俞和(1307-1382)。字子中,號紫芝(zhi)(芝(zhi)生),晚號紫芝(zhi)老人。桐(tong)江(jiang)(今浙江(jiang)桐(tong)廬)人,寓居錢塘(tang)(今杭(hang)州)。
沖澹安恬(tian),隱居不仕。能(neng)詩,喜書翰(han),早年得見趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫運筆(bi)之(zhi)法(fa),后返臨晉(jin)、唐名家碑帖。行(xing)、草書,秀雅挺勁(jing),酷肖孟(meng)頫。楷書高古風雅,頗有(you)晉(jin)人風度。明桑悅云:“紫芝所(suo)書,深得松雪(xue)筆(bi)意,而圭角(jiao)稍(shao)露,比之(zhi)松雪(xue),正如(ru)獻(xian)之(zhi)于羲之(zhi)也。”行(xing)、草逼真孟(meng)俯(fu),好(hao)事者得其(qi)(qi)書,每用趙(zhao)款識,倉(cang)卒莫能(neng)辨。洪武初,以書名于時(shi)。至正四年(公元(yuan)1344)題李唐《關山(shan)行(xing)旅(lv)圖》,故(gu)宮博物(wu)院藏有(you)其(qi)(qi)二十年(公元(yuan)1360)於(wu)黃岡之(zhi)康園所(suo)臨定武蘭亭。
附上俞和墓志,出處:欽(qin)定四庫全書 始豐稿巻十三(明(ming))徐一夔 撰(zhuan) ○墓志銘(書法江湖聽(ting)梧閣提供)
俞子中墓碣
錢塘(tang)(tang)俞子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塟(zang)也(ye)(ye)五年于(yu)(yu)茲矣,而(er)(er)志(zhi)墓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)未(wei)樹,其(qi)(qi)友有(you)為(wei)潭府臣僚者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)王(wang)有(you)臨池(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,取子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)遺墨(mo)以(yi)(yi)獻王(wang),既(ji)覽,若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),以(yi)(yi)予而(er)(er)觀其(qi)(qi)筆(bi)意,亦(yi)(yi)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)發,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可使(shi)此人(ren)泯焉(yan)無聞,王(wang)適遣(qian)使(shi)如(ru)(ru)浙,因(yin)賜鈔(chao)若(ruo)干貫俾其(qi)(qi)家(jia),為(wei)石(shi)刻費,使(shi)者(zhe)既(ji)至,召其(qi)(qi)孤(gu)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)孤(gu)既(ji)西向拜受,乃(nai)來謁余(yu)請(qing)銘(ming),余(yu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)交游(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誼,固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)辭,矧遇賢王(wang)貤恩於(wu)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)既(ji)歿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後,誠希(xi)遇也(ye)(ye),扵凡(fan)文(wen)(wen)翰(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),亦(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)光(guang),何敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)銘(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉,子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)人(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尚表襮與(yu)(yu)(yu)俗,浮湛若(ruo)玩世,然少時(shi)得見趙文(wen)(wen)敏(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)用筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),極(ji)力工書,書日益有(you)名(ming),篆楷行(xing)草,各臻于(yu)(yu)妙(miao),一紙(zhi)出(chu),戱用文(wen)(wen)敏(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)私印,識之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)莫能辨其(qi)(qi)真贗,至其(qi)(qi)臨摹晉唐人(ren)法(fa)(fa)(fa)書,尤(you)稱妙(miao)絕,髙(gao)堂廣(guang)廈,風日清美,賔友會集(ji),酒(jiu)數行(xing)後,濡筆(bi)伸紙(zhi),一揮數十(shi)行(xing),波戈趯磔,轉(zhuan)換神(shen)速,真有(you)驚虵入(ru)(ru)草,飛(fei)鳥出(chu)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態,已(yi)乃(nai)停筆(bi)按紙(zhi),詫眾客曰(yue)(yue)(yue),顛長(chang)史不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)我(wo)過也(ye)(ye),人(ren)爭(zheng)購之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)珍玩,而(er)(er)雅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)樂仕進,至正初(chu),朝廷修遼(liao)金宋三史成書,移文(wen)(wen)江浙行(xing)省,繕寫(xie)鏤版,遣(qian)翰(han)林(lin)應(ying)奉張(zhang)公(gong)(gong)翥來視工,而(er)(er)行(xing)省叅知政事秦(qin)公(gong)(gong)從德任(ren)程(cheng)督(du)事,既(ji)開局(ju),集(ji)儒(ru)生繕寫(xie),張(zhang)公(gong)(gong)謂(wei)秦(qin)公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),此朝廷盛典(dian),字畫(hua)懼不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)式,宜得精(jing)書法(fa)(fa)(fa)如(ru)(ru)俞子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)校正,秦(qin)公(gong)(gong)是之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即日命(ming)有(you)司奉幣請(qing)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)入(ru)(ru)局(ju),如(ru)(ru)式校正,時(shi)行(xing)省得自(zi)除未(wei)入(ru)(ru)流官(guan),既(ji)竣事,秦(qin)公(gong)(gong)擬以(yi)(yi)學(xue)校官(guan)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)固謝(xie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),某以(yi)(yi)國家(jia)有(you)文(wen)(wen)事,効薄勞耳,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿仕也(ye)(ye),秦(qin)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)有(you)髙(gao)志(zhi).亦(yi)(yi)弗彊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當是時(shi),文(wen)(wen)章巨家(jia)如(ru)(ru)黃文(wen)(wen)獻公(gong)(gong)溍,陳監丞旅,前後相(xiang)繼(ji)為(wei)江浙提學(xue),每為(wei)文(wen)(wen)脫藁,必致(zhi)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)書之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一時(shi)名(ming)勝亦(yi)(yi)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)(you),而(er)(er)方外(wai)髙(gao)士(shi)若(ruo)勾曲外(wai)史張(zhang)公(gong)(gong)伯雨,以(yi)(yi)辭翰(han)名(ming)世,與(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)徃來尤(you)宻,壬辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂,避地隣縣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃岡,嘯傲于(yu)(yu)海風山(shan)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閑(xian)者(zhe),久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),比還故(gu)(gu)廬(lu),故(gu)(gu)舊雕謝(xie),出(chu)門四(si)顧,無復向時(shi)繁華,苐見山(shan)青水綠(lv),則俛首蹙額,感慨系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),呼酒(jiu)獨酌,賦(fu)近體詩歌(ge)長(chang)短句(ju),援筆(bi)書之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)寫(xie)其(qi)(qi)無聊(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思(si),而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)草圣猶飛(fei)動如(ru)(ru)初(chu),其(qi)(qi)居有(you)醉墨(mo)軒,嘗屬(shu)余(yu)記之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),余(yu)未(wei)及為(wei)而(er)(er)竟(jing)銘(ming)其(qi)(qi)墓上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi),悲哉,子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)諱和(he),別號紫芝生,本(ben)嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桐廬(lu)人(ren),自(zi)其(qi)(qi)父章游(you)(you)錢塘(tang)(tang),因(yin)家(jia)焉(yan),娶楊(yang)氏,先十(shi)五年卒(zu),子(zi)(zi)男三,長(chang)琮(cong)次璂次珩,女三,長(chang)適趙仁本(ben),次皆適士(shi)族,以(yi)(yi)洪武十(shi)五年三月七(qi)(qi)(qi)日卒(zu),享年七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)有(you)六,卒(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月十(shi)又(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)日,塟(zang)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)縣南山(shan)仙芝塢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原,銘(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)德有(you)藝,泊焉(yan)自(zi)守,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遇於(wu)生前,而(er)(er)遇於(wu)死後,豈其(qi)(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)薄,故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)厚,理有(you)固然,又(you)何足(zu)究(jiu),有(you)石(shi)如(ru)(ru)圭(gui),永貽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。
再附友人贈(zeng)俞(yu)和詩:(書法(fa)江(jiang)湖field_tian提供)
一翦梅 壽俞子中紫之(zhi)(疑(yi)為芝)(元 凌云(yun)翰)
蒼(cang)顏(yan)白發稱(cheng)烏紗。瘦似黃花(hua)(hua)。清似梅花(hua)(hua)。窗吟山(shan)月樂(le)無(wu)涯。知(zhi)是(shi)儒家。知(zhi)是(shi)仙家。
紫芝服食勝(sheng)胡麻(ma)。不愛(ai)繁華。卻愛(ai)年(nian)華。詞成(cheng)(cheng)筆(bi)底是(shi)龍蛇。壽酒(jiu)流(liu)霞(xia)。壽□成(cheng)(cheng)霞(xia)。
題醉墨堂,為桐(tong)江俞子中賦(明 張昱(yu) 可閑(xian)老人集卷一,四庫全書(shu)本)
世稱草圣惟張旭(xu),氣在神先(xian)從所欲(yu)。醉來捉筆走風雷(lei),電掣長(chang)云(yun)夜相逐(zhu)。
健於大野戰蛟龍,媚似(si)輕波(bo)浴鴻鵠。由唐至今(jin)幾百年,筆法竟爾失其(qi)傳(chuan)。
芝(zhi)翁乃若神(shen)所授(shou),亦以(yi)醉墨題堂前。晴絲罥空王逸(yi)少(shao),生(sheng)蛇(she)絆樹黃庭堅。
筆(bi)法不(bu)(bu)必問(wen)高(gao)閑,筆(bi)勢不(bu)(bu)必詢懷素。縱(zong)橫遲疾心(xin)自知,曾見公孫大(da)娘舞。
故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)藏(zang)有(you)墨(mo)跡《篆(zhuan)(zhuan)隸(li)(li)千字(zi)(zi)文(wen)冊(ce)》及自書(shu)(shu)(shu)詩(shi)卷和(he)臨張芝帖等(deng)。《篆(zhuan)(zhuan)隸(li)(li)千字(zi)(zi)文(wen)》是(shi)其(qi)篆(zhuan)(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)隸(li)(li)書(shu)(shu)(shu)分體間(jian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的書(shu)(shu)(shu)法杰作。紙(zhi)本墨(mo)跡摺裱冊(ce)頁。每(mei)幅縱21厘米,橫24.7厘米。現(xian)藏(zang)臺(tai)北故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)。凡(fan)37頁,295行,正(zheng)文(wen)每(mei)行7字(zi)(zi),首尾(wei)之題字(zi)(zi)每(mei)行字(zi)(zi)數不一,共計2063字(zi)(zi)。款署“天爵賢良(liang)嗜(shi)予篆(zhuan)(zhuan)隸(li)(li),因書(shu)(shu)(shu)此(ci)為(wei)贈(zeng)。時至正(zheng)甲午歲冬十(shi)一月三(san)(san)日也。清隱散人俞和(he)識(shi)。”此(ci)冊(ce)為(wei)元順(shun)帝(di)至正(zheng)十(shi)四年(公(gong)元1354)俞和(he)四十(shi)八歲時所書(shu)(shu)(shu)。此(ci)篆(zhuan)(zhuan)隸(li)(li)《千字(zi)(zi)文(wen)》,書(shu)(shu)(shu)法結構簡(jian)練隨意(yi)而無匠氣,筆(bi)秀雅而挺勁(jing),與世(shi)流行之六體千字(zi)(zi)文(wen)比較,自有(you)書(shu)(shu)(shu)卷氣。冊(ce)上有(you)清內府(fu)鑒藏(zang)印(yin)(yin)九方,并有(you)河(he)南商丘陳氏收藏(zang)之印(yin)(yin)多方。《石渠寶笈(ji)三(san)(san)編》著錄。
明王世貞《題俞紫芝急(ji)就章》:“子中獨能尋考遺則于斷墨殘楮,遂與仲(zhong)溫并驅。”(仲(zhong)溫,明書家(jia)宋克,號南宮生,俞和字號紫芝生,是以(yi)為記。書法(fa)江(jiang)湖處天輯)
明桑(sang)悅評:“紫(zi)芝所(suo)書(shu),深得松雪筆意,而圭角(jiao)稍露(lu),比之(zhi)松雪正如獻之(zhi)之(zhi)于羲之(zhi)也”