芒果视频下载

流傳過程

出土

大(da)盂鼎，清道光年間（公(gong)元1849年）出(chu)(chu)土于陜西郿縣禮村（今寶雞眉縣常興(xing)鎮(zhen)楊家村一(yi)組，即李(li)家村），出(chu)(chu)土后便被販賣至文物(wu)市場。它是(shi)(shi)西周早期青銅禮器(qi)中的(de)重器(qi)，因作器(qi)者是(shi)(shi)康王時(shi)大(da)臣名盂者而得(de)名，與(yu)之同(tong)出(chu)(chu)的(de)小盂鼎已佚(yi)。

轉輾買賣

清朝道光時期(qi)的(de)岐山首富(fu)宋金(jin)鑒把銅鼎買下，因為器形巨大，十(shi)分引人(ren)矚目，鼎很(hen)快(kuai)被(bei)岐山縣令周庚盛(sheng)占有，他(ta)把鼎轉賣到北京的(de)古董(dong)商人(ren)。宋金(jin)鑒在考中翰林后(hou)出價3000兩白銀又購(gou)得(de)了(le)寶鼎，在他(ta)去世后(hou)，后(hou)代以700兩白銀賣給陜(shan)甘總督左宗(zong)棠的(de)幕僚(liao)(liao)袁保恒(heng)，袁深知左宗(zong)棠酷愛(ai)文玩(wan)，得(de)寶鼎后(hou)不敢專美，旋即將大盂鼎獻給上司以表(biao)孝心。左宗(zong)棠在發跡(ji)前曾為湖南巡(xun)撫駱秉(bing)章的(de)幕僚(liao)(liao)，理湘(xiang)省全(quan)部(bu)軍務。雖非顯貴(gui)，也頗得(de)春(chun)風。加(jia)之自視極高(gao)，恃才傲物，不免為人(ren)所陰嫉。

潘家得寶

咸(xian)豐九年(nian)（公(gong)元1859年(nian)），左宗(zong)(zong)棠被永州總兵樊(fan)燮讒言(yan)所(suo)傷(shang)，遭朝廷議(yi)罪。幸得(de)時(shi)任侍讀學士的潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)祖蔭(yin)援(yuan)手，上(shang)奏咸(xian)豐皇(huang)帝力保宗(zong)(zong)棠，且多方(fang)(fang)(fang)打點，上(shang)下(xia)疏通，左才獲(huo)脫免。潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)乃當(dang)時(shi)著名的金石收藏大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，左宗(zong)(zong)棠得(de)大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)后(hou)遂以相贈，以謝當(dang)年(nian)搭救之(zhi)恩。此(ci)后(hou)，大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)一直為(wei)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)氏所(suo)珍(zhen)藏。雖然(ran)也時(shi)而有人(ren)覬覦此(ci)鼎(ding)，但畢(bi)竟潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)氏位高(gao)權重，足(zu)可保全(quan)大(da)(da)鼎(ding)無虞(yu)。至(zhi)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)祖蔭(yin)故，其(qi)(qi)弟潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)祖年(nian)將大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)連同其(qi)(qi)它珍(zhen)玩一起，由水(shui)路(lu)從北京運回蘇州老家(jia)(jia)(jia)。大(da)(da)鼎(ding)作(zuo)為(wei)先(xian)人(ren)故物，睹物思人(ren)，彌顯珍(zhen)貴，堪(kan)為(wei)傳(chuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)寶，不輕示人(ren)。光(guang)緒之(zhi)末，金石大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)端方(fang)(fang)(fang)任兩江總督。曾一度挖空心思，想據大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)為(wei)己有。均為(wei)祖年(nian)所(suo)拒(ju)。但端方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)欲始終為(wei)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)所(suo)患。直至(zhi)辛(xin)亥年(nian)，革命暴發，端方(fang)(fang)(fang)被殺。潘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)和大(da)(da)鼎(ding)才真正逃過端方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)難。

民國(guo)(guo)(guo)初年(nian)，曾(ceng)有(you)美籍人士專程(cheng)來華找潘(pan)氏商談(tan)求讓大鼎，出價達數百兩黃金之巨。但終為(wei)潘(pan)家(jia)所回絕(jue)。三十(shi)年(nian)代中葉，國(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨當局在(zai)(zai)蘇州(zhou)新建一幢大樓。黨國(guo)(guo)(guo)大員忽(hu)發奇想，要在(zai)(zai)大樓落成后以紀念為(wei)名辦一展覽會，邀潘(pan)家(jia)以大鼎參展。以圖(tu)無限(xian)期占有(you)大鼎。然此拙(zhuo)劣伎倆為(wei)潘(pan)氏識破，婉言拒絕(jue)了(le)參展。

復埋地下

1937年日(ri)軍侵(qin)華時，蘇州很快淪陷。國(guo)將(jiang)不(bu)國(guo)，人(ren)(ren)命難保。此(ci)時，潘(pan)(pan)(pan)祖年已作(zuo)古(gu)。潘(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)無當(dang)戶之人(ren)(ren)，皆婦(fu)孺。英(ying)雄(xiong)出少年，當(dang)此(ci)危難之時，潘(pan)(pan)(pan)祖蔭的(de)(de)(de)侄孫(sun)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)承(cheng)厚、潘(pan)(pan)(pan)景鄭(zheng)等商定(ding)將(jiang)大鼎及全部(bu)珍(zhen)玩入(ru)土保全。經反(fan)復遴選，決定(ding)將(jiang)寶物藏于(yu)二(er)進院(yuan)落的(de)(de)(de)堂屋。這是一(yi)間(jian)久無人(ren)(ren)居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)閑房，積塵很厚，不(bu)會(hui)引(yin)人(ren)(ren)注目。主意已定(ding)，潘(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)苦干(gan)兩天兩夜才將(jiang)全部(bu)寶物入(ru)藏地下。又將(jiang)室內(nei)恢復成(cheng)原(yuan)樣。整(zheng)個過(guo)程除(chu)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)以外另(ling)有兩個傭工和(he)一(yi)個看門(men)人(ren)(ren)參(can)與其中(zhong)，均被反(fan)復叮囑(zhu)要嚴守秘密。此(ci)后不(bu)久，潘(pan)(pan)(pan)氏(shi)全家(jia)即往(wang)上海避亂。潘(pan)(pan)(pan)宅(zhai)一(yi)時竟成(cheng)了日(ri)軍搜(sou)查的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。經過(guo)反(fan)復的(de)(de)(de)搜(sou)查并挖地三尺(chi)均無所見(jian)，日(ri)軍也(ye)只(zhi)得作(zuo)罷。日(ri)軍占領期間(jian)，潘(pan)(pan)(pan)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)看門(men)人(ren)(ren)曾幾次盜掘了若(ruo)干(gan)小件的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)藏，賣給洪姓(xing)古(gu)董商人(ren)(ren)。但大鼎過(guo)于(yu)沉重，無法搬動，得以幸免。

贈寶于國

光陰(yin)荏苒，在(zai)(zai)歷經十(shi)余(yu)年(nian)戰亂之后(hou)，中國解放了。潘家(jia)后(hou)人(ren)見人(ren)民政府(fu)極(ji)為重視對(dui)文物的(de)保護，認為只(zhi)有這樣的(de)政府(fu)才可托付先(xian)人(ren)的(de)珍(zhen)藏(zang)。全家(jia)商(shang)議后(hou)，由(you)潘祖蔭的(de)孫(sun)媳潘達于(yu)(yu)(yu)執筆，于(yu)(yu)(yu)1951年(nian)7月(yue)6日寫信給華(hua)東(dong)(dong)文化部，希(xi)望將大(da)盂(yu)鼎和大(da)克鼎捐(juan)獻(xian)給國家(jia)。同時也希(xi)望將兩件大(da)鼎放在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海博物館展出。7月(yue)26日，文管(guan)會派專員在(zai)(zai)潘家(jia)后(hou)人(ren)的(de)陪同下赴蘇(su)州，大(da)鼎得以重見天日。為表(biao)彰潘達于(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)獻(xian)寶壯舉，華(hua)東(dong)(dong)文化部于(yu)(yu)(yu)10月(yue)9日舉行(xing)了隆重的(de)頒獎儀式。

1952年上(shang)海博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)落(luo)成(cheng)，大(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎藏入此館(guan)(guan)。1959年，北京中國歷史博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)（現中國國家博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)）開館(guan)(guan)，上(shang)博(bo)以大(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎等125件館(guan)(guan)藏珍(zhen)品支援。從此大(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎入藏中國國家博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)。

文物特征編輯 播報

器(qi)厚立耳，折沿(yan)，斂(lian)口，腹部(bu)橫(heng)向寬大(da)，壁斜外張、下垂，近足外底(di)處曲率(lv)較小，下承三蹄足。器(qi)以云雷紋(wen)(wen)為地，頸部(bu)飾帶狀饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)，足上(shang)部(bu)飾浮(fu)雕式饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)，下部(bu)飾兩周(zhou)凸(tu)弦紋(wen)(wen),是西周(zhou)早期大(da)型(xing)、中型(xing)鼎(ding)的典(dian)型(xing)式樣，雄偉凝重。

器內壁鑄(zhu)銘文19行291字，記述了周康王二十三年九月冊命(ming)貴族(zu)盂之事。

銘文

原文

隹(zhui)（同唯(wei)(wei)，發語(yu)詞）九月(yue)，王(wang)(wang)才(cai)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)）宗周(zhou)，令(ling)(ling)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)命(ming)(ming)，冊(ce)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)）盂(yu)(yu)。王(wang)(wang)若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue)：“盂(yu)(yu)，不(bu)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)丕pī，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)）顯（訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)明）玟(min)王(wang)(wang)受(shou)天(tian)(tian)有(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)佑(you)，保佑(you)）大(da)(da)令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)），在(zai)（載，過去(qu)）珷王(wang)(wang)嗣(si)玟(min)乍(zha)邦，【外門內辟】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)辟，除去(qu)）氒（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)厥(jue)，代詞，指代殷(yin)商）匿（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)慝，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)惡），匍(pu)有(you)四(si)(si)方，【田允】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)畯，長(chang)久）正（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)政）氒（厥(jue)，指代四(si)(si)方）民(min)，在(zai)【上(shang)(shang)(shang)雨下(xia)(xia)于(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于(yu)）【午卩】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)御，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)用）事，【虘又(you)(you)cuó】（嘆(tan)(tan)詞），酉(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)酒）無敢【左(zuo)酉(you)右(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)舌右(you)下(xia)(xia)火(huo)(huo)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)酖，樂(le)酒之(zhi)意），有(you)【左(zuo)弓(gong)中上(shang)(shang)(shang)此中下(xia)(xia)火(huo)(huo)右(you)弓(gong)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)祡，燒(shao)柴祭天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)祀）【上(shang)(shang)(shang)米(mi)中豆下(xia)(xia)廾】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蒸，天(tian)(tian)子冬(dong)祭）祀無敢【酉(you)夒(nao)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擾），古（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故）天(tian)(tian)異（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)翼，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)護）臨（訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)看）子，廢（訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)）保先王(wang)(wang)，？（字(zi)鑄壞，疑(yi)為(wei)(wei)匍(pu)）有(you)四(si)(si)方。我聞殷(yin)述（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)墜，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)喪）令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)），隹(zhui)（唯(wei)(wei)）殷(yin)邊(bian)侯田（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)甸）【上(shang)(shang)(shang)雨下(xia)(xia)于(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)）殷(yin)正百辟，率肄（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)肆）于(yu)酉(you)（酒），古（故）喪師（人(ren)(ren)民(min)），巳（疑(yi)為(wei)(wei)嘆(tan)(tan)詞）。女(nv)(nv)(nv)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)汝(ru)）妹（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昧）辰（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晨）又(you)(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)）大(da)(da)服（封官之(zhi)意），余隹(zhui)（唯(wei)(wei)）即朕小學，女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）勿（沒(mei)有(you)）克克余乃(nai)(nai)辟一人(ren)(ren)。今我隹(zhui)（唯(wei)(wei)）即（訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)就）井（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)型，效法）【上(shang)(shang)(shang)宀下(xia)(xia)面】于(yu)玟(min)王(wang)(wang)正德，若(ruo)玟(min)王(wang)(wang)令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）二(er)三(san)正。今余隹(zhui)（唯(wei)(wei)）令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）盂(yu)(yu)，【超復雜(za)字(zi)①】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)召(zhao)，輔佐(zuo)）【上(shang)(shang)(shang)炏下(xia)(xia)乂】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)榮，周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室內地位很高的一個人(ren)(ren)），【上(shang)(shang)(shang)卄下(xia)(xia)勹】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)敬(jing)(jing)，認可、尊奉）【左(zuo)隹(zhui)右(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)夂右(you)下(xia)(xia)呂】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擁，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)護，維(wei)護）德（美德）巠（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)，準則），敏朝(chao)夕入讕（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)諫(jian)），享(xiang)奔走(zou)，畏天(tian)(tian)畏（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)威）。”王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“【上(shang)(shang)(shang)二(er)下(xia)(xia)巛(chuan)】（此字(zi)不(bu)識，疑(yi)為(wei)(wei)嘆(tan)(tan)詞）！令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）盂(yu)(yu)井（型）乃(nai)(nai)嗣(si)且(qie)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)祖(zu)）南公(gong)。”王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“盂(yu)(yu)，廼(nai)【超復雜(za)字(zi)①】（召(zhao)）夾死（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尸，訓(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)主）【超復雜(za)字(zi)②】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)司，管理）戎(rong)，敏誎（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)勅(chi)，治(zhi)理）罰訟，夙夕召(zhao)我一人(ren)(ren)【上(shang)(shang)(shang)米(mi)下(xia)(xia)豆】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)烝）四(si)(si)方，【上(shang)(shang)(shang)雨下(xia)(xia)于(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)）我其（將要）遹（巡(xun)狩）省先王(wang)(wang)受(shou)民(min)受(shou)疆土。易（賞賜）女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）鬯（chàng）一卣（yǒu），冂(jiong)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)裳(shang)），衣，舄(xi)（xì），車(che)馬。易女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）且(qie)（祖(zu)）南公(gong)旂（一種(zhong)旗子），用【辶單(dan)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)戰）。易女(nv)(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）邦【超復雜(za)字(zi)②】（司）四(si)(si)白（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)伯）人(ren)(ren)鬲，自(zi)馭(yu)至于(yu)庶人(ren)(ren)，六百又(you)(you)五(wu)十又(you)(you)九夫(fu)，易夷【超復雜(za)字(zi)②】（司）王(wang)(wang)臣(chen)十又(you)(you)三(san)白（伯）人(ren)(ren)鬲，千又(you)(you)五(wu)十夫(fu)。【辶亟】【超復雜(za)字(zi)③】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)畢）【超復雜(za)字(zi)④】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)遷）自(zi)氒（厥(jue)）土。”王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)：“盂(yu)(yu)，若(ruo)【上(shang)(shang)(shang)卄下(xia)(xia)勹】（敬(jing)(jing)）乃(nai)(nai)正（長(chang)官），勿廢朕令(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）。”盂(yu)(yu)用對王(wang)(wang)休，用乍(zha)且(qie)（祖(zu)）南公(gong)寶鼎。隹(zhui)（唯(wei)(wei)）王(wang)(wang)廿又(you)(you)三(san)祀。

譯文

九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)宗周冊命(ming)(ming)(ming)盂(yu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)這(zhe)樣說(shuo)："偉大(da)(da)英明的(de)(de)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)承(cheng)受了(le)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)佑助(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)使命(ming)(ming)(ming)。到了(le)武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，繼承(cheng)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)建立了(le)周國。排除了(le)那個奸惡，普(pu)遍地(di)(di)保有了(le)四(si)方土(tu)地(di)(di)，長久地(di)(di)治(zhi)理(li)著百姓。辦事的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)舉行飲酒(jiu)禮(li)的(de)(de)儀式上(shang)(shang)，沒(mei)人(ren)(ren)敢喝醉，在(zai)(zai)舉行柴、烝(zheng)一類的(de)(de)祭祀上(shang)(shang)也不敢醉酒(jiu)。所以(yi)天(tian)(tian)帝以(yi)慈愛之(zhi)心給以(yi)庇護，大(da)(da)力(li)保佑先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，廣有天(tian)(tian)下。我(wo)(wo)(wo)聽說(shuo)殷(yin)朝(chao)喪(sang)(sang)失了(le)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)所賜予的(de)(de)大(da)(da)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，是因為殷(yin)朝(chao)從遠(yuan)方諸侯(hou)到朝(chao)廷內的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)官員，都經常酗酒(jiu)，所以(yi)喪(sang)(sang)失了(le)天(tian)(tian)下。你(ni)(ni)(ni)年幼時(shi)就繼承(cheng)了(le)先輩的(de)(de)顯要(yao)(yao)職(zhi)位，我(wo)(wo)(wo)曾讓你(ni)(ni)(ni)就讀于(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)貴胄小(xiao)學，你(ni)(ni)(ni)不能背離我(wo)(wo)(wo)，而要(yao)(yao)輔(fu)佐我(wo)(wo)(wo)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)效法文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)政令(ling)和德行，猶如文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)一樣任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)兩三(san)個執政大(da)(da)臣來(lai)任(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)你(ni)(ni)(ni)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)恭(gong)敬地(di)(di)協調綱紀(ji)(ji)，勤勉(mian)地(di)(di)早(zao)(zao)晚入(ru)諫，進行祭祀，奔走于(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事，敬畏上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)威嚴(yan)。"王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)："命(ming)(ming)(ming)你(ni)(ni)(ni)盂(yu)，一定要(yao)(yao)效法你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)先祖(zu)南(nan)公，"王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)："盂(yu)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)主管軍(jun)隊，勤勉(mian)而及(ji)時(shi)地(di)(di)處理(li)賞罰獄(yu)訟(song)案件，從早(zao)(zao)到晚都應輔(fu)佐我(wo)(wo)(wo)治(zhi)理(li)四(si)方，協助(zhu)(zhu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)遵行先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)制度治(zhi)民(min)治(zhi)疆土(tu)。賞賜給你(ni)(ni)(ni)一卣香酒(jiu)、頭巾、蔽膝、木底(di)鞋(xie)、車(che)、馬；賜給你(ni)(ni)(ni)先祖(zu)南(nan)公的(de)(de)旗(qi)幟，用(yong)以(yi)巡狩(shou)，賜給你(ni)(ni)(ni)邦國的(de)(de)官員四(si)名，人(ren)(ren)眾自馭手至(zhi)庶人(ren)(ren)六百五(wu)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)；"賜給你(ni)(ni)(ni)異(yi)族的(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)臣十(shi)三(san)名，夷眾一千零五(wu)十(shi)人(ren)(ren)，要(yao)(yao)盡量讓這(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)他們所耕作的(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)努力(li)勞動。"王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)："盂(yu)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)恭(gong)謹地(di)(di)對待你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)職(zhi)事，不得違抗我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)命(ming)(ming)(ming)令(ling)。"盂(yu)頌揚(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)美德，制作了(le)紀(ji)(ji)念先祖(zu)南(nan)公的(de)(de)寶鼎，時(shi)在(zai)(zai)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)位第(di)二十(shi)三(san)年。

要義

銘文中，周(zhou)康王向盂(yu)講(jiang)述文王、武王的立國經驗，告(gao)(gao)誡(jie)盂(yu)要效法其祖(zu)先，忠(zhong)心輔(fu)佐王室，并賞賜盂(yu)鬯、命服、車馬、邦司、人(ren)鬲(li)、庶人(ren)等。銘文中語(yu)句(ju)“丕顯文王受(shou)天有大命”體現了(le)周(zhou)人(ren)的天命觀(guan)，而另一語(yu)句(ju)“我聞殷墜命，唯(wei)殷邊侯(hou)甸與(yu)殷正百辟，率肆于酒，故喪師(shi)矣”，則是周(zhou)康王告(gao)(gao)誡(jie)盂(yu)，商(shang)內、外臣僚(liao)沉湎于酒，以致(zhi)于亡國，透露出周(zhou)人(ren)對于商(shang)人(ren)嗜酒誤國這一前車之鑒(jian)的警(jing)示。

銘文中(zhong)“有”、“厥(jue)”、“又”等字(zi)波磔分明(ming)，得于用筆過程中(zhong)自覺的提(ti)、按意(yi)識。通篇文字(zi)布局規整(zheng)，書風(feng)凝重。

銘文(wen)的內(nei)容大致可分為三段(duan)：

第一部分用較(jiao)多文字說明商人縱(zong)酒是周興起(qi)和商滅亡(wang)的(de)原因，贊揚了周代文武(wu)二王的(de)盛德。表示康王（武(wu)王的(de)孫子）自己要以文王為典范，告誡盂也要以祖父南公作榜樣。

第二部分主要(yao)是康王命(ming)盂(yu)幫助他(ta)掌管軍事(shi)和(he)統治人民，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)賞賜(si)給(gei)盂(yu)香酒(jiu)、禮服、車馬、儀仗(zhang)和(he)奴隸1726個，并(bing)(bing)叮(ding)囑盂(yu)要(yao)恭(gong)敬辦(ban)政，莫違(wei)王命(ming)。

第三(san)部分說明盂作此(ci)寶鼎以祭祀其(qi)祖(zu)父南公 。

文物意義

珍貴史料

銘(ming)文(wen)載康王(wang)(wang)向盂(yu)敘述周(zhou)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)的(de)立國經驗。認為文(wen)王(wang)(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)(wang)得(de)以(yi)卓越的(de)業(ye)績立國，主要(yao)(yao)是由于(yu)(yu)其(qi)臣屬(shu)從不酗酒，每逢祭(ji)祀，認真、恭敬，而商王(wang)(wang)的(de)亡國教(jiao)訓(xun)就在(zai)于(yu)(yu)沉迷(mi)于(yu)(yu)酒。由此告誡盂(yu)要(yao)(yao)效法祖(zu)先，忠(zhong)心輔佐王(wang)(wang)室，并賜(si)盂(yu)命服、車馬、酒與邦(bang)司、人(ren)鬲等。盂(yu)在(zai)銘(ming)文(wen)中說(shuo)明(ming)作此鼎也是為了祭(ji)祀其(qi)祖(zu)父南公。大盂(yu)鼎銘(ming)文(wen)是史(shi)家研究(jiu)周(zhou)代分封制和周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)與臣屬(shu)關(guan)系的(de)重要(yao)(yao)史(shi)料，一向為史(shi)學家所重視。

大盂(yu)鼎(ding)造(zao)(zao)型雄渾，工(gong)藝(yi)精湛。其內壁鑄有銘文19行(xing)，為研究(jiu)西周(zhou)奴隸制度的重要史料。大盂(yu)鼎(ding)內壁有銘文二百九十(shi)一(yi)字(zi)，其內容為：周(zhou)王告(gao)誡盂(yu)（人名），殷代(dai)(dai)以酗酒而亡，周(zhou)代(dai)(dai)則(ze)忌酒而興，命盂(yu)一(yi)定要盡(jin)力地輔佐他，敬(jing)承文王，武王的德(de)政。其書(shu)法(fa)體(ti)勢嚴謹，字(zi)形(xing)，布局都十(shi)分質樸平實(shi)，用筆方圓兼備，具有端嚴凝重的藝(yi)術(shu)效果。開《張遷(qian)碑(bei)》、《龍門造(zao)(zao)像》之先河。以書(shu)法(fa)成就而言，大盂(yu)鼎(ding)在成康時代(dai)(dai)當據首位，是西周(zhou)早期金文書(shu)法(fa)的代(dai)(dai)表作。

金文書法

大(da)盂鼎銘文(wen)雖屬西周早期金文(wen)，但書法體勢(shi)嚴謹，結(jie)字、章(zhang)法都十(shi)分(fen)質樸平實，用筆方圓兼(jian)備、端嚴凝重，雄壯而(er)不失秀(xiu)美，布(bu)局整飭中又見靈動，并達到(dao)了十(shi)分(fen)精(jing)美的程(cheng)度，是西周前期金文(wen)的代表作，加之(zhi)器形巨大(da)，造型端莊堂皇、渾(hun)厚(hou)雄偉，故作品更(geng)呈現出一種磅礴氣勢(shi)和恢弘的格局，從而(er)為世人所矚目。

重要展覽

2021年9月，“禮和萬方--商周(zhou)青銅鼎特展”。