背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)祖師(shi)為(wei)印度高僧(seng)(seng)達(da)摩(mo)尊者，傳慧可(ke)、僧(seng)(seng)璨、道信(xin)。至五祖弘忍后(hou)又(you)分為(wei)南宗(zong)(zong)惠能（六祖），北(bei)宗(zong)(zong)神秀。之后(hou)隨著大(da)范圍傳播(bo)發(fa)展，又(you)分成溈仰宗(zong)(zong)、臨濟宗(zong)(zong)、曹(cao)洞宗(zong)(zong)、云門宗(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)；臨濟宗(zong)(zong)后(hou)來又(you)形成黃龍、楊岐兩派，稱為(wei)“五家七宗(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)五宗(zong)(zong)當中，保存下來的(de)只有臨濟宗(zong)(zong)和曹(cao)洞宗(zong)(zong)兩派，其他(ta)三派法眼云門宗(zong)(zong)和溈仰宗(zong)(zong)從宋朝(chao)之后(hou)就已經失傳。

在禪(chan)(chan)門(men)五宗中，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗從(cong)宋(song)以后基本(ben)上成為(wei)禪(chan)(chan)宗主流，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗流傳時(shi)間長(chang)(chang)，影響大，從(cong)曹溪的(de)六(liu)祖惠能(neng)，歷南岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗(bo)，一(yi)直到臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)義玄，于(yu)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)(chan)院舉揚一(yi)家，后世(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗。義玄是惠能(neng)的(de)六(liu)世(shi)法(fa)孫(sun)。又臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)世(shi)孫(sun)為(wei)石霜之圓禪(chan)(chan)師。圓禪(chan)(chan)師以后分楊岐派(pai)、黃龍(long)派(pai)。已(yi)故深(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen)弘(hong)法(fa)寺(si)佛門(men)泰(tai)斗本(ben)煥長(chang)(chang)老是臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)派(pai)第四十四代(dai)傳人，本(ben)煥長(chang)(chang)老舍(she)利供(gong)奉(feng)于(yu):深(shen)圳(zhen)(zhen)弘(hong)法(fa)寺(si)、敦煌雷音寺(si)、福泉寺(si)等。

曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)最初創立并不(bu)(bu)在(zai)云(yun)居山(shan)，而(er)是在(zai)宜春宜豐縣的(de)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)和撫州宜黃縣的(de)曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)分別創立。宗(zong)(zong)派要一(yi)(yi)直傳承(cheng)下來并不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易，曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)在(zai)曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)脈(mo)(mo)僅傳了4代就失傳了，最終還是洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)脈(mo)(mo)在(zai)云(yun)居山(shan)真如(ru)寺弘法，將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳承(cheng)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)。禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)與凈土宗(zong)(zong)合流。臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)風一(yi)(yi)剛(gang)一(yi)(yi)柔(rou)，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)為(wei)國內主(zhu)流。曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)漸臨(lin)消泯(min)后(hou)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)支，由(you)于(yu)疏山(shan)匡仁、云(yun)居道(dao)膺門下弟子(zi)眾多(duo)，可(ke)以(yi)衍延下去，直至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)天。另外(wai)新羅(luo)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)朝鮮)僧人(ren)利嚴(870—936年)曾(ceng)嗣法于(yu)道(dao)膺，歸國后(hou)在(zai)須彌山(shan)建廣照增，創須彌山(shan)派。公(gong)元13世紀(ji)初，日(ri)本僧人(ren)道(dao)元又將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳入(ru)日(ri)本，開(kai)立日(ri)本曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)。到(dao)20世紀(ji)80年代，日(ri)本曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)信(xin)徒(tu)已發展到(dao)1000多(duo)萬人(ren)。

日(ri)本傳統(tong)佛(fo)教的(de)“十三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”這(zhe)13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)：臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源自中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)本屬于臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源自中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源自中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、真(zhen)言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（又(you)(you)稱“東密(mi)”相(xiang)(xiang)傳為(wei)唐朝密(mi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍寺(si)惠果大師真(zhen)傳）、天臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)“東密(mi)”相(xiang)(xiang)對，又(you)(you)稱“臺(tai)密(mi)”，源于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)天臺(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、華(hua)嚴(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)華(hua)嚴(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、法(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)法(fa)相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、凈土真(zhen)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、日(ri)蓮宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念佛(fo)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。