一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省首個通過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志登(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)(de)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin),是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)優良(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)。它是(shi)(shi)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)特(te)(te)(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件下(xia)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個肉、絨(rong)(rong)、毛、皮(pi)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)型品(pin)種(zhong)。具(ju)有(you)體(ti)格大(da)、耐(nai)粗飼、適(shi)應性強、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性能高、體(ti)貌統一(yi)(yi)(yi)、遺(yi)傳性能穩(wen)定(ding)、肉絨(rong)(rong)兼用(yong)等特(te)(te)(te)點。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)質量高、光(guang)澤(ze)好、強度大(da)、手感柔軟;肉質色澤(ze)鮮紅、細嫩、味道鮮美(mei)、膻味小(xiao),是(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)高蛋白、低脂肪、富含多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)氨基(ji)酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)保(bao)健(jian)食(shi)品(pin)。將(jiang)屠宰(zai)洗凈后的(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)帶(dai)骨分(fen)割,把切碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉塊、頭(tou)、蹄、內臟一(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)下(xia)鍋(guo),放(fang)以蔥、姜(jiang)、食(shi)鹽、花椒等,用(yong)木柴煮熟(shu),這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”多(duo)(duo)次被(bei)(bei)評為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省名(ming)小(xiao)吃、淄博市(shi)名(ming)小(xiao)吃,入(ru)口時佐(zuo)以醋、香(xiang)菜,肉味鮮美(mei)、適(shi)口,百吃不厭。“大(da)鍋(guo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”是(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)招待客人的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高禮節。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)生(sheng)(sheng)態高地(di)(di)(di),境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起(qi)伏,溝壑縱橫,河流眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo),水(shui)質pH在7.9-8.2之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),礦化度在116-508毫克/升(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),生(sheng)(sheng)態環境獨特(te)(te)(te),為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提供了(le)最佳生(sheng)(sheng)存環境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)食(shi)家畜(chu)(chu)(chu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)成為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式,特(te)(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)(yang)造就(jiu)了(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具(ju)有(you)抗病(bing)耐(nai)粗、適(shi)應性強、體(ti)質健(jian)壯、善(shan)(shan)攀登(deng)、善(shan)(shan)運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)有(you)品(pin)質。老百姓自豪的(de)(de)(de)(de)說:我(wo)們養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)“吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)百草(cao)丹(dan),喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)泉水(shui),住的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)別墅(shu),當然牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)棒(bang)”。養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)是(shi)(shi)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第二大(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye),其(qi)中沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)年存欄(lan)13萬只左(zuo)右(you),占養(yang)(yang)殖業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%以上。改革開放(fang)以來,沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣加大(da)了(le)對沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提純復壯選育(yu)力度,1984年被(bei)(bei)列為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)省科技(ji)攻關項目,并(bing)開始大(da)規模(mo)專心選育(yu),取得了(le)豐碩(shuo)成果(guo),研(yan)究成果(guo)載入(ru)《中國(guo)技(ji)術(shu)成果(guo)大(da)全(quan)(quan)(quan)》。2009年,被(bei)(bei)國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)登(deng)記為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志保(bao)護產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin),是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個地(di)(di)(di)標畜(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。為(wei)(wei)加快(kuai)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)牌化、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化發(fa)展,組建(jian)了(le)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)工程技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)究中心和(he)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原種(zhong)場,對黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步提純復壯,建(jian)成沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)10處(chu),新(xin)建(jian)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)擴(kuo)繁(fan)場1處(chu)。2013年,全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)總站(zhan)將(jiang)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列入(ru)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽種(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護項目,納入(ru)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活體(ti)基(ji)因庫,為(wei)(wei)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)選育(yu)推廣奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)堅實基(ji)礎。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土壤地(di)(di)貌情況;土壤類型為棕壤、褐(he)土、潮土三(san)大(da)類,地(di)(di)形復(fu)雜,適宜多種動(dong)植物的生(sheng)長。地(di)(di)貌類型較多,主要有(you)中(zhong)山(shan)、低(di)山(shan)、丘陵和山(shan)前傾斜(xie)平(ping)地(di)(di)。
2、水文情況:沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)縣地勢高(gao),無客水過境。沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)、彌河(he)、汶河(he)均發源(yuan)于境內(nei),形成3條(tiao)水系(xi),以沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)水系(xi)最大。境內(nei)有大小河(he)流(liu)1530條(tiao),其中沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)流(liu)經(jing)山東、江蘇8縣市,沂(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)境內(nei)全長84.6公里。全縣水資源(yuan)總量8.1億立(li)方米,且水質好,pH在7.9-8.2之間,礦化度在116-508毫克(ke)/升之間,總硬度在3.3-10.8度之間,適于人畜(chu)飲用。縣域內(nei)工(gong)業企業廢水均達標(biao)排放。
3、氣候情況:沂源縣屬暖溫帶季(ji)風區域(yu)大陸性(xing)半濕潤氣候,四季(ji)分明(ming),年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣溫11.9℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期189天,平均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數2660.6小時,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降雨量720.8毫米。光能資源居全省之(zhi)首,光照(zhao)百分率為(wei)全國之(zhi)冠。
4、人文歷史情況:養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)生產是沂源人民的(de)傳統產業(ye),沂蒙(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是我縣固(gu)有優勢畜(chu)種,是當地(di)農民收入(ru)的(de)重要來源。據(ju)調(diao)查,當地(di)用(yong)群羊(yang)(yang)(yang)臥地(di)肥田,喜食(shi)大(da)鍋全羊(yang)(yang)(yang)和利(li)用(yong)板皮制作裘衣御寒的(de)習俗(su),是該(gai)品種形(xing)成的(de)因素。該(gai)品種具有抗病(bing)耐粗(cu)、適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang)、體質健壯、善攀登、適(shi)宜(yi)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)放牧的(de)特性(xing),可終(zhong)年放牧。1979年沂源縣組織對(dui)沂蒙(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)狀況進行調(diao)查,1980年縣科委立項(xiang)開始對(dui)沂蒙(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)進行選(xuan)育(yu)。在1983年階段性(xing)鑒(jian)定基礎上,1984年被列為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)攻關項(xiang)目(mu),開始大(da)規(gui)模選(xuan)育(yu),課(ke)題研究以(yi)本品種選(xuan)育(yu)提高生產性(xing)能為(wei)(wei)主線,對(dui)選(xuan)育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及相關條件進行了(le)全方位的(de)探索,取(qu)得了(le)突破性(xing)進展,選(xuan)育(yu)出了(le)體格(ge)大(da)、耐粗(cu)飼(si)、適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang)、生產性(xing)能高、體形(xing)體貌統一、遺傳性(xing)能穩(wen)定的(de)肉、絨兼(jian)用(yong)的(de)沂蒙(meng)(meng)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),課(ke)題研究成果(guo)獲山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科技(ji)(ji)進步三等(deng)獎,淄博市科技(ji)(ji)進步一等(deng)獎,載入(ru)《中國技(ji)(ji)術(shu)成果(guo)大(da)全》。
三.地域范圍
沂源黑(hei)山羊分布在山東省中(zhong)部沂蒙(meng)山腹地(di)(di)的(de)沂源縣境內的(de)南麻(ma)鎮(zhen)、土門鎮(zhen)、魯村(cun)鎮(zhen)、徐家(jia)莊鄉(xiang)、大張(zhang)莊鎮(zhen)、燕崖鄉(xiang)、中(zhong)莊鎮(zhen)、西里鎮(zhen)、東里鎮(zhen)、張(zhang)家(jia)坡鎮(zhen)、石(shi)橋鄉(xiang)、悅莊鎮(zhen)和三岔(cha)鄉(xiang)等13個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),是(shi)山東省海拔(ba)最高的(de)地(di)(di)方,有“山東屋脊(ji)”之稱。現有沂源黑(hei)山羊35萬余只。地(di)(di)理位置:地(di)(di)處東經117°54′-118°31′,北(bei)緯(wei)35°55′-36°23′,海拔(ba)400-700米。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感官(guan)特征(zheng):沂(yi)蒙(meng)黑山羊羊肉(rou)肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩(nen),味(wei)美多(duo)汁(zhi),膻(shan)味(wei)小,食用時味(wei)香而不(bu)膩口(kou)。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):沂蒙(meng)黑山羊(yang)的(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)營養豐富(fu)且(qie)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)柔軟易于(yu)消化。與不同類羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)含(han)相比蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高且(qie)脂肪含(han)量(liang)低。鈣含(han)量(liang)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為1.2g/100g,沂蒙(meng)黑山羊(yang)為3.2g/100g;鐵含(han)量(liang)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為2.3mg/kg,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為10.0mg/kg;脂肪含(han)量(liang)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為4g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為2.82g/100g;蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為18g/100g,沂蒙(meng)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為20.9g/100g.是肉(rou)(rou)(rou)食中的(de)佳(jia)品,在(zai)國際(ji)市場上有(you)一定聲譽。
3、安全要求(qiu):明確登記(ji)產品(pin)市場準(zhun)入所遵循的國家(jia)強制性技(ji)術規范名稱、具體內容和(he)相(xiang)關法律法規規定。中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國國家(jia)標準(zhun)GB9961-2001《鮮凍(dong)胴體羊(yang)肉(rou)》和(he) 中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國農業行業標準(zhun)NY5147-2002《無公害食(shi)品(pin)羊(yang)肉(rou)》。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地選擇(ze)與特殊內容規定(ding):沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)縣境內山(shan)巒(luan)起伏,溝壑縱橫,氣候溫和(he),雨量充沛,林木茂密,飼料飼草資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富。沂(yi)(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊善攀登、不耐舍(she)飼,以常年放牧(mu)自由采食(shi)為主。沂(yi)(yi)源(yuan)(yuan)縣獨特的(de)地質地貌、氣候條件和(he)飼料飼草資源(yuan)(yuan)為沂(yi)(yi)蒙黑山(shan)羊的(de)發展提(ti)供了廣闊的(de)前景。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定(ding)要求:沂源縣重(zhong)視沂蒙(meng)黑山(shan)羊(yang)的品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育,對該品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育以本品(pin)(pin)種為主。高性能種公羊(yang)存(cun)欄多(duo),農(nong)民重(zhong)視選(xuan)(xuan)種選(xuan)(xuan)育,堅持自繁(fan)自養,不近親(qin)雜交,確保了本品(pin)(pin)種特有遺傳性能的穩定(ding)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理(li)(li),包括農業(ye)投入品方面(mian)的(de)(de)特殊使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding):飼(si)草飼(si)料(liao):以天然飼(si)草為主,僅在(zai)大雪(xue)封地(di)不(bu)能進(jin)山時(shi),酌情補(bu)(bu)飼(si)。每(mei)只羊(yang)(yang)每(mei)年(nian)需天然草場(chang)5畝(mu)左右,每(mei)天采食量(liang)相(xiang)當于羊(yang)(yang)自身(shen)體(ti)重的(de)(de)10%左右。一般不(bu)補(bu)(bu)精料(liao),只是在(zai)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)產后、公羊(yang)(yang)配種(zhong)期(qi)(qi)需補(bu)(bu)部(bu)分(fen)精料(liao)。飲(yin)水(shui):山泉水(shui)、河水(shui)或自來水(shui),水(shui)質(zhi)符合NY5027的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)苗和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong):按(an)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)程序嚴格(ge)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)動物(wu)(wu)疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi),羊(yang)(yang)群的(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)符合NY5149的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding);防疫(yi)器械在(zai)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)前后知(zhi)徹底消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。獸(shou)藥(yao)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong):治療(liao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)劑時(shi),應(ying)(ying)符合NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。后期(qi)(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)治療(liao)時(shi),應(ying)(ying)根據所(suo)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)。發生(sheng)(sheng)疾病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)治療(liao)時(shi),在(zai)治療(liao)期(qi)(qi)或達不(bu)到休藥(yao)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)不(bu)應(ying)(ying)作為食用(yong)(yong)淘(tao)汰羊(yang)(yang)出售(shou)。羊(yang)(yang)只管理(li)(li):選擇高效、安全的(de)(de)抗寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)蟲藥(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)羊(yang)(yang)只進(jin)行(xing)(xing)驅蟲、藥(yao)浴。滅鼠(shu)(shu)、滅蚊蠅(ying):定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)點投入滅鼠(shu)(shu)藥(yao),及時(shi)收集死鼠(shu)(shu)及殘余鼠(shu)(shu)藥(yao),并(bing)做深埋處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。消(xiao)(xiao)除水(shui)坑(keng)等(deng)蚊蠅(ying)孽生(sheng)(sheng)地(di),定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)灑(sa)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)藥(yao)。衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du):選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)劑應(ying)(ying)符合NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)舍周圍(wei)環境定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)2%火(huo)堿或撒生(sheng)(sheng)石灰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。每(mei)批羊(yang)(yang)只出欄后,要徹底清掃羊(yang)(yang)舍,采用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)霧、火(huo)焰(yan)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)分(fen)娩欄、補(bu)(bu)料(liao)槽等(deng)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)帶(dai)羊(yang)(yang)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)(du),減少環境中的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)原微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)。疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)監測:畜(chu)牧獸(shou)醫(yi)部(bu)門依照《動物(wu)(wu)防疫(yi)法》制定(ding)(ding)(ding)監測方案(an),并(bing)組(zu)織實(shi)施。病(bing)(bing)死羊(yang)(yang)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li):對(dui)(dui)可疑病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)觀察、確診。有使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang)應(ying)(ying)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)、治療(liao),徹底治愈后,才能歸群。因傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)(bing)和(he)其他需要處(chu)(chu)死的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)羊(yang)(yang),應(ying)(ying)在(zai)指定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)點撲(pu)殺,尸體(ti)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)無害化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。
4、產品收(shou)獲、屠宰、捕撈及產后處理的規定:屠宰加工(gong):放(fang)血(xue)要完全;剝(bo)皮(pi)、去頭、蹄、內臟(腎臟除外)、大(da)血(xue)管、乳房、生殖器;去三腺(xian);修割整齊,沖洗干凈,無(wu)病(bing)變組織、無(wu)傷(shang)斑、無(wu)殘留小片皮(pi)、無(wu)浮行、無(wu)糞污(wu)(wu)、無(wu)膽污(wu)(wu)、泥污(wu)(wu)和(he)血(xue)凝塊。
5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求:生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)包括羊只來(lai)源、配種、產(chan)羔、哺乳、斷奶、增重、疫病(bing)防治、出售等,上述資料最少(shao)保留三年。
六.包(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)識相關規定
(1)分級(ji)(ji):鮮、凍胴體羊肉(rou)分為:一級(ji)(ji)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)和三(san)級(ji)(ji)。一級(ji)(ji):外(wai)觀及(ji)肉(rou)質(zhi)肌肉(rou)豐(feng)滿(man)。骨骼(ge)不突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(小尾羊肩(jian)(jian)隆部(bu)(bu)(bu)之脊(ji)椎骨尖稍(shao)(shao)突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu))。二(er)級(ji)(ji):皮下脂肪(fang)(fang)布滿(man)全身(脂肪(fang)(fang)層較(jiao)薄),臀部(bu)(bu)(bu)脂肪(fang)(fang)豐(feng)滿(man)肌肉(rou)發(fa)育(yu)良(liang)好(hao)。除(chu)肩(jian)(jian)隆部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)脊(ji)椎骨尖稍(shao)(shao)突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)外(wai),其他(ta)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位骨骼(ge)均不突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。三(san)級(ji)(ji):皮下脂肪(fang)(fang)布滿(man)全身,肩(jian)(jian)頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)脂肪(fang)(fang)層較(jiao)薄肌肉(rou)發(fa)育(yu)一般。骨骼(ge)稍(shao)(shao)顯突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu),胴體表(biao)面(mian)帶有(you)薄層脂肪(fang)(fang),肩(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、頸(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、薦部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)臀部(bu)(bu)(bu)肌膜突(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。
2、包裝:包裝材(cai)料應符合GB11680和(he)GB9687的(de)規定。包裝物使用(yong)無毒油墨印刷。標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)人應在其產品或(huo)包裝上統一(yi)使用(yong)農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(‘沂源黑山羊’名稱和(he)公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型(xing)式)。
3、標識:在每只(zhi)羊(yang)胴(dong)體的臀(tun)部加蓋檢疫檢驗(yan)驗(yan)訖和等級印戳,字(zi)跡應清(qing)晰,印色用食品(pin)級色素配制。銷(xiao)售和運輸包裝物應標注沂源(yuan)黑(hei)山羊(yang)標志,并標明產(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)、數(shu)量、產(chan)地、包裝日(ri)期(qi)、生產(chan)單(dan)位(wei)、保質期(qi)、產(chan)品(pin)質量、執行標準(zhun)(zhun)代號(hao)等級等內(nei)容(rong)。不符合本(ben)標準(zhun)(zhun)的產(chan)品(pin),其產(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)不得使用含有“沂源(yuan)黑(hei)山羊(yang)”(包括(kuo)連續或斷(duan)開)的名稱(cheng)。
4、貯存:冷(leng)卻(que)羊肉(rou)應吊(diao)掛在相對(dui)濕(shi)度75-84%,溫度0-1℃的(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)間(jian),肉(rou)體之間(jian)的(de)(de)距(ju)離保持(chi)3-5cm。冷(leng)凍羊肉(rou)應吊(diao)掛在相對(dui)濕(shi)度95-100%,溫度-18℃的(de)(de)冷(leng)藏間(jian),冷(leng)藏間(jian)溫度一晝夜升降幅度不得超過1℃。
5、運輸:公路、水路運輸應使用符合(he)衛生要求的(de)冷藏車(che)(船)或(huo)保溫車(che),鐵路運輸按國家有關規定執(zhi)行。