修(xiu)水黃(huang)龍(long)古剎,位于湘、鄂、贛三(san)省交界的幕(mu)阜山(shan)東麓,修(xiu)水縣西北區黃(huang)龍(long)村境(jing)內(nei),宋代為江(jiang)南(nan)佛教四(si)大叢(cong)林之(zhi)一,是(shi)中國(guo)佛教禪宗黃(huang)龍(long)宗發源地,1987年列為省級文物保護單位。古剎始建于唐乾寧二年(895年),為超慧祖師所(suo)(suo)創。超慧至黃(huang)龍(long)觀止而言(yan)曰:“凝三(san)山(shan)之(zhi)靈秀,蓄(xu)九泉之(zhi)源流,九關十三(san)鎖,真佛境(jing)也。”遂建黃(huang)龍(long)寺(si)。據僧譜所(suo)(suo)載,此寺(si)初(chu)建時,一進九重,規模宏大。建有(you)韋陀殿(dian)、天王(wang)殿(dian)、鐘鼓樓、金剛(gang)殿(dian)、大雄寶殿(dian)等殿(dian)宇,氣魄(po)雄偉。
至清末民初及十年(nian)文革(ge)浩劫期間(jian),寺(si)院最后慘(can)遭破壞,古樹(shu)被砍到(dao),寺(si)廟(miao)被焚燒(shao),神鐘被砸爛(lan),佛(fo)像(xiang)被推翻。幾經興衰的黃龍寺(si),至1994年(nian),本縣出(chu)家(jia)多(duo)年(nian)的比丘尼——仁玉、惟白母女(nv)倆為(wei)弘揚家(jia)鄉佛(fo)法,隨緣回鄉住寺(si),使(shi)沉睡多(duo)年(nian)的黃龍寺(si)重新點燃了香火。
寺(si)(si)右(you)側有(you)(you)(you)石刻(ke)(ke)“翠云洞”三字,洞內有(you)(you)(you)宋人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)摩崖石刻(ke)(ke)“張(zhang)顏幾、黃叔(shu)豹、叔(shu)熬、茂來(lai)謁長(chang)老(lao)清(qing)公,時堂中有(you)(you)(you)眾五百人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。建(jian)(jian)乙酉二(er)月甲(jia)子。”其側有(you)(you)(you)江西派詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)韓(han)駒題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)“韓(han)駒丕馳來(lai)游”。寺(si)(si)右(you)側有(you)(you)(you)崖鑿石梯級,名(ming)上(shang)天梯。其石壁刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)“南無阿彌陀佛”六字,其側另有(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)僧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)焚化之地,名(ming)“化人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)坑(keng)”,其石壁上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)“三關”二(er)字石刻(ke)(ke)。寺(si)(si)前(qian)約五百米處(chu)右(you)側石壁刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)“法(fa)窟”二(er)字。數(shu)十座高(gao)僧墓塔(ta)(亭),即為黃龍(long)寺(si)(si)塔(ta)林,位于黃龍(long)寺(si)(si)右(you)前(qian),黃龍(long)宗祖師慧南于宋熙寧二(er)年圓(yuan)寂(ji),塔(ta)葬寺(si)(si)之右(you)前(qian)嶂,保(bao)存至今。他的兩代主要傳人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)祖心、死心圓(yuan)寂(ji)后其舍利(li)塔(ta)即建(jian)(jian)于此,后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱之為三塔(ta)嘰,為黃龍(long)寺(si)(si)著名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)勝(sheng)跡。
在現存觀(guan)音堂內,清光緒六(liu)年的木刻禪(chan)匾上行書“箭鋒(feng)妙(miao)法”四個大字(zi)雖(sui)距今130余年,依然完好。最為可貴與難(nan)得(de)的是寺內還完好地保存著劉基題(ti)的一幅對聯:“呂祖參(can)禪(chan)到此間,始釋修行奧妙(miao);黃(huang)公訪道(dao)登斯地,方明出世因緣(yuan)。”
慧(hui)(hui)南(nan)普能(neng)(neng)—祖(zu)心道(dao)(dao)(dao)瑄—惟清(qing)了(le)潔—韶(shao)陽(yang)悟新—祖(zu)意正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)海(hai)—瞿成(cheng)(cheng)像明(ming)(ming)—可遺因(yin)(yin)相—慧(hui)(hui)通智慥—光凌曉安—明(ming)(ming)覺妙(miao)良—顯清(qing)惠(hui)游(you)—慧(hui)(hui)宗德修—光湛紹(shao)祖(zu)—宗澄(cheng)慈(ci)清(qing)—復明(ming)(ming)永(yong)(yong)佑—錦明(ming)(ming)慶(qing)(qing)致—元(yuan)盡(jin)真(zhen)飲—宗龍(long)(long)嗣續—翠蘇宏(hong)文(wen)(wen)—鑒心希(xi)才—燭朗普光—心空道(dao)(dao)(dao)簡—養元(yuan)了(le)實—澄(cheng)光悟修—獻玉(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)滌—元(yuan)甫(fu)緣(yuan)華—月潭因(yin)(yin)賢—一菩智美(mei)—汝文(wen)(wen)曉通—時春妙(miao)果(guo)—相甫(fu)惠(hui)贊—子云德漢—自如(ru)紹(shao)夫—以智慈(ci)慧(hui)(hui)—元(yuan)美(mei)永(yong)(yong)華—必能(neng)(neng)慶(qing)(qing)良—本(ben)明(ming)(ming)真(zhen)文(wen)(wen)—復中(zhong)嗣敬—?德宏(hong)仁—文(wen)(wen)興(xing)(xing)希(xi)旺—一祥(xiang)普慶(qing)(qing)—園(yuan)明(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)(dao)鏡—慧(hui)(hui)燈了(le)然(ran)—盛奄悟勝—繼菴正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法—景翠緣(yuan)吉—朗然(ran)因(yin)(yin)澄(cheng)—月軒智滿—慈(ci)慧(hui)(hui)膛(tang)啟—盛吉妙(miao)成(cheng)(cheng)—永(yong)(yong)宗惠(hui)榮(rong)—惟慶(qing)(qing)德吉—文(wen)(wen)理紹(shao)虎—隱(yin)淮(huai)慈(ci)惠(hui)—惺德永(yong)(yong)福—參如(ru)慶(qing)(qing)良—黨(dang)海(hai)真(zhen)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)—悟微嗣禧—微庵(an)宏(hong)惠(hui)—毓宗希(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)—祥(xiang)明(ming)(ming)普慧(hui)(hui)—星亮道(dao)(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)—松穎了(le)龍(long)(long)—演清(qing)悟連(lian)—界(jie)然(ran)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)潮—密宏(hong)緣(yuan)機—碧空遠興(xing)(xing)—覺聰永(yong)(yong)性—秋聲佛谷—輝谷祖(zu)耀(yao)—融朗印春—遇(yu)寬本(ben)啟—若能(neng)(neng)演會(hui)—習傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)續岳—萬法心?—脫塵宗乘—西岳華封—妙(miao)元(yuan)嚴(yan)遵—自逍方來(lai)—月淮(huai)澄(cheng)波(bo)—爽(shuang)懷凈里—醒迷(mi)果(guo)通。
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍寺(si),原名(ming)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍于(yu)(yu)玕寺(si),由青原玄(xuan)泉彥禪師(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)徒超(chao)慧于(yu)(yu)唐乾寧二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(895年(nian)(nian))創建,至今已有(you)(you)1100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史。寺(si)址(zhi)由“風水之(zhi)祖”司馬頭陀親自(zi)勘定,故僧(seng)(seng)侶云集,宗(zong)(zong)風遠(yuan)振(zhen);超(chao)慧禪師(shi)(shi)(shi)降伏(fu)呂洞賓(bin)為侍客童子,聲名(ming)鵲(que)起,有(you)(you)“法窟”之(zhi)稱(cheng);唐、宋(song)曾(ceng)三(san)次(即光(guang)化二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(899年(nian)(nian))、元佑元年(nian)(nian)(904年(nian)(nian))、祥符八年(nian)(nian)(101年(nian)(nian)))旌表超(chao)慧和黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)為“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍大德祖師(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍祖師(shi)(shi)(shi)”與(yu)“崇恩黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍禪院”,故有(you)(you)“三(san)敕崇恩禪院”之(zhi)稱(cheng),叢林側目;宋(song)英宗(zong)(zong)治平二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),洪州(zhou)太守程公孟敦請臨濟名(ming)僧(seng)(seng)慧南入主(zhu),創立黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍宗(zong)(zong),聲名(ming)大振(zhen)。至今存有(you)(you)眾多(duo)歷史遺跡,如遍布寺(si)周的(de)僧(seng)(seng)墳及摩崖石刻,著名(ming)的(de)景(jing)觀“九關十三(san)鎖”在寺(si)正前方。
黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)寺為(wei)歷代文人(ren)騷客所詠頌,亦有珍稀手跡(ji)傳世(shi)而存。皈依黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)宗的居士(shi)如蘇(su)軾、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)庭堅(jian)、張商英、徐(xu)禧(xi)等一大批文人(ren)士(shi)大夫(fu),以及曾經宦游修水的文人(ren)曾鞏、陸游等人(ren),都為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)寺寫過(guo)詩(shi)篇(pian)文章(zhang)。特別是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)庭堅(jian),由于(yu)是(shi)江西(xi)修水人(ren),入(ru)祖心(xin)晦堂之室,又(you)與靈(ling)源惟清、死心(xin)悟新、兜率(lv)慧照、清涼慧洪等一批黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)高僧過(guo)從(cong)甚密(mi),所以為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)寺留下諸多詩(shi)文書法。
相傳,當時黃龍寺大(da)小匾額碑(bei)記皆為黃庭堅(jian)所書(shu)。其親筆手書(shu)有楷書(shu)“三言詩帖”、大(da)行(xing)楷“晦堂和尚開堂疏”、行(xing)書(shu)“觀音贊”、“燒香(xiang)頌”以及摩崖石(shi)刻“靈源(yuan)”、“黃龍山”、“法窟”等。
“靈(ling)(ling)源”二字(zi)(zi),行楷陰刻于(yu)靈(ling)(ling)源拱橋頭左側巨石(shi)上;“三(san)敕崇恩禪院(yuan)”的匾額永留寺中,“黃(huang)龍山”三(san)字(zi)(zi)刻于(yu)寺前下馬(ma)石(shi)壁(bi)上,字(zi)(zi)徑達85厘米,其(qi)遒勁蒼健的手跡(ji)至今清晰(xi)可(ke)見。崇寧元年(nian)春,黃(huang)庭堅從四川貶官獲赦回修,拜訪分別多(duo)年(nian)的道(dao)友靈(ling)(ling)源惟清,又與道(dao)友戴道(dao)純邂逅(hou)于(yu)黃(huang)龍寺。當時,晦堂祖心已圓(yuan)寂(ji),塔于(yu)慧(hui)南(nan)(nan)之側,黃(huang)庭堅作(zuo)《燒香頌》拜過慧(hui)南(nan)(nan)、祖心雙塔,臨(lin)別作(zuo)詩一首云:山行十日雨(yu)沾(zhan)衣,幕阜(fu)山前對落暉(hui)。野(ye)水自添田水滿,晴鳩卻喚雨(yu)鳩歸。靈(ling)(ling)源大師人(ren)天眼,雙塔祖師諸佛(fo)機。白發蒼顏重到此,問君還是(shi)昔人(ren)非(fei)?
并將古(gu)寺(si)尚存的遺址(zhi)東方丈、祖師堂(tang)等(deng)得到了修(xiu)復;1996年(nian),上海(hai)等(deng)地(di)佛門弟子(zi)遠(yuan)道捐贈神鐘,送來(lai)(lai)佛像;1998年(nian)地(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)協(xie)助修(xiu)通了抵寺(si)公路;近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)寺(si)院住持(chi)等(deng)籌資又修(xiu)改了門首河道,恢(hui)復了古(gu)寺(si)地(di)形(xing)風水原(yuan)貌;日本佛教(jiao)界多(duo)次專門派人前來(lai)(lai)拜謁黃龍祖庭(ting)。
黃(huang)龍古剎,由于(yu)歷史悠(you)久,風(feng)景別(bie)致(zhi),吸(xi)引(yin)歷代(dai)文人(ren)(ren)墨客(ke)常游此地,如(ru)宋代(dai)王安石、蘇(su)軾、蘇(su)澈、黃(huang)庭堅(jian)、張商英、陸游、萬承風(feng)、明軍師劉伯溫、清乾隆等(deng)(deng),他們之中并留有摩崖石刻,“靈源”、“黃(huang)龍山”、“法窟”、“三關”、“翠云洞”等(deng)(deng)手跡,并保存完(wan)好。而其(qi)它遺址(物)因年(nian)代(dai)久遠,歷盡滄桑,尚存不多,令人(ren)(ren)嘆息!