背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祖師為印度高僧達(da)摩(mo)尊者(zhe)，傳慧(hui)可、僧璨、道(dao)信。至(zhi)五祖弘忍(ren)后又(you)(you)分(fen)為南(nan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六祖），北(bei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)神(shen)秀。之(zhi)(zhi)后隨著大(da)范圍(wei)傳播(bo)發展，又(you)(you)分(fen)成溈(gui)仰(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、云(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)后來又(you)(you)形(xing)成黃龍、楊岐兩(liang)(liang)派(pai)，稱為“五家(jia)七(qi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)五宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)當中，保存下來的只有臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)和曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)兩(liang)(liang)派(pai)，其他三派(pai)法眼云(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)和溈(gui)仰(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)從宋朝之(zhi)(zhi)后就已經(jing)失傳。

在(zai)禪(chan)門五宗(zong)(zong)中(zhong)，臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)從宋以后基本(ben)(ben)上成為(wei)禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)主流，臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)流傳時間長，影響大(da)，從曹溪的六(liu)(liu)祖(zu)惠能，歷南岳(yue)、馬祖(zu)、百丈(zhang)、黃檗，一直到臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)的義(yi)玄，于臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院舉揚一家，后世稱(cheng)為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)。義(yi)玄是(shi)惠能的六(liu)(liu)世法孫。又臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)世孫為(wei)石霜之圓(yuan)禪(chan)師(shi)。圓(yuan)禪(chan)師(shi)以后分楊岐派(pai)、黃龍派(pai)。已故深(shen)圳(zhen)弘(hong)法寺(si)佛門泰斗本(ben)(ben)煥長老是(shi)臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)法派(pai)第四十四代傳人(ren)，本(ben)(ben)煥長老舍利供奉于:深(shen)圳(zhen)弘(hong)法寺(si)、敦煌雷音寺(si)、福泉寺(si)等。

曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)最(zui)初創立并不在(zai)(zai)云居山(shan)，而是(shi)在(zai)(zai)宜春宜豐(feng)縣的(de)洞(dong)山(shan)和撫州宜黃縣的(de)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)分別創立。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)派要一(yi)直傳(chuan)承下(xia)(xia)來并不容易，曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)在(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)一(yi)脈僅傳(chuan)了(le)4代就失傳(chuan)了(le)，最(zui)終還是(shi)洞(dong)山(shan)一(yi)脈在(zai)(zai)云居山(shan)真如寺弘法，將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)承至今。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)與(yu)凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)流。臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)風一(yi)剛一(yi)柔，臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)為國(guo)內主流。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)漸臨消(xiao)泯后曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)一(yi)支，由于疏山(shan)匡仁、云居道膺(ying)(ying)門下(xia)(xia)弟子眾多，可以衍(yan)延(yan)下(xia)(xia)去，直至今天(tian)。另外新羅(今朝鮮)僧人利嚴(870—936年)曾嗣法于道膺(ying)(ying)，歸(gui)國(guo)后在(zai)(zai)須彌山(shan)建廣照增，創須彌山(shan)派。公元13世(shi)紀(ji)初，日本僧人道元又將曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)入(ru)日本，開立日本曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。到(dao)20世(shi)紀(ji)80年代，日本曹(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)信(xin)徒已發展到(dao)1000多萬人。

日本(ben)傳(chuan)統佛(fo)教的(de)“十(shi)三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)為：臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)本(ben)屬于臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、真言(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（又稱“東密(mi)(mi)”相傳(chuan)為唐朝密(mi)(mi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍寺惠果(guo)大師真傳(chuan)）、天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與“東密(mi)(mi)”相對，又稱“臺密(mi)(mi)”，源(yuan)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相似）、華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相似）、法相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)法相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相似）、凈土真宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、日蓮宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念佛(fo)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、時(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。