背景介紹：

禪(chan)宗(zong)祖(zu)師為(wei)印度(du)高僧達摩尊(zun)者，傳(chuan)慧可、僧璨、道信。至五祖(zu)弘忍后又分(fen)為(wei)南宗(zong)惠能（六祖(zu)），北宗(zong)神秀。之后隨著大(da)范圍傳(chuan)播發(fa)展，又分(fen)成溈(gui)仰宗(zong)、臨濟宗(zong)、曹洞(dong)宗(zong)、云門宗(zong)、法眼宗(zong)；臨濟宗(zong)后來(lai)又形成黃龍、楊岐兩(liang)派，稱為(wei)“五家七宗(zong)”。禪(chan)宗(zong)五宗(zong)當中，保(bao)存下來(lai)的只有臨濟宗(zong)和(he)曹洞(dong)宗(zong)兩(liang)派，其他三派法眼云門宗(zong)和(he)溈(gui)仰宗(zong)從(cong)宋朝之后就(jiu)已經(jing)失傳(chuan)。

在禪(chan)門五宗中(zhong)，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟宗從宋以后基(ji)本上(shang)成為(wei)禪(chan)宗主(zhu)流，臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟宗流傳時間長，影響大，從曹溪的六(liu)祖惠能，歷南(nan)岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗，一直到臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟的義玄，于臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟禪(chan)院舉(ju)揚(yang)一家(jia)，后世(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟宗。義玄是(shi)(shi)惠能的六(liu)世(shi)法孫。又臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟六(liu)世(shi)孫為(wei)石(shi)霜之圓禪(chan)師(shi)。圓禪(chan)師(shi)以后分楊岐派(pai)(pai)、黃龍派(pai)(pai)。已故深圳(zhen)弘法寺佛門泰斗本煥長老是(shi)(shi)臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟宗臨(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)濟法派(pai)(pai)第四(si)十四(si)代(dai)傳人，本煥長老舍利供奉于:深圳(zhen)弘法寺、敦煌雷音(yin)寺、福泉寺等。

曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)最(zui)初(chu)創立并不在云(yun)(yun)居山(shan)，而是(shi)在宜(yi)(yi)春宜(yi)(yi)豐縣的洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)和撫州宜(yi)(yi)黃縣的曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)分別創立。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)派要一(yi)直(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)下(xia)來并不容易，曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)在曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)一(yi)脈僅傳(chuan)(chuan)了4代(dai)就失傳(chuan)(chuan)了，最(zui)終(zhong)還是(shi)洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)一(yi)脈在云(yun)(yun)居山(shan)真如寺弘法(fa)，將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)至今。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)與凈土(tu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)合流。臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)風一(yi)剛一(yi)柔，臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為國(guo)內(nei)主流。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)漸(jian)臨(lin)消泯后(hou)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)一(yi)支，由(you)于疏山(shan)匡仁、云(yun)(yun)居道(dao)膺門下(xia)弟子(zi)眾多，可(ke)以(yi)衍延(yan)下(xia)去，直(zhi)至今天。另(ling)外新(xin)羅(luo)(今朝鮮)僧人(ren)利嚴(yan)(870—936年(nian)(nian))曾嗣法(fa)于道(dao)膺，歸國(guo)后(hou)在須(xu)彌山(shan)建(jian)廣照(zhao)增，創須(xu)彌山(shan)派。公元13世紀(ji)初(chu)，日本(ben)(ben)僧人(ren)道(dao)元又將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)日本(ben)(ben)，開立日本(ben)(ben)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。到20世紀(ji)80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)，日本(ben)(ben)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)信徒已(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)到1000多萬(wan)人(ren)。

日本傳(chuan)統佛(fo)教的(de)“十三宗(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)為：臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)（源自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)本屬(shu)于(yu)臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)）、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)（源自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)）、凈土(tu)宗(zong)(zong)（源自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)）、真言(yan)宗(zong)(zong)（又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“東(dong)密(mi)”相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)為唐朝密(mi)宗(zong)(zong)青龍寺惠(hui)果大師真傳(chuan)）、天(tian)臺宗(zong)(zong)（與“東(dong)密(mi)”相(xiang)(xiang)對，又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“臺密(mi)”，源于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)天(tian)臺宗(zong)(zong)）、律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、凈土(tu)真宗(zong)(zong)、日蓮宗(zong)(zong)、融通念佛(fo)宗(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)。