一.產品介紹
蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)被(bei)譽為“中(zhong)國海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)苗(miao)(miao)種之鄉”。蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)區(qu)(qu)志(zhi)(zhi) 蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)區(qu)(qu)續志(zhi)(zhi)(卷(juan)之五(wu)食貨志(zhi)(zhi) 清(qing)光緒十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1886年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))魚屬 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)。蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)區(qu)(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(山東(dong)省蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)市史志(zhi)(zhi)編纂委員會 編 齊魯書社出(chu)版發行1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)) 盛產(chan)(chan)(chan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)系國內(nei)20余種食用海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)中(zhong)的(de)上乘佳品(pin),營養(yang)(yang)(yang)價值極高。第(di)330頁,第(di)五(wu)節描(miao)述(shu),80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),縣(xian)內(nei)開始養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)等海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心首次在近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)苗(miao)(miao)種,到(dao)1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)投放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)苗(miao)(miao)種220萬頭(tou)。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)0.1噸(dun),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)后的(de)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)均(jun)為0.25噸(dun)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心進行50畝(mu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)實驗,1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收獲,效果(guo)頗佳,單位面(mian)積存貨12.9頭(tou)/平方米,平均(jun)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)18.2公斤(干品(pin))。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達(da)到(dao)800畝(mu),少量(liang)采(cai)(cai)捕400公斤(干品(pin))。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達(da)到(dao)1000畝(mu)。煙臺水產(chan)(chan)(chan)志(zhi)(zhi)(山東(dong)省出(chu)版總社煙臺分社1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))第(di)67頁描(miao)述(shu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)全(quan)市只有(you)刺參(can)(can)一種。除了萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽(yang)縣(xian)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)外其余各縣(xian)(市、區(qu)(qu))凡有(you)巖礁、礫(li)石和大葉藻叢生的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域,都有(you)分布,其中(zhong)以蓬萊(lai)(lai)(lai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)最多,據調查,全(quan)市海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)資源面(mian)積約(yue)8.8萬畝(mu)。資源現存量(liang)5252噸(dun)(鮮品(pin)),適宜年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采(cai)(cai)量(liang)約(yue)1000噸(dun),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)采(cai)(cai)捕在民國以前(qian),靠人(ren)力漚水潛底撈取或在海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian)游泳用叉槍刺扎。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
1、獨(du)特的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件:蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)市地渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)峽南岸(an)(an)(an),膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島北部中央,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)線全長60km。屬季(ji)(ji)風型大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)具(ju)有溫和濕潤(run),四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)溫變化幅(fu)度(du)較(jiao)小,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫12.2℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降雨640.6mm,7-8月份為多雨季(ji)(ji)節(jie),達300-370mm,占全年(nian)(nian)總(zong)降水量的50-55﹪。由于(yu)(yu)蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)地處(chu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島北海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島及遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島將渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)環繞其中,而蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)則(ze)伸入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)中,受海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋調節(jie),冬季(ji)(ji)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏季(ji)(ji)無(wu)酷暑,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)涼爽,光(guang)照充足,地處(chu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經120°35'~121°09',北緯37°25'~37°50',37℃的黃金緯度(du)可(ke)生(sheng)產品質極為優良的“蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)”。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)生(sheng)長繁(fan)殖季(ji)(ji)節(jie),溫度(du)適(shi)宜,光(guang)照充足,有利于(yu)(yu)各(ge)種餌料生(sheng)物的繁(fan)殖與生(sheng)長,適(shi)宜的獨(du)特的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件為“蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)”的生(sheng)存與生(sheng)長提供了基礎。
2、獨特的(de)(de)底質條(tiao)件:蓬(peng)萊沿海(hai)屬于基巖海(hai)岸,由于山(shan)崖和(he)(he)(he)岬角的(de)(de)延(yan)伸,形(xing)成了一些(xie)登州(zhou)、灣(wan)(wan)子口、銅井、劉(liu)家旺、五十里堡等天(tian)然的(de)(de)小型(xing)(xing)港灣(wan)(wan)。沿岸坡度較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)多(duo),灘涂面積較(jiao)少(shao),而3-15m等深線以內(nei)(nei)海(hai)域則(ze)多(duo)以沙(sha)礫、巖礁(jiao)(jiao)、貝殼、礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主。灣(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)緩(huan)而暢通,流(liu)速(su)緩(huan)慢、風浪較(jiao)小的(de)(de)淺海(hai)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)灣(wan)(wan),其上分布著各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)海(hai)藻(zao)(zao)主要(yao)有鼠尾藻(zao)(zao)、海(hai)嵩(song)子、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)莼、條(tiao)滸臺(tai)、條(tiao)斑紫菜、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)菜和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)葉藻(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)量硅藻(zao)(zao)、圓篩藻(zao)(zao)等浮游植(zhi)物和(he)(he)(he)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)物, 含(han)泥量10%以下(xia)(沙(sha)礫為(wei)(wei)主、泥沙(sha)混(hun)合、沙(sha)粒較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)、細沙(sha)和(he)(he)(he)粉沙(sha)含(han)量少(shao))最(zui)適宜海(hai)參棲(qi)息礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)態(tai)各(ge)異、大(da)(da)(da)小不(bu)等,交(jiao)錯排列,形(xing)成很多(duo)縫(feng)隙、孔(kong)洞的(de)(de)礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)參”生(sheng)長提供了充(chong)足的(de)(de)餌料,同時也為(wei)(wei)“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)參”提供了良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)存繁衍的(de)(de)環境條(tiao)件。
3、獨(du)特(te)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)條件:蓬(peng)萊沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)屬于正(zheng)規半日潮,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)大(da)(da)潮升為(wei)(wei)169cm,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)小潮升為(wei)(wei)139cm,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面100cm,潮流(liu)(liu)從低潮開始為(wei)(wei)東(dong)流(liu)(liu),在(zai)(zai)高潮前0.5-1小時轉西流(liu)(liu),東(dong)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較小,西流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較大(da)(da),最大(da)(da)2.3節,但是不規則。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)透明(ming)度變(bian)化范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)90-380cm,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)12.2℃,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)PH值為(wei)(wei)8.2;鹽(yan)度為(wei)(wei)28.8-31.7‰,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中溶(rong)解氧年(nian)變(bian)化范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)8.9-12.8。所以(yi)說蓬(peng)萊海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)浪流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)肥沃而清(qing)新,無(wu)污染源。“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參”屬狹鹽(yan)性動(dong)物,生活在(zai)(zai)潮流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清(qing)澈、無(wu)大(da)(da)量淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)注入的(de)巖礁底或沙底。其生活區多富有(you)底棲硅藻(zao)及大(da)(da)型藻(zao)類。幼小個體多生活在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)葉藻(zao)基部(bu)及礁石、礫石下,成年(nian)個體逐漸移向深水(shui)(shui)(shui)區,即分布在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深8~20m的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)底。獨(du)特(te)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)條件為(wei)(wei)“蓬(peng)萊海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參”的(de)生長棲息提供了天然的(de)有(you)利條件,可以(yi)生產品質(zhi)優的(de)”蓬(peng)萊海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參”。
三.地域范圍
“蓬(peng)(peng)萊海(hai)參”的生產地域范(fan)圍是:蓬(peng)(peng)萊閣街道(西莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、林格莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、新港街道(矯格莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大皂孫家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、灣子(zi)口村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙格莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、銅(tong)井村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、營子(zi)里村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉家(jia)旺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、劉家(jia)溝鎮(東(dong)趙村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、木基遲家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南吳(wu)家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解宋(song)營西村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解宋(song)營東(dong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、朱家(jia)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、墟(xu)里村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、海(hai)頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、潮(chao)水鎮(衙前村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))周(zhou)圍海(hai)域。地理坐標為東(dong)經120°40'32.25"-121°01'26.23",北緯37°42'39.01"-37°50'43.45"。地域保護養殖面積(ji)1萬公頃,年產量5000噸。
四(si).產(chan)品品質特性特征
1、產(chan)品品質(zhi)特色:體形肥(fei)滿、圓筒(tong)狀,體長(chang)一般20-40cm,體寬3~6cm,體表亮(liang)潔呈(cheng)黃(huang)褐色或(huo)栗黑(hei)色。背面稍隆起,上有4~6行挺直圓錐形的肉刺(疣突)。腹面色淺,一般呈(cheng)淺黃(huang)褐色。具有海(hai)參(can)特有的海(hai)鮮味(wei),無異味(wei)。 內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao):口感清爽,味(wei)道(dao)鮮美,營養豐富,鮮參(can)含有蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥5.00g/100g、脂肪≤0.10g/100g、鈣≥30mg/100g、鋅(xin)≥3.0mg/kg。
2、質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):嚴格(ge)按照以上“特定(ding)生(sheng)產方式(shi)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所提到的(de)產地環境(jing)、育(yu)苗和(he)養(yang)殖中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)要求從事生(sheng)產經營,嚴格(ge)執行《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)法》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國農產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)法》、GB18406.4《農產品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)質(zhi)(zhi)量無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害水(shui)(shui)產品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)要求》、NY5052《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)標準》、NY5328《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)海(hai)參》、NY 5071《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)漁用(yong)(yong)藥物使用(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》、NY 5073《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)產品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有毒有害物質(zhi)(zhi)限量》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)各(ge)項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)標準。按照上述各(ge)項(xiang)標準要求,制訂質(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)(li)細則(ze),強(qiang)化完善(shan)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理(li)(li)制度,確(que)保“蓬萊海(hai)參”的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)。
五.特定(ding)生產方式(shi)
1、產地環(huan)境(jing):蓬萊沿海海區(qu)自然生態環(huan)境(jing)優(you)良,遠離大江大河,受工(gong)業(ye)“三廢”及(ji)農(nong)業(ye)、城鎮生活污(wu)水的影響很小。水溫適宜,浮游(you)生物豐富(fu),海區(qu)水質(zhi)符合NY5052的規定要(yao)求,為“蓬萊海參(can)”的繁(fan)衍(yan)生長創造(zao)了得天獨厚的自然環(huan)境(jing)條件。
2、育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)和養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi):親參(can)和育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)按SC/T 2003.1、SC/T 2003.2技術規范(fan)實施。常(chang)溫(wen)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)于(yu)五月下旬開(kai)始,升溫(wen)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)于(yu)三月上旬開(kai)始,人工育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)是從受精卵培養(yang)(yang)(yang)到五觸手幼(you)體(ti),然(ran)后進入養(yang)(yang)(yang)苗(miao)(miao)階段,到體(ti)長(chang)1cm以(yi)上可(ke)以(yi)移(yi)到室外池塘(tang)中間育(yu)(yu)成,體(ti)長(chang)到3-5cm可(ke)以(yi)投放到工廠化養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)、池塘(tang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)、海(hai)上網(wang)箱、筏式養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)和自然(ran)海(hai)域人工增養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
在產區地域范圍(wei)內的(de)所有從(cong)事“蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)(lai)海(hai)參(can)(can)”生(sheng)產經營(ying)者,在產品或包(bao)裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用已(yi)獲登(deng)記保護(hu)的(de)“蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)(lai)海(hai)參(can)(can)”地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)(lai)市漁業協會提出(chu)申請(qing),并(bing)按(an)照相關(guan)要求規范生(sheng)產和使(shi)(shi)用標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用單位(wei)應在其(qi)產品或外包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統一使(shi)(shi)用水產品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(“蓬(peng)(peng)萊(lai)(lai)海(hai)參(can)(can)“名稱和農產品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)組合標(biao)(biao)注型式):
(1)包(bao)裝:所用包(bao)裝材料要做到(dao)堅(jian)固、潔凈、無毒、無異(yi)味(wei)。內包(bao)裝采用清潔無毒的(de)塑料袋。所有(you)包(bao)裝物符合GB7718的(de)規定。
(2)包裝標識:按GB7718的規(gui)定(ding),產(chan)品外包裝上標明產(chan)品名稱、產(chan)品等(deng)級、商標、條(tiao)形碼(ma)、食用方法、貯存指南、單位(wei)(wei)名稱、單位(wei)(wei)地(di)址、產(chan)品標準標號(hao)、生產(chan)日期、批號(hao)、毛(mao)重(㎏)、聯系電話等(deng)。
(3)貯(zhu)存(cun):貯(zhu)存(cun)環境潔凈衛生(sheng)、陰涼、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,符合(he)技術規范的(de)技術要求、執行嚴格的(de)衛生(sheng)制度。遠(yuan)離(li)有(you)毒有(you)害物質及防(fang)止其他損害。
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu):運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工(gong)具(ju)清潔(jie)、無(wu)毒(du)、無(wu)異味,禁止與有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)害或有(you)(you)(you)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性的物(wu)品混運(yun)(yun),運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)途中防止日曬雨淋、蟲害、有(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)質的污(wu)染及包裝物(wu)的機械損傷(shang)。