一、產品概況
1、產品名稱:茂(mao)名儲良(liang)龍眼
2、國家公告號:國家質量(liang)監督檢驗檢疫總(zong)局2004年(nian)第(di)107號
3、產品標準編號:GB18406.2-2001
4、保護(hu)范(fan)圍:廣東省茂名市現轄行政區域
5、質量特色: 儲良龍眼(yan)是(shi)茂名(ming)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)牌特產(chan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒均勻(yun),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)扁圓形(xing)皮呈黃褐色。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白色不(bu)透明(ming),爽脆味濃甜。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)核較小扁圓形(xing)棕褐色,被譽(yu)為“果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神品”,有“南(nan)方人(ren)參(can)”美稱。
二、地標地理
茂(mao)名市地(di)處(chu)廣(guang)東省(sheng)西南部,南瀕南海,北倚廣(guang)東第(di)二(er)高峰云(yun)開山脈。地(di)貌以山地(di)丘(qiu)陵為主(zhu),兼有(you)平原和(he)沿海灘(tan)涂。屬熱帶向亞熱帶過渡地(di)帶,具(ju)有(you)氣候溫暖、光照充足、雨量充沛、無霜期長的特色。
儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)南亞(ya)熱帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)樹,對氣候條件的(de)要求極(ji)為嚴格。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)以山地(di)種(zhong)植(zhi)為主(zhu)(zhu),冬季(ji)溫(wen)度太低(di)或霜凍會影(ying)響龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)的(de)生存,對低(di)溫(wen)極(ji)敏感,是(shi)限制龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)地(di)理分(fen)(fen)(fen)布范圍的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要原因。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)是(shi)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)樹中較(jiao)耐旱的(de)樹種(zhong),茂名冬季(ji)雨水少,便利于樹林養分(fen)(fen)(fen)積累用于翌(yi)年(nian)花(hua)芽分(fen)(fen)(fen)化。花(hua)期忌多(duo)雨陰(yin)濕和濃霧(wu),影(ying)響授粉而減產。果(guo)(guo)實成(cheng)熟期多(duo)雨,會降(jiang)低(di)果(guo)(guo)實品質,增加落果(guo)(guo)。6-8月充(chong)足水分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)根系生長盛期,龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)較(jiao)耐陰(yin),故有“當日(ri)荔枝,背日(ri)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)”的(de)俗稱。龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)對土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)適應(ying)性(xing)較(jiao)強,在紅壤(rang)(rang)沖積土(tu)(tu),砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)中種(zhong)植(zhi)較(jiao)為理想。茂名地(di)區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)結構良(liang)好,疏松(song)透氣。因此,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質含量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)豐富,N、P、K的(de)含量(liang)比(bi)較(jiao)高,理化性(xing)狀好,十分(fen)(fen)(fen)適宜(yi)儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)生長的(de)需求。
三、文化背景
茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)種植龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)歷史悠久,最早可追溯(su)到2000年前(qian)的(de)(de)漢(han)代,在(zai)唐代,龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)更(geng)是(shi)被(bei)列為(wei)朝廷(ting)貢品。明代名(ming)醫李(li)時珍(zhen)在(zai)《本草綱目(mu)》中(zhong)記載:“龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)味甘,開胃健脾,補(bu)腦益智”。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)原產(chan)茂(mao)(mao)名(ming),作為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)品種有100多年歷史,是(shi)我市(shi)的(de)(de)傳統的(de)(de)名(ming)牌特產(chan)。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)母樹現(xian)存于茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)高州(zhou)分界鎮儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)村(cun),該品種是(shi)茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)水果(guo)(guo)管理部門1982年進行水果(guo)(guo)品種檢(jian)查、選優時從(cong)茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)高州(zhou)分界鎮儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)村(cun)發現(xian)的(de)(de)一(yi)棵優良(liang)(liang)單株,故定名(ming)為(wei)“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)”。“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)”原來(lai)只有一(yi)棵樹,從(cong)1983年起,由政府扶持對(dui)該棵樹進行保護和育苗(miao)繁殖,經過20年的(de)(de)發展形成了現(xian)在(zai)全(quan)市(shi)種植了上百(bai)萬畝的(de)(de)“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)”規(gui)模(mo)。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)品質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang)(liang),被(bei)譽為(wei)“果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神品”,果(guo)(guo)品以(yi)其果(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大,果(guo)(guo)粒大小均勻(yun),著(zhu)果(guo)(guo)較密。果(guo)(guo)實大且扁圓形,果(guo)(guo)皮黃褐色(se)(se)。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)乳白色(se)(se)不透(tou)明,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)爽(shuang)脆(cui),味濃甜而享(xiang)譽中(zhong)外。是(shi)鮮(xian)食和加工(gong)兼優品種,用儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)加工(gong)成的(de)(de)桂圓肉(rou)(rou)享(xiang)有“南方人(ren)參”的(de)(de)美譽。
四、文化積淀
龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)又稱桂圓,因此常被(bei)人們拿來(lai)比喻“早生貴子(zi)”和“平安富(fu)貴”之(zhi)意。據說(shuo),在(zai)2000年前的(de)漢(han)代(dai),茂(mao)名(ming)高州(zhou)沙(sha)田(tian)鎮的(de)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)便作為貢品向朝庭的(de)皇帝進貢。《漢(han)書和帝記》有“舊南海(hai)(即今(jin)高州(zhou)沙(sha)田(tian))獻龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”的(de)記述“十里一(yi)置,五里一(yi)堠。帝敕太(tai)宮(gong),勿復受獻。”明代(dai)醫家李時(shi)珍(zhen)在(zai)他的(de)《本(ben)草綱目》一(yi)書里描述:“資益以龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)為良。”據《茂(mao)名(ming)縣志》記載:“高州(zhou)沙(sha)田(tian)列(lie)漢(han)南海(hai)圖經。”
作為“果(guo)中神品”,龍(long)(long)眼一直以來(lai)(lai)都(dou)受到人(ren)們(men)的喜(xi)愛。宋代(dai)詩人(ren)楊萬(wan)里(li)(li)曾(ceng)在他(ta)的《西園(yuan)晚步(bu)二首》中寫道(dao):“龍(long)(long)眼初如(ru)綠(lv)豆(dou)肥,荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)似佛螺(luo)兒。南荒北客難將息,最是(shi)殘(can)春首夏(xia)時。”蘇東坡的“日啖(dan)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三百(bai)顆,不(bu)辭(ci)長作嶺南人(ren)”早已(yi)被世人(ren)熟悉,他(ta)對龍(long)(long)眼也情有(you)獨鐘,他(ta)說過:龍(long)(long)眼與(yu)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),異(yi)出同父祖。他(ta)還寫了一首叫《荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘆》的詩詞(ci):“十里(li)(li)一置飛(fei)塵灰,五里(li)(li)一堠兵火催。顛坑仆谷(gu)相枕藉,知是(shi)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)(long)眼來(lai)(lai)。飛(fei)車(che)跨(kua)山鶻橫海,鳳枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)露葉(xie)如(ru)新采。宮中美人(ren)一破顏(yan),驚塵濺血流(liu)千載(zai)。永元(yuan)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)交(jiao)州(zhou),天(tian)寶歲(sui)貢(gong)取之涪。至今欲食(shi)林甫肉,無人(ren)舉觴酹(lei)佰游。”
五、品牌建設
茂名儲(chu)(chu)良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)種植發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)快,面(mian)積大,近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,茂名已發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成為全(quan)國(guo)最大的(de)優質龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)地(di),令(ling)世人刮(gua)目相看。1982年(nian)(nian)和1984年(nian)(nian),湛江地(di)區和茂名市進(jin)行優良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種評(ping)(ping)選,儲(chu)(chu)良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)獲(huo)得第一(yi)名。1990年(nian)(nian)廣東省龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)優良品(pin)(pin)種評(ping)(ping)比,儲(chu)(chu)良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以103.45分榮獲(huo)第一(yi)名,被(bei)中國(guo)農業科學院果樹研究所收入全(quan)國(guo)優稀龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)因庫貯存。在第一(yi)、二屆中國(guo)農業博(bo)覽(lan)會(hui)上,儲(chu)(chu)良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)在101個龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種中脫穎而出獲(huo)得金(jin)牌(pai)獎,1997年(nian)(nian)又獲(huo)第三屆中國(guo)農業博(bo)覽(lan)會(hui)名牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱號(hao),在隨后的(de)1999年(nian)(nian)和2001年(nian)(nian)均獲(huo)得中國(guo)國(guo)際農業博(bo)覽(lan)會(hui)名牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)稱號(hao),成為中國(guo)獲(huo)取最高殊(shu)榮的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種。2001年(nian)(nian)8月,儲(chu)(chu)良龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)被(bei)中國(guo)綠色食品(pin)(pin)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)中心認證為綠色食品(pin)(pin)A級產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。
茂名(ming)市(shi)委、市(shi)政府十分(fen)(fen)重(zhong)視水(shui)果(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),堅持(chi)把“念活山海經”和(he)大(da)力(li)發展(zhan)以(yi)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)為龍(long)頭(tou)“三高(gao)”農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為振興農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來(lai)抓(zhua),做到(dao)“領(ling)導(dao)換屆(jie),路子(zi)不(bu)改”,堅持(chi)走實施(shi)品(pin)牌戰略以(yi)拓展(zhan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)續發展(zhan)之路。因(yin)此,茂名(ming)加大(da)對儲良(liang)龍(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)宣傳力(li)度(du),取得了較好的(de)(de)(de)成效(xiao)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)抓(zhua)龍(long)頭(tou)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)。全市(shi)各(ge)級水(shui)果(guo)(guo)部門加強(qiang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo),抓(zhua)好龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),以(yi)龍(long)頭(tou)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong),與果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)簽訂產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷合(he)同,帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)了果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)按標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了經濟(ji)效(xiao)益。二是(shi)(shi)充分(fen)(fen)發揮行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)會、協(xie)(xie)(xie)會的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。全市(shi)現有茂名(ming)市(shi)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)學(xue)(xue)會、高(gao)州市(shi)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)(xie)(xie)會、信宜種植者(zhe)協(xie)(xie)(xie)會、分(fen)(fen)界鎮水(shui)果(guo)(guo)學(xue)(xue)會等,這些行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)會、協(xie)(xie)(xie)會注重(zhong)抓(zhua)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)研究示(shi)范(fan)(fan)、推廣,制定規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)(xie)會章(zhang)程和(he)運(yun)作(zuo)形式,吸引(yin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)入會,把千家萬戶果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)散經營納入行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)(xie)(xie)會的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)化(hua)管(guan)理,實現水(shui)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)前、產(chan)(chan)(chan)中、產(chan)(chan)(chan)后各(ge)個環節都(dou)按標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)要求進行(xing)運(yun)作(zuo)和(he)監(jian)督。實行(xing)統一(yi)定植規(gui)(gui)(gui)格、統一(yi)施(shi)肥、統一(yi)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)除蟲滅病(bing)、統一(yi)控(kong)梢促(cu)花、統一(yi)保(bao)花果(guo)(guo)、統一(yi)采收,大(da)大(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)儲良(liang)龍(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量安(an)全水(shui)平(ping)。三是(shi)(shi)大(da)力(li)推廣高(gao)效(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥料和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),推行(xing)病(bing)蟲病(bing)綜合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi),防(fang)止農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留,提(ti)(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量。四(si)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)立示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)。全市(shi)各(ge)級水(shui)果(guo)(guo)部門狠(hen)抓(zhua)儲良(liang)龍(long)眼標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)基(ji)(ji)地(di),通過示(shi)范(fan)(fan)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)廣大(da)果(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)走標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)道(dao)路。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量認(ren)證,發揮品(pin)牌效(xiao)應作(zuo)用。
六、營養價值
龍(long)眼具有很多保健(jian)功(gong)能(neng),李(li)時珍說(shuo):“龍(long)眼大補(bu)”,”資益以龍(long)眼為良(liang)”。鮮果有開胃健(jian)脾,補(bu)益安神(shen)功(gong)效。其加工制品是治(zhi)療病(bing)后(hou)體虛,貧血(xue)痿黃,神(shen)經衰弱(ruo),產(chan)后(hou)血(xue)虧(kui)的理想補(bu)品。民間常以龍(long)眼干配黨參煎(jian)服,用于治(zhi)氣血(xue)虧(kui)損癥(zheng),產(chan)婦分娩后(hou)服此湯(tang)劑可(ke)(ke)補(bu)氣血(xue)、恢復元氣,老弱(ruo)病(bing)者在冬季常服此湯(tang)可(ke)(ke)補(bu)氣血(xue),抵御風寒。
七、醫療功效
國(guo)內外科學家發(fa)現龍(long)眼肉有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌的(de)作用(yong)。研(yan)究表明(ming),人(ren)體有(you)一(yi)種黃素蛋白酶(MAO-B)和機體的(de)衰(shuai)老(lao)有(you)密切關(guan)連,即其活性(xing)升高可加(jia)速老(lao)化。日本大阪中醫研(yan)究所(suo)曾(ceng)對800多(duo)種天然食物、藥物進行抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌試驗,發(fa)現龍(long)眼的(de)肉水浸液對子宮頸癌細胞有(you)90%以上的(de)抑制(zhi)率,比對照組抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌化療藥物博萊霉素要高25%,它幾乎與(yu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)癌藥物長壽新堿相當。在中國(guo)第二屆抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)科學研(yan)究會(hui)上,一(yi)些學者提出龍(long)眼可能會(hui)成為潛在的(de)具有(you)MAO-B抑制(zhi)活性(xing)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)衰(shuai)老(lao)食品。
【性味】甘、平溫(wen)、無(wu)毒(du)。
【歸(gui)經】入心、脾(pi)、胃(wei)。
【功(gong)效】補心脾(pi),益氣血,健(jian)脾(pi)胃,養(yang)肌肉。
【主治】思慮(lv)傷(shang)脾(pi)(pi),頭昏,失(shi)(shi)眠,心悸怔忡,虛贏(ying),病后或產后體虛,及由于(yu)脾(pi)(pi)虛所致之下血失(shi)(shi)血癥(zheng)。
【禁忌】患有外感實邪(xie),痰飲脹滿(man)者勿(wu)食龍眼(yan)肉。
【說明(ming)】龍眼(yan)(yan)肉有(you)補心(xin)脾、益氣血作用,是(shi)一種比(bi)較理想的中(zhong)藥,但鮮(xian)龍眼(yan)(yan)肉多食(shi)卻易生濕熱及引起口干(gan),入藥治病多用干(gan)龍眼(yan)(yan),又名桂圓肉。
【選方】
1.龍眼肉(rou),每(mei)日嚼食30克,治(zhi)心悸怔(zheng)忡。
2.龍(long)眼肉,蒸熟每(mei)日食之,食至500多克后,即(ji)可治愈(yu)心悸(ji)怔忡、失眠、心脾血虛癥者及大便下血數日不(bu)愈(yu)者。
3.龍眼肉10克,蓮子15克,糯(nuo)米60克,煮(zhu)粥每日(ri)早(zao)晚食,治(zhi)貧血體弱,心悸失眠(mian),精神(shen)不振(zhen)。
4.龍眼肉10克(ke),花生米(mi)(連紅(hong)衣)12克(ke),水煎服,亦治貧血體弱(ruo)。
5.龍眼肉、炒酸棗(zao)仁各10克,芡(qian)實(shi)12克,煮湯睡前(qian)飲,治失眠(mian)、心(xin)悸。
6.龍眼肉干七個(ge),連(lian)核一起放火中煅炭存性,研細末(mo),分四(si)次(ci)服,一日兩次(ci),用(yong)鍛赭石15克(ke)煎水送服,治呃逆。
7.龍眼龍30克(ke)配(pei)白糖3克(ke),若素體多(duo)火(huo)者(zhe)再(zai)加入西洋參(can)片(pian),碗口加蓋(gai),每天在飯鍋(guo)上蒸(zheng),蒸(zheng)至百(bai)次(ci),便成玉靈膏(亦稱(cheng)代參(can)膏)。
凡(fan)年老體衰(shuai)贏弱病者,每次用(yong)開(kai)水送服(fu)一匙,大補氣血,力(li)勝參芪,產(chan)婦臨產(chan)前(qian)服(fu)之尤佳。
8.龍眼肉15-30克,大紅棗(zao)15克,水適量(liang),同蒸熟食用。治婦女崩漏,貧血,血小板減少(shao)。
9.龍眼干、大棗、生姜各適量,水煎服,治產后浮腫。
10.龍(long)眼(yan)肉、雞蛋,蒸熟食用(yong),治月經不調,產后(hou)虛弱(ruo)。
11.龍眼干(gan)14枚,生姜3片,水煎服,治脾虛泄瀉。
12.歸(gui)元仙酒:龍眼(yan)肉、當(dang)歸(gui)適量,用40度(du)米酒浸(jin)泡半月后,每日少量飲之(zhi),有(you)養血(xue)益顏(yan)之(zhi)功效。