),義不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使主死而(er)己獨全(quan)。”手持公(gong)(gong)(gong)衣(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)開(kai)(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔刀逐之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“吾(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)負(fu)皇(huang)上(shang)(shang),下負(fu)老母,死猶晚,汝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu),今(jin)斬汝矣。”投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)印(yin),長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)號而(er)走(zou)。比(bi)及山半,回顧,公(gong)(gong)(gong)隕絕(jue)于(yu)地。時(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)六日(ri)也(ye)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)既(ji)(ji)去(qu)(qu)(qu),懸廠自縋下,下負(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)多蘆(lu)根,刺體(ti)如蝟,卒負(fu)重(zhong)創(chuang),送印(yin)大(da)(da)府(fu)所(suo),而(er)身(shen)復至(zhi)臺(tai)求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)嚴(yan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)守(shou)臺(tai),則(ze)(ze)(ze)乞(qi)通(tong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)吳某以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情告(gao)。吳某者(zhe)(zhe),嘗為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)漢奸,公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi),宥弗殺,給事(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you),恒(heng)思(si)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)報公(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)說夷(yi)(yi)(yi),誠(cheng)懇反復,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)義許之(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)求(qiu)尸(shi),鈹交于(yu)胸。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)膝(xi)行(xing)前,遍索不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)。卒詣(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)立處,舉他尸(shi)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)乃(nai)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi),半體(ti)焦焉。事(shi)(shi)(shi)聞(wen),天子(zi)軫悼,予騎都(dou)尉世職(zhi),謚(shi)忠節,賜葬(zang)如禮。喪至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),士大(da)(da)夫(fu)數(shu)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren),縞衣(yi)送迎,道旁觀(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)痛哭失(shi)聲。而(er)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)得(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)后,復求(qiu)得(de)(de)麥(mai)廷章之(zhi)(zhi)半體(ti),與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)皆(jie)徒負(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)歸(gui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸七百(bai)(bai)里(li)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)葬(zang)后,恒(heng)郁(yu)郁(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)樂,言及公(gong)(gong)(gong),必泣下。未幾卒。論曰:甚矣,虎(hu)(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)敗也(ye)。悲夫(fu),可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流涕者(zhe)(zhe)矣。方公(gong)(gong)(gong)經營(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)臺(tai),累戰(zhan)皆(jie)捷。奏上(shang)(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿相(xiang)賀(he),主上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)前席,嘉嘆至(zhi)于(yu)再三。然而(er)釁發于(yu)定海(hai)(hai),詐成于(yu)天津(jin),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無謀(mou),要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)豈夷(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)能死公(gong)(gong)(gong)哉!詩(shi)曰:“誰(shui)生(sheng)厲階,至(zhi)今(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梗。”厲有(you)(you)階矣。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶(qing)義士,誠(cheng)感犬羊,吳某奸耳(er),知感恩為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)報,異哉。
該文(wen)滿懷景仰,生動地描(miao)繪了(le)鴉片戰爭中(zhong)著(zhu)名愛國將領關天培在虎門保(bao)衛戰中(zhong)的獻身精神。文(wen)章(zhang)描(miao)寫重點主要在兩(liang)方面:
一是寫關天培抗敵的忠(zhong)勇悲壯;
二(er)是揭露投降(jiang)派琦善之流阻撓抗敵,造成(cheng)必敗結局。
全篇充(chong)滿了悲(bei)壯氣氛(fen)。寫(xie)關天培的(de)忠(zhong)勇,先寫(xie)他在(zai)都(dou)城醉酒時(shi)的(de)慷(kang)慨明志(zhi),次寫(xie)他在(zai)戰前遣子、寄匣,說明他早有為國(guo)捐(juan)驅的(de)準備。
寫臨戰犧(xi)牲話不多,卻(que)極有(you)神,特別是驅(qu)走仆(pu)人孫(sun)長(chang)慶的(de)細節(jie)描寫,生動地表現了他視死(si)如歸的(de)悲壯(zhuang)情景,讀(du)來十分感人。
該(gai)文用(yong)了(le)相當多的筆墨揭(jie)露(lu)投降派(pai)破壞抗敵的種種罪行,使(shi)該(gai)文的意(yi)義增加了(le)不少。
魯一同(tong)熟(shu)于(yu)(yu)史籍,注(zhu)重經世之(zhi)學。考進士(shi)不(bu)第,用心于(yu)(yu)文章。他說:“凡文章之(zhi)道,貴于(yu)(yu)外(wai)閎而中(zhong)實。中(zhong)實由于(yu)(yu)積(ji)理。理充而緯(wei)以實事,則光彩日新(xin)。文無(wu)實事,斯(si)為徒(tu)作(zuo)。窮工極麗,猶虛車(che)也(ye)。”(周韶音《通甫詩存跋》)其(qi)文氣勢挺拔(ba),務切世情,立言有體,疏暢明晰(xi),內(nei)容廣涉田賦兵(bing)戎、河道變遷、地形險要和中(zhong)外(wai)大勢等,與桐(tong)城派(pai)的拘守(shou)義法(fa)和應(ying)酬世俗(su),有顯著不(bu)同(tong)。
有人請(qing)他(ta)為(wei)某(mou)巨(ju)公寫祝壽(shou)文章,他(ta)說:“吾輩文疏(shu)直樸野(ye),不足說勢要(yao)。若肆其狂愚,為(wei)足下得罪當(dang)涂(tu),何所用之?”(《淮安府志》引《通甫類稿》)
毛岳(yue)生(sheng)(sheng)見其(qi)(qi)文,謂“七(qi)百(bai)年來患于柔,惟此為能(neng)得(de)剛之美”(《清(qing)史館(guan)文學傳(chuan)(chuan)稿》引《通甫(fu)類稿》)。錢仲聯稱(cheng)他(ta)“嗣響杜陵”,李(li)慈(ci)銘稱(cheng)其(qi)(qi)”閎(hong)肆而謹嚴(yan),演(yan)迤而峻(jun)峭”。如《胥(xu)吏論》、《復潘四(si)農書》等(deng),皆識議絕人,切中(zhong)時弊。而《關忠(zhong)節公家傳(chuan)(chuan)》,則生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)地記敘了他(ta)的(de)(de)同(tong)鄉名將關天培在鴉(ya)片戰爭中(zhong)英勇殉職的(de)(de)事(shi)跡。
魯(lu)一同少時(shi)學詩(shi)(shi)頗勤。40歲以后,堅持修詞立誠,非有(you)(you)真情實感勃(bo)發(fa)不已,不下筆。曾手定(ding)詩(shi)(shi)稿,僅留十之二三。其中以古(gu)歌行成就最高,甚(shen)得(de)詩(shi)(shi)人張際亮的(de)(de)(de)賞識。早期的(de)(de)(de)《荒年(nian)(nian)謠》五首(shou),描寫道光年(nian)(nian)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)嚴重災(zai)荒和民不聊生(sheng)。“事皆征實,言(yan)通里俗”,令(ling)人有(you)(you)觸目(mu)驚心之感。著有(you)(you)《通甫(fu)類稿》6卷,《通甫(fu)詩(shi)(shi)存》6卷、《邳州志》、《清河(he)縣志》》、《白耷(da)山人年(nian)(nian)譜》、《王右軍年(nian)(nian)譜》等十數種。
魯(lu)一(yi)同(tong)不僅詩文(wen)有聲(sheng)于(yu)江淮,而(er)且善繪事(shi),亦為邑人所稱道。不過,他的畫(hua)(hua)名終被詩文(wen)所掩,至今已鮮為人知。在(zai)魯(lu)一(yi)同(tong)繪畫(hua)(hua)諸作中,又以梅花為最(zui)。據《清畫(hua)(hua)家詩史》記載(zai):魯(lu)一(yi)同(tong)“工詩畫(hua)(hua),寫梅頗佳(jia)”。
他的(de)“梅(mei)花”作(zuo)品(pin)不少,其友人孔宥函聲稱他“寫梅(mei)千百本”,幾乎“年(nian)年(nian)有(you)作(zuo)”。魯一同畫梅(mei),運思立意多取梅(mei)花熬霜耐(nai)寒的(de)自然特(te)性,以寄托他高(gao)潔的(de)情操和(he)品(pin)格。