魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)同先世為明末翰林(lin),清初隨(sui)吳三(san)桂征討(tao)云(yun)南,后“窺其有異(yi)志(zhi),挈孥而逃于淮(huai)(huai)(huai)安(an)之山陽,遂占籍焉。”后祖輩居安(an)東(dong)東(dong)佃湖,所(suo)居成(cheng)村,名魯(lu)(lu)家莊(今(jin)(jin)漣(lian)水縣方渡鄉)。清嘉慶九年(nian)乙丑(chou)(1805年(nian)),魯(lu)(lu)一(yi)同生(sheng)于此,成(cheng)年(nian)后“始(shi)遷清河(今(jin)(jin)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)安(an)市淮(huai)(huai)(huai)陰區)”。其父(fu)長(chang)泰,字瞻巖(yan),號(hao)特山,別署(shu)小魚頭道人。乾(qian)隆辛亥(1791年(nian))淮(huai)(huai)(huai)郡庠生(sheng),“工書(shu)善(shan)畫,閉門(men)養素,以道自貞”,尤善(shan)繪花(hua)鳥蟲魚,世人重其畫雞,時稱“魯(lu)(lu)雞”。
少年(nian)(nian)魯一(yi)同聰穎(ying)過人(ren),幼從三姐蘭仙(字靈香)識(shi)字,繼又隨(sui)之(zhi)入塾(shu)。六歲(sui)通五音,“少長工為古文辭”,塾(shu)師徐念(nian)劬先生(sheng)以孔(kong)文舉(ju)(ju)(融(rong))、楊德祖(zu)(修)相期(qi)。十三歲(sui)從巢湖楊欲(yu)仁先生(sheng)學。楊字體之(zhi),別(bie)號鐵梅道(dao)人(ren),善(shan)畫梅,有名于世。魯一(yi)同侍其作畫,展紙研(yan)墨(mo),觀摩學習(xi),興趣油然而生(sheng),又從習(xi)畫,盡得(de)其傳(chuan)。十七歲(sui)入山陽縣學,十八歲(sui)鄉試中副(fu)(fu)榜第(di)二名(副(fu)(fu)貢生(sheng))。道(dao)光(guang)十五年(nian)(nian)乙未(1835年(nian)(nian))中第(di)二十名舉(ju)(ju)人(ren),時(shi)年(nian)(nian)三十二。后數應會試均(jun)不能金榜題名,然魯一(yi)同以他的古文、詩詞和墨(mo)梅在(zai)應試舉(ju)(ju)子中享有盛名。
一(yi)起參加會試的(de)蔡姓(xing)舉人偶問一(yi)同(tong)姓(xing)名(ming),大驚(jing)說:“少(shao)時讀先生文,嘗(chang)恨古人不可復見,乃今先生故在也!”立即尊一(yi)同(tong)為老師。
寶山毛岳生(sheng)見一同文章,以為“七百年來,文患于柔弱,惟此能得剛健之美(mei)”。
建寧(ning)張際亮(liang)在道(dao)光時以詩名(ming)聞全國,號稱“小太白”,讀一同古歌行,自以為不及。
清末著名(ming)文士李慈銘(ming)稱贊說(shuo):“通甫詩氣(qi)象(xiang)雄闊(kuo)、浩蕩(dang)之(zhi)勢,獨(du)(du)往(wang)獨(du)(du)來,傳之(zhi)將來,足當詩史。”
當代(dai)(dai)著(zhu)名學(xue)者錢仲聯(lian)也(ye)稱贊一同鴉片(pian)戰爭時(shi)期的《三公篇(pian)(pian)》、《讀史雜感(gan)》、《重有感(gan)》等愛國詩(shi)篇(pian)(pian)“魄(po)力沉(chen)雄(xiong),蒼涼(liang)盤郁(yu)”,“嗣響杜陵(ling)”,“在(zai)道光時(shi)代(dai)(dai),他是江蘇詩(shi)壇杰出的一人。”
曾任安徽巡(xun)撫、湖(hu)廣總督的周天爵(敬修)“見其文(wen)曰,此天下大(da)才也”。
時任禮部侍郎的曾國(guo)藩輕(qing)車(che)簡從去(qu)館舍拜訪“問天下事”。曾對(dui)人(ren)說“淮安魯(lu)一(yi)同若成進士,天下之(zhi)幸也。”到(dao)揭榜,仍無魯(lu)一(yi)同名。曾國(guo)藩甚“為懊(ao)喪,如失左(zuo)右(you)手”。
魯(lu)一同留心時務,好為激切之言。早(zao)在鴉片戰爭前,就對道光(guang)朝的社(she)會矛盾有敏銳感覺(jue)和深遠(yuan)憂慮,與同鄉(xiang)潘德輿有師友之誼。
道光十七年(nian)(1837年(nian))林則徐赴湖廣總督(du)任,惜(xi)一(yi)同(tong)才,請他入幕(mu),因親老而(er)未(wei)成行。因受(shou)到曾國(guo)藩的(de)賞識,太平天國(guo)革命(ming)爆發后,在家鄉替清河(he)縣(xian)知縣(xian)吳堂謀劃,抗拒太平軍;又向安(an)徽巡撫江忠(zhong)源提出了先攻(gong)旁郡后打(da)南京的(de)戰(zhan)略計劃。但他始終未(wei)為幕(mu)僚。
是年(nian)秋,應邀去邳州(今邳州市)修(xiu)(xiu)《邳州志》。魯所纂修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)《邳州志》被推崇為名志,有“志家法程”的(de)(de)美譽。完成(cheng)后,又應清(qing)河知縣之(zhi)邀在清(qing)江浦慈云寺(si)(今淮安市市區(qu))修(xiu)(xiu)《清(qing)河縣志》。
咸豐五年(nian)(nian)(1855年(nian)(nian))歸(gui)館吳城義塾。同治(zhi)二年(nian)(nian)(1863年(nian)(nian))逝世。
魯(lu)一同(tong)在12歲時,赴淮安(an)應試,父親(qin)魯(lu)長泰送(song)他(ta)前去。說也湊巧(qiao)。他(ta)到淮安(an)后,腳(jiao)上起了個疙瘩,行走不便(bian),外出(chu)全要(yao)他(ta)父親(qin)背著(zhu)。
一天,他(ta)(ta)經過(guo)考場(chang)門口,見(jian)有一只山(shan)羊,脖子上(shang)系著(zhu)一把斧頭。原來是個謎語,猜中能賞(shang)到五千錢。魯一同一下就猜中了,伸手將(jiang)懸在門上(shang)的賞(shang)錢取過(guo)來。看(kan)門人見(jian)他(ta)(ta)年幼(you),又騎在父親肩(jian)上(shang),甚覺有趣,便笑(xiao)著(zhu)請他(ta)(ta)進去。
此時,已有人(ren)報(bao)告主考(kao)史(shi)大人(ren)。史(shi)大人(ren)漫不經心地問:“你說(shuo)說(shuo),謎底是什么?”魯(lu)一同稚聲稚氣(qi)地說(shuo):“淮安府(fu)督管(guan)山陽縣。”史(shi)大人(ren)聽了,感到驚奇(qi)。他看了魯(lu)一同一眼,沉思(si)了一會,又叫他作(zuo)對(dui)。
史(shi)大(da)人慢慢地說:“以父作馬(ma)”。魯一同很快地回答:“望子成龍。”史(shi)大(da)人點頭微笑。
又說:“魯小生,腰(yao)去四(si)點,可作曾門弟子。”魯一(yi)(yi)同望了主考大(da)人一(yi)(yi)眼,低著頭(tou),膽怯地小聲說:“史大(da)人,頭(tou)加一(yi)(yi)橫,便成吏部天官(guan)。”
史(shi)大人聽了,高興(xing)地從座位上站起(qi)來,連連稱贊道:“對得(de)好(hao),對得(de)好(hao)。”
就是這一年,魯(lu)一同中了秀(xiu)才。
魯一同,字通甫(fu),清(qing)河人。善屬文(wen),師事潘德輿。道光十五(wu)年(nian)舉人。時承平久,一同獨深憂,謂:“今(jin)天下(xia)多不(bu)激(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)氣,積(ji)而不(bu)化之(zhi)(zhi)習;在(zai)位(wei)者貪不(bu)去之(zhi)(zhi)身,陳說者務不(bu)駭之(zhi)(zhi)論。風(feng)(feng)烈不(bu)紀,一旦有緩急(ji),莫可倚仗。”既,再試不(bu)第(di),益研精於學。凡田賦、兵戎諸大(da)政,及河道遷變、地(di)形(xing)險(xian)要,悉得其機(ji)牙(ya)。為文(wen)務切世情,古茂峻厲,有杜牧、尹洙之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)。漕督周天爵見之(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):“天下(xia)大(da)材也,豈直文(wen)字哉!”曾(ceng)國(guo)藩尤(you)嘆(tan)異(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。
試禮部,入都(dou),國藩(fan)(fan)數(shu)屏騶從(cong)就問天下事。粵逆踞金陵(ling)也,同(tong)年生吳棠方宰(zai)清河,一(yi)(yi)同(tong)為(wei)草檄(xi),傳示列縣,辭(ci)氣奮(fen)發(fa),江(jiang)北人心大定。江(jiang)忠源師抵(di)廬州,友人戴鈞衡為(wei)書(shu)通(tong)國藩(fan)(fan)之指,欲其起佐忠源。一(yi)(yi)同(tong)謝(xie)不出,復書(shu)極論用兵機宜,謂當(dang)緩金陵(ling),專攻旁郡。其后大兵筑長圍,期旦夕(xi)破金陵(ling),一(yi)(yi)同(tong)獨決其必敗,未幾(ji),果潰裂,蘇、浙淪陷。已(yi)而國藩(fan)(fan)克(ke)安慶(qing),復金陵(ling),一(yi)(yi)如所(suo)論。同(tong)治二年,卒(zu),年五(wu)十(shi)九(jiu)。著《邳州志》、《清河志》、《通(tong)甫類稿》。
子蕡,字仲實。諸(zhu)生,文(wen)有家法。善綜核(he),知(zhi)府章(zhang)儀(yi)(yi)林(lin)(lin)議減清河賦,苦(ku)繁重,叩蕡。蕡為剖析條目,退草三千言(yan),明旦(dan)獻之。儀(yi)(yi)林(lin)(lin)驚喜(xi),因(yin)請主(zhu)辦,三年而(er)成。又佐修(xiu)安東水道(dao),役(yi)竣,費無毫發溢。
【辛丑重有(you)感(gan)(八(ba)首選一)】
張(zhang)公苦意絕天驕,忽報呼韓款圣朝。
便遣頻陽(yang)老王翦,豈宜絕域棄(qi)班超。
跕鳶事業心紆折(zhe),射虎(hu)河(he)山(shan)氣寂寥。
珍重玉關天萬里,西風大(da)樹日(ri)蕭(xiao)蕭(xiao)。
【荒年謠(五首選(xuan)二(er))】
【賣耕牛】
賣耕牛(niu),耕牛(niu)鳴何(he)哀!
原頭(tou)草盡不得(de)食,牽(qian)牛躑(zhi)躅(zhu)屠(tu)門來。
牛不能言但嗚咽,屠人(ren)磨刀向牛說:
有田可耕(geng)汝當活,農(nong)夫死盡(jin)汝命絕。
旁觀老子(zi)方幅巾,戒人食牛人怒慎:
不見前(qian)村人(ren)(ren)食人(ren)(ren)!
小車轔轔
小車轔(lin)轔(lin),女吟男呻(shen),竹頭木(mu)屑載零星。
嘔呀啁哳行不停,破釜墮地灰痕青。
路逢相識人,勸言不可行:
南走五日道路斷,縣官驅人如驅蠅。
同去十(shi)人九人死,黃河東流(liu)卷哭聲。”
車轔轔,難(nan)為聽。
【關忠節公家傳】
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名(ming)天培,字(zi)仲因,一字(zi)滋圃,姓關氏(shi),山陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。起家行(xing)伍,歷淮安城守(shou)(shou)營(ying)(ying)完(wan)備(bei),揚(yang)州(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei)。獲(huo)(huo)私鑄(zhu)王(wang)國英等十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren),署溧陽營(ying)(ying)都(dou)司(si),獲(huo)(huo)匪嚴加烈等二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五人(ren)(ren)(ren),移兩江(jiang)(jiang)督(du)(du)標(biao)左(zuo)營(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei),歷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軍都(dou)司(si),外(wai)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)師騎營(ying)(ying)守(shou)(shou)備(bei),騎營(ying)(ying)游(you)擊。道光二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),外(wai)洋(yang)獲(huo)(huo)盜最(zui)。三年(nian)(nian),署吳(wu)(wu)淞營(ying)(ying)參將,旋(xuan)即真。后二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),東南(nan)(nan)方議(yi)(yi)(yi)海(hai)(hai)運(yun)。海(hai)(hai)運(yun)自(zi)明以(yi)(yi)來,輟數百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian),議(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)紛錯,大(da)(da)府舉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任其事(shi)(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue),督(du)(du)米船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)千百(bai)(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五艘,米百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)萬(wan)(wan)一千余(yu)(yu)石,自(zi)吳(wu)(wu)淞抵天津,先(xian)(xian)期(qi)功最(zui),署太湖營(ying)(ying)副將,明年(nian)(nian),署蘇松營(ying)(ying)總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官,旋(xuan)即真。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)入(ru)朝,上(shang)(shang)御(yu)便殿召見,五次軍機記名(ming)。明年(nian)(nian),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)萌芽。先(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),西南(nan)(nan)諸(zhu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暹羅、真臘、安南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,皆(jie)恭順受(shou)職(zhi)貢。惟英吉(ji)利最(zui)遠(yuan),強黠。嘉(jia)慶間入(ru)貢,嚴衛入(ru)海(hai)(hai)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目(mu)(mu)律勞卑來,不(bu)(bu)如約(yue),兵(bing)(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)駛(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)埔(pu)河(he),兩廣總(zong)督(du)(du)盧(lu)坤(kun)、水(shui)師提督(du)(du)李增階(jie)坐疏防落職(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣東水(shui)師提督(du)(du)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)親歷重洋(yang),觀(guan)扼(e)塞(sai),建臺(tai)(tai)守(shou)(shou),排(pai)鐵索,軍務肅然,東南(nan)(nan)倚以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容貌如常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren),悛(quan)悛(quan)畏謹,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)洞識機要,口占應對悉(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。暇則(ze)(ze)習(xi)弓馬技(ji)擊,技(ji)絕精。在廣著《籌海(hai)(hai)集(ji)》,識者(zhe)(zhe)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚少保(bao)云。居虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)六年(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禁煙(yan)(yan)事(shi)(shi)起。當是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi),洋(yang)煙(yan)(yan)流毒遍(bian)天下(xia);前(qian)(qian)侍郎黃(huang)爵滋發(fa)其事(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)命(ming)內外(wai)大(da)(da)臣雜議(yi)(yi)(yi),議(yi)(yi)(yi)定,著為(wei)(wei)(wei)令。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)英吉(ji)利躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)適至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。躉船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),販煙(yan)(yan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既習(xi)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)前(qian)(qian)欽差(cha)大(da)(da)臣林公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)則(ze)(ze)徐,威(wei)略素著,與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尤協力,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)拘夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目(mu)(mu),錮其船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)發(fa),獲(huo)(huo)煙(yan)(yan)土二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)箱(xiang)焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏聞,上(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)悅,敘功有(you)差(cha)。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)計(ji)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)逞,明年(nian)(nian)四(si)月(yue)(yue),驟師入(ru)浙江(jiang)(jiang),據定海(hai)(hai)。分船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)溯大(da)(da)洋(yang),上(shang)(shang)天津,詭投(tou)(tou)書乞(qi)和(he),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)前(qian)(qian)直隸總(zong)督(du)(du)琦善,馳傳赴廣東,林公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)罪(zui)去。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)議(yi)(yi)(yi)興,海(hai)(hai)防撤矣(yi)。廣東邊海(hai)(hai)門(men)(men)戶(hu)曰(yue)香港(gang)、虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)。香港(gang)奧衍,易盤踞(ju),去省(sheng)少紆遠(yuan);虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)險狹(xia),海(hai)(hai)道曲折(zhe),去省(sheng)近。虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)外(wai)列十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai),最(zui)外(wai)大(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙(sha)角(jiao),屹為(wei)(wei)(wei)東南(nan)(nan)屏蔽(bi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)攻大(da)(da)角(jiao)、沙(sha)角(jiao),壞(huai)師船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥(shuai)日(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)文(wen)書與(yu)往來,冀得(de)(de)(de)少遼緩。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)報命(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)爭(zheng)戰,戰方交則(ze)(ze)投(tou)(tou)書議(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he),書報復戰,晝夜攻掠不(bu)(bu)已(yi)。時(shi)諸(zhu)軍集(ji)廣府者(zhe)(zhe),駐防滿兵(bing)(bing)、督(du)(du)標(biao)、撫標(biao)兵(bing)(bing),共不(bu)(bu)下(xia)萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),又調(diao)集(ji)客兵(bing)(bing)、團練、鄉勇、民兵(bing)(bing)數萬(wan)(wan),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)(da)帥(shuai)所遣(qian)助(zhu)守(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai)者(zhe)(zhe),撫標(biao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),駐東莞提標(biao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)備(bei)策應。則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)臺(tai)(tai)日(ri)(ri)益(yi)孤危(wei),相(xiang)繼陷沒。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)五月(yue)(yue),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進攻威(wei)遠(yuan)、靖遠(yuan)諸(zhu)臺(tai)(tai),守(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)羸兵(bing)(bing)數百(bai)(bai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遣(qian)將慟哭請師,無應者(zhe)(zhe)。初,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)海(hai)(hai)運(yun)入(ru)都(dou)也(ye),時(shi)從(cong)故人(ren)(ren)(ren)飲酒肆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),醉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言曰(yue):“日(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)謂我祿命(ming),生當揚(yang)威(wei),死(si)(si)當血食(shi)。今(jin)吾年(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu),安有(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)哉(zai)!”已(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嘆曰(yue):“丈夫受(shou)國恩,有(you)急,死(si)(si)耳,終不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻子(zi)(zi)計(ji)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老母年(nian)(nian)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)子(zi)(zi)奎龍,吳(wu)(wu)淞參將,前(qian)(qian)卒。幼子(zi)(zi)先(xian)(xian)遣(qian)歸,及是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃緘一匣(xia)寄家人(ren)(ren)(ren),堅不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)(si)后啟視,則(ze)(ze)墜(zhui)齒數枚,舊衣(yi)數襲而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既自(zi)度眾寡不(bu)(bu)敵(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)援絕,乃決自(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)計(ji),住(zhu)靖遠(yuan)臺(tai)(tai),晝夜督(du)(du)戰。已(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)?奄(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率游(you)擊麥廷(ting)章(zhang)奮勇登臺(tai)(tai),大(da)(da)呼督(du)(du)厲(li)士卒,自(zi)卯至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei),所殺傷過當,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)身(shen)亦受(shou)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創,血淋漓,衣(yi)甲(jia)盡濕。事(shi)(shi)急,呼其仆孫長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶使去。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶哭曰(yue):“奴隨(sui)主數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)矣(yi),今(jin)有(you)急,義(yi)不(bu)(bu)使主死(si)(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)己獨全。”手(shou)持公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衣(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)開(kai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怒,拔刀(dao)逐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾上(shang)(shang)負(fu)(fu)皇(huang)上(shang)(shang),下(xia)負(fu)(fu)老母,死(si)(si)猶晚,汝(ru)不(bu)(bu)去,今(jin)斬汝(ru)矣(yi)。”投(tou)(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印,長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶號而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走(zou)。比及山半(ban),回顧(gu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隕絕于(yu)(yu)地。時(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)六日(ri)(ri)也(ye)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶既去,懸(xuan)廠自(zi)縋(zhui)下(xia),下(xia)負(fu)(fu)水(shui)多蘆根(gen),刺體(ti)(ti)如蝟,卒負(fu)(fu)重創,送印大(da)(da)府所,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)身(shen)復至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)嚴兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)(shou)臺(tai)(tai),則(ze)(ze)乞(qi)通事(shi)(shi)吳(wu)(wu)某以(yi)(yi)情告。吳(wu)(wu)某者(zhe)(zhe),嘗(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢奸(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宥弗(fu)殺,給(gei)事(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you),恒思所以(yi)(yi)報公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶說夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),誠懇反復,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)義(yi)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)求尸(shi)(shi)(shi),鈹交于(yu)(yu)胸。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶膝行(xing)前(qian)(qian),遍(bian)索不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)。卒詣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所立處,舉他尸(shi)(shi)(shi)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),半(ban)體(ti)(ti)焦焉。事(shi)(shi)聞,天子(zi)(zi)軫悼,予騎都(dou)尉世職(zhi),謚忠節,賜葬如禮(li)。喪至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),士大(da)(da)夫數百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),縞(gao)衣(yi)送迎(ying),道旁觀(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),或痛哭失聲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶得(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)后,復求得(de)(de)(de)麥廷(ting)章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)體(ti)(ti),與(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)徒負(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)歸,水(shui)陸七百(bai)(bai)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)葬后,恒郁(yu)郁(yu)不(bu)(bu)樂,言及公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),必泣(qi)下(xia)。未(wei)幾卒。論曰(yue):甚(shen)矣(yi),虎(hu)(hu)門(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗也(ye)。悲夫,可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)流涕者(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)。方公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經營(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)(tai),累戰皆(jie)捷。奏上(shang)(shang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿相(xiang)賀,主上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)席,嘉(jia)嘆至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)再三。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)釁發(fa)于(yu)(yu)定海(hai)(hai),詐成于(yu)(yu)天津,夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無謀(mou),要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豈(qi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能死(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哉(zai)!詩曰(yue):“誰生厲(li)階(jie),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)梗。”厲(li)有(you)階(jie)矣(yi)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)慶義(yi)士,誠感犬羊,吳(wu)(wu)某奸(jian)耳,知(zhi)感恩為(wei)(wei)(wei)一日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)報,異哉(zai)。
該文滿懷景仰,生動地描(miao)(miao)繪了(le)鴉片戰爭(zheng)中著名愛(ai)國(guo)將領(ling)關天(tian)培在虎門保衛戰中的(de)獻身精神。文章(zhang)描(miao)(miao)寫重點主要在兩方面:
一是寫關天培抗敵的忠勇悲壯;
二是揭(jie)露投降派琦善之流阻撓抗敵,造成(cheng)必敗(bai)結局(ju)。
全篇充滿了悲壯氣(qi)氛(fen)。寫關天培的(de)忠勇,先寫他在都城醉酒時的(de)慷慨明志,次寫他在戰(zhan)前(qian)遣子、寄匣(xia),說(shuo)明他早有(you)為(wei)國(guo)捐驅的(de)準備。
寫(xie)臨(lin)戰(zhan)犧牲話不多(duo),卻極有神,特別是(shi)驅走(zou)仆人孫長慶(qing)的細節描寫(xie),生動地表現了他(ta)視死如歸(gui)的悲壯(zhuang)情景,讀來十分感人。
該(gai)文用了相當多的筆墨揭(jie)露投降派破(po)壞抗敵的種種罪行,使(shi)該(gai)文的意(yi)義(yi)增加(jia)了不少。
魯一(yi)同熟于史籍(ji),注重經世之學(xue)。考進士不第,用心于文(wen)章。他說:“凡文(wen)章之道,貴(gui)于外閎(hong)而(er)中(zhong)實。中(zhong)實由于積理(li)(li)。理(li)(li)充而(er)緯以(yi)實事,則光(guang)彩日新。文(wen)無實事,斯為徒作(zuo)。窮(qiong)工極麗(li),猶(you)虛(xu)車也。”(周韶音《通甫(fu)詩存跋(ba)》)其文(wen)氣勢(shi)挺拔(ba),務切世情,立言有體,疏暢明晰,內容廣涉田賦(fu)兵(bing)戎、河道變遷、地形險要和(he)中(zhong)外大勢(shi)等(deng),與桐(tong)城派的(de)拘守(shou)義(yi)法和(he)應酬世俗(su),有顯著不同。
有人請他為某(mou)巨公寫祝壽文(wen)章(zhang),他說(shuo):“吾輩文(wen)疏(shu)直(zhi)樸野,不足(zu)說(shuo)勢要。若肆其狂愚,為足(zu)下得罪當涂,何所用之?”(《淮安府志》引(yin)《通甫類稿》)
毛岳生(sheng)見其(qi)文,謂“七百(bai)年來患于(yu)柔,惟此為能得剛之(zhi)美”(《清史館文學傳稿》引《通甫(fu)類稿》)。錢仲聯稱(cheng)他“嗣響杜陵”,李慈銘(ming)稱(cheng)其(qi)”閎(hong)肆而謹嚴,演迤而峻(jun)峭(qiao)”。如《胥吏論》、《復(fu)潘四農書》等,皆識(shi)議絕人,切中(zhong)時弊(bi)。而《關忠節(jie)公家傳》,則生(sheng)動(dong)地記敘了他的(de)同鄉(xiang)名將關天培(pei)在鴉片戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)英勇(yong)殉職的(de)事跡(ji)。
魯(lu)一同少時學詩(shi)(shi)頗勤(qin)。40歲以(yi)后,堅持修詞立誠,非有真情實感勃(bo)發不已,不下筆。曾手(shou)定詩(shi)(shi)稿(gao),僅留十之二三。其中以(yi)古歌行成就最(zui)高,甚得詩(shi)(shi)人張際亮的賞識。早期的《荒年謠(yao)》五首,描寫道光年間的嚴重災荒和民不聊生。“事(shi)皆征實,言通里俗(su)”,令人有觸目(mu)驚心之感。著有《通甫(fu)類稿(gao)》6卷,《通甫(fu)詩(shi)(shi)存》6卷、《邳(pi)州志》、《清(qing)河縣志》》、《白耷山(shan)人年譜》、《王右軍年譜》等十數(shu)種。
魯一同(tong)(tong)不(bu)僅(jin)詩文有聲于江淮,而且善繪事,亦(yi)為邑(yi)人所(suo)(suo)稱(cheng)道。不(bu)過(guo),他的畫名終被詩文所(suo)(suo)掩,至(zhi)今(jin)已鮮為人知。在魯一同(tong)(tong)繪畫諸作中(zhong),又(you)以梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)為最。據《清畫家詩史》記(ji)載:魯一同(tong)(tong)“工詩畫,寫梅(mei)(mei)頗佳(jia)”。
他(ta)的“梅(mei)花(hua)”作品不少,其友人孔宥函(han)聲稱他(ta)“寫梅(mei)千百本”,幾乎“年年有作”。魯一(yi)同畫梅(mei),運(yun)思立(li)意多取梅(mei)花(hua)熬霜耐寒的自然(ran)特性,以寄托他(ta)高(gao)潔(jie)的情操和品格。