一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),是(shi)全(quan)省首個(ge)通過農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)登記(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省地(di)(di)方(fang)優(you)良(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)。它是(shi)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)條件下形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)肉、絨、毛、皮多用(yong)型品(pin)種(zhong)。具有體格大(da)、耐(nai)粗(cu)飼(si)、適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)強、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)、體貌統一、遺傳性(xing)能穩定、肉絨兼用(yong)等特點(dian)。羊(yang)(yang)絨質量高(gao)、光(guang)澤好、強度大(da)、手感(gan)柔軟;肉質色澤鮮(xian)紅、細嫩、味(wei)道(dao)鮮(xian)美(mei)、膻味(wei)小,是(shi)理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)蛋白、低(di)脂肪、富含(han)多種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)保健食(shi)品(pin)。將屠宰洗凈后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)帶骨分割,把切碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉塊、頭(tou)、蹄、內臟一同下鍋,放以蔥、姜、食(shi)鹽(yan)、花椒(jiao)等,用(yong)木柴煮熟,這就(jiu)是(shi)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)”多次被評為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省名(ming)(ming)小吃(chi)、淄博市(shi)名(ming)(ming)小吃(chi),入(ru)口(kou)時佐以醋、香菜,肉味(wei)鮮(xian)美(mei)、適(shi)(shi)口(kou),百吃(chi)不厭。“大(da)鍋全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)”是(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)招待客人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)禮(li)節(jie)。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)生(sheng)態高(gao)地(di)(di),境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起(qi)伏,溝壑(he)縱橫,河流眾多,水質pH在7.9-8.2之間,礦化度在116-508毫克/升之間,生(sheng)態環境獨(du)特,為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)最(zui)佳生(sheng)存環境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草食(shi)家畜(chu)(chu)(chu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)放牧成為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi),特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)養(yang)造就(jiu)了(le)(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)具有抗病耐(nai)粗(cu)、適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)強、體質健壯(zhuang)、善攀登、善運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特有品(pin)質。老(lao)百姓自豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我們養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜(chu)(chu)(chu)“吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)百草丹,喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)水,住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)別墅,當然(ran)牲畜(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質就(jiu)是(shi)比其他地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棒”。養(yang)殖業(ye)是(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二(er)大(da)產(chan)(chan)業(ye),其中沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)年(nian)存欄13萬(wan)只(zhi)左右,占養(yang)殖業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以上。改革開(kai)放以來,沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣加(jia)大(da)了(le)(le)對沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)純復(fu)壯(zhuang)選育(yu)(yu)力(li)度,1984年(nian)被列(lie)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省科技攻關項目,并開(kai)始大(da)規模專心選育(yu)(yu),取(qu)得了(le)(le)豐碩成果(guo),研究成果(guo)載入(ru)《中國(guo)技術(shu)成果(guo)大(da)全(quan)》。2009年(nian),被國(guo)家農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)登記(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)保護產(chan)(chan)品(pin),是(shi)全(quan)省第一個(ge)地(di)(di)標畜(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。為(wei)(wei)加(jia)快沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)牌化、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化發展(zhan),組建(jian)了(le)(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)工程技術(shu)研究中心和沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)原(yuan)種(zhong)場,對黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)進一步提(ti)(ti)純復(fu)壯(zhuang),建(jian)成沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)(yu)示范基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)10處(chu),新建(jian)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)擴繁(fan)場1處(chu)。2013年(nian),全(quan)國(guo)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧總站將沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)列(lie)入(ru)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽種(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護項目,納(na)入(ru)全(quan)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)活(huo)體基(ji)(ji)因(yin)庫,為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)選育(yu)(yu)推廣奠定了(le)(le)堅實(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1、土壤地(di)貌(mao)情況;土壤類型(xing)為棕壤、褐土、潮土三大(da)類,地(di)形(xing)復雜,適宜多種(zhong)動植(zhi)物的(de)生長。地(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)較多,主要有中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)、低山(shan)(shan)、丘(qiu)陵和山(shan)(shan)前傾(qing)斜平地(di)。
2、水文情況:沂源縣(xian)地勢高,無客水過境。沂河、彌河、汶河均發(fa)源于境內(nei),形成3條水系,以沂河水系最大。境內(nei)有(you)大小河流1530條,其中沂河流經(jing)山東、江蘇8縣(xian)市,沂源境內(nei)全(quan)長84.6公里。全(quan)縣(xian)水資(zi)源總(zong)量8.1億(yi)立方米,且水質好,pH在(zai)(zai)7.9-8.2之(zhi)間,礦化度(du)在(zai)(zai)116-508毫克(ke)/升之(zhi)間,總(zong)硬度(du)在(zai)(zai)3.3-10.8度(du)之(zhi)間,適于人畜飲用。縣(xian)域內(nei)工業(ye)企業(ye)廢水均達標排放(fang)。
3、氣候情況:沂源縣屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)風區域大陸(lu)性(xing)半(ban)濕潤(run)氣候,四(si)季(ji)分明,年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)11.9℃,無(wu)霜期189天,平均日照時數2660.6小時,年(nian)平均降雨(yu)量720.8毫米。光能資(zi)源居全省之首,光照百分率(lv)為全國之冠。
4、人文歷史情況:養羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產是(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)源(yuan)人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)傳統產業(ye),沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)縣(xian)固(gu)有(you)優勢畜(chu)種,是(shi)(shi)(shi)當地(di)農民(min)收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要來源(yuan)。據調查,當地(di)用群羊(yang)(yang)臥地(di)肥(fei)田,喜(xi)食大(da)(da)鍋全羊(yang)(yang)和利用板皮制作裘衣御寒(han)的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗,是(shi)(shi)(shi)該(gai)品(pin)種形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)。該(gai)品(pin)種具有(you)抗病耐粗、適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)強、體(ti)質(zhi)健壯(zhuang)、善攀登、適(shi)宜山(shan)區放牧的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing),可終年(nian)(nian)放牧。1979年(nian)(nian)沂(yi)源(yuan)縣(xian)組織對沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行調查,1980年(nian)(nian)縣(xian)科委立(li)項開(kai)始對沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行選育(yu)。在1983年(nian)(nian)階(jie)段性(xing)鑒定基礎上,1984年(nian)(nian)被列為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)攻關項目(mu),開(kai)始大(da)(da)規模(mo)選育(yu),課題研究以本品(pin)種選育(yu)提高生(sheng)產性(xing)能(neng)為(wei)主線(xian),對選育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術及(ji)相關條(tiao)件進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行了全方(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)索,取(qu)得了突(tu)破(po)性(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展,選育(yu)出了體(ti)格大(da)(da)、耐粗飼、適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)強、生(sheng)產性(xing)能(neng)高、體(ti)形體(ti)貌統一、遺(yi)傳性(xing)能(neng)穩定的(de)(de)(de)肉、絨兼(jian)用的(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),課題研究成(cheng)果獲山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步三等(deng)獎(jiang)(jiang),淄博市科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步一等(deng)獎(jiang)(jiang),載入(ru)《中(zhong)國技(ji)(ji)術成(cheng)果大(da)(da)全》。
三.地域范圍
沂源黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)分布在(zai)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省中(zhong)部沂蒙山(shan)(shan)腹地的沂源縣境內的南麻(ma)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、魯村鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、徐家(jia)莊鄉、大(da)張(zhang)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、燕崖(ya)鄉、中(zhong)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西里鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)里鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)家(jia)坡(po)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石橋鄉、悅(yue)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和三(san)岔鄉等13個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),是山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省海拔最(zui)高的地方,有“山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)屋脊(ji)”之稱(cheng)。現有沂源黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)35萬余只。地理位置(zhi):地處東(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°54′-118°31′,北緯35°55′-36°23′,海拔400-700米。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外在感官特(te)征:沂蒙黑山羊羊肉肉質(zhi)細嫩,味美(mei)多(duo)汁,膻味小,食用時味香而(er)不膩口。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標:沂(yi)(yi)蒙黑山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)營養(yang)豐富且羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)柔軟易(yi)于(yu)消化。與不同(tong)類(lei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)含(han)相比蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量高(gao)且脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量低。鈣(gai)含(han)量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)1.2g/100g,沂(yi)(yi)蒙黑山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)3.2g/100g;鐵含(han)量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)2.3mg/kg,沂(yi)(yi)蒙羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)10.0mg/kg;脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)4g/100g,沂(yi)(yi)蒙羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)2.82g/100g;蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)18g/100g,沂(yi)(yi)蒙羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)20.9g/100g.是(shi)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)食中(zhong)的佳(jia)品(pin),在國際市(shi)場上(shang)有一定聲譽。
3、安(an)全要求:明確登記產品(pin)市場準(zhun)入所遵循的國(guo)家強制性技術(shu)規范名稱、具體(ti)內容和(he)相關(guan)法律法規規定。中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)國(guo)家標準(zhun)GB9961-2001《鮮凍(dong)胴體(ti)羊(yang)肉》和(he) 中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)農(nong)業行業標準(zhun)NY5147-2002《無公害食(shi)品(pin)羊(yang)肉》。
五.特定生(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi)
1、產地(di)選擇與特(te)殊內(nei)容規定:沂(yi)(yi)源縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)山(shan)巒起伏,溝(gou)壑(he)縱橫,氣候(hou)溫和,雨量充沛,林木茂密,飼料飼草(cao)資源豐富。沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊善攀登、不耐舍飼,以常(chang)年放牧自(zi)由采(cai)食為(wei)(wei)主。沂(yi)(yi)源縣(xian)獨特(te)的地(di)質地(di)貌、氣候(hou)條件和飼料飼草(cao)資源為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊的發展提供了廣(guang)闊的前(qian)景。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定(ding)要求:沂源縣重視(shi)沂蒙黑山羊的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),對該品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)以本品種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主。高(gao)性能(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)羊存(cun)欄多,農(nong)民(min)重視(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),堅持自繁自養,不近親(qin)雜交,確保了本品種(zhong)(zhong)特有遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)的(de)穩定(ding)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程管(guan)理,包括農業投入品方(fang)面的(de)特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding):飼(si)草飼(si)料:以天(tian)然飼(si)草為主,僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)大雪封地(di)不(bu)能進山時(shi),酌情補(bu)飼(si)。每(mei)只(zhi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)年需(xu)天(tian)然草場5畝左(zuo)右,每(mei)天(tian)采(cai)食量相當于羊(yang)(yang)(yang)自身體重的(de)10%左(zuo)右。一般不(bu)補(bu)精料,只(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)產后(hou)、公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)種(zhong)期(qi)需(xu)補(bu)部分(fen)精料。飲水(shui)(shui):山泉水(shui)(shui)、河水(shui)(shui)或自來水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質符(fu)合(he)(he)NY5027的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)苗和使用(yong)(yong):按免疫(yi)程序(xu)嚴格(ge)進行(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)動物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)免疫(yi),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群的(de)免疫(yi)符(fu)合(he)(he)NY5149的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding);防疫(yi)器械在(zai)(zai)免疫(yi)前后(hou)知(zhi)徹(che)底(di)(di)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。獸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和使用(yong)(yong):治(zhi)(zhi)療使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)時(shi),應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)NY5148的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。后(hou)期(qi)使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)療時(shi),應(ying)根(gen)據所用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)執(zhi)行(xing)休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)。發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)疾病(bing)(bing)的(de)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)療時(shi),在(zai)(zai)治(zhi)(zhi)療期(qi)或達不(bu)到休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)的(de)不(bu)應(ying)作為食用(yong)(yong)淘汰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)售。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)管(guan)理:選(xuan)擇高效(xiao)、安全(quan)的(de)抗寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蟲(chong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)進行(xing)驅蟲(chong)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)浴。滅鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)、滅蚊蠅:定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)點投入滅鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),及(ji)時(shi)收集死鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)及(ji)殘余鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),并做(zuo)深埋處理。消(xiao)(xiao)除(chu)水(shui)(shui)坑等(deng)(deng)蚊蠅孽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)噴灑(sa)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du):選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)NY5148的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍周圍環境定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)用(yong)(yong)2%火堿或撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。每(mei)批羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)出(chu)欄后(hou),要徹(che)底(di)(di)清(qing)掃羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)噴霧、火焰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)對分(fen)娩(mian)欄、補(bu)料槽(cao)等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)進行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)進行(xing)帶羊(yang)(yang)(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du),減少環境中(zhong)的(de)病(bing)(bing)原微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)。疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)監(jian)測:畜牧獸醫(yi)部門(men)依(yi)照(zhao)《動物(wu)防疫(yi)法》制定(ding)(ding)(ding)監(jian)測方(fang)案(an),并組織(zhi)實施。病(bing)(bing)死羊(yang)(yang)(yang)處理:對可疑病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)隔離觀察、確診(zhen)。有使用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)的(de)病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)隔離、治(zhi)(zhi)療,徹(che)底(di)(di)治(zhi)(zhi)愈后(hou),才能歸群。因(yin)傳(chuan)染病(bing)(bing)和其(qi)他(ta)需(xu)要處死的(de)病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),應(ying)在(zai)(zai)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)點撲殺,尸體進行(xing)無害化處理。
4、產品收獲、屠宰、捕(bu)撈(lao)及(ji)產后處(chu)理的規定:屠宰加工:放血(xue)(xue)要完(wan)全(quan);剝皮、去頭、蹄、內臟(腎(shen)臟除外)、大(da)血(xue)(xue)管、乳房、生(sheng)殖器(qi);去三腺;修割整齊,沖洗(xi)干(gan)凈,無(wu)病變組織、無(wu)傷(shang)斑(ban)、無(wu)殘留(liu)小(xiao)片皮、無(wu)浮行(xing)、無(wu)糞污、無(wu)膽污、泥污和血(xue)(xue)凝塊(kuai)。
5、生(sheng)產記錄要(yao)求(qiu):生(sheng)產記錄包括羊(yang)只來源、配種、產羔、哺乳(ru)、斷奶、增重、疫(yi)病(bing)防治(zhi)、出售等,上(shang)述資料最(zui)少保留三年。
六.包(bao)裝(zhuang)標識相關(guan)規定
(1)分級(ji)(ji)(ji):鮮、凍(dong)胴體(ti)羊肉(rou)分為:一級(ji)(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)(ji)和三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)。一級(ji)(ji)(ji):外觀及肉(rou)質肌肉(rou)豐滿。骨(gu)(gu)骼不突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(小尾羊肩(jian)隆(long)部(bu)(bu)之脊椎(zhui)骨(gu)(gu)尖(jian)(jian)稍(shao)(shao)突(tu)出(chu)(chu))。二級(ji)(ji)(ji):皮下脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)布滿全身(shen)(脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)層(ceng)較薄),臀(tun)部(bu)(bu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)豐滿肌肉(rou)發育(yu)良好。除肩(jian)隆(long)部(bu)(bu)及頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)脊椎(zhui)骨(gu)(gu)尖(jian)(jian)稍(shao)(shao)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)外,其他部(bu)(bu)位骨(gu)(gu)骼均不突(tu)出(chu)(chu)。三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji):皮下脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)布滿全身(shen),肩(jian)頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)層(ceng)較薄肌肉(rou)發育(yu)一般(ban)。骨(gu)(gu)骼稍(shao)(shao)顯突(tu)出(chu)(chu),胴體(ti)表(biao)面帶有薄層(ceng)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang),肩(jian)部(bu)(bu)、頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)、薦(jian)部(bu)(bu)及臀(tun)部(bu)(bu)肌膜突(tu)出(chu)(chu)。
2、包裝(zhuang):包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)應符合GB11680和GB9687的規定。包裝(zhuang)物使(shi)用無毒(du)油墨印(yin)刷。標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人應在其(qi)產(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上統一(yi)使(shi)用農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(‘沂源黑(hei)山羊’名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型(xing)式)。
3、標識:在每(mei)只羊(yang)胴體的(de)臀部加蓋檢疫檢驗(yan)驗(yan)訖和(he)等級(ji)印(yin)戳(chuo),字跡應(ying)清晰(xi),印(yin)色用食品(pin)(pin)級(ji)色素配制。銷售和(he)運輸包裝物應(ying)標注沂源黑山(shan)羊(yang)標志,并標明(ming)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱、數量、產(chan)地、包裝日期、生產(chan)單位、保質期、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量、執行標準(zhun)代號等級(ji)等內容。不符合本(ben)標準(zhun)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),其產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱不得使用含有“沂源黑山(shan)羊(yang)”(包括連續或(huo)斷(duan)開)的(de)名(ming)稱。
4、貯存:冷(leng)卻羊肉應吊掛(gua)在(zai)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)75-84%,溫(wen)度(du)0-1℃的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻間,肉體(ti)之間的(de)(de)距(ju)離保持3-5cm。冷(leng)凍羊肉應吊掛(gua)在(zai)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)95-100%,溫(wen)度(du)-18℃的(de)(de)冷(leng)藏間,冷(leng)藏間溫(wen)度(du)一晝夜升降幅度(du)不(bu)得超過1℃。
5、運輸(shu):公路、水路運輸(shu)應使用符合衛生要求的冷藏車(船)或保溫(wen)車,鐵(tie)路運輸(shu)按國家(jia)有關(guan)規(gui)定執行。