芒果视频下载

基本介紹

西(xi)天(tian)取(qu)經是指《西(xi)游記》中的傳奇(qi)歷(li)險故事，西(xi)天(tian)取(qu)經描(miao)寫的是孫(sun)悟空、豬八(ba)(ba)戒、沙和尚(shang)、小白(bai)龍保護唐僧西(xi)天(tian)取(qu)經，歷(li)經九九八(ba)(ba)十一(yi)難的傳奇(qi)歷(li)險故事。

《西(xi)游記》描寫的(de)是作者想象中(zhong)的(de)故事(shi)，但歷史上確(que)實也有其事(shi)。當(dang)代陰(yin)陽易(yi)辨(bian)派創始人髙煜(yu)翔評價《西(xi)游記》：“西(xi)游盡磨(mo)難，終見意志堅(jian)，愿做菩提樹，普渡(du)化眾(zhong)生。”

背景介紹

來由

《西游記》是中(zhong)國古典(dian)四大名著之(zhi)一，由明代小(xiao)說(shuo)家吳承恩編(bian)撰(zhuan)而(er)成。

此(ci)書描寫的是孫悟空、豬八戒(jie)、沙和尚保護唐僧西天取經，歷經九九八十(shi)一難的傳(chuan)奇歷險(xian)故事。

歷史背景

西(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指印度,因為(wei)(wei)古代(dai)交通不(bu)發(fa)達,人(ren)(ren)(ren)們以為(wei)(wei)印度已(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)邊了(le)(le)。唐僧(seng)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)歷史上一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)真實的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。大(da)約距(ju)今(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千三百多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前，即唐太(tai)宗貞觀(guan)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（629年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅29歲(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和尚(shang)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶(dai)(dai)領一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)弟(di)子離(li)開京(jing)城(cheng)長安(an)(an)，到(dao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)（印度）游(you)學。他(ta)從長安(an)(an)出(chu)發(fa)后，途(tu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞、阿富汗、巴基(ji)斯坦。過(guo)高昌(chang)國(guo)(guo)時，那里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)居民非常(chang)推崇(chong)佛(fo)(fo)教，國(guo)(guo)王見他(ta)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)從大(da)唐來的(de)(de)(de)(de)和尚(shang)，非常(chang)高興(xing)，愿(yuan)封他(ta)們為(wei)(wei)護(hu)國(guo)(guo)法師，加(jia)上黃金百兩、駿馬千匹(pi)。弟(di)子動搖了(le)(le)，最(zui)(zui)后留(liu)在(zai)了(le)(le)高昌(chang)國(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)偷溜了(le)(le)出(chu)來向西(xi)逃去。不(bu)料被高昌(chang)國(guo)(guo)士兵截住。沒(mei)想到(dao)他(ta)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)前來護(hu)送玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)西(xi)去取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。士兵送給玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匹(pi)白馬和一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些文書(shu)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)感激(ji)不(bu)已(yi)。他(ta)向王宮方向拜了(le)(le)幾拜，就騎馬西(xi)去了(le)(le)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)歷盡艱難險阻，最(zui)(zui)后到(dao)達了(le)(le)印度。他(ta)在(zai)那里(li)學習了(le)(le)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多(duo)(duo)，并(bing)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)大(da)型(xing)佛(fo)(fo)教經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)學辯(bian)論會任主(zhu)講，受到(dao)了(le)(le)贊(zan)譽，并(bing)從天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)諸多(duo)(duo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書(shu)，為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教發(fa)展(zhan)做出(chu)貢獻。貞觀(guan)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（646年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），47歲(sui)(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)回(hui)(hui)到(dao)了(le)(le)長安(an)(an)，帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)書(shu)657部(bu)(bu)(bu)。而(er)(er)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)老百姓印象中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，《西(xi)游(you)記(ji)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)唐僧(seng)（玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)）似乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。有(you)(you)學者(zhe)(zhe)指出(chu)，其實東北(bei)和尚(shang)曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行25人(ren)(ren)(ren)，早在(zai)公(gong)元(yuan)420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就從幽州(zhou)龍城(cheng)（現遼寧省朝(chao)陽(yang)(yang)市）出(chu)發(fa)西(xi)行取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。這比唐僧(seng)西(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)足(zu)足(zu)要早209年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。朝(chao)陽(yang)(yang)北(bei)塔博(bo)物館資深研究人(ren)(ren)(ren)員董高告訴記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，根(gen)據史料記(ji)載(zai)，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)又稱法勇，俗姓李，幽州(zhou)龍城(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。他(ta)10多(duo)(duo)歲(sui)(sui)時就出(chu)家修行，經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)慨嘆佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)殘(can)缺(que)不(bu)全，又聽說(shuo)高僧(seng)法顯(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曾去西(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)佛(fo)(fo)國(guo)(guo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，遂發(fa)誓效仿。北(bei)燕太(tai)平12年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)420年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)招(zhao)集(ji)志同道合的(de)(de)(de)(de)僧(seng)猛、曇朗法師等(deng)(deng)(deng)25名和尚(shang)西(xi)行取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。他(ta)們途(tu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)今(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)海(hai)、甘肅、新疆等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)越(yue)雪山大(da)漠、絕壁深淵(yuan)，最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)到(dao)達如今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿富汗、巴基(ji)斯坦和印度等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si)修行。西(xi)行取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)25名東北(bei)和尚(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)12人(ren)(ren)(ren)墜崖而(er)(er)亡(wang)，有(you)(you)8人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)途(tu)餓死，最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)只(zhi)剩(sheng)下曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)5人(ren)(ren)(ren)返回(hui)(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)并(bing)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)譯(yi)了(le)(le)《觀(guan)世(shi)音受記(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。董高認為(wei)(wei)，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)25名和尚(shang)西(xi)行取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，從時間上比較，要晚于“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)留(liu)學第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”東晉和尚(shang)法顯(xian)(xian)21年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，但比唐僧(seng)（玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)）要早兩個(ge)多(duo)(duo)世(shi)紀。從佛(fo)(fo)教地(di)位來說(shuo)，曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)只(zhi)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)1部(bu)(bu)(bu)佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)并(bing)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、論有(you)(you)75部(bu)(bu)(bu)1335卷，法顯(xian)(xian)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)(hui)并(bing)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)譯(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)6部(bu)(bu)(bu)24卷。曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史功績遠不(bu)及法顯(xian)(xian)和玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。據記(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)查閱(yue)，1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版《辭(ci)海(hai)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，法顯(xian)(xian)和玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)奘(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)都有(you)(you)詞條介紹，而(er)(er)曇無(wu)(wu)竭(jie)(jie)(jie)則沒(mei)有(you)(you)。