一.產品介紹
蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)被譽為“中(zhong)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)苗種之鄉”。蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)區(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)區(qu)續志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(卷之五食(shi)(shi)貨志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 清光緒十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1886年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))魚屬 海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)。蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)區(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)東省蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)市(shi)史(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編纂委(wei)員會 編 齊(qi)魯書社(she)出(chu)版發(fa)行(xing)(xing)1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)) 盛產(chan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)系國(guo)內20余種食(shi)(shi)用海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)中(zhong)的上乘佳品(pin),營養(yang)價值極高。第(di)330頁,第(di)五節(jie)描(miao)述(shu),80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,縣內開(kai)始養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)等海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心首次在(zai)近海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)投(tou)放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)苗種,到1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)投(tou)放海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)苗種220萬頭。增(zeng)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)前養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)內海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.1噸,增(zeng)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)的1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)為0.25噸。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),縣海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍(zhen)品(pin)增(zeng)殖(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心進行(xing)(xing)50畝海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)增(zeng)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)實(shi)驗,1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收獲,效果(guo)頗佳,單位面(mian)積存貨12.9頭/平方米,平均(jun)畝產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)18.2公斤(干品(pin))。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),增(zeng)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達到800畝,少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)捕(bu)400公斤(干品(pin))。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)達到1000畝。煙臺水產(chan)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)東省出(chu)版總(zong)社(she)煙臺分社(she)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))第(di)67頁描(miao)述(shu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)全(quan)市(shi)只有(you)刺(ci)參(can)(can)(can)一種。除了萊(lai)(lai)陽縣沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)外其(qi)余各(ge)縣(市(shi)、區(qu))凡有(you)巖礁、礫石和大葉藻叢生的海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域,都有(you)分布,其(qi)中(zhong)以蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)最(zui)多,據調查,全(quan)市(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)資源面(mian)積約8.8萬畝。資源現存量(liang)(liang)(liang)5252噸(鮮品(pin)),適宜年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采(cai)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約1000噸,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)(can)(can)采(cai)捕(bu)在(zai)民國(guo)以前,靠人力漚水潛底撈取或在(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian)游泳用叉槍刺(ci)扎。
二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、獨特(te)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件:蓬萊(lai)市(shi)地渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽(xia)南岸(an),膠東半(ban)島北(bei)部(bu)中(zhong)央(yang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)線全長(chang)60km。屬(shu)季(ji)風(feng)型(xing)大陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)具有溫(wen)和濕潤,四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)變化幅(fu)度(du)(du)較小,年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12.2℃,年平(ping)均降(jiang)雨640.6mm,7-8月份為(wei)多雨季(ji)節(jie),達300-370mm,占全年總降(jiang)水量(liang)的50-55﹪。由于蓬萊(lai)地處山東半(ban)島北(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an),山東半(ban)島及遼東半(ban)島將渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)環繞其中(zhong),而蓬萊(lai)則伸入海(hai)(hai)(hai)中(zhong),受海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)調(diao)節(jie),冬季(ji)無嚴寒,夏季(ji)無酷暑,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)涼爽(shuang),光照充(chong)足,地處東經120°35'~121°09',北(bei)緯(wei)(wei)37°25'~37°50',37℃的黃金緯(wei)(wei)度(du)(du)可生(sheng)產品質極(ji)為(wei)優良(liang)的“蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)參”。海(hai)(hai)(hai)參生(sheng)長(chang)繁殖季(ji)節(jie),溫(wen)度(du)(du)適(shi)(shi)宜,光照充(chong)足,有利于各種餌料生(sheng)物的繁殖與生(sheng)長(chang),適(shi)(shi)宜的獨特(te)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件為(wei)“蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)參”的生(sheng)存與生(sheng)長(chang)提供了基(ji)礎。
2、獨特的(de)(de)底質條件:蓬萊沿海屬于(yu)基巖海岸,由于(yu)山崖和(he)(he)岬(jia)角的(de)(de)延(yan)伸,形成了(le)一些登州、灣(wan)子口(kou)、銅井、劉(liu)家旺、五十里堡等(deng)天然的(de)(de)小(xiao)型港灣(wan)。沿岸坡度較大(da)(da)(da),礁(jiao)石(shi)(shi)較多,灘涂面(mian)積較少,而3-15m等(deng)深線以內海域則(ze)多以沙(sha)(sha)礫、巖礁(jiao)、貝殼、礫石(shi)(shi)為(wei)主。灣(wan)內流緩(huan)而暢通,流速緩(huan)慢、風浪較小(xiao)的(de)(de)淺海和(he)(he)內灣(wan),其(qi)上(shang)分布著各(ge)種各(ge)樣的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)型海藻(zao)主要有鼠(shu)尾(wei)藻(zao)、海嵩子、石(shi)(shi)莼、條滸臺(tai)、條斑(ban)紫菜(cai)、石(shi)(shi)花菜(cai)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)葉(xie)藻(zao)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)量硅(gui)藻(zao)、圓篩藻(zao)等(deng)浮游植物和(he)(he)多種生物, 含(han)泥量10%以下(xia)(沙(sha)(sha)礫為(wei)主、泥沙(sha)(sha)混合、沙(sha)(sha)粒較大(da)(da)(da)、細沙(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)粉(fen)沙(sha)(sha)含(han)量少)最適(shi)宜海參(can)棲(qi)息礁(jiao)石(shi)(shi)形態各(ge)異、大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)不等(deng),交錯排列,形成很多縫隙、孔洞的(de)(de)礁(jiao)石(shi)(shi),這不僅為(wei)“蓬萊海參(can)”生長提供了(le)充足的(de)(de)餌料,同(tong)時也為(wei)“蓬萊海參(can)”提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)生存繁衍的(de)(de)環境條件。
3、獨(du)特的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)(jian):蓬萊(lai)沿海(hai)(hai)屬(shu)于正規(gui)(gui)半日潮(chao),平均(jun)大(da)(da)潮(chao)升為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)169cm,平均(jun)小(xiao)(xiao)潮(chao)升為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)139cm,平均(jun)海(hai)(hai)面100cm,潮(chao)流(liu)(liu)從低潮(chao)開(kai)始為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)流(liu)(liu),在(zai)高潮(chao)前0.5-1小(xiao)(xiao)時轉西流(liu)(liu),東(dong)(dong)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),西流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)速較(jiao)大(da)(da),最大(da)(da)2.3節,但是(shi)不規(gui)(gui)則。海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)透明(ming)度變化范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90-380cm,年(nian)平均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12.2℃,海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平均(jun)PH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)8.2;鹽度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)28.8-31.7‰,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中溶解氧年(nian)變化范圍8.9-12.8。所以說蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)區海(hai)(hai)浪流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃而清(qing)新,無(wu)污染源(yuan)。“蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”屬(shu)狹(xia)鹽性(xing)動(dong)物,生活在(zai)潮(chao)流(liu)(liu)暢通(tong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)澈、無(wu)大(da)(da)量(liang)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)注入的(de)巖礁底(di)(di)或沙底(di)(di)。其生活區多富(fu)有(you)底(di)(di)棲硅藻及(ji)大(da)(da)型藻類。幼小(xiao)(xiao)個(ge)(ge)體多生活在(zai)大(da)(da)葉藻基部及(ji)礁石(shi)、礫石(shi)下,成年(nian)個(ge)(ge)體逐漸移向深水(shui)(shui)(shui)區,即分布在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深8~20m的(de)海(hai)(hai)底(di)(di)。獨(du)特的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)條件(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”的(de)生長棲息提供了天然的(de)有(you)利條件(jian)(jian),可以生產品質(zhi)(zhi)優的(de)”蓬萊(lai)海(hai)(hai)參”。
三.地域范圍
“蓬萊(lai)海參(can)”的生(sheng)產地域范圍是:蓬萊(lai)閣街道(西莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、林(lin)格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、新港(gang)街道(矯格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大皂孫(sun)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、灣子(zi)口村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙格(ge)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、銅井(jing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、營(ying)子(zi)里(li)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉(liu)家(jia)(jia)旺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、劉(liu)家(jia)(jia)溝鎮(zhen)(東(dong)趙村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、木(mu)基遲家(jia)(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南吳(wu)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解(jie)宋營(ying)西村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、解(jie)宋營(ying)東(dong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、朱家(jia)(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、墟里(li)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、海頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))、潮水鎮(zhen)(衙前(qian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun))周圍海域。地理坐標為東(dong)經120°40'32.25"-121°01'26.23",北緯37°42'39.01"-37°50'43.45"。地域保護(hu)養殖面積1萬公頃(qing),年產量5000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特色(se):體(ti)形肥滿(man)、圓筒(tong)狀,體(ti)長一(yi)般(ban)20-40cm,體(ti)寬(kuan)3~6cm,體(ti)表亮(liang)潔(jie)呈黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)或栗黑色(se)。背面稍隆起,上有(you)4~6行挺(ting)直(zhi)圓錐(zhui)形的肉刺(疣(you)突)。腹面色(se)淺(qian),一(yi)般(ban)呈淺(qian)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)。具有(you)海(hai)參(can)特有(you)的海(hai)鮮(xian)味(wei),無異味(wei)。 內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標:口感清爽,味(wei)道鮮(xian)美,營養豐富(fu),鮮(xian)參(can)含(han)有(you)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)≥5.00g/100g、脂肪(fang)≤0.10g/100g、鈣(gai)≥30mg/100g、鋅(xin)≥3.0mg/kg。
2、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全規定:嚴格按照(zhao)以(yi)上“特定生產(chan)方式”中所(suo)提到的產(chan)地環境、育苗和養(yang)殖中的技(ji)(ji)術要求(qiu)從事生產(chan)經(jing)營,嚴格執行《中華人民共(gong)和國食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全法》、《中華人民共(gong)和國農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全法》、GB18406.4《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)水產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全要求(qiu)》、NY5052《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)海水養(yang)殖用水水質(zhi)標(biao)準》、NY5328《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)海參(can)》、NY 5071《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)漁用藥物使用準則》、NY 5073《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)水產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物質(zhi)限(xian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)》中規定的各(ge)項技(ji)(ji)術標(biao)準。按照(zhao)上述各(ge)項標(biao)準要求(qiu),制訂(ding)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)細則,強化完善(shan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)制度,確保“蓬萊海參(can)”的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產地(di)環(huan)境(jing):蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)沿(yan)海(hai)海(hai)區自(zi)然生態環(huan)境(jing)優良,遠離(li)大江大河,受工(gong)業“三廢”及農業、城鎮(zhen)生活污水的影響很小。水溫適宜,浮游生物豐富,海(hai)區水質符合NY5052的規定(ding)要求,為“蓬(peng)萊(lai)(lai)海(hai)參”的繁(fan)衍生長創造了得天獨厚的自(zi)然環(huan)境(jing)條件。
2、育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):親參和(he)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)按SC/T 2003.1、SC/T 2003.2技術規(gui)范實施。常溫育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)于五(wu)月下(xia)旬開始,升溫育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)于三月上(shang)(shang)旬開始,人工(gong)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)是從受(shou)精卵培養到(dao)五(wu)觸手幼體,然后進入養苗(miao)(miao)(miao)階段,到(dao)體長1cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)可以(yi)移到(dao)室外池(chi)塘中間(jian)育(yu)(yu)成,體長到(dao)3-5cm可以(yi)投放到(dao)工(gong)廠(chang)化養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、池(chi)塘養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、海上(shang)(shang)網箱、筏式養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)自然海域人工(gong)增養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關(guan)規定
在(zai)產(chan)區地(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)所有(you)從事“蓬(peng)萊海參”生產(chan)經營者,在(zai)產(chan)品或包裝上使用(yong)已(yi)獲登記保護的(de)“蓬(peng)萊海參”地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向蓬(peng)萊市漁業協(xie)會提出申(shen)請,并(bing)按照相關要求(qiu)規范生產(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong)單位(wei)應在(zai)其產(chan)品或外包裝上統(tong)一使用(yong)水產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(“蓬(peng)萊海參“名稱(cheng)和農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注型式):
(1)包裝(zhuang):所用(yong)包裝(zhuang)材料要做到堅固、潔凈、無(wu)(wu)毒、無(wu)(wu)異味。內包裝(zhuang)采(cai)用(yong)清潔無(wu)(wu)毒的塑料袋。所有包裝(zhuang)物符合GB7718的規定。
(2)包裝標(biao)識:按GB7718的(de)規(gui)定,產品外(wai)包裝上標(biao)明產品名稱、產品等級、商(shang)標(biao)、條形碼、食用方法、貯存指南、單位(wei)名稱、單位(wei)地址、產品標(biao)準標(biao)號(hao)、生產日期、批(pi)號(hao)、毛重(㎏)、聯系電話等。
(3)貯存(cun):貯存(cun)環境潔凈衛生、陰(yin)涼、無(wu)毒(du)(du)、無(wu)異味,符合(he)技術規范的技術要求、執行嚴格的衛生制(zhi)度。遠離有毒(du)(du)有害物質及防止其他損害。
(4)運(yun)輸:運(yun)輸工具清(qing)潔、無毒、無異味,禁止與有毒、有害(hai)或有腐蝕性的(de)物品混運(yun),運(yun)輸途(tu)中(zhong)防止日曬雨淋(lin)、蟲害(hai)、有害(hai)物質的(de)污染及包裝物的(de)機械損傷。