背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖師為印度(du)高(gao)僧達(da)摩尊者，傳(chuan)慧可、僧璨、道(dao)信。至五(wu)祖弘忍(ren)后(hou)又(you)分為南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六祖），北宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神(shen)秀。之后(hou)隨著大(da)范圍傳(chuan)播發展，又(you)分成溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后(hou)來(lai)又(you)形成黃龍、楊岐兩(liang)派，稱為“五(wu)家(jia)七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中(zhong)，保存下來(lai)的只有臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩(liang)派，其他三派法眼云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從(cong)宋朝之后(hou)就已經失傳(chuan)。

在禪(chan)(chan)門五宗(zong)中，臨(lin)(lin)濟宗(zong)從(cong)宋以后基本(ben)上成為禪(chan)(chan)宗(zong)主流，臨(lin)(lin)濟宗(zong)流傳時間長，影(ying)響大(da)，從(cong)曹溪的(de)六祖惠(hui)能，歷南岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗，一直(zhi)到臨(lin)(lin)濟的(de)義(yi)玄，于臨(lin)(lin)濟禪(chan)(chan)院舉揚(yang)一家，后世(shi)稱為臨(lin)(lin)濟宗(zong)。義(yi)玄是(shi)惠(hui)能的(de)六世(shi)法孫。又臨(lin)(lin)濟六世(shi)孫為石霜之圓(yuan)禪(chan)(chan)師。圓(yuan)禪(chan)(chan)師以后分(fen)楊岐派、黃龍(long)派。已故深(shen)圳弘法寺佛門泰(tai)斗(dou)本(ben)煥長老(lao)是(shi)臨(lin)(lin)濟宗(zong)臨(lin)(lin)濟法派第四十四代傳人，本(ben)煥長老(lao)舍利供奉(feng)于:深(shen)圳弘法寺、敦(dun)煌雷音寺、福泉寺等。

曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)最初(chu)創立并不在(zai)(zai)云居山(shan)(shan)(shan)，而是在(zai)(zai)宜(yi)春宜(yi)豐(feng)縣(xian)的洞(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)和撫州宜(yi)黃縣(xian)的曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分(fen)別創立。宗(zong)(zong)派(pai)要一(yi)直傳承下來并不容易(yi)，曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)在(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈僅傳了4代就(jiu)失傳了，最終還是洞(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈在(zai)(zai)云居山(shan)(shan)(shan)真如(ru)寺弘(hong)法，將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳承至(zhi)今。禪宗(zong)(zong)與凈土宗(zong)(zong)合(he)流。臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)風一(yi)剛一(yi)柔，臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)為國內主流。曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)漸(jian)臨(lin)消泯后曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)一(yi)支，由于疏山(shan)(shan)(shan)匡仁、云居道(dao)膺(ying)門下弟子眾多，可以衍(yan)延下去，直至(zhi)今天(tian)。另外(wai)新羅(今朝鮮)僧人(ren)利(li)嚴(870—936年)曾嗣法于道(dao)膺(ying)，歸國后在(zai)(zai)須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)廣照(zhao)增，創須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)派(pai)。公元13世(shi)紀初(chu)，日(ri)本僧人(ren)道(dao)元又(you)將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳入日(ri)本，開立日(ri)本曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)。到(dao)20世(shi)紀80年代，日(ri)本曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)信徒已發展到(dao)1000多萬(wan)人(ren)。

日(ri)本(ben)傳(chuan)統(tong)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)“十(shi)三(san)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”這(zhe)13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為：臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)本(ben)屬于臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)）、凈(jing)土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)）、真言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（又(you)稱“東密(mi)”相(xiang)傳(chuan)為唐(tang)朝密(mi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍寺惠果(guo)大師真傳(chuan)）、天(tian)臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)“東密(mi)”相(xiang)對，又(you)稱“臺(tai)密(mi)”，源(yuan)(yuan)于中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)天(tian)臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、法(fa)(fa)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)法(fa)(fa)相(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)似(si)）、凈(jing)土真宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、日(ri)蓮宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通(tong)念(nian)佛(fo)(fo)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、時(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。