背景介紹：

禪(chan)(chan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖師為印度高僧達摩尊(zun)者，傳慧可、僧璨、道(dao)信。至五(wu)祖弘(hong)忍(ren)后又分(fen)為南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六(liu)祖），北(bei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神秀(xiu)。之(zhi)后隨著大(da)范圍傳播發展，又分(fen)成溈(gui)仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹(cao)洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法(fa)眼(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后來(lai)又形成黃龍、楊岐兩派(pai)，稱為“五(wu)家七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪(chan)(chan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中(zhong)，保存下來(lai)的只(zhi)有臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和(he)曹(cao)洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩派(pai)，其他三派(pai)法(fa)眼(yan)云門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和(he)溈(gui)仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從宋(song)朝之(zhi)后就已經失(shi)傳。

在禪門(men)五宗(zong)(zong)中(zhong)，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)從宋以后(hou)基本(ben)(ben)上成為禪宗(zong)(zong)主流，臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)流傳時間長，影響大，從曹溪的(de)六(liu)(liu)祖惠能(neng)，歷南岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗，一(yi)直到臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)的(de)義(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)，于臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)禪院舉(ju)揚一(yi)家(jia)，后(hou)世(shi)稱為臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)。義(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)是(shi)惠能(neng)的(de)六(liu)(liu)世(shi)法(fa)(fa)孫。又臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)世(shi)孫為石霜之圓禪師(shi)。圓禪師(shi)以后(hou)分楊岐派、黃龍派。已故(gu)深圳弘法(fa)(fa)寺佛(fo)門(men)泰斗本(ben)(ben)煥長老(lao)是(shi)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)臨(lin)濟(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)派第四(si)十四(si)代傳人，本(ben)(ben)煥長老(lao)舍(she)利(li)供奉(feng)于:深圳弘法(fa)(fa)寺、敦(dun)煌雷(lei)音(yin)寺、福泉寺等。

曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)最初創(chuang)(chuang)立并(bing)不(bu)在云(yun)居(ju)山(shan)(shan)，而是在宜(yi)春(chun)宜(yi)豐(feng)縣的洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)和(he)撫州宜(yi)黃縣的曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)分別創(chuang)(chuang)立。宗(zong)(zong)派要一(yi)直(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)下(xia)來并(bing)不(bu)容易，曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)在曹(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈(mo)(mo)僅(jin)傳(chuan)(chuan)了4代就失傳(chuan)(chuan)了，最終還(huan)是洞(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)脈(mo)(mo)在云(yun)居(ju)山(shan)(shan)真如寺弘法，將曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)至(zhi)今。禪(chan)宗(zong)(zong)與凈土宗(zong)(zong)合流。臨濟宗(zong)(zong)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)風(feng)一(yi)剛一(yi)柔(rou)，臨濟宗(zong)(zong)為國內主流。曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)漸臨消泯后曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)一(yi)支，由于疏山(shan)(shan)匡(kuang)仁、云(yun)居(ju)道(dao)膺(ying)門下(xia)弟子(zi)眾多，可以衍延(yan)下(xia)去(qu)，直(zhi)至(zhi)今天。另(ling)外新羅(今朝鮮(xian))僧人利嚴(870—936年)曾嗣法于道(dao)膺(ying)，歸國后在須彌(mi)山(shan)(shan)建廣(guang)照增，創(chuang)(chuang)須彌(mi)山(shan)(shan)派。公元13世紀初，日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)僧人道(dao)元又將曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)(chuan)入日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)，開立日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)。到20世紀80年代，日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)曹(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)宗(zong)(zong)信徒已發展(zhan)到1000多萬人。

日本傳統(tong)佛教的(de)(de)(de)“十(shi)三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)：臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)本屬(shu)于臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)）、凈(jing)土(tu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)）、真言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（又稱(cheng)“東密”相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傳為(wei)唐朝密宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)青(qing)龍(long)寺惠果大師真傳）、天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)“東密”相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對，又稱(cheng)“臺密”，源(yuan)于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、華嚴(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)華嚴(yan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、法相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)法相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、凈(jing)土(tu)真宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、日蓮宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念(nian)佛宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。