修(xiu)水(shui)黃(huang)龍(long)古(gu)剎,位于湘(xiang)、鄂(e)、贛三(san)省交界(jie)的(de)幕阜山(shan)東麓,修(xiu)水(shui)縣西北(bei)區黃(huang)龍(long)村境內,宋代為江南(nan)佛(fo)教四大叢林之一(yi),是(shi)中國佛(fo)教禪宗(zong)黃(huang)龍(long)宗(zong)發源地,1987年列(lie)為省級文物保護單位。古(gu)剎始建于唐乾(qian)寧二年(895年),為超(chao)(chao)慧祖(zu)師所(suo)創。超(chao)(chao)慧至黃(huang)龍(long)觀(guan)止而言曰:“凝(ning)三(san)山(shan)之靈秀,蓄九泉之源流,九關(guan)十三(san)鎖,真佛(fo)境也。”遂建黃(huang)龍(long)寺(si)。據僧譜所(suo)載,此寺(si)初(chu)建時(shi),一(yi)進九重,規模宏大。建有韋陀殿、天王殿、鐘鼓(gu)樓、金剛殿、大雄寶殿等殿宇,氣魄雄偉。
至清末民初及十年(nian)文(wen)革浩劫期間(jian),寺(si)院最后慘遭破壞(huai),古樹被(bei)(bei)砍到(dao),寺(si)廟被(bei)(bei)焚燒,神(shen)鐘被(bei)(bei)砸爛,佛像被(bei)(bei)推翻。幾經興(xing)衰的黃(huang)龍寺(si),至1994年(nian),本縣出家多年(nian)的比丘尼(ni)——仁玉、惟白母女倆(lia)為弘(hong)揚家鄉佛法,隨(sui)緣(yuan)回鄉住寺(si),使(shi)沉睡多年(nian)的黃(huang)龍寺(si)重新點燃了香火。
寺右(you)側(ce)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)“翠(cui)云洞”三字,洞內(nei)有(you)(you)宋(song)人摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)“張顏幾、黃(huang)叔(shu)豹、叔(shu)熬(ao)、茂來謁長老清公,時堂中有(you)(you)眾五(wu)百(bai)人。建(jian)乙酉二(er)(er)月甲子(zi)。”其側(ce)有(you)(you)江西派詩人韓駒題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)“韓駒丕馳來游”。寺右(you)側(ce)有(you)(you)崖鑿(zao)石(shi)(shi)梯級,名(ming)(ming)上天(tian)梯。其石(shi)(shi)壁刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)“南無(wu)阿彌陀佛”六字,其側(ce)另有(you)(you)一處(chu)僧人焚化(hua)之地,名(ming)(ming)“化(hua)人坑”,其石(shi)(shi)壁上有(you)(you)“三關”二(er)(er)字石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。寺前(qian)約五(wu)百(bai)米處(chu)右(you)側(ce)石(shi)(shi)壁刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)“法窟”二(er)(er)字。數十座高僧墓塔(ta)(亭),即為黃(huang)龍(long)(long)寺塔(ta)林,位(wei)于黃(huang)龍(long)(long)寺右(you)前(qian),黃(huang)龍(long)(long)宗祖師慧南于宋(song)熙寧二(er)(er)年圓寂(ji),塔(ta)葬寺之右(you)前(qian)嶂,保(bao)存至(zhi)今。他的兩(liang)代主(zhu)要傳人祖心、死心圓寂(ji)后其舍利塔(ta)即建(jian)于此,后人稱之為三塔(ta)嘰,為黃(huang)龍(long)(long)寺著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)人文勝跡。
在現存觀(guan)音(yin)堂內,清光緒六年的(de)(de)木刻禪匾上行書“箭(jian)鋒妙法”四個大字雖距今130余年,依(yi)然完好。最為可貴與(yu)難得的(de)(de)是寺內還完好地(di)保存著劉(liu)基題的(de)(de)一幅對(dui)聯:“呂(lv)祖(zu)參禪到(dao)此(ci)間,始釋修行奧妙;黃公(gong)訪道(dao)登斯地(di),方明出世因緣。”
慧(hui)(hui)南普(pu)(pu)能—祖(zu)(zu)心道瑄—惟清了潔—韶陽悟新—祖(zu)(zu)意正(zheng)海(hai)—瞿成(cheng)像明—可(ke)遺因(yin)相(xiang)—慧(hui)(hui)通智(zhi)慥—光凌曉安—明覺妙(miao)(miao)良(liang)—顯(xian)清惠游—慧(hui)(hui)宗(zong)德(de)修—光湛紹(shao)祖(zu)(zu)—宗(zong)澄慈清—復明永佑—錦明慶(qing)致—元(yuan)盡真飲—宗(zong)龍嗣(si)續(xu)(xu)—翠蘇宏(hong)(hong)文(wen)—鑒心希(xi)才—燭朗(lang)普(pu)(pu)光—心空(kong)道簡—養(yang)元(yuan)了實—澄光悟修—獻玉(yu)正(zheng)滌(di)—元(yuan)甫緣華—月(yue)潭因(yin)賢—一菩智(zhi)美(mei)(mei)—汝文(wen)曉通—時春妙(miao)(miao)果(guo)—相(xiang)甫惠贊—子云(yun)德(de)漢(han)—自(zi)如紹(shao)夫—以智(zhi)慈慧(hui)(hui)—元(yuan)美(mei)(mei)永華—必能慶(qing)良(liang)—本明真文(wen)—復中嗣(si)敬—?德(de)宏(hong)(hong)仁—文(wen)興希(xi)旺—一祥普(pu)(pu)慶(qing)—園(yuan)明道鏡—慧(hui)(hui)燈了然—盛奄(yan)悟勝—繼(ji)菴正(zheng)法(fa)—景翠緣吉(ji)—朗(lang)然因(yin)澄—月(yue)軒智(zhi)滿—慈慧(hui)(hui)膛啟—盛吉(ji)妙(miao)(miao)成(cheng)—永宗(zong)惠榮—惟慶(qing)德(de)吉(ji)—文(wen)理(li)紹(shao)虎(hu)—隱淮(huai)慈惠—惺德(de)永福—參如慶(qing)良(liang)—黨海(hai)真傳—悟微(wei)嗣(si)禧(xi)—微(wei)庵宏(hong)(hong)惠—毓(yu)宗(zong)希(xi)傳—祥明普(pu)(pu)慧(hui)(hui)—星亮道成(cheng)—松穎了龍—演(yan)清悟連—界然正(zheng)潮(chao)—密(mi)宏(hong)(hong)緣機—碧空(kong)遠興—覺聰(cong)永性—秋聲佛(fo)谷—輝谷祖(zu)(zu)耀—融朗(lang)印春—遇寬本啟—若能演(yan)會(hui)—習傳續(xu)(xu)岳(yue)—萬法(fa)心?—脫塵宗(zong)乘—西(xi)岳(yue)華封—妙(miao)(miao)元(yuan)嚴遵(zun)—自(zi)逍(xiao)方來(lai)—月(yue)淮(huai)澄波—爽(shuang)懷凈里—醒(xing)迷果(guo)通。
黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)寺,原名黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)于(yu)玕寺,由青原玄泉彥禪(chan)師(shi)之徒(tu)超(chao)慧于(yu)唐(tang)乾寧二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(895年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))創建,至今已有1100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。寺址(zhi)由“風(feng)水之祖(zu)”司馬(ma)頭陀親自勘定,故(gu)僧(seng)侶云(yun)集,宗(zong)風(feng)遠振;超(chao)慧禪(chan)師(shi)降伏(fu)呂(lv)洞賓為侍客童(tong)子,聲名鵲(que)起(qi),有“法窟”之稱(cheng);唐(tang)、宋曾三次(ci)(即光化二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、元佑(you)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(904年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、祥(xiang)符八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(101年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)))旌(jing)表超(chao)慧和黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)寺為“黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)大德祖(zu)師(shi)”、“黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)祖(zu)師(shi)”與“崇恩(en)黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)院”,故(gu)有“三敕崇恩(en)禪(chan)院”之稱(cheng),叢(cong)林(lin)側(ce)目;宋英宗(zong)治(zhi)平二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),洪州太(tai)守程公(gong)孟敦請臨濟(ji)名僧(seng)慧南(nan)入主,創立黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)宗(zong),聲名大振。至今存(cun)有眾多歷(li)史遺跡,如遍布寺周的(de)僧(seng)墳及(ji)摩崖石刻,著(zhu)名的(de)景觀“九關(guan)十三鎖”在(zai)寺正前(qian)方(fang)。
黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)寺(si)為歷(li)代文(wen)人(ren)(ren)騷(sao)客所詠(yong)頌,亦有珍稀手跡傳(chuan)世(shi)而(er)存。皈依黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)宗的(de)居士(shi)(shi)如蘇軾、黃(huang)(huang)庭堅、張(zhang)商英、徐禧等(deng)(deng)一大批文(wen)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)大夫,以(yi)及曾(ceng)經宦(huan)游(you)修水(shui)的(de)文(wen)人(ren)(ren)曾(ceng)鞏、陸游(you)等(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren),都為黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)寺(si)寫(xie)過詩(shi)篇文(wen)章。特別是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)庭堅,由于(yu)是(shi)江西(xi)修水(shui)人(ren)(ren),入祖心晦堂之室,又與靈源惟(wei)清、死心悟新、兜率慧(hui)照、清涼慧(hui)洪等(deng)(deng)一批黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)高僧過從甚密,所以(yi)為黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)(long)寺(si)留下諸(zhu)多詩(shi)文(wen)書法(fa)。
相傳,當(dang)時黃龍(long)寺大(da)小匾額碑記皆為黃庭堅所(suo)書(shu)(shu)。其親(qin)筆手書(shu)(shu)有(you)楷書(shu)(shu)“三(san)言(yan)詩帖”、大(da)行(xing)楷“晦堂(tang)和尚開堂(tang)疏”、行(xing)書(shu)(shu)“觀音贊”、“燒香(xiang)頌”以及摩(mo)崖石刻“靈源”、“黃龍(long)山”、“法(fa)窟(ku)”等。
“靈源(yuan)”二字(zi),行楷陰刻(ke)于靈源(yuan)拱橋頭左側(ce)巨石上;“三敕崇恩禪院”的(de)匾(bian)額永留寺(si)中(zhong),“黃(huang)龍山”三字(zi)刻(ke)于寺(si)前(qian)下馬石壁上,字(zi)徑(jing)達85厘米,其遒勁蒼健的(de)手跡至今清(qing)晰可見。崇寧(ning)元(yuan)年(nian)春,黃(huang)庭(ting)堅從四川貶官(guan)獲赦回修,拜(bai)訪(fang)分別多年(nian)的(de)道(dao)友靈源(yuan)惟清(qing),又與道(dao)友戴道(dao)純邂逅于黃(huang)龍寺(si)。當(dang)時(shi),晦堂祖(zu)心已(yi)圓寂,塔于慧(hui)南之(zhi)側(ce),黃(huang)庭(ting)堅作(zuo)《燒(shao)香頌》拜(bai)過慧(hui)南、祖(zu)心雙(shuang)塔,臨別作(zuo)詩一(yi)首(shou)云:山行十日雨沾(zhan)衣,幕阜山前(qian)對(dui)落暉。野水自添田水滿,晴鳩卻喚雨鳩歸。靈源(yuan)大師人(ren)天(tian)眼(yan),雙(shuang)塔祖(zu)師諸佛(fo)機(ji)。白發蒼顏重到此,問君還是昔(xi)人(ren)非(fei)?
并將古(gu)寺尚存的遺(yi)址東(dong)方(fang)丈、祖(zu)師堂(tang)等得(de)到了(le)修(xiu)復;1996年(nian),上海等地佛門(men)弟子遠道(dao)捐贈(zeng)神鐘,送來(lai)佛像;1998年(nian)地方(fang)政府協助修(xiu)通了(le)抵寺公路;近年(nian)來(lai)寺院住持等籌資又修(xiu)改了(le)門(men)首(shou)河道(dao),恢復了(le)古(gu)寺地形(xing)風水原貌;日(ri)本(ben)佛教界多次專門(men)派人前(qian)來(lai)拜謁黃龍(long)祖(zu)庭。
黃(huang)龍古剎,由于歷(li)史悠久,風(feng)景別致,吸引歷(li)代文人墨客常游此地,如(ru)宋代王(wang)安(an)石、蘇軾(shi)、蘇澈、黃(huang)庭堅、張商英(ying)、陸游、萬承風(feng)、明軍師劉伯(bo)溫、清乾隆等(deng)(deng),他們之中并留有摩崖石刻,“靈源”、“黃(huang)龍山(shan)”、“法窟”、“三關”、“翠云洞”等(deng)(deng)手跡,并保存(cun)完好。而其它遺址(物)因年代久遠,歷(li)盡滄桑,尚存(cun)不多,令人嘆息!