一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)省(sheng)首個(ge)通過(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志登(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)地(di)方(fang)(fang)優良(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)種(zhong)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然條件(jian)下形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)肉(rou)、絨、毛、皮多用型(xing)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。具有體(ti)(ti)格(ge)大(da)、耐粗(cu)飼、適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)(gao)、體(ti)(ti)貌統一、遺傳性(xing)能穩定(ding)、肉(rou)絨兼用等特(te)點(dian)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量高(gao)(gao)、光(guang)澤(ze)好、強(qiang)(qiang)度大(da)、手感柔軟(ruan);肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色澤(ze)鮮(xian)紅、細嫩、味(wei)(wei)道鮮(xian)美、膻(shan)味(wei)(wei)小,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)蛋白、低脂肪、富含(han)多種(zhong)氨基酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。將屠宰洗凈后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)帶骨分割,把(ba)切碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)塊、頭(tou)、蹄、內(nei)(nei)臟一同下鍋(guo),放(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)蔥、姜、食(shi)鹽、花(hua)椒等,用木柴煮熟,這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”多次被評為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)名(ming)小吃(chi)(chi)、淄(zi)博市名(ming)小吃(chi)(chi),入(ru)口時佐以(yi)(yi)醋(cu)、香菜,肉(rou)味(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)美、適(shi)口,百(bai)吃(chi)(chi)不厭(yan)。“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)招(zhao)待客人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)禮節。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)縣(xian),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)生(sheng)態高(gao)(gao)地(di),境內(nei)(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝壑縱橫,河(he)流眾多,水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)pH在(zai)7.9-8.2之間(jian),礦化度在(zai)116-508毫克/升(sheng)之間(jian),生(sheng)態環境獨特(te),為(wei)(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提(ti)(ti)供了最(zui)佳(jia)生(sheng)存(cun)環境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草食(shi)家(jia)畜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)放(fang)(fang)牧成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)式,特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)造就(jiu)了沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有抗病耐粗(cu)、適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)、體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)健(jian)壯、善攀登(deng)、善運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。老百(bai)姓自豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我們養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜“吃(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)草丹,喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泉水(shui),住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別墅,當然牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比其(qi)(qi)他(ta)地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棒”。養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二大(da)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年(nian)(nian)存(cun)欄13萬只左右(you),占養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以(yi)(yi)上。改革開放(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)加大(da)了對沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)純復(fu)壯選(xuan)(xuan)育力度,1984年(nian)(nian)被列為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)科技攻關項(xiang)目(mu),并開始大(da)規模專心選(xuan)(xuan)育,取(qu)得了豐碩(shuo)成(cheng)果(guo),研究(jiu)成(cheng)果(guo)載(zai)入(ru)《中(zhong)國技術(shu)成(cheng)果(guo)大(da)全(quan)》。2009年(nian)(nian),被國家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部登(deng)記為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志保(bao)(bao)護(hu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)省(sheng)第一個(ge)地(di)標(biao)畜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)加快沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌化、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化發展,組(zu)建(jian)(jian)了沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工程技術(shu)研究(jiu)中(zhong)心和沂(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原種(zhong)場,對黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)一步提(ti)(ti)純復(fu)壯,建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)種(zhong)繁育示范基地(di)10處,新(xin)建(jian)(jian)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)擴繁場1處。2013年(nian)(nian),全(quan)國畜牧總站將沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列入(ru)畜禽種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu),納(na)入(ru)全(quan)國山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活體(ti)(ti)基因(yin)庫(ku),為(wei)(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)選(xuan)(xuan)育推廣奠(dian)定(ding)了堅實基礎。
二(er).自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型為棕壤(rang)、褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)三大類,地(di)形復(fu)雜,適宜(yi)多種動植物的生長。地(di)貌類型較多,主要有中山(shan)、低山(shan)、丘陵和山(shan)前傾(qing)斜平(ping)地(di)。
2、水(shui)文情況:沂源(yuan)縣地勢高(gao),無客水(shui)過境(jing)。沂河(he)、彌河(he)、汶(wen)河(he)均(jun)發源(yuan)于境(jing)內(nei)(nei),形(xing)成3條水(shui)系(xi),以沂河(he)水(shui)系(xi)最大。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有大小河(he)流(liu)1530條,其中沂河(he)流(liu)經山東、江(jiang)蘇8縣市(shi),沂源(yuan)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)全長84.6公里。全縣水(shui)資源(yuan)總量8.1億(yi)立方米,且水(shui)質好,pH在7.9-8.2之(zhi)間(jian),礦化度在116-508毫克(ke)/升(sheng)之(zhi)間(jian),總硬度在3.3-10.8度之(zhi)間(jian),適于人畜飲(yin)用。縣域內(nei)(nei)工業企業廢水(shui)均(jun)達標排放。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:沂源縣屬暖溫(wen)帶季風區域(yu)大(da)陸性(xing)半濕潤氣(qi)候(hou),四季分明,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)11.9℃,無霜期(qi)189天,平(ping)均日照時(shi)數2660.6小時(shi),年平(ping)均降雨(yu)量720.8毫米。光能資源居全省(sheng)之首,光照百(bai)分率為全國之冠。
4、人(ren)文歷史情況:養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)生產是沂(yi)源人(ren)民(min)的傳統產業(ye),沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是我縣(xian)固有優勢畜種(zhong),是當地農民(min)收(shou)入(ru)的重要來源。據調查(cha),當地用(yong)群(qun)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)臥(wo)地肥田(tian),喜食大(da)(da)(da)鍋全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)和利用(yong)板皮制(zhi)作裘衣御寒的習俗,是該品種(zhong)形(xing)成的因(yin)素。該品種(zhong)具有抗病耐(nai)粗(cu)、適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)強、體(ti)質健(jian)壯、善(shan)攀登、適(shi)宜山(shan)(shan)區放牧的特性(xing)(xing),可終年放牧。1979年沂(yi)源縣(xian)組織對(dui)(dui)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的狀況進行調查(cha),1980年縣(xian)科(ke)委(wei)立項開(kai)(kai)始(shi)對(dui)(dui)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)進行選育。在1983年階(jie)段性(xing)(xing)鑒(jian)定基礎上,1984年被(bei)列(lie)為山(shan)(shan)東省科(ke)技(ji)攻(gong)關項目,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模選育,課題研究以本品種(zhong)選育提高生產性(xing)(xing)能為主(zhu)線,對(dui)(dui)選育技(ji)術及相(xiang)關條(tiao)件進行了(le)(le)全(quan)方位的探(tan)索,取(qu)得了(le)(le)突破性(xing)(xing)進展,選育出了(le)(le)體(ti)格(ge)大(da)(da)(da)、耐(nai)粗(cu)飼、適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)強、生產性(xing)(xing)能高、體(ti)形(xing)體(ti)貌(mao)統一、遺傳性(xing)(xing)能穩定的肉(rou)、絨兼用(yong)的沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),課題研究成果獲(huo)山(shan)(shan)東省科(ke)技(ji)進步(bu)三等獎(jiang),淄博市科(ke)技(ji)進步(bu)一等獎(jiang),載入(ru)《中國技(ji)術成果大(da)(da)(da)全(quan)》。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)源黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)分布(bu)在山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省中(zhong)部(bu)沂(yi)蒙山(shan)(shan)腹地的沂(yi)源縣境內的南麻鎮(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)、魯(lu)村鎮(zhen)、徐家莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大張莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、燕崖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、中(zhong)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)、西(xi)里(li)鎮(zhen)、東(dong)里(li)鎮(zhen)、張家坡鎮(zhen)、石(shi)橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、悅莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)和三岔鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),是山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省海拔最(zui)高的地方,有“山(shan)(shan)東(dong)屋(wu)脊”之(zhi)稱。現(xian)有沂(yi)源黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)35萬余只。地理位(wei)置:地處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)117°54′-118°31′,北緯35°55′-36°23′,海拔400-700米。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感官特征:沂蒙黑(hei)山羊羊肉肉質細嫩,味(wei)美多(duo)汁,膻味(wei)小,食用時味(wei)香而不膩口。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:沂(yi)蒙(meng)黑山羊(yang)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)營養(yang)豐富(fu)且(qie)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)柔軟易(yi)于消化。與不同(tong)類羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)含相比蛋白質(zhi)含量高且(qie)脂肪(fang)含量低。鈣含量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)1.2g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)黑山羊(yang)為(wei)(wei)3.2g/100g;鐵(tie)含量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)2.3mg/kg,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)10.0mg/kg;脂肪(fang)含量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)4g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)2.82g/100g;蛋白質(zhi)含量普(pu)通(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)18g/100g,沂(yi)蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)20.9g/100g.是肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)食中的佳品,在國(guo)際市場上有(you)一定(ding)聲(sheng)譽。
3、安全要求(qiu):明確登記產品市場準入所遵循(xun)的(de)國家(jia)強制(zhi)性技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范名(ming)稱、具體(ti)內容(rong)和(he)相關(guan)法律法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)。中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)(gong)和(he)國國家(jia)標準GB9961-2001《鮮凍胴體(ti)羊肉》和(he) 中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)(gong)和(he)國農業行業標準NY5147-2002《無公害食(shi)品羊肉》。
五.特定生(sheng)產(chan)方式
1、產地(di)選擇與特殊內容規(gui)定:沂(yi)源縣境內山(shan)巒起伏(fu),溝壑縱(zong)橫,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)(he),雨量充沛(pei),林木茂密,飼料飼草資(zi)源豐富。沂(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊善攀登、不耐舍飼,以(yi)常年放牧自(zi)由采食(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)。沂(yi)源縣獨特的(de)地(di)質地(di)貌(mao)、氣候(hou)條(tiao)件和(he)(he)飼料飼草資(zi)源為(wei)沂(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊的(de)發(fa)展提供(gong)了(le)廣闊(kuo)的(de)前景(jing)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特定(ding)(ding)要求:沂源縣(xian)重視(shi)沂蒙黑山羊的品(pin)種(zhong)選育(yu),對該品(pin)種(zhong)選育(yu)以(yi)本品(pin)種(zhong)為主。高性能(neng)種(zhong)公羊存(cun)欄(lan)多,農民重視(shi)選種(zhong)選育(yu),堅持自繁自養,不近(jin)親雜交,確保了本品(pin)種(zhong)特有(you)遺傳性能(neng)的穩定(ding)(ding)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理,包括(kuo)農業(ye)投入(ru)品方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)特殊使用(yong)規(gui)定(ding):飼(si)(si)草(cao)飼(si)(si)料(liao):以天然(ran)飼(si)(si)草(cao)為主,僅在(zai)(zai)大(da)雪(xue)封地不能進山時(shi),酌情補飼(si)(si)。每只羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每年需天然(ran)草(cao)場5畝(mu)左右(you),每天采食量相當于羊(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)身體重的(de)(de)(de)10%左右(you)。一般不補精料(liao),只是在(zai)(zai)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)產后(hou)(hou)、公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)配種期(qi)需補部(bu)分(fen)精料(liao)。飲水(shui):山泉水(shui)、河水(shui)或自(zi)來水(shui),水(shui)質符合(he)NY5027的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。疫(yi)苗和(he)(he)使用(yong):按(an)免疫(yi)程序嚴格(ge)進行規(gui)定(ding)動物(wu)(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)免疫(yi),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi)符合(he)NY5149的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding);防(fang)疫(yi)器械在(zai)(zai)免疫(yi)前后(hou)(hou)知徹底(di)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。獸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)使用(yong):治(zhi)療(liao)使用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)時(shi),應符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。后(hou)(hou)期(qi)使用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)療(liao)時(shi),應根(gen)據所(suo)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)執行休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)。發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)療(liao)時(shi),在(zai)(zai)治(zhi)療(liao)期(qi)或達不到休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)不應作(zuo)為食用(yong)淘汰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出(chu)售。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只管理:選(xuan)擇(ze)高效、安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)抗寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蟲(chong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)期(qi)對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只進行驅蟲(chong)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)浴。滅(mie)鼠(shu)、滅(mie)蚊蠅(ying):定(ding)期(qi)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)投入(ru)滅(mie)鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),及時(shi)收集死鼠(shu)及殘(can)余鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),并做(zuo)深埋(mai)處理。消(xiao)(xiao)除水(shui)坑等蚊蠅(ying)孽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地,定(ding)期(qi)噴灑消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du):選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)應符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍周圍環境定(ding)期(qi)用(yong)2%火堿或撒(sa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石灰(hui)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。每批羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只出(chu)欄后(hou)(hou),要徹底(di)清掃羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍,采用(yong)噴霧、火焰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。定(ding)期(qi)對分(fen)娩欄、補料(liao)槽等用(yong)具進行消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。定(ding)期(qi)進行帶羊(yang)(yang)(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du),減(jian)少(shao)環境中的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)。疫(yi)病(bing)監測(ce):畜牧獸醫(yi)部(bu)門依照(zhao)《動物(wu)(wu)防(fang)疫(yi)法(fa)》制(zhi)定(ding)監測(ce)方(fang)(fang)案(an),并組織實施。病(bing)死羊(yang)(yang)(yang)處理:對可疑病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應隔離觀(guan)察、確診。有使用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應隔離、治(zhi)療(liao),徹底(di)治(zhi)愈后(hou)(hou),才能歸群(qun)。因傳染病(bing)和(he)(he)其他需要處死的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),應在(zai)(zai)指定(ding)地點(dian)(dian)撲殺,尸體進行無(wu)害化處理。
4、產品收獲、屠(tu)宰、捕撈及產后處(chu)理的規定:屠(tu)宰加工:放血要(yao)完全;剝皮(pi)、去頭、蹄、內臟(zang)(zang)(腎臟(zang)(zang)除外)、大(da)血管、乳房、生殖器;去三腺;修割整齊,沖洗干凈,無(wu)病(bing)變組(zu)織、無(wu)傷斑、無(wu)殘(can)留小(xiao)片(pian)皮(pi)、無(wu)浮行、無(wu)糞污、無(wu)膽(dan)污、泥污和血凝塊。
5、生(sheng)產記錄(lu)要求:生(sheng)產記錄(lu)包括(kuo)羊只(zhi)來(lai)源(yuan)、配種、產羔、哺乳、斷(duan)奶、增重(zhong)、疫病(bing)防治(zhi)、出售等,上(shang)述資(zi)料最少保留三年。
六.包(bao)裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
(1)分級(ji)(ji):鮮(xian)、凍(dong)胴體羊(yang)肉(rou)分為:一(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)和(he)三(san)級(ji)(ji)。一(yi)級(ji)(ji):外(wai)觀及(ji)肉(rou)質(zhi)肌肉(rou)豐滿。骨(gu)骼(ge)不突(tu)(tu)出(chu)(小(xiao)尾羊(yang)肩(jian)隆部(bu)(bu)之脊(ji)椎骨(gu)尖稍突(tu)(tu)出(chu))。二級(ji)(ji):皮(pi)下脂肪(fang)布(bu)滿全身(脂肪(fang)層(ceng)較(jiao)薄),臀部(bu)(bu)脂肪(fang)豐滿肌肉(rou)發(fa)育良好(hao)。除肩(jian)隆部(bu)(bu)及(ji)頸部(bu)(bu)脊(ji)椎骨(gu)尖稍突(tu)(tu)出(chu)外(wai),其他部(bu)(bu)位骨(gu)骼(ge)均不突(tu)(tu)出(chu)。三(san)級(ji)(ji):皮(pi)下脂肪(fang)布(bu)滿全身,肩(jian)頸部(bu)(bu)脂肪(fang)層(ceng)較(jiao)薄肌肉(rou)發(fa)育一(yi)般(ban)。骨(gu)骼(ge)稍顯(xian)突(tu)(tu)出(chu),胴體表面(mian)帶有薄層(ceng)脂肪(fang),肩(jian)部(bu)(bu)、頸部(bu)(bu)、薦部(bu)(bu)及(ji)臀部(bu)(bu)肌膜突(tu)(tu)出(chu)。
2、包裝(zhuang):包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)應符合GB11680和GB9687的規定。包裝(zhuang)物使用無毒(du)油墨印刷。標(biao)志(zhi)使用人應在其(qi)產品(pin)或(huo)包裝(zhuang)上統一使用農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(‘沂源(yuan)黑山羊(yang)’名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注(zhu)型式(shi))。
3、標(biao)(biao)識:在每只羊胴(dong)體的臀部加蓋檢疫檢驗(yan)驗(yan)訖和等級印戳,字(zi)跡應清(qing)晰,印色用(yong)食品(pin)(pin)級色素配(pei)制。銷售和運(yun)輸包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物應標(biao)(biao)注沂(yi)源黑山羊標(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)明(ming)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)地、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期(qi)、生產(chan)(chan)單位、保質期(qi)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)、執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)代號等級等內容(rong)。不符合本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱不得(de)使用(yong)含有“沂(yi)源黑山羊”(包括連續(xu)或斷開)的名稱。
4、貯存(cun):冷(leng)卻羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)應吊掛在(zai)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)75-84%,溫(wen)度(du)(du)0-1℃的(de)冷(leng)卻間(jian),肉(rou)(rou)體之間(jian)的(de)距(ju)離保持3-5cm。冷(leng)凍(dong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)應吊掛在(zai)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)95-100%,溫(wen)度(du)(du)-18℃的(de)冷(leng)藏間(jian),冷(leng)藏間(jian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)一晝夜升降幅度(du)(du)不得超過1℃。
5、運輸:公(gong)路(lu)、水(shui)路(lu)運輸應使用符合衛生要求的冷藏車(che)(船)或保溫車(che),鐵路(lu)運輸按國家有關規定執行。