修水(shui)黃(huang)龍(long)古(gu)剎(cha),位(wei)于湘、鄂(e)、贛三(san)省(sheng)交界的幕阜山(shan)東麓,修水(shui)縣西(xi)北區黃(huang)龍(long)村境(jing)內(nei),宋(song)代為江南(nan)佛教四大(da)叢林之(zhi)一,是中國(guo)佛教禪(chan)宗黃(huang)龍(long)宗發源地(di),1987年列為省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護單位(wei)。古(gu)剎(cha)始建于唐乾寧二年(895年),為超慧(hui)祖師(shi)所創。超慧(hui)至黃(huang)龍(long)觀(guan)止而言(yan)曰:“凝三(san)山(shan)之(zhi)靈秀(xiu),蓄(xu)九泉之(zhi)源流,九關十三(san)鎖,真(zhen)佛境(jing)也。”遂建黃(huang)龍(long)寺。據僧譜所載,此寺初建時,一進九重,規模宏大(da)。建有韋陀殿、天王殿、鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓、金剛殿、大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿等(deng)殿宇(yu),氣魄雄(xiong)偉。
至(zhi)清末民(min)初及(ji)十(shi)年文(wen)革浩(hao)劫期間(jian),寺院最后慘遭(zao)破(po)壞(huai),古樹被(bei)(bei)砍到,寺廟(miao)被(bei)(bei)焚(fen)燒,神鐘(zhong)被(bei)(bei)砸爛,佛像(xiang)被(bei)(bei)推翻。幾經興衰的(de)黃龍寺,至(zhi)1994年,本縣出家多(duo)年的(de)比(bi)丘尼——仁玉、惟白(bai)母(mu)女倆為弘揚家鄉佛法,隨緣回鄉住寺,使沉睡多(duo)年的(de)黃龍寺重新點(dian)燃了香火。
寺(si)(si)右側有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)“翠云洞”三(san)(san)(san)字,洞內有(you)宋人(ren)(ren)摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)“張(zhang)顏幾、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)叔(shu)豹、叔(shu)熬、茂來謁長老清(qing)公(gong),時堂中有(you)眾(zhong)五百(bai)人(ren)(ren)。建乙酉二月甲子。”其側有(you)江西派詩人(ren)(ren)韓駒題刻(ke)(ke)“韓駒丕馳來游”。寺(si)(si)右側有(you)崖鑿石(shi)(shi)梯(ti)級,名上天梯(ti)。其石(shi)(shi)壁刻(ke)(ke)有(you)“南(nan)無(wu)阿彌陀(tuo)佛”六字,其側另有(you)一處(chu)僧人(ren)(ren)焚化之地,名“化人(ren)(ren)坑”,其石(shi)(shi)壁上有(you)“三(san)(san)(san)關(guan)”二字石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)。寺(si)(si)前約五百(bai)米(mi)處(chu)右側石(shi)(shi)壁刻(ke)(ke)有(you)“法窟”二字。數十座(zuo)高僧墓塔(ta)(ta)(亭(ting)),即為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)林(lin),位于(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)(si)右前,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍宗祖師慧南(nan)于(yu)宋熙(xi)寧二年圓寂,塔(ta)(ta)葬寺(si)(si)之右前嶂,保存(cun)至今。他的(de)兩代主要傳(chuan)人(ren)(ren)祖心(xin)、死心(xin)圓寂后其舍利(li)塔(ta)(ta)即建于(yu)此,后人(ren)(ren)稱之為三(san)(san)(san)塔(ta)(ta)嘰,為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)(si)著名人(ren)(ren)文勝跡。
在現(xian)存觀音(yin)堂內(nei),清光緒六年(nian)的(de)(de)木刻禪(chan)匾上(shang)行書(shu)“箭(jian)鋒妙(miao)法”四個大字雖距(ju)今130余年(nian),依然完好(hao)。最為可貴與(yu)難得(de)的(de)(de)是寺內(nei)還(huan)完好(hao)地保存著劉基題(ti)的(de)(de)一幅對聯:“呂祖參(can)禪(chan)到此間,始釋修行奧妙(miao);黃公訪道登斯地,方明出世(shi)因緣(yuan)。”
慧(hui)南普(pu)(pu)能(neng)—祖(zu)心(xin)道瑄—惟清(qing)了(le)潔—韶陽悟(wu)(wu)新—祖(zu)意正海(hai)—瞿成像明(ming)(ming)—可遺因(yin)相(xiang)—慧(hui)通智慥—光凌曉安—明(ming)(ming)覺妙良—顯清(qing)惠游—慧(hui)宗(zong)德(de)(de)修—光湛紹(shao)祖(zu)—宗(zong)澄(cheng)(cheng)慈(ci)(ci)清(qing)—復明(ming)(ming)永(yong)佑(you)—錦明(ming)(ming)慶致—元盡(jin)真(zhen)飲(yin)—宗(zong)龍嗣(si)續—翠蘇宏(hong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)—鑒(jian)心(xin)希才—燭朗普(pu)(pu)光—心(xin)空道簡—養元了(le)實—澄(cheng)(cheng)光悟(wu)(wu)修—獻玉正滌—元甫(fu)(fu)緣(yuan)華—月潭因(yin)賢—一菩智美—汝文(wen)(wen)(wen)曉通—時春妙果—相(xiang)甫(fu)(fu)惠贊—子云德(de)(de)漢(han)—自如紹(shao)夫—以智慈(ci)(ci)慧(hui)—元美永(yong)華—必能(neng)慶良—本明(ming)(ming)真(zhen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)—復中嗣(si)敬—?德(de)(de)宏(hong)仁—文(wen)(wen)(wen)興希旺—一祥普(pu)(pu)慶—園明(ming)(ming)道鏡—慧(hui)燈了(le)然(ran)—盛奄悟(wu)(wu)勝(sheng)—繼菴正法—景翠緣(yuan)吉(ji)—朗然(ran)因(yin)澄(cheng)(cheng)—月軒智滿—慈(ci)(ci)慧(hui)膛啟(qi)—盛吉(ji)妙成—永(yong)宗(zong)惠榮—惟慶德(de)(de)吉(ji)—文(wen)(wen)(wen)理紹(shao)虎—隱淮慈(ci)(ci)惠—惺德(de)(de)永(yong)福—參如慶良—黨海(hai)真(zhen)傳—悟(wu)(wu)微嗣(si)禧(xi)—微庵宏(hong)惠—毓宗(zong)希傳—祥明(ming)(ming)普(pu)(pu)慧(hui)—星亮道成—松(song)穎了(le)龍—演清(qing)悟(wu)(wu)連—界(jie)然(ran)正潮—密宏(hong)緣(yuan)機(ji)—碧空遠興—覺聰永(yong)性—秋聲佛谷—輝(hui)谷祖(zu)耀(yao)—融朗印春—遇(yu)寬本啟(qi)—若能(neng)演會—習傳續岳(yue)—萬法心(xin)?—脫塵宗(zong)乘—西岳(yue)華封(feng)—妙元嚴(yan)遵—自逍方來—月淮澄(cheng)(cheng)波—爽(shuang)懷凈里—醒迷果通。
黃(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)(si),原名(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)龍于玕寺(si)(si),由(you)青原玄泉(quan)彥禪(chan)(chan)師之(zhi)(zhi)徒超(chao)慧(hui)于唐乾寧二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(895年(nian)(nian)(nian))創建(jian),至(zhi)今已有1100多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。寺(si)(si)址由(you)“風(feng)水之(zhi)(zhi)祖”司馬頭陀親自(zi)勘定,故僧(seng)侶云集,宗風(feng)遠振;超(chao)慧(hui)禪(chan)(chan)師降伏呂洞賓為侍(shi)客童子,聲名(ming)(ming)鵲起(qi),有“法(fa)窟”之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng);唐、宋(song)曾三次(即光化二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(899年(nian)(nian)(nian))、元佑元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(904年(nian)(nian)(nian))、祥符八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(101年(nian)(nian)(nian)))旌表超(chao)慧(hui)和黃(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)(si)為“黃(huang)(huang)龍大(da)德(de)祖師”、“黃(huang)(huang)龍祖師”與“崇恩黃(huang)(huang)龍禪(chan)(chan)院”,故有“三敕崇恩禪(chan)(chan)院”之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng),叢林側目;宋(song)英宗治平二年(nian)(nian)(nian),洪州太守程公孟敦請臨濟名(ming)(ming)僧(seng)慧(hui)南入主,創立(li)黃(huang)(huang)龍宗,聲名(ming)(ming)大(da)振。至(zhi)今存有眾多(duo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)遺跡(ji),如遍布(bu)寺(si)(si)周的僧(seng)墳及摩崖(ya)石刻(ke),著名(ming)(ming)的景觀“九關十(shi)三鎖”在寺(si)(si)正前方。
黃(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)為(wei)歷代文(wen)人(ren)騷客所詠頌,亦有珍稀(xi)手跡傳世而(er)存。皈依黃(huang)(huang)龍宗的居士(shi)如蘇軾、黃(huang)(huang)庭堅(jian)、張(zhang)商英、徐禧等一大批文(wen)人(ren)士(shi)大夫,以及曾經宦游修水(shui)的文(wen)人(ren)曾鞏、陸游等人(ren),都為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)寫過(guo)詩篇文(wen)章。特別是黃(huang)(huang)庭堅(jian),由于是江(jiang)西修水(shui)人(ren),入祖心晦堂之室(shi),又與靈源惟清(qing)、死心悟新、兜率慧照(zhao)、清(qing)涼慧洪等一批黃(huang)(huang)龍高僧(seng)過(guo)從(cong)甚密,所以為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)龍寺(si)留下諸多詩文(wen)書法。
相傳,當(dang)時黃龍(long)寺大(da)小(xiao)匾額碑記皆(jie)為黃庭(ting)堅所(suo)書。其親筆手(shou)書有楷(kai)書“三言(yan)詩(shi)帖”、大(da)行楷(kai)“晦堂(tang)(tang)和尚開堂(tang)(tang)疏(shu)”、行書“觀(guan)音贊”、“燒香頌”以及摩崖石刻“靈源(yuan)”、“黃龍(long)山”、“法窟”等。
“靈源(yuan)”二字(zi),行楷(kai)陰刻于靈源(yuan)拱橋頭左(zuo)側巨石(shi)上;“三敕崇恩禪院”的(de)匾(bian)額永(yong)留寺(si)中,“黃(huang)龍山”三字(zi)刻于寺(si)前(qian)下(xia)馬石(shi)壁上,字(zi)徑(jing)達(da)85厘(li)米,其遒勁蒼(cang)健的(de)手跡至今清(qing)晰可見(jian)。崇寧(ning)元(yuan)年(nian)春,黃(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)從四川貶官(guan)獲(huo)赦回修(xiu),拜訪(fang)分別(bie)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)道友(you)靈源(yuan)惟清(qing),又與道友(you)戴道純邂逅于黃(huang)龍寺(si)。當(dang)時,晦堂(tang)祖心已圓寂,塔(ta)于慧(hui)(hui)南(nan)之側,黃(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)作《燒香頌》拜過慧(hui)(hui)南(nan)、祖心雙塔(ta),臨別(bie)作詩一(yi)首云:山行十日雨沾衣,幕(mu)阜(fu)山前(qian)對落暉。野水自添田(tian)水滿,晴鳩卻喚雨鳩歸。靈源(yuan)大師人天眼,雙塔(ta)祖師諸佛機。白發蒼(cang)顏重到(dao)此,問(wen)君還是(shi)昔人非?
并將古(gu)寺(si)尚存的遺址東方丈、祖(zu)師(shi)堂等(deng)(deng)得到了(le)修(xiu)復;1996年(nian),上海等(deng)(deng)地佛門弟子(zi)遠道捐贈神鐘,送(song)來佛像;1998年(nian)地方政(zheng)府協助修(xiu)通了(le)抵(di)寺(si)公(gong)路;近年(nian)來寺(si)院(yuan)住持(chi)等(deng)(deng)籌資又(you)修(xiu)改了(le)門首河道,恢(hui)復了(le)古(gu)寺(si)地形風水(shui)原貌;日本佛教界(jie)多(duo)次專門派人前來拜謁黃(huang)龍祖(zu)庭。
黃(huang)龍(long)古(gu)剎,由于歷(li)(li)史悠久,風(feng)(feng)景別致,吸引歷(li)(li)代(dai)文人墨客常游(you)此(ci)地,如宋(song)代(dai)王安石、蘇(su)軾、蘇(su)澈、黃(huang)庭堅、張商英(ying)、陸游(you)、萬(wan)承(cheng)風(feng)(feng)、明軍師劉伯溫、清乾隆(long)等,他們之中(zhong)并留有摩(mo)崖(ya)石刻(ke),“靈源”、“黃(huang)龍(long)山”、“法窟”、“三關”、“翠(cui)云洞”等手跡,并保(bao)存完好。而其(qi)它遺址(物)因年代(dai)久遠,歷(li)(li)盡滄(cang)桑(sang),尚存不多,令(ling)人嘆(tan)息!