楊(yang)梅為(wei)(wei)較耐(nai)寒(han)的(de)常綠果樹(shu),即使天氣(qi)驟寒(han)乍暖(nuan)也無霜凍現象,特別適合(he)亞熱帶海洋性氣(qi)候。喜土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou)、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)松(song)軟(ruan)、排水(shui)良好,富(fu)石礫(li)的(de)黃(huang)礫(li)泥或黃(huang)泥砂土(tu)(tu),pH值4.5~5.5最(zui)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。耐(nai)陰忌曬,要求(qiu)年降雨(yu)量在(zai)1300㎜以上,年均溫15~20℃的(de)氣(qi)候條件。花芽分化期在(zai)20~25℃為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。楊(yang)梅的(de)栽植地(di)(di)應(ying)選擇土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou)的(de)沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)赤紅(hong)壤土(tu)(tu)的(de)山坡地(di)(di),坡向以正南、東(dong)南或西南為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)。金庭的(de)氣(qi)候、水(shui)溫和(he)降雨(yu)量都特別適合(he)楊(yang)梅的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)。
西山楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)夏(xia)至上(shang)市(shi),小暑落市(shi),為初夏(xia)時令佳品。民間有(you)“枇(pi)杷落市(shi),楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)上(shang)街(jie)”,“夏(xia)至楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)滿山紅(hong),小暑楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)要生蟲”的(de)說法。西山楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)人工種植已有(you)1000多年的(de)歷史(shi),最先系野生樹(shu)種,后山林被(bei)砍伐(fa)墾殖,楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)以其果實甜(tian)酸(suan)適口而(er)被(bei)保留下來,經(jing)逐代人工培育(yu),變為家(jia)生,蔚然(ran)成林。楊(yang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樹(shu)喜溫暖、濕潤,畏盛(sheng)夏(xia)烈日直(zhi)射;管理較(jiao)簡(jian)單,施肥及(ji)勻果不普(pu)遍(bian),耐寒,少病蟲害(hai),繁殖多靠嫁(jia)接。壽命較(jiao)長,百年老(lao)樹(shu)隨處可見,枝干(gan)蒼老(lao)遒(qiu)勁,渦動相連,樹(shu)體(ti)高大,四季長青(qing),既(ji)是重(zhong)要的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)果樹(shu),又是優良的(de)觀賞樹(shu)種,堪稱天然(ran)的(de)巨型盆景(jing)。
西(xi)(xi)山種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)歷史(shi)久,覆蓋(gai)廣,產量多。民(min)間(jian)有(you)“東山枇(pi)杷(pa),西(xi)(xi)山楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)”的(de)說法。西(xi)(xi)山楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)多個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):早紅、大(da)(da)葉(xie)細蒂、小葉(xie)細蒂、烏梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、石(shi)家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、綠萌(meng)頭(tou)、荔枝頭(tou)、浪(lang)蕩子(zi)(zi)、螞蟻(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。近幾(ji)年還引進了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——東魁(kui),但數量不(bu)(bu)多。目前,以烏梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和浪(lang)蕩子(zi)(zi)最為(wei)出名(ming)。烏梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)優點(dian)(dian)是果形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)、肉質(zhi)松、汁(zhi)水(shui)多、味(wei)道甜,為(wei)食客們(men)所青睞。其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)為(wei):不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)存放(一(yi)(yi)(yi)般放一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian),最多兩天(tian)),一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦(dan)遇(yu)上(shang)(shang)雨(yu)天(tian),容(rong)易(yi)(yi)落(luo)下,且易(yi)(yi)發霉。浪(lang)蕩子(zi)(zi),果形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)、肉質(zhi)緊、汁(zhi)水(shui)甜,存放時(shi)間(jian)相對(dui)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)般可放三天(tian)),經(jing)得(de)起顛簸(bo)。不(bu)(bu)足(zu)為(wei):不(bu)(bu)到熟(shu)(shu)透期入口甜性差。烏梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)時(shi),黑(hei)得(de)發紫(zi)發亮,為(wei)最佳食期。黑(hei)過(guo)了(le)頭(tou),變得(de)暗淡了(le),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)好吃(chi)了(le)。浪(lang)蕩子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)時(shi)黑(hei)得(de)如鍋(guo),越黑(hei)越甜,其(qi)(qi)價格比烏梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貴得(de)多。最近幾(ji)年已經(jing)遠銷東南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,每顆(ke)計以8元人民(min)幣。這樣一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)好的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),真不(bu)(bu)知它怎么會得(de)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)雅的(de)名(ming)號?值得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)提的(de)是引進的(de)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——東魁(kui)。此品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da),一(yi)(yi)(yi)如乒乓球大(da)(da)小,有(you)香味(wei)濃、汁(zhi)水(shui)多、易(yi)(yi)保管、經(jing)得(de)起顛簸(bo)等(deng)特點(dian)(dian)。楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)最怕(pa)風雨(yu),成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)時(shi),如果遇(yu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場大(da)(da)雨(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣(zhen)狂風的(de)話,就(jiu)全(quan)落(luo)在地上(shang)(shang)了(le)落(luo)在地上(shang)(shang)的(de)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)只能(neng)做楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)干了(le)。楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)具(ju)有(you)舒胃(wei)、通腸的(de)作用。別的(de)水(shui)果,多吃(chi)了(le)會厭倦(juan),但楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)不(bu)(bu)會,吃(chi)了(le)還想吃(chi)。即使一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)吃(chi)得(de)多了(le),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)會吃(chi)壞(huai)肚皮。楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)浸酒,是止腹瀉的(de)良藥(yao)。西(xi)(xi)山楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)以黃家堡、樟(zhang)塢、嶺東一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶為(wei)優。
西山(shan)楊梅品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約計在15個以上,主(zhu)要有大(da)葉(xie)細(xi)(xi)蒂(di)(di)、小葉(xie)細(xi)(xi)蒂(di)(di)、烏(wu)梅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、石家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浪蕩子(zi)等。大(da)葉(xie)細(xi)(xi)蒂(di)(di)樹形(xing)開(kai)放(fang),樹干(gan)粗(cu)壯,枝條彎曲(qu),節(jie)間(jian)較(jiao)短,樹冠(guan)較(jiao)密,葉(xie)形(xing)大(da)、深綠(lv)色,寬披針形(xing),質軟(ruan),果(guo)(guo)形(xing)大(da),深紫紅(hong)色,果(guo)(guo)柄長而細(xi)(xi);小葉(xie)細(xi)(xi)蒂(di)(di)樹姿較(jiao)直立,葉(xie)質較(jiao)硬,果(guo)(guo)形(xing)大(da),深紫紅(hong)色,肉柱(zhu)尖,成(cheng)熟(shu)后圓鈍,大(da)小不勻;烏(wu)梅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),樹性強(qiang)健(jian),枝干(gan)緊密,果(guo)(guo)形(xing)大(da),深紫黑色,果(guo)(guo)柄粗(cu)而短,蒂(di)(di)部有突起(qi)物。
“太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”是由蘇州(zhou)西山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)有限(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)司于(yu)2001年6月經(jing)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)商(shang)標(biao)局(ju)注冊批準的(de)(de)商(shang)標(biao),并(bing)于(yu)2003年、2006年連續(xu)兩(liang)次被工(gong)商(shang)局(ju)評為(wei)江(jiang)蘇省著名(ming)(ming)商(shang)標(biao)。蘇州(zhou)西山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)有限(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)司(下稱“園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)”)是經(jing)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綜合開發(fa)辦批準的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區(qu)(qu),其有限(xian)公(gong)司是他的(de)(de)管理、開發(fa)主體,致力于(yu)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),綠(lv)(lv)色農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。對西山(shan)的(de)(de)傳統農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資源(yuan)進(jin)行開發(fa),整(zheng)合枇杷、楊梅、板栗、銀杏等果品(pin)。為(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),在市(shi)場經(jing)濟中(zhong)走出(chu)一(yi)條新(xin)的(de)(de)道(dao)路,帶領農(nong)(nong)民致富(fu),為(wei)此創立(li)了“太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”------一(yi)個嶄新(xin)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)品(pin)牌(pai)。“太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”商(shang)標(biao)主要在本(ben)單位(wei)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)新(xin)鮮蔬(shu)菜(黃瓜、番茄、彩色甜椒(jiao)等)、水果(枇杷、楊梅、板栗、銀杏、草莓、石(shi)榴等)上使用。生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)綠(lv)(lv)枇杷、楊梅、板栗、銀杏等通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證,市(shi)場供不應(ying)求,已有一(yi)定的(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)度,其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)先后被評為(wei)蘇州(zhou)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),獲得第(di)三屆江(jiang)蘇省特(te)優農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)博覽會最佳產(chan)(chan)品(pin)獎。