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一.產品介紹

石榴(liu)種植主要分布在嶧城區榴(liu)園(yuan)鎮轄(xia)區內的王(wang)府山(shan)莊(zhuang)、魏(wei)樓、白樓、曹(cao)馬、小莊(zhuang)子、北孫莊(zhuang)、和順莊(zhuang)、朱村等八個行政(zheng)村。地(di)勢北高南低，平(ping)均海拔185米，耕地(di)面積(ji) 9.4萬(wan)畝，四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)，光照充(chong)足，雨熱同期，光、熱、水資源時序變化(hua)與作(zuo)物生(sheng)長期匹(pi)配(pei)良好，水土保持良好，生(sheng)態環境優異，系國家(jia)級生(sheng)態示范區、省級標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)。基(ji)地(di)遠離工礦企業，大(da)氣、土壤(rang)、水質優良，具有發展(zhan)無公(gong)害農產(chan)品、綠(lv)色食(shi)品、有機(ji)食(shi)品生(sheng)產(chan)的獨特條(tiao)件和優勢。

二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因(yin)素

1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況：嶧城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)榴園地(di)處魯中南丘陵邊緣地(di)帶，地(di)貌類型多(duo)樣，山區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)石(shi)(shi)灰質(zhi)、巖母(mu)質(zhi)發(fa)育(yu)的(de)沙土(tu)(tu)和棕壤(rang)，呈(cheng)中性到(dao)微堿性反(fan)應。山中下部土(tu)(tu)層較厚，孔(kong)隙度(du)好，水肥氣熱協調，經取(qu)土(tu)(tu)化驗，耕(geng)層土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分含(han)量為(wei)有機(ji)質(zhi)1.46%，氮含(han)量0.08%，速(su)效磷12mg/kg，速(su)效鉀105.3mg/kg，堿解氮88mg/kg，有利于石(shi)(shi)榴的(de)生長。

2、水文情況：石(shi)榴園處于大(da)山深(shen)處，年均(jun)降水量895mm，石(shi)榴生(sheng)長期間的(de)降水占全(quan)年降水量的(de)85%以上，非常有(you)利于石(shi)榴生(sheng)長發育的(de)需要，為降低生(sheng)產成本(ben)提(ti)供了極其便利的(de)自然條件。

3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況：石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)充足(zu)，熱量(liang)(liang)資源豐富，氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)暖，雨(yu)熱同(tong)期(qi)(qi)，有(you)(you)利于(yu)生(sheng)長，光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)條件良(liang)好(hao)，雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，四(si)季分明(ming)。光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數2376.0小時(shi)，日(ri)照(zhao)百(bai)分率49%，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)光(guang)(guang)輻射量(liang)(liang)117.5千(qian)卡/平(ping)方厘米，有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)合作用。溫(wen)度：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.9℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)，4629.5℃，7月均氣(qi)溫(wen)最(zui)低(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-1.4℃，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)193天。有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育(yu)。降水：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均降水量(liang)(liang)895mm，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)長期(qi)(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降水占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)85%以上(shang)，非常有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本提(ti)供了(le)(le)極其便(bian)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然條件。榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)鎮石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)條件優越，農民具(ju)有(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培管理經(jing)驗。溝、渠、路、橋、閘(zha)、水、涵、電、林網配(pei)套齊全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)設(she)施(shi)良(liang)好(hao)，灌溉用水無(wu)污染(ran)。 4、人(ren)文歷(li)(li)史情況：嶧(yi)(yi)城舊稱嶧(yi)(yi)縣，自(zi)西(xi)漢(han)設(she)縣以來(lai)，在(zai)歷(li)(li)代興替沿革中(zhong)(zhong)一直是州縣治所(suo)，1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建制為(wei)(wei)(wei)市轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。嶧(yi)(yi)城歷(li)(li)史悠久，文化(hua)燦爛，名人(ren)輩出，“一代鴻儒”蕭望之，“散(san)金濟貧(pin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)廣、疏(shu)受，“鑿壁偷光(guang)(guang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)相(xiang)匡(kuang)衡，“克己恭儉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)良(liang)及明(ming)代兵部(bu)右侍郎賈三(san)近(jin)等皆出于(yu)嶧(yi)(yi)地。嶧(yi)(yi)城石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)著悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培歷(li)(li)史。據《博物志》記(ji)載，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)西(xi)域，西(xi)漢(han)武帝年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，漢(han)使張騫從涂林安石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國（現(xian)伊朗）引入中(zhong)(zhong)原。丞相(xiang)匡(kuang)衡從皇家(jia)上(shang)林苑引至(zhi)家(jia)鄉(xiang)（今(jin)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)棗(zao)(zao)莊(zhuang)市嶧(yi)(yi)城區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)匡(kuang)談村）栽培，到現(xian)在(zai)已有(you)(you)2000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史，1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)花被(bei)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)棗(zao)(zao)莊(zhuang)市市花，至(zhi)今(jin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)十萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)余(yu)畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)嶧(yi)(yi)城區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)委、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)政府立足(zu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)資源優勢，著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)上(shang)下功夫，在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業化(hua)上(shang)做文章，有(you)(you)力提(ti)高了(le)(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科技含量(liang)(liang)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)值。以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，建立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)操作規(gui)程，加(jia)大生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環節監(jian)管，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)”牌石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)被(bei)農業部(bu)認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)公害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品，同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)基地列(lie)入山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)基地；以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)文化(hua)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，組建了(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)林，1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)嶧(yi)(yi)城石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)被(bei)開(kai)(kai)辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國友好(hao)觀光(guang)(guang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“花之路”旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)線主要旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之一，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接待(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)，2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)國家(jia)命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)AAAA級農業生(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you)(you)(you)示(shi)范景區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)；以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深加(jia)工企業3處，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)飲料2000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)聽，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)茶(cha)500噸(dun)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紅酒300噸(dun)；組建石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)協會1個(ge)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)集(ji)散(san)市場8處，創造營銷(xiao)額近(jin)9000余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元；以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)(pen)藝開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)相(xiang)繼(ji)建立了(le)(le)康居盆(pen)(pen)景園(yuan)和生(sheng)態示(shi)范園(yuan)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)(pen)景5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)盆(pen)(pen)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)創效(xiao)益1500余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國獨一無(wu)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)(pen)景花卉市場；以庭(ting)院經(jing)濟開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)，扶持石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)庭(ting)院經(jing)濟開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)村8個(ge)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特色經(jing)濟示(shi)范戶(hu)200余(yu)戶(hu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)創社(she)會效(xiao)益800余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元。在(zai)做大、做強石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，嶧(yi)(yi)城區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)斷加(jia)強石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)質資源保護(hu)，投(tou)資8600余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元建設(she)了(le)(le)省(sheng)(sheng)級農業科技示(shi)范園(yuan)，規(gui)劃石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)質示(shi)范園(yuan)80畝。預計項(xiang)目建成(cheng)(cheng)后，可(ke)引進(jin)國內外(wai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)品種(zhong)80余(yu)個(ge)，將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)擁有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)品種(zhong)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。

三.地域范圍

嶧(yi)城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)的地(di)(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)棗莊市嶧(yi)城(cheng)區境內。地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經117°22'－49'，北緯34°35'－51'，東(dong)西(xi)長41km，南(nan)北寬(kuan)30.9km，品(pin)種43個，代(dai)表品(pin)種有大青(qing)皮、大紅袍、大馬牙、謝花甜、冰(bing)糖籽等。嶧(yi)城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)也因(yin)其面積大、品(pin)種多、產(chan)量高(gao)而成(cheng)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)主要的石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。1996年被國(guo)(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業部命(ming)名為(wei)“中國(guo)(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”；依托(tuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)資(zi)源開發的“中華冠世榴(liu)園”于2001年被上海吉尼(ni)斯(si)大世界(jie)總部命(ming)名為(wei)“吉尼(ni)斯(si)大世界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)最”；也是“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級生態示范區”，2002年被山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)命(ming)名為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)無公害石(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征(zheng)

1、外在感官特征：嶧城石榴果(guo)(guo)實呈圓球形，成熟后果(guo)(guo)皮亮麗，質感厚重(zhong)，單果(guo)(guo)重(zhong)600-1000克，一般2年(nian)開花、3年(nian)結果(guo)(guo)，不僅可供鮮(xian)食，亦(yi)可加工(gong)成高級清涼(liang)飲。

2、內在品質指標：嶧城(cheng)石(shi)榴(liu)以其源遠流長(chang)的發展(zhan)歷史(shi)，具(ju)有(you)個大、汁多(duo)(duo)、味甜(tian)、質優、豐產、耐貯(zhu)運等特點(dian)，獨具(ju)一格的地方特色(se)，享譽古今中外，其果(guo)實(shi)味酸甜(tian)、性溫澀、富(fu)含多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)營養，經現代(dai)醫學測定（山(shan)東省農科院(yuan)分析結果(guo)）石(shi)榴(liu)籽中含有(you)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的糖份(fen)，100g可食果(guo)含可溶(rong)性果(guo)酸3.75g/100g；果(guo)糖15 g/100g；還原型VC19.27mg/100g;磷69.6m g/100g；鉀242.5mg/100g；鈣1.98m g/100g，等微量元素的含量比一般(ban)水果(guo)高，而脂肪、蛋白質的含量較(jiao)少，且有(you)較(jiao)高的營養保(bao)健和(he)醫補價值(zhi)。果(guo)實(shi)以鮮吃為主。

3、安全(quan)要求：石(shi)榴種(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)位于(yu)嶧城區駐地(di)西部(bu)，距城區5km，是山東省標準化生產基(ji)(ji)地(di)（基(ji)(ji)地(di)環境已(yi)檢測，報告(gao)編(bian)號20022602）。所產石(shi)榴于(yu)2004年獲(huo)農(nong)業部(bu)無公害農(nong)產品認證（證書編(bian)號:WGH-04-02214），2007年獲(huo)有機食品認證(證書編(bian)號:COFCC-R-0510-0084)。

五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式(shi)

1、產地選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定：嶧城石榴選(xuan)擇空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)清新、大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)未(wei)受(shou)污染、環境質量符合(he)國(guo)家大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)環境質量標準(zhun)GB3905-82中所(suo)列(lie)的一級標準(zhun)。基地應選(xuan)離公路(lu)、鐵(tie)路(lu)主要交通(tong)干線及(ji)工礦區，避開(kai)工業及(ji)城市污染源(yuan)影(ying)響(xiang)，距離要大(da)(da)于(yu)5km。

2、品種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)特定(ding)要(yao)求：嶧城(cheng)石(shi)榴(liu)品種和(he)砧木的選(xuan)(xuan)擇應以區域(yu)化(hua)和(he)良種化(hua)為(wei)基礎(chu)，遵照石(shi)榴(liu)區劃，結合當地自然條件，選(xuan)(xuan)擇優良品種，實行適地適栽。在(zai)我區適宜發展大(da)(da)紅袍、大(da)(da)青皮、大(da)(da)馬牙等石(shi)榴(liu)品種。石(shi)榴(liu)多用(yong)枝條扦插(cha)繁殖，不(bu)需(xu)砧木。

3、生產過(guo)程管理：

①栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)整地(di)(di)：按(an)行(xing)株距挖(wa)深(shen)寬(kuan)0.8-1m的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)溝(gou)穴(xue)，溝(gou)穴(xue)底(di)填(tian)(tian)厚30cm左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)物秸稈。挖(wa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)表土與足量腐(fu)熟土雜(za)肥(fei)回填(tian)(tian)溝(gou)穴(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)。待填(tian)(tian)至低(di)于地(di)(di)面20cm后灌(guan)水(shui)澆(jiao)透，使土沉實，然后覆(fu)上(shang)一(yi)層表土保墑。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)與密度(du)：平地(di)(di)、灘地(di)(di)和6度(du)以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)緩坡地(di)(di)為長方(fang)形(xing)栽(zai)(zai)栽(zai)(zai)，6-15度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡地(di)(di)為等(deng)高栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)樹(shu)配置：建園時可選用(yong)(yong)2-4個以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)種，按(an)等(deng)量成行(xing)配置，也可實行(xing)差量成行(xing)配置（主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)種與授(shou)(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)比例4-4.5:1）。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇與處理(li)：選擇苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高80-100cm，具較大(da)側(ce)根(gen)(gen)3-5條(tiao)，無大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)劈傷(shang)、撕傷(shang)。核實品(pin)種，剔除(chu)不合格苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)，修(xiu)剪根(gen)(gen)系(xi)，用(yong)(yong)水(shui)浸根(gen)(gen)后，分級栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)時間：石榴苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)春(chun)季進行(xing)，從土壤解凍(dong)到(dao)(dao)芽萌動，越(yue)(yue)晚越(yue)(yue)好(hao)。也可秋(qiu)栽(zai)(zai)，10月下旬(xun)到(dao)(dao)12月上(shang)旬(xun)，越(yue)(yue)早(zao)越(yue)(yue)好(hao)。雨季栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)要在(zai)陰天冒(mao)雨進行(xing)。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)技術：在(zai)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)溝(gou)內按(an)株距挖(wa)深(shen)寬(kuan)30cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)穴(xue)將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)放(fang)入(ru)穴(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)央，舒展(zhan)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)，扶正苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)，縱橫(heng)成行(xing)，邊(bian)填(tian)(tian)土邊(bian)提苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、踏實。填(tian)(tian)土完畢在(zai)樹(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)周圍做直徑1m的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)盤，立(li)即灌(guan)水(shui)，澆(jiao)后覆(fu)蓋地(di)(di)膜保墑。栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)深(shen)度(du)以苗(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)出圃時的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)為準春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)植(zhi)后立(li)即定(ding)(ding)干；秋(qiu)栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)翌年春(chun)季萌芽前定(ding)(ding)干。定(ding)(ding)干后，采取(qu)適當(dang)措施保護剪口。

②土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水管理土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)管理深翻(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)：分為(wei)擴穴(xue)(xue)深翻(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)園(yuan)深翻(fan)(fan)，每年秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)果(guo)實(shi)采收后結合秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)進行(xing)(xing)。擴穴(xue)(xue)深翻(fan)(fan)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定植穴(xue)(xue)外(wai)(wai)(wai)挖環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)寬80cm，深60cm左(zuo)右。全(quan)園(yuan)深翻(fan)(fan)為(wei)將(jiang)栽植穴(xue)(xue)外(wai)(wai)(wai)的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)全(quan)部深翻(fan)(fan)，深度30cm-40cm。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)回填時(shi)混以土(tu)(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)，表土(tu)(tu)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)底(di)層，底(di)土(tu)(tu)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)上層，使根土(tu)(tu)密接。清(qing)耕制(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)園(yuan)生長(chang)季(ji)(ji)降雨后，及(ji)時(shi)中(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)，保持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)松無(wu)雜(za)草(cao)。中(zhong)耕深度5cm-10cm，以利調溫(wen)保墑。覆(fu)(fu)草(cao)和(he)(he)(he)埋草(cao)：覆(fu)(fu)草(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)春季(ji)(ji)進行(xing)(xing)。覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)材料(liao)(liao)可以用麥(mai)(mai)秸、麥(mai)(mai)糠(kang)、玉(yu)米秸、干草(cao)等(deng)。把覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)物(wu)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)，厚度10cm-15cm，上面壓(ya)少量(liang)(liang)土(tu)(tu)、連覆(fu)(fu)3-4年后淺翻(fan)(fan)1次。也可結合深翻(fan)(fan)開大溝(gou)(gou)埋草(cao)，提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)蓄水能力(li)(li)。種植綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)生草(cao):行(xing)(xing)間(jian)提(ti)倡間(jian)作(zuo)三葉草(cao)、毛葉苕子、扁葉黃芪等(deng)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物(wu)，通過翻(fan)(fan)壓(ya)，覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)和(he)(he)(he)漚制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)方法將(jiang)其轉變(bian)為(wei)石(shi)榴園(yuan)有機肥(fei)(fei)。有灌溉條件的石(shi)榴園(yuan)提(ti)倡行(xing)(xing)間(jian)生草(cao)制(zhi)(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原(yuan)則：追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟土(tu)(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)，以保持(chi)(chi)或增加土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)及(ji)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微(wei)生物(wu)活性。所施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用的肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)不應對果(guo)園(yuan)環(huan)境和(he)(he)(he)果(guo)實(shi)品質產(chan)生不良影響(xiang)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方法和(he)(he)(he)數量(liang)(liang)：秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)果(guo)實(shi)采收后到落(luo)葉前施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)按(an)生產(chan)1kg石(shi)榴2kg優(you)質農家肥(fei)(fei)以上計(ji)算(suan)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用方法以溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或撒(sa)(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)部位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠投(tou)影范圍內(nei)。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)挖放射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)或樹(shu)(shu)冠外(wai)(wai)(wai)圍控環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)深60cm-80cm；撒(sa)(sa)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)均勻地(di)撒(sa)(sa)于樹(shu)(shu)冠下(xia)，并翻(fan)(fan)深20cm。

③整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)適(shi)(shi)宜樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)：定(ding)(ding)植后即根(gen)據(ju)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)密度選定(ding)(ding)適(shi)(shi)宜樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)。800左右(you)樹(shu)高3.0-3.5m，無主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干，具有3個方位角(jiao)120度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，每個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與地面水(shui)平(ping)夾角(jiao)40-45度，每個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)別分(fen)配生3-4個側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)幼樹(shu)期：根(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)冠(guan)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，選擇培(pei)(pei)(pei)養好骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，擴大樹(shu)冠(guan)。除(chu)(chu)競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)近地枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢外，保(bao)留(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)干后發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條。第2-3個冬季(ji)時蔬(shu)除(chu)(chu)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)帶以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)余枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條。對(dui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)回(hui)縮到旺(wang)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促(cu)長方法，不(bu)在原頭(tou)短(duan)截(jie)。生長季(ji)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)角(jiao)。對(dui)輔養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩(shuai)放、開(kai)角(jiao)和(he)(he)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)其上旺(wang)稍，控制生長，環(huan)割促(cu)進(jin)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)。初果(guo)(guo)(guo)期：繼續培(pei)(pei)(pei)養各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，逐步培(pei)(pei)(pei)養各(ge)類枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)無用(yong)(yong)(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)纖(xian)細枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養以中(zhong)小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，長勢中(zhong)庸、二(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩放，促(cu)進(jin)花結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)；細弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)年生枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)度短(duan)截(jie)，更(geng)新(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)。以輕(qing)剪(jian)(jian)、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，去強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，留(liu)(liu)中(zhong)庸偏(pian)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；去直立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，留(liu)(liu)水(shui)平(ping)斜(xie)生枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；去病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，保(bao)健壯(zhuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；多(duo)疏(shu)少截(jie)或(huo)不(bu)截(jie)，變向、緩剪(jian)(jian)，樹(shu)冠(guan)中(zhong)庸開(kai)張(zhang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)好。加強(qiang)生長季(ji)節(jie)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期：以疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)無用(yong)(yong)(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)纖(xian)細枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養以中(zhong)小(xiao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健壯(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，調節(jie)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)量，合理負載。結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及時更(geng)新(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)，掌握結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)筷子(zi)粗(cu)細，結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)要保(bao)持一(yi)定(ding)(ding)距離，防止(zhi)交叉、重疊(die)。強(qiang)旺(wang)樹(shu)、弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)樹(shu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)庸健壯(zhuang)樹(shu)分(fen)別采取(qu)以“控”、“促(cu)”和(he)(he)“保(bao)”為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)措(cuo)施(shi)，使樹(shu)體(ti)穩定(ding)(ding)健壯(zhuang)。更(geng)新(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)：以縮剪(jian)(jian)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，對(dui)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重回(hui)縮1/3-1/2，剪(jian)(jian)口保(bao)留(liu)(liu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長出后，根(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)要求整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已干枯死亡(wang)，地面有健壯(zhuang)萌(meng)蘗(bo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，也可將原骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)基部鋸除(chu)(chu)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)根(gen)際萌(meng)蘗(bo)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)養新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)冠(guan)。對(dui)衰(shuai)老(lao)樹(shu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“去舊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、去弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，去遠(yuan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)近枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，去斜(xie)生、水(shui)平(ping)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)直立(li)強(qiang)旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復壯(zhuang)措(cuo)施(shi)。

④疏(shu)(shu)花疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)授粉：采(cai)用人工授粉，蜜蜂或壁(bi)峰(feng)傳粉等方(fang)(fang)法提(ti)高(gao)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)(lv)和(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)整(zheng)齊度。疏(shu)(shu)花疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)：疏(shu)(shu)花：石(shi)榴的花量(liang)(liang)大(da)，不完(wan)全花占(zhan)極(ji)大(da)比例(li)，開花對營養消耗甚多(duo)(duo)，及時(shi)疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)不完(wan)全花，在花蕾能分辨(bian)完(wan)全花時(shi)進行，越(yue)早越(yue)好。第(di)三茬的完(wan)全花在一(yi)、二茬坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)已達(da)負荷(he)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)也疏(shu)(shu)掉。從(cong)可識別花時(shi)開始每(mei)10天疏(shu)(shu)1次(ci)(ci)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)：疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)用多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)頭(tou)花果(guo)(guo)(guo)，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)二次(ci)(ci)果(guo)(guo)(guo)，疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)三次(ci)(ci)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的方(fang)(fang)法，強樹(shu)(shu)、強枝(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)，弱樹(shu)(shu)弱枝(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。弱樹(shu)(shu)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)部不留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。上層多(duo)(duo)疏(shu)(shu)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)，內、下層少(shao)疏(shu)(shu)多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。花前(qian)環割和(he)花果(guo)(guo)(guo)期摘除旺梢：花前(qian)（5月初）在旺樹(shu)(shu)主干或主枝(zhi)(zhi)，大(da)輔(fu)養枝(zhi)(zhi)上環割兩道，提(ti)高(gao)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)(lv)。在花期和(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期多(duo)(duo)次(ci)(ci)抹除背上旺梢，提(ti)高(gao)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)(lv)和(he)減輕落(luo)花落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。

⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石榴(liu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)多年生(sheng)(sheng)高大植(zhi)物，病(bing)害(hai)(hai)較(jiao)少發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則：遵(zun)照植(zhi)保方(fang)針(zhen)，預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主，綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施以農(nong)業和(he)(he)物理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主，生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)核心，按照病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規律和(he)(he)經濟閾(yu)值，有效控制病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)危害(hai)(hai)。農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：采取(qu)剪除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)枝、消除(chu)(chu)(chu)枯枝落葉(xie)、刮除(chu)(chu)(chu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干翹裂皮、翻樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤、科學施肥等措施抑制病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。將(jiang)剪除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)枝和(he)(he)消除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)枯枝落葉(xie)、刮除(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干翹裂皮運出果園并焚(fen)燒，燒凈、燒透。物理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：根據害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)物學特性，采取(qu)糖醋(cu)液、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干纏草(cao)繩和(he)(he)黑光燈等方(fang)法誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：人工釋放(fang)赤眼蜂，助遷和(he)(he)保護瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、草(cao)蛉、捕(bu)食螨等天(tian)敵，利用昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)性外激素(su)誘(you)殺(sha)或(huo)干擾成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交配。

4、產品收(shou)獲：根據果實(shi)成熟度、用途和(he)市場(chang)需求綜合確定(ding)采(cai)收(shou)適(shi)期(qi)(qi)。成熟期(qi)(qi)不一致的品種，應分期(qi)(qi)采(cai)收(shou)。

5、生產(chan)記錄要求：嶧城石榴的生產(chan)環節要規范操作，要求嚴格(ge)記錄，并建檔保存。

六(liu).包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定

1、分級：對交售的(de)產品進行挑選，清除觀感較差的(de)果(guo)子，去除果(guo)蒂。

2、包(bao)裝：包(bao)裝物為專用紙(zhi)箱。裝箱前認真填寫(xie)品名、規格、凈重(zhong)、產地(di)、檢(jian)驗員(yuan)、日期、收貨人、批號(hao)。用膠袋封(feng)口(kou)機封(feng)箱。

3、標(biao)識(shi)：原料收(shou)獲專(zhuan)用包裝(zhuang)標(biao)簽填寫(xie)：品名、規格、數量、產(chan)地、檢驗員、日期、收(shou)貨人(ren)、批號。裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)時(shi)填寫(xie)生產(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)，認真記錄(lu)(lu):品名、生產(chan)日期、數量、生產(chan)負(fu)責人(ren)、檢驗員、原料批號等。

4、貯(zhu)(zhu)藏：分(fen)級包裝(zhuang)號的(de)產品(pin)應(ying)存放在指定的(de)倉庫或恒溫庫(5℃)，以防(fang)損(sun)壞，并加(jia)以標(biao)識。貯(zhu)(zhu)存區域要清潔(jie)，環境(jing)適(shi)宜，物品(pin)擺(bai)放整齊(qi)有(you)序(xu)，定期檢查庫存情況，貫徹(che)先進先出的(de)原則。