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基本介紹

西(xi)(xi)天取經(jing)是(shi)指《西(xi)(xi)游(you)記(ji)》中的傳(chuan)(chuan)奇歷險故(gu)事，西(xi)(xi)天取經(jing)描寫的是(shi)孫悟(wu)空、豬八戒(jie)、沙和尚(shang)、小白龍保護唐僧西(xi)(xi)天取經(jing)，歷經(jing)九九八十(shi)一(yi)難(nan)的傳(chuan)(chuan)奇歷險故(gu)事。

《西(xi)(xi)游記》描寫的(de)是作者(zhe)想(xiang)象中的(de)故(gu)事(shi)，但歷(li)史上確實也有其事(shi)。當代陰陽(yang)易辨派(pai)創(chuang)始人髙煜翔評價《西(xi)(xi)游記》：“西(xi)(xi)游盡磨難(nan)，終見意志堅，愿做菩提樹，普渡化眾生。”

背景介紹

來由

《西游記(ji)》是(shi)中國古典四大名著之一，由明代小說家吳承恩編(bian)撰(zhuan)而成(cheng)。

此書描寫的是(shi)孫悟空、豬八戒、沙和(he)尚保護(hu)唐僧西天(tian)取(qu)經，歷經九九八十一難的傳奇歷險故事。

歷史背景

西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)天是(shi)(shi)指印(yin)度,因(yin)為古代交通不發達,人(ren)們(men)以為印(yin)度已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)天的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)邊了(le)(le)(le)(le)。唐(tang)僧(seng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)上一(yi)(yi)件真實的(de)(de)(de)事。大(da)約距今一(yi)(yi)千(qian)三百(bai)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前，即唐(tang)太(tai)宗貞觀(guan)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)（629年(nian)(nian)(nian)），年(nian)(nian)(nian)僅29歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)青年(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)尚(shang)(shang)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)領(ling)一(yi)(yi)個弟子(zi)(zi)離開(kai)京城長(chang)安，到(dao)(dao)(dao)天竺(zhu)（印(yin)度）游學(xue)。他(ta)從(cong)長(chang)安出發后，途(tu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞、阿(a)(a)富汗、巴(ba)(ba)基(ji)斯坦。過高昌國(guo)(guo)(guo)時，那(nei)(nei)里的(de)(de)(de)居民非(fei)常(chang)推崇佛(fo)教(jiao)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)王見他(ta)們(men)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)大(da)唐(tang)來的(de)(de)(de)和(he)尚(shang)(shang)，非(fei)常(chang)高興，愿封(feng)他(ta)們(men)為護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)法(fa)師，加上黃金百(bai)兩(liang)(liang)、駿(jun)馬千(qian)匹。弟子(zi)(zi)動搖了(le)(le)(le)(le)，最(zui)后留在(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)高昌國(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)偷(tou)溜了(le)(le)(le)(le)出來向西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)逃去。不料(liao)被(bei)高昌國(guo)(guo)(guo)士(shi)兵截住。沒想到(dao)(dao)(dao)他(ta)們(men)是(shi)(shi)前來護(hu)送玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)去取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)。士(shi)兵送給(gei)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)匹白馬和(he)一(yi)(yi)些文書(shu)(shu)，玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)感激不已。他(ta)向王宮方向拜(bai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾拜(bai)，就(jiu)(jiu)騎馬西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)去了(le)(le)(le)(le)。玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)歷(li)(li)盡艱難險阻，最(zui)后到(dao)(dao)(dao)達了(le)(le)(le)(le)印(yin)度。他(ta)在(zai)(zai)那(nei)(nei)里學(xue)習了(le)(le)(le)(le)兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)多(duo)，并在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)次大(da)型佛(fo)教(jiao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)學(xue)辯論會(hui)任(ren)主(zhu)講，受到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)贊譽，并從(cong)天竺(zhu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)諸多(duo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書(shu)(shu)，為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)教(jiao)發展做出貢獻。貞觀(guan)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)（646年(nian)(nian)(nian)），47歲(sui)的(de)(de)(de)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)回(hui)(hui)(hui)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)安，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書(shu)(shu)657部(bu)(bu)(bu)。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)老百(bai)姓印(yin)象中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，《西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)游記(ji)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)僧(seng)（玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)）似乎是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)天取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)學(xue)者指出，其實東(dong)北和(he)尚(shang)(shang)曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)一(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)25人(ren)，早在(zai)(zai)公元420年(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)從(cong)幽州龍(long)城（現遼寧省(sheng)朝陽(yang)市(shi)）出發西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。這比唐(tang)僧(seng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)天取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)足足要(yao)早209年(nian)(nian)(nian)。朝陽(yang)北塔博(bo)物館資深研究人(ren)員董(dong)高告訴記(ji)者，根據(ju)史(shi)料(liao)記(ji)載，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)又(you)稱法(fa)勇，俗姓李(li)，幽州龍(long)城人(ren)。他(ta)10多(duo)歲(sui)時就(jiu)(jiu)出家修(xiu)(xiu)行(xing)(xing)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)慨嘆佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)殘缺不全，又(you)聽說(shuo)高僧(seng)法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)等(deng)人(ren)曾去西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)天佛(fo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，遂發誓效(xiao)仿。北燕太(tai)平12年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元420年(nian)(nian)(nian)），曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)招集(ji)志(zhi)同道合的(de)(de)(de)僧(seng)猛、曇朗法(fa)師等(deng)25名和(he)尚(shang)(shang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。他(ta)們(men)途(tu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)今天的(de)(de)(de)青海(hai)、甘肅、新疆等(deng)地(di)，翻(fan)越雪山大(da)漠(mo)、絕壁深淵，最(zui)終(zhong)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達如今的(de)(de)(de)阿(a)(a)富汗、巴(ba)(ba)基(ji)斯坦和(he)印(yin)度等(deng)多(duo)個佛(fo)寺修(xiu)(xiu)行(xing)(xing)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)25名東(dong)北和(he)尚(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)12人(ren)墜崖而(er)(er)亡，有(you)(you)(you)(you)8人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)途(tu)餓死，最(zui)終(zhong)只(zhi)剩下曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)等(deng)5人(ren)返回(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)并翻(fan)譯了(le)(le)(le)(le)《觀(guan)世(shi)(shi)音受記(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。董(dong)高認為，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)等(deng)25名和(he)尚(shang)(shang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)(xing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，從(cong)時間上比較，要(yao)晚于“天竺(zhu)留學(xue)第(di)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)”東(dong)晉(jin)和(he)尚(shang)(shang)法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)21年(nian)(nian)(nian)，但比唐(tang)僧(seng)（玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)）要(yao)早兩(liang)(liang)個多(duo)世(shi)(shi)紀。從(cong)佛(fo)教(jiao)地(di)位來說(shuo)，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)只(zhi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)1部(bu)(bu)(bu)佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)并翻(fan)譯的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、論有(you)(you)(you)(you)75部(bu)(bu)(bu)1335卷，法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)(hui)并翻(fan)譯的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)6部(bu)(bu)(bu)24卷。曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)功(gong)績(ji)遠不及法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)和(he)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)。據(ju)記(ji)者查閱，1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban)《辭海(hai)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，法(fa)顯(xian)(xian)和(he)玄(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)詞條(tiao)介(jie)紹，而(er)(er)曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)則沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)。