一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)省首個通過(guo)農(nong)業部農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)登(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省地(di)方優良山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良種(zhong)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區特(te)(te)(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)條件下形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個肉(rou)、絨、毛、皮多(duo)用型(xing)品種(zhong)。具有(you)體格大(da)(da)、耐粗飼(si)、適(shi)應性強、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性能(neng)高(gao)(gao)、體貌統(tong)(tong)一(yi)、遺傳性能(neng)穩定(ding)、肉(rou)絨兼用等特(te)(te)(te)點。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨質(zhi)量高(gao)(gao)、光澤(ze)(ze)好、強度(du)大(da)(da)、手感柔軟;肉(rou)質(zhi)色澤(ze)(ze)鮮紅(hong)、細嫩、味(wei)道鮮美、膻味(wei)小,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)蛋(dan)白、低脂肪、富(fu)含多(duo)種(zhong)氨基酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)保健食品。將屠宰洗(xi)凈后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)帶(dai)骨分割(ge),把切(qie)碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)塊(kuai)、頭、蹄、內(nei)臟一(yi)同下鍋(guo),放以(yi)蔥(cong)、姜、食鹽(yan)、花椒(jiao)等,用木(mu)柴煮熟,這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”多(duo)次(ci)被評為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省名小吃(chi)、淄博市名小吃(chi),入口(kou)時(shi)佐以(yi)醋、香(xiang)菜,肉(rou)味(wei)鮮美、適(shi)口(kou),百(bai)吃(chi)不厭。“大(da)(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)招待客(ke)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)禮節(jie)。沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區縣(xian),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)生態高(gao)(gao)地(di),境(jing)內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,溝壑(he)縱橫,河流眾多(duo),水(shui)質(zhi)pH在7.9-8.2之間(jian),礦化(hua)(hua)度(du)在116-508毫克/升之間(jian),生態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)獨特(te)(te)(te),為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)了(le)最(zui)佳(jia)生存環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)食家畜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區放牧(mu)成(cheng)為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式(shi),特(te)(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)養(yang)造就(jiu)了(le)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有(you)抗病耐粗、適(shi)應性強、體質(zhi)健壯(zhuang)、善攀(pan)登(deng)、善運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)有(you)品質(zhi)。老百(bai)姓自豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我們養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜“吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)草(cao)丹,喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泉水(shui),住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別墅,當然(ran)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比其他(ta)地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棒”。養(yang)殖業是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,其中沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年存欄13萬只左右(you),占(zhan)養(yang)殖業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以(yi)上(shang)。改(gai)革開放以(yi)來(lai),沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)加(jia)大(da)(da)了(le)對沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)純(chun)(chun)復(fu)壯(zhuang)選育(yu)力度(du),1984年被列(lie)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省科技(ji)攻關項目,并開始(shi)大(da)(da)規(gui)模專心(xin)選育(yu),取(qu)得了(le)豐(feng)碩成(cheng)果,研(yan)究成(cheng)果載入《中國(guo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果大(da)(da)全(quan)(quan)》。2009年,被國(guo)家農(nong)業部登(deng)記為(wei)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保護產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)省第一(yi)個地(di)標(biao)畜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品。為(wei)加(jia)快(kuai)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品牌化(hua)(hua)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)發展,組建了(le)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)究中心(xin)和沂(yi)(yi)蒙黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原種(zhong)場(chang),對黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)純(chun)(chun)復(fu)壯(zhuang),建成(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良種(zhong)繁育(yu)示范(fan)基地(di)10處(chu),新建沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)擴繁場(chang)1處(chu)。2013年,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)畜牧(mu)總站將沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入畜禽種(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護項目,納入全(quan)(quan)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活體基因庫,為(wei)沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)選育(yu)推廣(guang)奠定(ding)了(le)堅實(shi)基礎。
二.自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地(di)貌情況;土壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)為棕壤(rang)、褐土、潮土三大類(lei),地(di)形復(fu)雜,適宜多(duo)種(zhong)動植物的生(sheng)長。地(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)較多(duo),主要有中山(shan)、低山(shan)、丘陵和(he)山(shan)前(qian)傾(qing)斜平地(di)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)縣(xian)地勢高,無客水(shui)(shui)過境。沂(yi)(yi)河(he)、彌河(he)、汶河(he)均發源(yuan)于(yu)境內(nei),形成3條水(shui)(shui)系,以沂(yi)(yi)河(he)水(shui)(shui)系最大。境內(nei)有(you)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)1530條,其中沂(yi)(yi)河(he)流(liu)經山東、江(jiang)蘇8縣(xian)市,沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)境內(nei)全長84.6公(gong)里。全縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)8.1億立方米(mi),且水(shui)(shui)質好,pH在7.9-8.2之(zhi)間,礦化度(du)在116-508毫(hao)克(ke)/升之(zhi)間,總硬度(du)在3.3-10.8度(du)之(zhi)間,適(shi)于(yu)人畜飲用。縣(xian)域內(nei)工業企業廢水(shui)(shui)均達標排(pai)放。
3、氣候情況:沂源(yuan)縣(xian)屬暖溫帶季(ji)風區域大(da)陸性半濕潤氣候,四季(ji)分明(ming),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫11.9℃,無霜期189天,平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照時數2660.6小時,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量720.8毫米。光(guang)能資源(yuan)居全(quan)省之(zhi)首,光(guang)照百分率為全(quan)國之(zhi)冠(guan)。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)情況:養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)生產是沂(yi)源人(ren)民的(de)傳統(tong)產業,沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是我縣固有(you)優勢(shi)畜種,是當(dang)地農(nong)民收入的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)來源。據(ju)調查(cha)(cha),當(dang)地用群羊(yang)(yang)(yang)臥(wo)地肥田,喜食大鍋全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)利用板皮制作裘衣(yi)御寒的(de)習(xi)俗,是該品種形成的(de)因(yin)素。該品種具有(you)抗病耐(nai)粗(cu)、適應性(xing)(xing)強、體(ti)(ti)質健(jian)壯、善攀登、適宜山(shan)(shan)(shan)區放(fang)牧的(de)特性(xing)(xing),可終(zhong)年放(fang)牧。1979年沂(yi)源縣組織對沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)狀況進行調查(cha)(cha),1980年縣科(ke)委(wei)立項開始(shi)對沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)進行選(xuan)(xuan)育。在1983年階段(duan)性(xing)(xing)鑒定基礎(chu)上,1984年被(bei)列為山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻關項目(mu),開始(shi)大規(gui)模選(xuan)(xuan)育,課(ke)(ke)題(ti)研究(jiu)以本品種選(xuan)(xuan)育提高(gao)生產性(xing)(xing)能(neng)為主線,對選(xuan)(xuan)育技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)及相(xiang)關條(tiao)件進行了(le)(le)全(quan)方位的(de)探索,取(qu)得了(le)(le)突破性(xing)(xing)進展,選(xuan)(xuan)育出(chu)了(le)(le)體(ti)(ti)格大、耐(nai)粗(cu)飼、適應性(xing)(xing)強、生產性(xing)(xing)能(neng)高(gao)、體(ti)(ti)形體(ti)(ti)貌統(tong)一、遺(yi)傳性(xing)(xing)能(neng)穩定的(de)肉、絨兼用的(de)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),課(ke)(ke)題(ti)研究(jiu)成果獲(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)進步(bu)三等獎,淄(zi)博市科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)進步(bu)一等獎,載入《中國技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)成果大全(quan)》。
三.地域范圍
沂源(yuan)黑山(shan)羊分(fen)布在山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)中部沂蒙(meng)山(shan)腹地的沂源(yuan)縣境(jing)內(nei)的南(nan)麻鎮(zhen)(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)(zhen)、魯村鎮(zhen)(zhen)、徐家(jia)莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、大(da)張(zhang)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、燕崖鄉(xiang)、中莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、西里鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)里鎮(zhen)(zhen)、張(zhang)家(jia)坡(po)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石橋鄉(xiang)、悅(yue)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和三岔(cha)鄉(xiang)等13個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)海(hai)(hai)拔最高的地方,有(you)“山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)屋脊”之稱。現有(you)沂源(yuan)黑山(shan)羊35萬余(yu)只。地理位置:地處東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)117°54′-118°31′,北緯35°55′-36°23′,海(hai)(hai)拔400-700米。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外在感官特征(zheng):沂蒙黑山羊羊肉(rou)肉(rou)質細(xi)嫩,味美(mei)多汁,膻味小,食用(yong)時(shi)味香而(er)不膩口。
2、內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質指標:沂蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊的肉(rou)營養豐富(fu)且羊肉(rou)質柔(rou)軟易(yi)于(yu)消化。與不同類羊肉(rou)含(han)相比蛋白質含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)且脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)低(di)。鈣含(han)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)通(tong)羊肉(rou)為1.2g/100g,沂蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊為3.2g/100g;鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)通(tong)羊肉(rou)為2.3mg/kg,沂蒙(meng)羊肉(rou)為10.0mg/kg;脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)通(tong)羊肉(rou)為4g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊肉(rou)為2.82g/100g;蛋白質含(han)量(liang)(liang)普(pu)通(tong)羊肉(rou)為18g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊肉(rou)為20.9g/100g.是肉(rou)食中(zhong)的佳品(pin),在(zai)(zai)國際(ji)市場上有一(yi)定聲(sheng)譽。
3、安全要求(qiu):明確登記產品市場準入所(suo)遵循的國家強制(zhi)性技術規(gui)范名稱、具體內容和(he)相關法律法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)。中華人(ren)民共和(he)國國家標準GB9961-2001《鮮凍胴體羊(yang)(yang)肉》和(he) 中華人(ren)民共和(he)國農(nong)業(ye)行(xing)業(ye)標準NY5147-2002《無公害食品羊(yang)(yang)肉》。
五.特定生產方(fang)式(shi)
1、產(chan)地選擇與特殊內容(rong)規(gui)定:沂源(yuan)縣(xian)境內山(shan)巒(luan)起伏,溝壑縱橫,氣候溫(wen)和(he),雨量充沛(pei),林木(mu)茂密,飼料(liao)飼草資(zi)源(yuan)豐富。沂蒙黑山(shan)羊善(shan)攀登、不耐舍(she)飼,以常(chang)年放(fang)牧(mu)自由采食為主。沂源(yuan)縣(xian)獨特的地質地貌、氣候條件和(he)飼料(liao)飼草資(zi)源(yuan)為沂蒙黑山(shan)羊的發展提供了(le)廣闊(kuo)的前景(jing)。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定要(yao)求:沂源縣(xian)重視(shi)沂蒙黑山羊(yang)的品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),對(dui)該品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)以本品(pin)(pin)種為(wei)主。高性能種公(gong)羊(yang)存欄(lan)多,農民重視(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)種選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),堅持自繁自養,不(bu)近親雜交,確保了本品(pin)(pin)種特有(you)遺傳性能的穩定。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)理,包(bao)括農業投入品方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使用(yong)(yong)規定(ding)(ding)(ding):飼草(cao)飼料(liao)(liao):以(yi)天然(ran)飼草(cao)為(wei)主,僅在大(da)雪(xue)封(feng)地不能進(jin)山(shan)時,酌情補飼。每(mei)只(zhi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)年需天然(ran)草(cao)場5畝左右,每(mei)天采食量相當于羊(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)身體(ti)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)10%左右。一般不補精料(liao)(liao),只(zhi)是在母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)后(hou)(hou)、公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)配種期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需補部(bu)分(fen)精料(liao)(liao)。飲水(shui):山(shan)泉水(shui)、河水(shui)或(huo)自(zi)來水(shui),水(shui)質符合(he)NY5027的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)苗和使用(yong)(yong):按免(mian)疫(yi)程序嚴格(ge)進(jin)行(xing)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)免(mian)疫(yi),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)符合(he)NY5149的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding);防疫(yi)器械在免(mian)疫(yi)前后(hou)(hou)知(zhi)徹(che)底(di)(di)消毒(du)。獸(shou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和使用(yong)(yong):治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)根據所(suo)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)執行(xing)休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。發(fa)生(sheng)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)在使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)時,在治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)達(da)不到休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不應(ying)(ying)(ying)作為(wei)食用(yong)(yong)淘汰(tai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出售。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)管(guan)理:選擇高效(xiao)、安(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗寄生(sheng)蟲藥(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)驅蟲、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)浴。滅鼠(shu)、滅蚊蠅:定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)點(dian)投入滅鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),及(ji)時收集死鼠(shu)及(ji)殘余鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),并做深埋處(chu)理。消除(chu)水(shui)坑等(deng)蚊蠅孽(nie)生(sheng)地,定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴灑消毒(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生(sheng)消毒(du):選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消毒(du)劑應(ying)(ying)(ying)符合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍周圍環(huan)境定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)2%火堿或(huo)撒(sa)生(sheng)石灰消毒(du)。每(mei)批羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)出欄后(hou)(hou),要徹(che)底(di)(di)清掃羊(yang)(yang)(yang)舍,采用(yong)(yong)噴霧(wu)、火焰消毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)分(fen)娩(mian)欄、補料(liao)(liao)槽等(deng)用(yong)(yong)具進(jin)行(xing)消毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)帶羊(yang)(yang)(yang)消毒(du),減(jian)少環(huan)境中的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原微生(sheng)物(wu)。疫(yi)病(bing)監測(ce):畜牧獸(shou)醫部(bu)門(men)依照《動(dong)(dong)物(wu)防疫(yi)法》制定(ding)(ding)(ding)監測(ce)方案,并組織實施。病(bing)死羊(yang)(yang)(yang)處(chu)理:對(dui)可疑病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)隔離觀察、確診(zhen)。有(you)使用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)隔離、治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),徹(che)底(di)(di)治(zhi)(zhi)愈后(hou)(hou),才能歸群(qun)(qun)。因(yin)傳(chuan)染病(bing)和其他需要處(chu)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),應(ying)(ying)(ying)在指定(ding)(ding)(ding)地點(dian)撲殺,尸體(ti)進(jin)行(xing)無(wu)害化處(chu)理。
4、產品收(shou)獲(huo)、屠宰(zai)、捕撈及產后處理的(de)規(gui)定:屠宰(zai)加工(gong):放血(xue)要完全;剝皮(pi)、去頭(tou)、蹄、內臟(zang)(腎臟(zang)除外)、大(da)血(xue)管、乳房、生殖器;去三(san)腺;修割(ge)整齊,沖(chong)洗干凈,無病(bing)變組織、無傷斑、無殘(can)留小片皮(pi)、無浮行、無糞(fen)污(wu)(wu)、無膽污(wu)(wu)、泥污(wu)(wu)和血(xue)凝塊。
5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄要(yao)求:生產記(ji)(ji)錄包(bao)括羊只(zhi)來(lai)源、配(pei)種、產羔、哺(bu)乳(ru)、斷奶、增重(zhong)、疫病防治、出售等(deng),上述資料最少保留三(san)年(nian)。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關(guan)規定
(1)分級(ji)(ji):鮮(xian)、凍胴(dong)體(ti)羊肉(rou)(rou)分為:一(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)和三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)。一(yi)級(ji)(ji):外觀及(ji)肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)豐滿(man)。骨(gu)骼(ge)不(bu)(bu)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(小尾(wei)羊肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隆(long)部之脊(ji)(ji)椎骨(gu)尖(jian)稍突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu))。二級(ji)(ji):皮(pi)下脂(zhi)肪(fang)布滿(man)全(quan)身(脂(zhi)肪(fang)層(ceng)(ceng)較薄(bo)),臀部脂(zhi)肪(fang)豐滿(man)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)良好。除肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隆(long)部及(ji)頸部脊(ji)(ji)椎骨(gu)尖(jian)稍突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)外,其(qi)他部位骨(gu)骼(ge)均不(bu)(bu)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。三(san)(san)級(ji)(ji):皮(pi)下脂(zhi)肪(fang)布滿(man)全(quan)身,肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)頸部脂(zhi)肪(fang)層(ceng)(ceng)較薄(bo)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)發育(yu)一(yi)般。骨(gu)骼(ge)稍顯突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),胴(dong)體(ti)表面(mian)帶有薄(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)脂(zhi)肪(fang),肩(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部、頸部、薦部及(ji)臀部肌(ji)(ji)(ji)膜突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。
2、包(bao)裝(zhuang):包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應(ying)(ying)符合(he)GB11680和GB9687的規(gui)定。包(bao)裝(zhuang)物使(shi)用無毒油墨印刷。標志使(shi)用人(ren)應(ying)(ying)在其產(chan)品或(huo)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)統一使(shi)用農產(chan)品地理標志(‘沂源黑山(shan)羊’名(ming)稱和公(gong)共標識圖案(an)組合(he)標注型式)。
3、標(biao)識(shi):在(zai)每只羊胴體(ti)的臀(tun)部加(jia)蓋檢疫檢驗驗訖和等(deng)級印(yin)戳,字跡(ji)應清晰,印(yin)色(se)用食品(pin)(pin)級色(se)素(su)配制(zhi)。銷售和運輸(shu)包裝物應標(biao)注沂源(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山羊標(biao)志,并標(biao)明產品(pin)(pin)名稱、數(shu)量(liang)、產地、包裝日期(qi)、生產單位、保質(zhi)期(qi)、產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)、執行(xing)標(biao)準代號等(deng)級等(deng)內容。不(bu)符合(he)本(ben)標(biao)準的產品(pin)(pin),其產品(pin)(pin)名稱不(bu)得使(shi)用含有(you)“沂源(yuan)黑(hei)(hei)山羊”(包括連(lian)續(xu)或(huo)斷開)的名稱。
4、貯存:冷卻(que)(que)羊肉(rou)應吊掛在相對濕(shi)度75-84%,溫(wen)度0-1℃的冷卻(que)(que)間,肉(rou)體之間的距離保持3-5cm。冷凍(dong)羊肉(rou)應吊掛在相對濕(shi)度95-100%,溫(wen)度-18℃的冷藏間,冷藏間溫(wen)度一晝夜升降幅(fu)度不得超過1℃。
5、運(yun)輸:公路、水路運(yun)輸應使用符合衛生要(yao)求(qiu)的冷(leng)藏車(che)(船(chuan))或保(bao)溫車(che),鐵路運(yun)輸按國家有關規定執行。