一、產品概況
1、產(chan)品名稱:茂名儲(chu)良龍眼
2、國家公告(gao)號:國家質量監督(du)檢驗檢疫總局2004年第107號
3、產品標準編號:GB18406.2-2001
4、保護(hu)范圍:廣東(dong)省茂名市現轄行政區域
5、質量特色: 儲良龍眼是茂名水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)名牌特產,果(guo)(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大果(guo)(guo)(guo)粒均勻,果(guo)(guo)(guo)形扁圓形皮呈黃褐色。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳(ru)白(bai)色不透明,爽脆味濃甜。果(guo)(guo)(guo)核較小扁圓形棕褐色,被譽為(wei)“果(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神(shen)品”,有“南(nan)方人參”美稱。
二、地標地理
茂名市地(di)處廣(guang)東省(sheng)西南(nan)部,南(nan)瀕南(nan)海,北倚廣(guang)東第二高峰云開山脈。地(di)貌以山地(di)丘(qiu)陵為(wei)主(zhu),兼有平(ping)原和沿海灘(tan)涂。屬熱(re)帶向亞(ya)熱(re)帶過渡地(di)帶,具有氣候溫暖、光照充(chong)(chong)足、雨量充(chong)(chong)沛、無霜期長(chang)的特色。
儲良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)眼是典型的(de)南(nan)亞熱(re)帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)樹,對氣候條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)要求(qiu)極(ji)為嚴格。儲良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)眼種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)以山(shan)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)為主,冬(dong)季溫(wen)度太低或霜(shuang)凍會(hui)影響(xiang)(xiang)龍(long)眼的(de)生(sheng)存,對低溫(wen)極(ji)敏感,是限制龍(long)眼地(di)理分布范圍的(de)主要原因。儲良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)眼是亞熱(re)帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)樹中較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)耐旱的(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),茂(mao)名冬(dong)季雨(yu)水少(shao),便利于樹林養分積累用于翌年花(hua)芽(ya)分化。花(hua)期忌多(duo)雨(yu)陰濕和濃霧,影響(xiang)(xiang)授粉而減產。果(guo)(guo)實成熟期多(duo)雨(yu),會(hui)降低果(guo)(guo)實品質,增加(jia)落果(guo)(guo)。6-8月充足水分是根系生(sheng)長盛期,龍(long)眼較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)耐陰,故有“當日荔枝,背日龍(long)眼”的(de)俗(su)稱。龍(long)眼對土壤(rang)適應性較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang),在紅(hong)壤(rang)沖積土,砂壤(rang)土中種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為理想。茂(mao)名地(di)區土壤(rang)結構良(liang)(liang)(liang)好,疏松(song)透氣。因此(ci),土壤(rang)有機質含量比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)豐富,N、P、K的(de)含量比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高,理化性狀好,十(shi)分適宜儲良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)眼生(sheng)長的(de)需求(qiu)。
三、文化背景
茂(mao)名(ming)市種(zhong)植龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)歷史(shi)悠久,最早可追(zhui)溯到2000年(nian)前的(de)漢代(dai),在唐代(dai),龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)更是被(bei)列(lie)為朝(chao)廷貢品(pin)。明代(dai)名(ming)醫(yi)李(li)時珍在《本草綱目》中(zhong)記載:“龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)味(wei)甘,開胃健脾,補(bu)腦(nao)益智”。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)原(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)茂(mao)名(ming),作為一個品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)100多年(nian)歷史(shi),是我市的(de)傳統的(de)名(ming)牌特產(chan)。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)母(mu)樹(shu)(shu)現存(cun)于茂(mao)名(ming)市高州分(fen)界(jie)鎮(zhen)儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)村(cun),該品(pin)種(zhong)是茂(mao)名(ming)市水果(guo)(guo)(guo)管理部門1982年(nian)進行(xing)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)種(zhong)檢查、選優(you)時從(cong)茂(mao)名(ming)市高州分(fen)界(jie)鎮(zhen)儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)村(cun)發(fa)現的(de)一棵(ke)優(you)良(liang)(liang)單株,故(gu)定名(ming)為“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”。“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”原(yuan)(yuan)來只(zhi)有(you)一棵(ke)樹(shu)(shu),從(cong)1983年(nian)起,由政府扶持對該棵(ke)樹(shu)(shu)進行(xing)保(bao)護(hu)和育苗(miao)繁殖(zhi),經過20年(nian)的(de)發(fa)展形(xing)成了(le)現在全市種(zhong)植了(le)上(shang)百萬畝的(de)“儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”規(gui)模。儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)質優(you)良(liang)(liang),被(bei)譽為“果(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神品(pin)”,果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)以(yi)其(qi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)粒大小(xiao)均(jun)勻(yun),著(zhu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)較密(mi)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)大且扁圓形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮黃褐色。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳(ru)白色不(bu)透明,肉(rou)質爽脆,味(wei)濃甜而享(xiang)譽中(zhong)外。是鮮食(shi)和加(jia)(jia)工(gong)兼優(you)品(pin)種(zhong),用儲(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)成的(de)桂(gui)圓肉(rou)享(xiang)有(you)“南方(fang)人(ren)參”的(de)美譽。
四、文化積淀
龍眼(yan)(yan)又稱(cheng)桂(gui)圓(yuan),因此常被人們拿來比(bi)喻(yu)“早生(sheng)貴(gui)子”和(he)“平(ping)安富貴(gui)”之(zhi)意(yi)。據(ju)說,在2000年前的(de)(de)(de)漢代(dai),茂(mao)名高州(zhou)沙(sha)田鎮的(de)(de)(de)龍眼(yan)(yan)便作為貢品(pin)向朝庭的(de)(de)(de)皇帝進貢。《漢書和(he)帝記》有“舊(jiu)南海(即今(jin)高州(zhou)沙(sha)田)獻龍眼(yan)(yan)”的(de)(de)(de)記述“十(shi)里一(yi)置(zhi),五里一(yi)堠。帝敕太宮,勿復受獻。”明代(dai)醫家李時珍(zhen)在他的(de)(de)(de)《本草綱目(mu)》一(yi)書里描述:“資益以(yi)龍眼(yan)(yan)為良。”據(ju)《茂(mao)名縣志》記載:“高州(zhou)沙(sha)田列(lie)漢南海圖經。”
作為“果中(zhong)神品”,龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)一直以來(lai)(lai)都受到人們(men)的喜愛。宋代(dai)詩人楊萬里(li)曾在他(ta)(ta)的《西園晚步二首(shou)(shou)》中(zhong)寫道:“龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)初如綠豆肥,荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已似佛螺(luo)兒(er)。南荒(huang)北客難將息,最是殘春首(shou)(shou)夏(xia)時。”蘇東坡的“日啖荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三百顆,不(bu)辭長作嶺南人”早已被(bei)世人熟悉,他(ta)(ta)對(dui)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)也情有獨鐘(zhong),他(ta)(ta)說過:龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)與荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),異出同父(fu)祖。他(ta)(ta)還寫了一首(shou)(shou)叫《荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘆》的詩詞:“十里(li)一置飛塵灰,五里(li)一堠兵(bing)火催。顛(dian)坑仆谷相枕藉(jie),知(zhi)是荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)來(lai)(lai)。飛車跨山鶻橫海,鳳枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)露葉如新采(cai)。宮(gong)中(zhong)美人一破(po)顏,驚塵濺血流千載。永元(yuan)荔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)交州(zhou),天寶歲(sui)貢取之涪。至今欲(yu)食林甫肉,無人舉觴酹(lei)佰游。”
五、品牌建設
茂名(ming)(ming)儲良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)植發(fa)展快,面(mian)積(ji)大,近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,茂名(ming)(ming)已發(fa)展成為全(quan)國最大的(de)優(you)質龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)基(ji)地,令世人刮目相看。1982年(nian)(nian)和1984年(nian)(nian),湛江地區(qu)和茂名(ming)(ming)市進(jin)行優(you)良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)評選,儲良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)獲(huo)(huo)得第一名(ming)(ming)。1990年(nian)(nian)廣東省龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong)評比,儲良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)以103.45分(fen)榮獲(huo)(huo)第一名(ming)(ming),被中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科學院果樹(shu)研究所收入全(quan)國優(you)稀龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)基(ji)因庫貯(zhu)存。在(zai)第一、二(er)屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會上,儲良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)在(zai)101個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)穎而出獲(huo)(huo)得金牌獎(jiang),1997年(nian)(nian)又獲(huo)(huo)第三屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)品稱(cheng)號(hao),在(zai)隨后的(de)1999年(nian)(nian)和2001年(nian)(nian)均獲(huo)(huo)得中(zhong)(zhong)國國際農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)品稱(cheng)號(hao),成為中(zhong)(zhong)國獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)最高殊榮的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品種(zhong)。2001年(nian)(nian)8月,儲良(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)被中(zhong)(zhong)國綠色食品開發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)心認證為綠色食品A級產(chan)品。
茂名市(shi)委、市(shi)政府十分(fen)重視水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),堅持把“念活(huo)山海經”和大(da)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)以水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)“三高”農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)振興(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)來抓(zhua),做到“領導換屆(jie),路子不(bu)改”,堅持走實施品(pin)(pin)牌戰略(lve)以拓展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之路。因此,茂名加大(da)對(dui)儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)宣傳力度,取(qu)得了較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)效。一(yi)是抓(zhua)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)帶(dai)動。全市(shi)各級水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部門(men)加強(qiang)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),抓(zhua)好(hao)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)產(chan),以龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)帶(dai)動,與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)簽訂產(chan)銷合同(tong),帶(dai)動了果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)按標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)產(chan),提(ti)高了經濟效益(yi)。二是充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮行業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)、協(xie)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。全市(shi)現有茂名市(shi)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)、高州(zhou)市(shi)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)、信宜種(zhong)植(zhi)者(zhe)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)、分(fen)界鎮水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)等,這些行業(ye)(ye)(ye)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)、協(xie)會(hui)(hui)注(zhu)重抓(zhua)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)研究示范(fan)、推(tui)廣(guang),制定(ding)(ding)規(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)章(zhang)程和運(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)形式(shi),吸引農(nong)(nong)(nong)民入會(hui)(hui),把千家萬戶果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)散經營(ying)納(na)入行業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)管理,實現水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)前、產(chan)中(zhong)、產(chan)后(hou)各個環(huan)節都(dou)按標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)要求進行運(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和監(jian)督(du)。實行統一(yi)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)規(gui)格(ge)、統一(yi)施肥(fei)(fei)、統一(yi)噴藥除蟲滅(mie)病、統一(yi)控梢促花(hua)、統一(yi)保花(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、統一(yi)采收,大(da)大(da)提(ti)高儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)安全水(shui)(shui)平。三是大(da)力推(tui)廣(guang)高效生(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)和生(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥,推(tui)行病蟲病綜(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)和生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi),防(fang)止農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留(liu),提(ti)高產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)。四是建立示范(fan)基(ji)地。全市(shi)各級水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部門(men)狠抓(zhua)儲良龍(long)(long)(long)眼標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)示范(fan)基(ji)地,通過示范(fan)帶(dai)動廣(guang)大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)走標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)道路。五是產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)認(ren)證,發(fa)(fa)揮品(pin)(pin)牌效應作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。
六、營養價值
龍眼具有(you)很多保健功(gong)能,李時珍說(shuo):“龍眼大補(bu)(bu)”,”資益以龍眼為良(liang)”。鮮果有(you)開胃健脾,補(bu)(bu)益安神(shen)功(gong)效。其加工制品是治療病(bing)(bing)后(hou)體虛,貧(pin)血(xue)痿黃,神(shen)經衰弱(ruo),產后(hou)血(xue)虧的理想補(bu)(bu)品。民間常(chang)以龍眼干配(pei)黨參煎服,用于治氣血(xue)虧損癥,產婦分(fen)娩(mian)后(hou)服此湯(tang)劑(ji)可(ke)補(bu)(bu)氣血(xue)、恢復元氣,老(lao)弱(ruo)病(bing)(bing)者在冬(dong)季常(chang)服此湯(tang)可(ke)補(bu)(bu)氣血(xue),抵(di)御風(feng)寒。
七、醫療功效
國內外科學(xue)家發現龍(long)(long)眼(yan)肉(rou)有明顯的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)衰老、抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)表明,人體有一種黃素蛋白酶(MAO-B)和機體的(de)(de)衰老有密切關連,即其活性升高可加速老化(hua)。日本(ben)大阪中醫研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)曾對(dui)800多種天然食(shi)物(wu)、藥(yao)物(wu)進行抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)試驗,發現龍(long)(long)眼(yan)的(de)(de)肉(rou)水浸液對(dui)子宮頸癌(ai)細胞(bao)有90%以上的(de)(de)抑(yi)制率,比對(dui)照組抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)化(hua)療藥(yao)物(wu)博(bo)萊(lai)霉素要高25%,它幾(ji)乎(hu)與抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)藥(yao)物(wu)長(chang)壽新堿相(xiang)當。在中國第二屆抗(kang)(kang)衰老科學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)會(hui)上,一些(xie)學(xue)者提出龍(long)(long)眼(yan)可能會(hui)成為潛在的(de)(de)具有MAO-B抑(yi)制活性的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)衰老食(shi)品。
【性味】甘、平溫、無毒。
【歸經】入心、脾、胃。
【功效(xiao)】補(bu)心(xin)脾,益氣血,健脾胃,養肌肉。
【主治】思慮傷(shang)脾(pi),頭昏,失眠,心悸怔忡,虛贏,病后或(huo)產后體虛,及由于脾(pi)虛所致之(zhi)下血失血癥。
【禁忌】患有(you)外(wai)感實邪,痰(tan)飲(yin)脹滿者(zhe)勿食龍眼肉。
【說明(ming)】龍眼肉有補心脾、益氣血作用,是(shi)一種比(bi)較(jiao)理(li)想的中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao),但鮮龍眼肉多食卻(que)易(yi)生濕熱(re)及引起口(kou)干,入藥(yao)(yao)治病多用干龍眼,又(you)名桂圓肉。
【選方】
1.龍眼(yan)肉,每日(ri)嚼食30克,治(zhi)心悸怔忡。
2.龍眼肉,蒸熟(shu)每(mei)日食之,食至500多(duo)克(ke)后,即可治愈(yu)心悸怔忡(chong)、失眠、心脾血虛癥(zheng)者(zhe)及大便下血數日不愈(yu)者(zhe)。
3.龍眼肉10克(ke),蓮(lian)子15克(ke),糯米(mi)60克(ke),煮粥每(mei)日早(zao)晚食,治貧(pin)血體弱,心悸失眠,精神不振。
4.龍眼肉10克,花生米(連紅衣)12克,水煎(jian)服,亦治貧血(xue)體弱。
5.龍眼肉、炒酸棗仁(ren)各10克,芡實12克,煮湯睡前飲,治失眠、心悸。
6.龍(long)眼肉干七個,連核一起放火(huo)中煅炭存性(xing),研細末,分四次服,一日兩次,用鍛赭(zhe)石15克煎水送服,治呃逆。
7.龍眼(yan)龍30克配白糖3克,若(ruo)素體多(duo)火者再加入西(xi)洋參(can)片,碗(wan)口(kou)加蓋,每天在飯鍋上蒸(zheng)(zheng),蒸(zheng)(zheng)至百次,便成玉靈膏(亦稱代(dai)參(can)膏)。
凡年老(lao)體(ti)衰(shuai)贏(ying)弱病者,每次(ci)用(yong)開(kai)水送(song)服一匙,大補氣血,力勝(sheng)參芪,產婦(fu)臨(lin)產前服之尤佳。
8.龍眼肉15-30克(ke),大紅棗15克(ke),水適量,同蒸熟食用。治婦女崩漏,貧(pin)血(xue),血(xue)小板減(jian)少。
9.龍眼(yan)干(gan)、大(da)棗、生姜各適量(liang),水煎服,治產(chan)后浮腫。
10.龍眼肉、雞蛋,蒸熟食用(yong),治(zhi)月經不調,產后虛弱。
11.龍眼干14枚,生姜3片(pian),水煎服,治脾虛(xu)泄瀉。
12.歸元仙酒:龍眼肉、當歸適(shi)量,用(yong)40度米酒浸泡半月后,每日(ri)少量飲(yin)之,有(you)養血(xue)益顏之功(gong)效。