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嶧城石榴
0 票數:0 #地方特產#
嶧城石榴,山東省棗莊市嶧城區特產。中國地理標志產品“國家農產品地理標志保護”、“國家地理標志產品保護”雙認證。嶧城區地理條件適宜,石榴種植歷史始于悠久,所產石榴個大皮薄,色澤鮮艷光潔,籽粒晶瑩飽滿,曾入選“奧運會推薦果品”。相關的榴葉茶、榴芽茶非常暢銷,嶧城石榴盆景打入國際園藝市場。是中國國內栽培面積最大、優良品種最多、產量最高、品質最優的石榴生產基地之一,也是中國國內最大的石榴盆景、石榴樹樁、石榴苗木、石榴盆景半成品的集散地。
  • 分類: 水(shui)果
  • 產地: 山東省棗莊市(shi)嶧城區
  • 農產品標志產品編號: AGI00044
  • 農產品標志證書持有者: 嶧城區標準化農(nong)業產業協會(hui)
  • 農產品標志登記年份: 2008年
  • 參考網址:
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一.產品介紹

石榴種(zhong)植(zhi)主要(yao)分布在嶧城區榴園鎮轄區內的王(wang)府山莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、魏樓、白樓、曹馬、小莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)子、北(bei)(bei)孫莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、和順莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、朱村等八個(ge)行政(zheng)村。地(di)勢(shi)北(bei)(bei)高南(nan)低,平均海拔185米,耕地(di)面積 9.4萬畝,四季分明,光照充足,雨(yu)熱同期(qi),光、熱、水資源時(shi)序變(bian)化與作物(wu)生(sheng)長期(qi)匹配良(liang)好(hao),水土保持(chi)良(liang)好(hao),生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境優異(yi),系(xi)國家級生(sheng)態(tai)示范區、省級標準化生(sheng)產基地(di)。基地(di)遠離工礦企業,大氣、土壤(rang)、水質優良(liang),具有發展無公害(hai)農產品、綠色食品、有機(ji)食品生(sheng)產的獨特條件和優勢(shi)。

二.自然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷史(shi)因(yin)素

1、土(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:嶧城(cheng)石榴(liu)(liu)園地處魯中(zhong)南丘(qiu)陵邊緣地帶,地貌類型(xing)多樣,山(shan)區土(tu)壤為(wei)石灰質、巖(yan)母質發育的沙土(tu)和棕(zong)壤,呈(cheng)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)到微堿性(xing)(xing)反應。山(shan)中(zhong)下部土(tu)層較(jiao)厚,孔(kong)隙度好,水肥氣熱協調,經取土(tu)化驗,耕層土(tu)壤養分含量為(wei)有(you)機質1.46%,氮(dan)含量0.08%,速(su)效磷12mg/kg,速(su)效鉀105.3mg/kg,堿解氮(dan)88mg/kg,有(you)利于(yu)石榴(liu)(liu)的生長(chang)。

2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:石(shi)榴(liu)園(yuan)處于大(da)山深處,年均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)895mm,石(shi)榴(liu)生(sheng)長期間(jian)的降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)占全年降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的85%以上,非(fei)常有利(li)于石(shi)榴(liu)生(sheng)長發育的需要,為降(jiang)低生(sheng)產成本提(ti)供(gong)了極其便利(li)的自(zi)然(ran)條件。

3、氣候情(qing)況:石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)光(guang)(guang)照充足(zu),熱量(liang)資源豐(feng)富,氣候溫(wen)暖,雨熱同期(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)(you)利于(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),光(guang)(guang)照條(tiao)件良好,雨量(liang)集中,四季分明。光(guang)(guang)照:年(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數2376.0小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)照百分率49%,年(nian)光(guang)(guang)輻射量(liang)117.5千(qian)卡/平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi),有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)合作用(yong)(yong)。溫(wen)度(du):年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)13.9℃,≥10℃積溫(wen),4629.5℃,7月均(jun)氣溫(wen)最低(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-1.4℃,全(quan)年(nian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)193天。有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui):年(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)895mm,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)占全(quan)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)(de)85%以(yi)上,非(fei)常有(you)(you)利于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)(de)需要,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本提(ti)供了(le)極(ji)其便利的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)條(tiao)件。榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鎮石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)產(chan)條(tiao)件優(you)越,農(nong)民(min)具有(you)(you)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)管(guan)理經驗。溝(gou)、渠、路、橋、閘、水(shui)(shui)、涵、電、林(lin)網(wang)配(pei)套齊全(quan)設施(shi)良好,灌(guan)溉用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)無(wu)(wu)(wu)污染。 4、人(ren)文歷史情(qing)況:嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)舊稱嶧(yi)(yi)縣(xian),自(zi)西漢(han)設縣(xian)以(yi)來(lai),在(zai)歷代(dai)興替(ti)沿革中一(yi)直是州縣(xian)治所,1962年(nian)建(jian)制為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)。嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)歷史悠(you)久,文化(hua)(hua)燦爛,名人(ren)輩出,“一(yi)代(dai)鴻儒”蕭(xiao)望(wang)之(zhi),“散(san)金(jin)濟(ji)貧”的(de)(de)疏廣(guang)、疏受,“鑿壁偷光(guang)(guang)”的(de)(de)漢(han)相匡衡(heng),“克己恭儉”的(de)(de)王(wang)良及明代(dai)兵部(bu)右侍郎賈(jia)三近(jin)等皆出于(yu)嶧(yi)(yi)地。嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)著悠(you)久的(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷史。據《博(bo)物志》記載,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)原產(chan)西域,西漢(han)武(wu)帝(di)年(nian)間(jian),漢(han)使(shi)張騫(qian)從涂林(lin)安石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(現伊朗)引(yin)入中原。丞相匡衡(heng)從皇家上林(lin)苑引(yin)至家鄉(今山東省(sheng)棗(zao)莊(zhuang)市嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)匡談村(cun)(cun))栽(zai)培(pei)(pei),到現在(zai)已有(you)(you)2000多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史,1987年(nian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)花(hua)(hua)被定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棗(zao)莊(zhuang)市市花(hua)(hua),至今發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)十萬余(yu)畝(mu)的(de)(de)規(gui)模。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)委、區(qu)(qu)(qu)政府(fu)立足(zu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)資源優(you)勢,著重(zhong)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)上下功夫,在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)上做(zuo)文章,有(you)(you)力(li)提(ti)高了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)科技含量(liang)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)附加(jia)值(zhi)。以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,建(jian)立健全(quan)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)操作規(gui)程(cheng),加(jia)大生(sheng)產(chan)環節監管(guan),2002年(nian)“榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”牌石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)被農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin),同年(nian)“榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)基(ji)地列(lie)入山東省(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)地;以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)文化(hua)(hua)開發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,組建(jian)了(le)全(quan)國最大的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin),1992年(nian)嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)被開辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中國友好觀光(guang)(guang)年(nian)“花(hua)(hua)之(zhi)路”旅(lv)游(you)線主(zhu)要旅(lv)游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi),年(nian)接待(dai)中外游(you)客15萬人(ren),2007年(nian)被國家命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)AAAA級(ji)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you)示(shi)(shi)范景區(qu)(qu)(qu);以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)開發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深加(jia)工企業(ye)(ye)3處,年(nian)產(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)飲料2000萬聽,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)茶500噸,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)紅酒300噸;組建(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)銷協(xie)會1個(ge),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)集散(san)市場(chang)8處,創造營銷額(e)近(jin)9000余(yu)萬元(yuan);以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)藝(yi)開發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)相繼(ji)建(jian)立了(le)康居盆(pen)景園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)生(sheng)態示(shi)(shi)范園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)產(chan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)景5萬盆(pen),年(nian)創效益1500余(yu)萬元(yuan),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國獨一(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)二的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)盆(pen)景花(hua)(hua)卉市場(chang);以(yi)庭院(yuan)經濟(ji)開發(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,扶持石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)庭院(yuan)經濟(ji)開發(fa)(fa)村(cun)(cun)8個(ge),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特色經濟(ji)示(shi)(shi)范戶200余(yu)戶,年(nian)創社會效益800余(yu)萬元(yuan)。在(zai)做(zuo)大、做(zuo)強石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)同時(shi),嶧(yi)(yi)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)不斷加(jia)強石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種質(zhi)資源保護,投(tou)資8600余(yu)萬元(yuan)建(jian)設了(le)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技示(shi)(shi)范園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),規(gui)劃(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種質(zhi)示(shi)(shi)范園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)80畝(mu)。預計項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)成(cheng)后(hou),可(ke)引(yin)進國內(nei)外石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)品(pin)(pin)種80余(yu)個(ge),將成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)擁有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)品(pin)(pin)種最多的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。

三.地域范圍

嶧城石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)的地(di)域保護范圍為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)棗(zao)莊市嶧城區境內。地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經117°22'-49',北緯34°35'-51',東(dong)西長41km,南(nan)北寬30.9km,品種43個,代(dai)表品種有(you)大青皮、大紅袍、大馬牙、謝花(hua)甜、冰(bing)糖籽(zi)等。嶧城石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)也因其面積大、品種多(duo)、產量高而(er)成為(wei)(wei)全國主要的石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)生(sheng)產基地(di)之一。1996年(nian)被國家(jia)農業部命(ming)(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)之鄉”;依托石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)資源開(kai)發的“中(zhong)(zhong)華冠世榴(liu)(liu)園”于2001年(nian)被上海吉尼(ni)斯大世界總部命(ming)(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“吉尼(ni)斯大世界之最”;也是“國家(jia)級生(sheng)態示范區”,2002年(nian)被山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)政(zheng)府命(ming)(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)無(wu)公害石(shi)(shi)榴(liu)(liu)生(sheng)產基地(di)。

四.產(chan)品品質特性特征

1、外在感官特征:嶧城石(shi)榴果(guo)實呈圓球形(xing),成熟后果(guo)皮亮麗,質感厚重,單果(guo)重600-1000克(ke),一般2年(nian)開花(hua)、3年(nian)結果(guo),不(bu)僅可(ke)供鮮食(shi),亦可(ke)加工成高級清涼飲(yin)。

2、內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:嶧城(cheng)石榴(liu)以其源遠(yuan)流(liu)長的發展(zhan)歷史,具有個(ge)大、汁多(duo)、味甜(tian)、質優、豐產(chan)、耐貯運等(deng)特(te)點(dian),獨具一格的地方特(te)色,享譽古今中(zhong)外(wai),其果(guo)(guo)實(shi)味酸甜(tian)、性溫(wen)澀、富含(han)多(duo)種營養(yang),經現代醫學測定(山東省農科院分析結果(guo)(guo))石榴(liu)籽中(zhong)含(han)有較多(duo)的糖(tang)份(fen),100g可食(shi)果(guo)(guo)含(han)可溶性果(guo)(guo)酸3.75g/100g;果(guo)(guo)糖(tang)15 g/100g;還(huan)原型VC19.27mg/100g;磷69.6m g/100g;鉀242.5mg/100g;鈣1.98m g/100g,等(deng)微量元素(su)的含(han)量比一般(ban)水果(guo)(guo)高,而脂(zhi)肪、蛋(dan)白質的含(han)量較少(shao),且有較高的營養(yang)保健和醫補(bu)價值。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)以鮮吃為主。

3、安全要求(qiu):石榴(liu)種(zhong)植基地位于(yu)嶧城(cheng)區(qu)駐地西部(bu),距城(cheng)區(qu)5km,是山東省標準化(hua)生產(chan)基地(基地環(huan)境已檢(jian)測,報(bao)告編(bian)(bian)號(hao)20022602)。所產(chan)石榴(liu)于(yu)2004年獲(huo)農業部(bu)無公害農產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)(證(zheng)書編(bian)(bian)號(hao):WGH-04-02214),2007年獲(huo)有機食品(pin)認證(zheng)(證(zheng)書編(bian)(bian)號(hao):COFCC-R-0510-0084)。

五(wu).特(te)定生產方(fang)式

1、產地(di)選擇(ze)與特殊內容規定:嶧城(cheng)石榴選擇(ze)空氣清新(xin)、大(da)氣未受污染、環境(jing)質量符合(he)國家大(da)氣環境(jing)質量標準GB3905-82中所列的一級標準。基地(di)應(ying)選離公路、鐵(tie)路主(zhu)要交通干線及工礦區(qu),避開工業及城(cheng)市污染源影響,距離要大(da)于5km。

2、品種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特定要求:嶧城石榴(liu)品種(zhong)和砧(zhen)木的選擇(ze)應以區域化(hua)和良(liang)種(zhong)化(hua)為基礎,遵(zun)照石榴(liu)區劃,結合當地(di)自然條(tiao)件,選擇(ze)優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong),實行適(shi)地(di)適(shi)栽。在(zai)我區適(shi)宜發展大紅袍、大青皮(pi)、大馬(ma)牙等石榴(liu)品種(zhong)。石榴(liu)多用枝條(tiao)扦(qian)插繁殖,不(bu)需砧(zhen)木。

3、生(sheng)產過程管理:

①栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)整地(di)(di):按(an)行(xing)(xing)株距挖(wa)深寬0.8-1m的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)溝(gou)穴(xue)(xue),溝(gou)穴(xue)(xue)底(di)填厚30cm左右的(de)(de)(de)作物秸稈(gan)。挖(wa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)表土與足量(liang)腐熟土雜肥回(hui)填溝(gou)穴(xue)(xue)中。待填至低于地(di)(di)面20cm后(hou)灌水澆透,使土沉實(shi),然后(hou)覆上一(yi)層表土保墑。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)方式與密度:平地(di)(di)、灘地(di)(di)和6度以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)緩坡(po)地(di)(di)為(wei)長(chang)方形栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),6-15度的(de)(de)(de)坡(po)地(di)(di)為(wei)等(deng)高(gao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。授(shou)粉樹(shu)配(pei)置(zhi):建園時可選(xuan)(xuan)用2-4個(ge)以上的(de)(de)(de)優(you)良品(pin)種,按(an)等(deng)量(liang)成(cheng)行(xing)(xing)配(pei)置(zhi),也(ye)(ye)可實(shi)行(xing)(xing)差量(liang)成(cheng)行(xing)(xing)配(pei)置(zhi)(主栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)種與授(shou)粉品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)比(bi)例(li)4-4.5:1)。苗(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與處(chu)理:選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)苗(miao)高(gao)80-100cm,具(ju)較大(da)側根(gen)3-5條(tiao),無大(da)的(de)(de)(de)劈傷、撕(si)傷。核實(shi)品(pin)種,剔除不合格苗(miao)木(mu),修剪根(gen)系,用水浸根(gen)后(hou),分級(ji)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)時間(jian):石(shi)榴苗(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)一(yi)般在(zai)春(chun)季(ji)進行(xing)(xing),從土壤解凍(dong)到芽萌動,越晚越好(hao)。也(ye)(ye)可秋栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),10月下(xia)旬到12月上旬,越早越好(hao)。雨季(ji)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)要在(zai)陰天冒雨進行(xing)(xing)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)技術:在(zai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)溝(gou)內(nei)按(an)株距挖(wa)深寬30cm的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)將苗(miao)木(mu)放入穴(xue)(xue)中央,舒展根(gen)系,扶正(zheng)苗(miao)木(mu),縱(zong)橫成(cheng)行(xing)(xing),邊填土邊提苗(miao)、踏實(shi)。填土完畢在(zai)樹(shu)苗(miao)周圍做直徑1m的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)盤,立(li)(li)即灌水,澆后(hou)覆蓋地(di)(di)膜保墑。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)深度以苗(miao)木(mu)出(chu)圃時的(de)(de)(de)深度為(wei)準春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)植(zhi)后(hou)立(li)(li)即定(ding)干(gan);秋栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)翌年(nian)春(chun)季(ji)萌芽前定(ding)干(gan)。定(ding)干(gan)后(hou),采取適當措施保護剪口。

②土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水管(guan)理(li)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤管(guan)理(li)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu):分為(wei)(wei)擴穴(xue)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)全園深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan),每(mei)年(nian)秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收后(hou)結(jie)合(he)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)進行。擴穴(xue)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)為(wei)(wei)在定植(zhi)穴(xue)外(wai)挖(wa)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)寬80cm,深(shen)(shen)60cm左右。全園深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)為(wei)(wei)將栽植(zhi)穴(xue)外(wai)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤全部(bu)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan),深(shen)(shen)度30cm-40cm。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤回填時(shi)混以土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)雜肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)放(fang)在底(di)層,底(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)放(fang)在上層,使根(gen)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)密接。清耕制(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)降(jiang)雨后(hou),及時(shi)中(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤疏(shu)松無(wu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。中(zhong)耕深(shen)(shen)度5cm-10cm,以利調溫(wen)保墑。覆(fu)(fu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)埋(mai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao):覆(fu)(fu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在春季(ji)進行。覆(fu)(fu)蓋材(cai)料可(ke)以用麥秸、麥糠、玉米秸、干草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等。把覆(fu)(fu)蓋物覆(fu)(fu)蓋在樹冠(guan)(guan)下(xia),厚度10cm-15cm,上面壓少量(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、連覆(fu)(fu)3-4年(nian)后(hou)淺(qian)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)1次。也(ye)可(ke)結(jie)合(he)深(shen)(shen)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)開大溝(gou)(gou)埋(mai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)和(he)蓄水能力(li)。種植(zhi)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)行間(jian)生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao):行間(jian)提(ti)倡(chang)間(jian)作三葉草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、毛葉苕子、扁葉黃芪等綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作物,通過(guo)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)壓,覆(fu)(fu)蓋和(he)漚制(zhi)等方法(fa)(fa)將其(qi)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)榴園有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。有灌溉條件的石(shi)榴園提(ti)倡(chang)行間(jian)生(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)制(zhi)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則:追施(shi)(shi)腐熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)雜肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以保持或增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)及土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤微生(sheng)物活性。所施(shi)(shi)用的肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料不應對果(guo)(guo)(guo)園環境(jing)和(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)品質產(chan)生(sheng)不良影響。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法(fa)(fa)和(he)數(shu)量(liang):秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收后(hou)到落(luo)葉前施(shi)(shi)入,施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)按生(sheng)產(chan)1kg石(shi)榴2kg優質農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以上計(ji)算。施(shi)(shi)用方法(fa)(fa)以溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)或撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在樹冠(guan)(guan)投影范圍內(nei)。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)挖(wa)放(fang)射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)或樹冠(guan)(guan)外(wai)圍控環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)60cm-80cm;撒(sa)施(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻地撒(sa)于樹冠(guan)(guan)下(xia),并翻(fan)(fan)(fan)深(shen)(shen)20cm。

③整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪適(shi)宜樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing):定植后即根據栽(zai)培密度選(xuan)定適(shi)宜樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。800左右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高3.0-3.5m,無主(zhu)干(gan)(gan),具有3個方位角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)120度的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每個主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與地面水(shui)平夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)40-45度,每個主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分別(bie)分配(pei)生(sheng)(sheng)3-4個側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期:根據樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)結(jie)構,選(xuan)擇培養(yang)(yang)好骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),擴(kuo)大(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)。除競爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)近地枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢外,保留(liu)(liu)定干(gan)(gan)后發出的(de)(de)(de)所有枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條。第2-3個冬季(ji)(ji)時(shi)蔬除整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)帶以下的(de)(de)(de)多余枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條。對(dui)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采用回縮到旺長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)二次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)促長(chang)(chang)方法(fa),不在原頭短(duan)截(jie)。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。對(dui)輔養(yang)(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)疏(shu)除其上(shang)旺稍,控制生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),環割(ge)促進座(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。初(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期:繼續培養(yang)(yang)各(ge)主(zhu)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),逐步培養(yang)(yang)各(ge)類(lei)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。疏(shu)除無用枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)纖(xian)細(xi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培養(yang)(yang)以中(zhong)(zhong)小枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),長(chang)(chang)勢中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)、二次(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較多的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩放,促進花(hua)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo);細(xi)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕度短(duan)截(jie),更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯。以輕剪、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu),去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),留(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)偏弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);去(qu)(qu)直立枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),留(liu)(liu)水(shui)平斜(xie)(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);去(qu)(qu)病(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),保健壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);多疏(shu)少截(jie)或不截(jie),變向(xiang)、緩剪,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)開(kai)張結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)好。加強(qiang)(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)修(xiu)(xiu)剪。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期:以疏(shu)除無用枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)纖(xian)細(xi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)蟲(chong)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等為(wei)主(zhu),培養(yang)(yang)以中(zhong)(zhong)小為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)健壯結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),調節(jie)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量,合理負載。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)及(ji)時(shi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯,掌(zhang)握結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)筷子粗細(xi),結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間要(yao)保持(chi)一定距離,防止交叉(cha)、重疊。強(qiang)(qiang)旺樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、弱(ruo)(ruo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)健壯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分別(bie)采取以“控”、“促”和(he)(he)“保”為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)剪措施,使樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體穩定健壯。更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯:以縮剪更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)主(zhu),對(dui)衰弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重回縮1/3-1/2,剪口保留(liu)(liu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)出后,根據樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)求整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)干(gan)(gan)枯死亡,地面有健壯萌蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),也可將(jiang)原骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)基部(bu)鋸除,利用根際萌蘗整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),培養(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)。對(dui)衰老樹(shu)(shu)(shu)采用“去(qu)(qu)舊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、去(qu)(qu)弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)強(qiang)(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),去(qu)(qu)遠枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)近枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),去(qu)(qu)斜(xie)(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)、水(shui)平枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、留(liu)(liu)直立強(qiang)(qiang)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)壯措施。

④疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)授粉(fen):采用人工授粉(fen),蜜蜂(feng)或壁(bi)峰傳粉(fen)等(deng)方法(fa)提(ti)高座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率和果(guo)(guo)(guo)實整齊度。疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo):疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua):石榴的花(hua)(hua)(hua)量大,不(bu)完全(quan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)占極大比例,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)對營養消耗甚多,及時(shi)疏(shu)去(qu)不(bu)完全(quan)花(hua)(hua)(hua),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾能分辨完全(quan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)進行,越(yue)早(zao)越(yue)好。第三茬的完全(quan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)在一、二茬坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)達負荷量時(shi)也(ye)疏(shu)掉(diao)。從可識別(bie)花(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)開始每10天疏(shu)1次(ci)。疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo):疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)采用多留(liu)(liu)(liu)頭花(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo),選留(liu)(liu)(liu)二次(ci)果(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)去(qu)三次(ci)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的方法(fa),強(qiang)樹(shu)、強(qiang)枝(zhi)應多留(liu)(liu)(liu),弱樹(shu)弱枝(zhi)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。弱樹(shu)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)頭部不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。上(shang)層多疏(shu)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu),內、下層少(shao)疏(shu)多留(liu)(liu)(liu)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)環割(ge)和花(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)摘除旺(wang)梢:花(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(5月初)在旺(wang)樹(shu)主干或主枝(zhi),大輔養枝(zhi)上(shang)環割(ge)兩道,提(ti)高座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率。在花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)和幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)多次(ci)抹除背(bei)上(shang)旺(wang)梢,提(ti)高座果(guo)(guo)(guo)率和減輕落花(hua)(hua)(hua)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)。

⑤病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治石榴樹(shu)(shu)為(wei)多年生(sheng)高大植物(wu),病(bing)(bing)害較少發生(sheng)。防(fang)治原則:遵照植保(bao)方針,預防(fang)為(wei)主(zhu),綜(zong)合防(fang)治。防(fang)治措(cuo)施以農業和(he)(he)物(wu)理(li)防(fang)治為(wei)主(zhu),生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治為(wei)核(he)心,按(an)照病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)規(gui)律和(he)(he)經濟閾(yu)值,有(you)效控(kong)制病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害危害。農業防(fang)治:采取剪除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)、消除(chu)(chu)枯(ku)枝(zhi)落葉、刮除(chu)(chu)樹(shu)(shu)干翹裂皮、翻樹(shu)(shu)盤、科學施肥等措(cuo)施抑(yi)制病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)。將剪除(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)枝(zhi)和(he)(he)消除(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)枯(ku)枝(zhi)落葉、刮除(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)干翹裂皮運(yun)出果園并焚燒(shao),燒(shao)凈(jing)、燒(shao)透(tou)。物(wu)理(li)防(fang)治:根據害蟲(chong)生(sheng)物(wu)學特性,采取糖醋液、樹(shu)(shu)干纏(chan)草繩和(he)(he)黑光燈等方法(fa)誘殺害蟲(chong)。生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治:人工釋放赤眼蜂(feng),助遷和(he)(he)保(bao)護瓢蟲(chong)、草蛉、捕食螨等天(tian)敵,利用昆(kun)蟲(chong)性外激(ji)素誘殺或干擾(rao)成蟲(chong)交配。

4、產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo):根據果實成熟(shu)度、用途(tu)和(he)市場需求(qiu)綜合確定采(cai)收(shou)適(shi)期。成熟(shu)期不一致的品(pin)種,應分期采(cai)收(shou)。

5、生產記(ji)錄要求:嶧城石榴的生產環節要規范操(cao)作,要求嚴(yan)格(ge)記(ji)錄,并建檔保存。

六.包(bao)裝標識相關(guan)規定

1、分級(ji):對交售的產品進行挑選(xuan),清除觀感較差(cha)的果子,去除果蒂。

2、包裝:包裝物為專用紙箱。裝箱前認真(zhen)填(tian)寫品(pin)名(ming)、規格、凈重、產地(di)、檢驗員、日(ri)期、收貨人、批號。用膠袋封(feng)口機封(feng)箱。

3、標(biao)識:原料收獲專用包裝標(biao)簽填(tian)寫(xie):品(pin)名、規格、數(shu)量、產(chan)(chan)地、檢(jian)驗員、日期(qi)、收貨人、批(pi)號。裝箱(xiang)時填(tian)寫(xie)生產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu),認真記錄(lu):品(pin)名、生產(chan)(chan)日期(qi)、數(shu)量、生產(chan)(chan)負責人、檢(jian)驗員、原料批(pi)號等。

4、貯(zhu)藏:分級包裝號的產品(pin)應存放在指定的倉庫或恒(heng)溫庫(5℃),以防損壞,并加(jia)以標識。貯(zhu)存區域要清潔,環境適宜,物品(pin)擺放整齊有序(xu),定期檢查庫存情況,貫(guan)徹先進(jin)先出的原則。

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