一.產品介紹
福山(shan)(shan)栽培(pei)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)已有140多年(nian)(nian)的歷(li)史,是全(quan)國(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的發祥地。福山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)以其艷麗的外(wai)觀、優良的品質、獨特的風味享譽海內外(wai),被(bei)(bei)譽為“果中(zhong)(zhong)珍品”、“北(bei)方(fang)春果第(di)一(yi)枝”。目前全(quan)區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培(pei)面(mian)積10.3萬畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產量(liang)4.53萬噸,總產值為5.07億(yi)元,是全(quan)國(guo)范圍內規模(mo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)、產量(liang)最(zui)(zui)高、品種最(zui)(zui)全(quan)、質量(liang)最(zui)(zui)優的大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)標準化生(sheng)產示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)。福山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)曾兩(liang)次獲得“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉”稱(cheng)號;在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會上,福山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)有多個品種被(bei)(bei)評為金獎、銀(yin)獎和名牌產品;2007年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果品流通(tong)協會授(shou)(shou)予中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)優質大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)基地重點縣(區(qu)(qu));2010年(nian)(nian)福山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)張格莊鎮(zhen)分別被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園(yuan)藝學會櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)分會和中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果品流通(tong)協會授(shou)(shou)予中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)第(di)一(yi)鎮(zhen)稱(cheng)號;中(zhong)(zhong)央電視臺2010年(nian)(nian)度魅力農(nong)產品評選(xuan),福山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)獲“最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)人氣(qi)獎”,2011年(nian)(nian)福山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)注冊了國(guo)家(jia)工商總局(ju)的地理標志,福山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部(bu)確定為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)大(da)(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準化示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang):煙臺(tai)市福(fu)山(shan)區(qu)屬低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu),山(shan)丘(qiu)起伏(fu),溝壑縱(zong)橫,地(di)貌大致是六山(shan)一水三分田。地(di)形呈西、南高,東(dong)、北低,由(you)西南向東(dong)北傾斜。淺山(shan)區(qu)165.61平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),占34.3%;丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)205.2平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),占42.5%;平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)112.02平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),占23.2%。自南而北依次(ci)為丘(qiu)陵(ling)、平(ping)(ping)原,福(fu)山(shan)大櫻桃主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)產于南部和(he)西部的低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)區(qu),該范(fan)圍內土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)沃、水利條件良好,生(sheng)態環(huan)境優美(mei)。大櫻桃主(zhu)(zhu)產區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)為主(zhu)(zhu),椐(ju)測定有機質含(han)量1.2%以上,含(han)氮0.12%,含(han)磷0.3%,速(su)效磷大于80mg/kg,速(su)效鉀(jia)大于120mg/kg,土(tu)層深厚,土(tu)質疏松(song),保水保肥(fei)能(neng)力強,適合(he)果樹生(sheng)長。
2、水(shui)文情況:區內水(shui)利條件優越(yue),地下(xia)水(shui)源(yuan)充足,農田排灌設施(shi)配(pei)套水(shui)質(zhi)清(qing)澈(che),無污染,完全達到了(le)旱能(neng)澆、澇能(neng)排。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang):屬(shu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖半濕(shi)潤易旱區(qu),其特點:四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明,雨水(shui)豐(feng)沛,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)適中(zhong),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)潤,冬不(bu)甚冷(leng),夏不(bu)太熱,適宜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)各類植物生長(chang)(chang)。無霜期平均221天(tian)。氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明,冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)少雨雪,春季(ji)干旱多(duo)風,夏季(ji)炎(yan)熱多(duo)雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽(shuang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),有利大(da)櫻桃的生長(chang)(chang)發育。光照(zhao):本區(qu)光照(zhao)資源豐(feng)富,日照(zhao)時間(jian)長(chang)(chang),光照(zhao)充足,有利于果樹光合作(zuo)用,常年平均日照(zhao)時數為(wei)2672.2小時,占全(quan)年可(ke)照(zhao)時間(jian)的60%。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du):年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.5℃,7月份最高(gao)25.2℃,1 月份最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-3.4℃。無霜期平均221天(tian),自然(ran)農耕期長(chang)(chang)達290天(tian)左右。夜間(jian)涼爽(shuang),晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),有利于果樹養分(fen)(fen)積累。水(shui):降水(shui)偏少,因(yin)多(duo)集中(zhong)夏季(ji),年均變(bian)化(hua)大(da),降水(shui)不(bu)穩定,年平均降水(shui)量709.9毫米。
4、人文歷史情況:福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)距今已(yi)有130多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栽培歷史。1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),美(mei)國傳教士攜首批大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)在(zai)(zai)福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)進行栽培,之后(hou)又不斷引進品(pin)種擴大(da)栽培面(mian)積,至(zhi)(zhi)今已(yi)形成一(yi)(yi)定規模(mo)。福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)優質高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),成熟(shu)早,營養價值高,素有“春果第(di)一(yi)(yi)枝(zhi)”的(de)(de)美(mei)譽。進入八、九(jiu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)區果業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)重(zhong)點(dian)由蘋果轉(zhuan)向大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao),大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)面(mian)積逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增加,管(guan)理技術(shu)(shu)不斷提高。特別(bie)是近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,隨著我(wo)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化推廣力度的(de)(de)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加大(da),福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、規范(fan)(fan)化管(guan)理、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化經(jing)營、品(pin)牌化運作已(yi)漸成規模(mo),先后(hou)有“福(fu)(fu)(fu)洋”、“錦程(cheng)”、“仙(xian)渡”“張(zhang)格莊”等10多個(ge)(ge)品(pin)牌通(tong)(tong)過了(le)(le)(le)商標(biao)(biao)注冊,有2個(ge)(ge)已(yi)獲得綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)認證(zheng)(zheng),4個(ge)(ge)正在(zai)(zai)爭取(qu)綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)和(he)無(wu)公害(hai)認證(zheng)(zheng)。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,在(zai)(zai)第(di)二屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)博覽會上(shang)(shang)(shang),福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)獲三(san)金(jin)、四銀、一(yi)(yi)銅8塊獎牌,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)博覽會上(shang)(shang)(shang),雷尼和(he)艷(yan)陽分(fen)別(bie)獲名牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)稱號(hao)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)區被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)之鄉(xiang)命名組委會授(shou)(shou)(shou)予“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉(xiang)”榮(rong)譽稱號(hao),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),又被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國優質農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)開(kai)發服(fu)務協會授(shou)(shou)(shou)予“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉(xiang)”榮(rong)譽稱號(hao),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國果品(pin)流通(tong)(tong)協會授(shou)(shou)(shou)予“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國優質大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)基(ji)地(di)重(zhong)點(dian)縣(區)。至(zhi)(zhi)此,福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)全國具有了(le)(le)(le)較高知名度。為確保福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)質量(liang),將(jiang)福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提升(sheng)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)高度,我(wo)區先后(hou)創(chuang)建了(le)(le)(le)福(fu)(fu)(fu)新(xin)(xin)壚上(shang)(shang)(shang)、門(men)樓(lou)兩(liang)甲、回里東黃山(shan)(shan)、高疃丁(ding)家夼(kuang)、張(zhang)格莊下官樂5個(ge)(ge)市(shi)級(ji)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)基(ji)地(di),在(zai)(zai)基(ji)地(di)范(fan)(fan)圍內先后(hou)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)、推廣應用了(le)(le)(le)增施有機肥、頻振式殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈、性(xing)誘劑(ji)、防蟲(chong)網、色板(ban)誘殺(sha)等新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)新(xin)(xin)方法,完全實現了(le)(le)(le)以施用有機肥料(liao)和(he)實施生物防治為主,使用綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)的(de)(de)福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)模(mo)式,使福(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)大(da)櫻(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)得到(dao)進一(yi)(yi)步提升(sheng)。
三.地域范圍
福山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)櫻桃的地域保護范圍為山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省煙(yan)臺市(shi)福山(shan)(shan)區境內。地理坐(zuo)標為:北緯37°14′-37°39′,東(dong)(dong)經121°02′-121°22′,境內東(dong)(dong)南至(zhi)西北最(zui)大(da)(da)縱距45km,東(dong)(dong)西最(zui)大(da)(da)橫距20km。全區總面積(ji)482.83平方千米,產地面積(ji)6667公頃,主要涉及煙(yan)臺市(shi)福山(shan)(shan)區的回里、門(men)樓、張格莊、高(gao)疃、清(qing)洋、福新6個鄉鎮(街(jie)道(dao)辦(ban)事處),共計(ji)231個行政村。年(nian)產量30076噸(dun),年(nian)銷售(shou)額(e)32800萬(wan)元。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
1、產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定:福山大(da)櫻桃的(de)產(chan)地(di)宜(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇在生態條件良好,遠離污染源,具有(you)可(ke)持續生產(chan)能力(li)的(de)農業生產(chan)區域。
2、品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定要求(qiu):福山大(da)櫻桃(tao)應選(xuan)擇(ze)大(da)果型品種(zhong),近一兩年推(tui)廣的優質高產品種(zhong)有紅燈、先(xian)鋒(feng)、雷尼、拉賓斯、美早、薩(sa)米脫等。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li),包(bao)括農業(ye)投(tou)入品方面的(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)(gui)定:福山大(da)(da)(da)櫻桃的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)包(bao)括栽(zai)植(zhi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)、整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)、花果管(guan)理(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治等(deng)。栽(zai)植(zhi):大(da)(da)(da)櫻桃的(de)栽(zai)植(zhi)時間(jian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在3月底4月初,栽(zai)植(zhi)溝內(nei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei),栽(zai)植(zhi)株行距一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)3×4米,主栽(zai)品種與授粉樹(shu)比例不少(shao)于4:1。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li):基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,混加(jia)少(shao)量氮(dan)素化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)盛果期果園每(mei)666.7平(ping)方米施(shi)(shi)(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)以(yi)(yi)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)投(tou)影范圍內(nei)。溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)挖放射(she)狀溝,溝深(shen)20-30cm;撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料均勻撒于樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)下(xia),并翻(fan)深(shen)20cm。土壤追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)年3次(ci)(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)在萌芽(ya)前后(hou),以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,第二次(ci)(ci)在花芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)及(ji)(ji)果實膨大(da)(da)(da)期,以(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)混合使(shi)用(yong);第三次(ci)(ci)在果實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長后(hou)期,以(yi)(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主。葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全年4-5次(ci)(ci),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長前期2次(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主;后(hou)期2-3次(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,可補(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)果樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育所需的(de)微量元素。大(da)(da)(da)櫻桃灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)主要有(you)四(si)次(ci)(ci),分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)花前水(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)、采后(hou)水(shui)(shui)和封凍水(shui)(shui)。另(ling)外,雨(yu)季(ji)要注意及(ji)(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇。整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)主要是剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)注意拉枝(zhi)(zhi)開角、摘心控(kong)長,及(ji)(ji)時疏除樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)直(zhi)立旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)、密生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)和剪(jian)(jian)(jian)鋸口處的(de)萌蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)通風量。花果管(guan)理(li):重(zhong)點(dian)抓(zhua)好疏花疏果、人工輔(fu)助授粉,防(fang)(fang)止晚霜凍害(hai)及(ji)(ji)科(ke)學澆水(shui)(shui)等(deng)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治:以(yi)(yi)農業(ye)和物理(li)防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)基礎(chu),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)核心,按照病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)(gui)律,科(ke)學使(shi)用(yong)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治技術,有(you)效控(kong)制病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)危害(hai)。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產地選擇(ze)與(yu)特殊內容規定(ding):福山大櫻桃(tao)的產地宜選擇(ze)在生(sheng)態條件良好,遠離污染源,具(ju)有(you)可(ke)持(chi)續生(sheng)產能力的農業生(sheng)產區域。
2、品(pin)種選擇(ze)與特定(ding)要(yao)求:福山大(da)櫻桃應選擇(ze)大(da)果型品(pin)種,近一兩年推廣的(de)優(you)質高(gao)產品(pin)種有紅燈、先(xian)鋒、雷尼、拉賓斯(si)、美(mei)早、薩米脫等。
3、生產過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),包括農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)方(fang)面的(de)特殊使(shi)用規定(ding):福山大櫻桃(tao)的(de)生產過程包括栽(zai)植、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)、花(hua)果(guo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等。栽(zai)植:大櫻桃(tao)的(de)栽(zai)植時間(jian)一(yi)般在3月(yue)(yue)底4月(yue)(yue)初,栽(zai)植溝(gou)(gou)內施(shi)入(ru)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)復合肥(fei)(fei),栽(zai)植株行距一(yi)般為3×4米(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)與授粉樹比(bi)例不少(shao)于(yu)4:1。肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):基肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),混(hun)加少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)氮(dan)素(su)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei),一(yi)般盛果(guo)期(qi)果(guo)園每666.7平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),施(shi)2000-3000kg有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)用方(fang)法以(yi)(yi)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)或撒(sa)施(shi)為主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)部位在樹冠投影范圍(wei)內。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)為挖放射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深20-30cm;撒(sa)施(shi)為將肥(fei)(fei)料均勻撒(sa)于(yu)樹冠下,并翻深20cm。土壤追肥(fei)(fei)每年(nian)3次(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)在萌芽前后,以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),第二次(ci)在花(hua)芽分化(hua)(hua)及(ji)(ji)果(guo)實(shi)膨大期(qi),以(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)混(hun)合使(shi)用;第三次(ci)在果(guo)實(shi)生長(chang)后期(qi),以(yi)(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu)。葉(xie)面噴肥(fei)(fei)全年(nian)4-5次(ci),一(yi)般生長(chang)前期(qi)2次(ci),以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu);后期(qi)2-3次(ci),以(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),可補施(shi)果(guo)樹生長(chang)發育所(suo)需的(de)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素(su)。大櫻桃(tao)灌水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)(you)四(si)次(ci),分別為花(hua)前水(shui)(shui)、硬核水(shui)(shui)、采后水(shui)(shui)和封(feng)凍水(shui)(shui)。另外,雨季要注(zhu)(zhu)意及(ji)(ji)時排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)澇。整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):冬季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要是剪(jian)(jian)除病(bing)蟲(chong)枝。生長(chang)季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)注(zhu)(zhu)意拉枝開角、摘心控長(chang),及(ji)(ji)時疏(shu)除樹冠內直立(li)旺枝、密(mi)生枝和剪(jian)(jian)鋸口處的(de)萌蘗(bo)枝等,以(yi)(yi)增加樹冠內通風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。花(hua)果(guo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):重點抓好疏(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)、人工(gong)輔助授粉,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止晚(wan)霜(shuang)凍害及(ji)(ji)科學(xue)澆水(shui)(shui)等。病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業和物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為基礎,生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為核心,按照病(bing)蟲(chong)害的(de)發生規律,科學(xue)使(shi)用化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)技術,有(you)(you)效控制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)危害。
六.包裝標(biao)識(shi)相關規(gui)定
同一(yi)品種根(gen)據(ju)果(guo)個大(da)小(xiao)分(fen)級。樹磨和枝磨等機械損傷、病蟲傷的不合格另(ling)行處理。包裝(zhuang)材料(liao)必(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合國家強制(zhi)性(xing)技術規范要求(qiu)。包裝(zhuang)前必(bi)須(xu)嚴格挑(tiao)選,然后(hou)裝(zhuang)入包裝(zhuang)箱。