一.產品介紹
1、原(yuan)產區:山(shan)東(dong)省壽光市稻田鎮慈家、倫家一帶。
2、體(ti)型(xing)外(wai)貌描(miao)述(shu):①體(ti)型(xing):壽光雞體(ti)軀(qu)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da),骨(gu)骼(ge)粗(cu)壯(zhuang),體(ti)長(chang)胸深,背寬平直,腿(tui)(tui)高(gao)而粗(cu),腳爪(zhua)大(da)(da)(da)而堅實。分(fen)(fen)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)、中兩(liang)個品系(xi)。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞腿(tui)(tui)高(gao),體(ti)長(chang),背稍窄,頭(tou)較大(da)(da)(da),眼(yan)稍凹,面(mian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)較粗(cu)糙,屬(shu)(shu)肉(rou)蛋兼(jian)用型(xing)。中型(xing)體(ti)重稍小于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞,背寬,腿(tui)(tui)較矮,頭(tou)大(da)(da)(da)小適(shi)中,眼(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活,面(mian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)較細致(zhi)清秀,屬(shu)(shu)蛋肉(rou)兼(jian)用型(xing)。②外(wai)貌特征:全身黑(hei)(hei)羽,并閃(shan)有(you)金屬(shu)(shu)光澤,尾(wei)有(you)長(chang)短之(zhi)分(fen)(fen)。單冠(guan),冠(guan)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)小之(zhi)分(fen)(fen),冠(guan)、髯、耳葉、臉均為(wei)紅(hong)色(se)(se),眼(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活,虹彩(cai)黑(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se),喙(hui)、脛(jing)、爪(zhua)為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se),皮膚為(wei)白(bai)色(se)(se)。初生雛(chu)絨毛為(wei)全黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se),少(shao)數眼(yan)的上(shang)、后部(bu)(bu)(bu)和喙(hui)角及(ji)頜、頸(jing)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)斑塊。頭(tou)頂、頸(jing)后、背腰(yao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)絨毛呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)。頸(jing)側、體(ti)側、尾(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)灰色(se)(se)。喙(hui)呈(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)或喙(hui)尖(jian)為(wei)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)。脛(jing)、趾灰色(se)(se),皮膚白(bai)色(se)(se)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)能:①生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速(su)(su)度(du)(du):壽光(guang)雞(ji)平均初生(sheng)(sheng)重為(wei)42.4克,雛雞(ji)早(zao)期發育和羽毛(mao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較慢,特別是大(da)型(xing)壽光(guang)雞(ji),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)前期常(chang)有(you)背毛(mao)稀疏,后(hou)軀赤裸、禿(tu)尾現象(xiang)。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)一(yi)般(ban)從(cong)40日(ri)齡開始加快,至3月齡后(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)最(zui)快,體(ti)(ti)重快速(su)(su)增加。②產(chan)蛋(dan)性(xing)能:該雞(ji)的產(chan)蛋(dan)量和蛋(dan)重因類型(xing)不同有(you)一(yi)定的差異。大(da)型(xing)母雞(ji)年產(chan)蛋(dan)量為(wei)90—100個(ge),蛋(dan)重65—75克;中(zhong)型(xing)母雞(ji)年產(chan)蛋(dan)量為(wei)120—150個(ge),最(zui)高可(ke)達(da)213個(ge),蛋(dan)重60—65克.蛋(dan)殼顏色(se)為(wei)紅褐色(se),蛋(dan)殼厚度(du)(du)0.36毫米,蛋(dan)形指數(shu)測(ce)定為(wei)1.32。 4、繁殖性(xing)能:性(xing)成熟期:大(da)型(xing)雞(ji)開產(chan)日(ri)齡為(wei)140天,平均開產(chan)體(ti)(ti)重2.55千(qian)克。中(zhong)型(xing)雞(ji)開產(chan)日(ri)齡120天,開產(chan)體(ti)(ti)重為(wei)2.0千(qian)克左(zuo)右。②公母比(bi)(bi)例(li):自(zi)然配種公母比(bi)(bi)例(li),大(da)型(xing)雞(ji)為(wei)1:8—10,中(zhong)型(xing)雞(ji)1:10—12。種蛋(dan)受(shou)精(jing)率90.7%,受(shou)精(jing)蛋(dan)的孵化率80.9%。③就(jiu)巢性(xing):據1982年壽光(guang)慈(ci)倫(lun)種雞(ji)場(chang)統計,經選育后(hou)就(jiu)巢母雞(ji)數(shu)僅占0.89%。④雛雞(ji)的生(sheng)(sheng)活力:在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理條件下,據壽光(guang)慈(ci)倫(lun)種雞(ji)場(chang)測(ce)定,雛雞(ji)1月齡的成活率為(wei)96.8%,2月齡為(wei)92.5%,與外(wai)來(lai)品種對比(bi)(bi),雛雞(ji)發病緩和,治愈率較高,體(ti)(ti)況恢復較快。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:壽(shou)光是一個自南(nan)而北緩慢降(jiang)低的平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)。海(hai)拔最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)點在(zai)(zai)孫家集街道(dao)辦事處(chu)三元朱(zhu)村(cun)東南(nan)角(jiao)埠(bu)頂(ding)處(chu),高(gao)(gao)(gao)程49.5米(mi);最(zui)低點在(zai)(zai)大家洼(wa)鎮的老河口附近,高(gao)(gao)(gao)程1米(mi)。南(nan)北相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)(gao)差48.5米(mi),水平(ping)距離70公里,平(ping)均坡度(du)降(jiang)萬分(fen)之七。河流(liu)和地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表徑(jing)流(liu)自西南(nan)向東北流(liu)動,形成(cheng)(cheng)大平(ping)小不平(ping)的微地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)差異(yi)。全市地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形總體分(fen)為(wei)三部(bu)分(fen):壽(shou)南(nan)緩崗區(qu)為(wei)泰沂山區(qu)北部(bu)洪積(ji)扇(shan)尾。成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)多(duo)為(wei)沖積(ji)物(wu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較好。全區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形部(bu)位(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)起伏大,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表徑(jing)流(liu)強,潛(qian)水埋深大于(yu)5米(mi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型多(duo)為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和潮褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。中(zhong)部(bu)微斜平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)緩,坡降(jiang)很小。因受河流(liu)影響,各個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)單(dan)元呈南(nan)北走(zou)向間(jian)隔(ge)條帶狀(zhuang)分(fen)布。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)母(mu)質(zhi)為(wei)河流(liu)沖積(ji)物(wu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、濕潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 濱海(hai)淺平(ping)洼(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形部(bu)位(wei)較低,海(hai)拔在(zai)(zai)4—7米(mi)之間(jian)。成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)為(wei)海(hai)相(xiang)沉積(ji)物(wu)與河流(liu)沖積(ji)物(wu)迭次相(xiang)間(jian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水埋深1—3米(mi),礦化(hua)度(du)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)濱海(hai)鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和濱海(hai)潮鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):壽光境內多河(he)(he)流(liu),現在全境內有河(he)(he)流(liu)17條,其中小清河(he)(he)從境內北端入(ru)(ru)海,常年(nian)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),有水(shui)(shui)(shui)上運輸之利,余皆季節性歇河(he)(he)。最大的河(he)(he)流(liu)是彌河(he)(he),縱貫境內南(nan)北,將全市水(shui)(shui)(shui)系分為(wei)(wei)(wei)東西(xi)兩部分。彌河(he)(he)以(yi)西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小清河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,彌河(he)(he)以(yi)東為(wei)(wei)(wei)彌河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。彌河(he)(he)由紀(ji)臺(tai)鎮西(xi)南(nan)入(ru)(ru)境,流(liu)經(jing)紀(ji)臺(tai)、孫家集(ji)、圣(sheng)城、上口、田柳(liu)、營里(li)等鎮。主(zhu)河(he)(he)道境內總長度為(wei)(wei)(wei)80公(gong)里(li),河(he)(he)槽平均寬170米,入(ru)(ru)境流(liu)域面積2248平方公(gong)里(li)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:壽光(guang)地處中緯度帶,北臨渤海,屬暖(nuan)(nuan)溫帶季(ji)風(feng)區(qu)大陸性氣(qi)候。受暖(nuan)(nuan)冷空氣(qi)的交替影響,形成了“春季(ji)干旱少雨,夏季(ji)炎熱多雨,秋季(ji)爽涼有旱,冬季(ji)干冷少雪”的氣(qi)候特點。
a日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao):全年平均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數2607.4小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)59%。年內日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)分布(bu)不均(jun),以5月日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數最(zui)多,為(wei)(wei)(wei)274.3小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)63%;12月最(zui)少,為(wei)(wei)(wei)176.4小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)59%。
b氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):歷年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)12.4℃。境(jing)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)相差在0.1—0.3℃之間,月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)7月(yue)最高(gao),為(wei)(wei)26.2℃。1月(yue)最低(di)(di),為(wei)(wei)-3.4℃,月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)年較差29.6℃。極端(duan)最低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-22.3℃,極端(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)41℃。春季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)回升較快,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升到(dao)6℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),0 ℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)出現較少。夏季(ji)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)炎熱,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)23 ℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),日(ri)最高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)在30℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)時(shi)間,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每年68天(tian)。秋季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)逐日(ri)降低(di)(di),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)19℃,有寒潮出現。冬季(ji)從12月(yue)開(kai)始,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在-1℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)于-10℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)時(shi)間平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)22天(tian)。
C降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui):歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),最大(da)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),最小年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。境內年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)差異不(bu)大(da),為(wei)10—30毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),干旱和濕(shi)潤季節分明。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)分布不(bu)均(jun)(jun):春季平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)79.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),夏季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)387.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)65.4%,秋季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)101.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),冬季降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)最少,只(zhi)占全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的4.1%。
4、人(ren)(ren)文歷史情況:養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)是壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),是當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農(nong)民(min)收入的(de)(de)重要來(lai)源。壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)優良地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),該(gai)(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要分布在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)彌(mi)河流域,歷史上(shang)經過(guo)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勞動人(ren)(ren)民(min)長(chang)(chang)期選(xuan)(xuan)育,遺傳性(xing)(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding),外貌特(te)(te)(te)征一致,具(ju)有(you)體型(xing)碩(shuo)大(da)、黑(hei)(hei)羽、黑(hei)(hei)腿、黑(hei)(hei)嘴、白皮膚,肉質(zhi)細嫩,風(feng)味鮮美,蛋大(da)皮紅等(deng)特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外享有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)聲譽,被(bei)列入國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志和(he)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護名錄。據史料(liao)記(ji)載,該(gai)(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)成(cheng)與(yu)(yu)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)社會(hui)的(de)(de)文化與(yu)(yu)經濟活動息息相(xiang)關(guan),有(you)一個(ge)較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)。公元前480年(nian)(nian)(nian)至公元前220年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,以(yi)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)鄒(zou)衍為(wei)首的(de)(de)新興(xing)學派所(suo)著的(de)(de)《周(zhou)(zhou)禮·夏(xia)官·職方(fang)氏(shi)》中(zhong)(zhong)論述(shu)了(le)(le)天下(xia)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區對(dui)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)動植(zhi)物的(de)(de)影響,其(qi)曰(yue)“乃(nai)辨九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)……正東(dong)(dong)曰(yue)青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)……其(qi)畜(chu)(chu)宜雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狗;其(qi)谷宜稻麥”。原青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(現壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、益(yi)都等(deng)縣)乃(nai)屬當時(shi)的(de)(de)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)一,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)轄(xia)區之(zhi)內,可見養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)即已占重要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)。公元六(liu)世紀(ji)(ji)北魏時(shi)期杰出(chu)的(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學家(jia)賈思勰系古青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren),在(zai)(zai)他(ta)撰寫的(de)(de)《齊民(min)要術(shu)(shu)》一書中(zhong)(zhong),記(ji)述(shu)了(le)(le)該(gai)(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)形(xing)態特(te)(te)(te)征、飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng),對(dui)研究(jiu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早期形(xing)成(cheng)具(ju)有(you)重要價(jia)值(zhi)。據清代(dai)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣志》記(ji)載:“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比戶皆畜(chu)(chu),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卵(luan)甲他(ta)縣,皮有(you)紅白之(zhi)殊,雄雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)者高(gao)(gao)尺許,長(chang)(chang)冠巨爪,為(wei)一邑特(te)(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)”。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)上(shang)海(hai)瑯山雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、廣東(dong)(dong)三黃雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、河南固始雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)稱為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)四大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最負盛名,歷史最悠久,它是唯一被(bei)載入《大(da)不(bu)列顛百科(ke)全書—品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卷》的(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)科(ke)學出(chu)版社出(chu)版,由趙(zhao)希斌編寫的(de)(de)《家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)》一書記(ji)載,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)(nian),曾運往蘇(su)聯(lian)展(zhan)覽或作交換品(pin)(pin)(pin)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,在(zai)(zai)原華(hua)東(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學研究(jiu)所(suo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調查(cha)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),在(zai)(zai)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市稻田(tian)鎮建立(li)了(le)(le)慈(ci)倫(lun)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)(chang)(chang),開展(zhan)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)提(ti)純(chun)復壯工(gong)(gong)作。20世紀(ji)(ji)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末期,隨(sui)著養(yang)(yang)(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)化的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)量引進,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖受到(dao)(dao)巨大(da)沖擊。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數量大(da)幅度減少,造成(cheng)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)封鎖繁育和(he)近親繁殖現象,生產(chan)(chan)(chan)力明顯(xian)降(jiang)低,甚至到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)瀕臨滅(mie)絕的(de)(de)邊緣。在(zai)(zai)此情況下(xia),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈(ci)倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)多(duo)方(fang)面(mian)籌(chou)集資(zi)金(jin),硬是把(ba)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保存(cun)了(le)(le)下(xia)來(lai)。一個(ge)場(chang)(chang)(chang)子(zi)堅持保護一個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近50年(nian)(nian)(nian),這在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)數不(bu)多(duo)。吳(wu)常(chang)(chang)信院(yuan)士(shi)考(kao)(kao)察指(zhi)導時(shi)給(gei)予(yu)了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)度評價(jia),認(ren)為(wei)這是一件了(le)(le)不(bu)起的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)情。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai),各級政(zheng)府(fu)、上(shang)級業(ye)(ye)(ye)務主管部門(men)及科(ke)研單位(wei)對(dui)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作給(gei)予(yu)了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)度重視。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),吳(wu)常(chang)(chang)信院(yuan)士(shi)與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)局領導在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市領導陪同(tong)下(xia)到(dao)(dao)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈(ci)倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)(chang)考(kao)(kao)察指(zhi)導工(gong)(gong)作,當即拍板(ban)定(ding)案:三年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間內農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部、山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)(yi)總站和(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市政(zheng)府(fu)按(an)照1:2:3的(de)(de)比例給(gei)予(yu)配(pei)套資(zi)金(jin)用于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數量由500套擴大(da)到(dao)(dao)3000套,品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量得(de)到(dao)(dao)恢復,也為(wei)其(qi)開發(fa)利(li)用奠定(ding)了(le)(le)堅實基礎(chu)。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)列入山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)優良肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化開發(fa)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu),為(wei)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)提(ti)供核心育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)素材。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)列入山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)單位(wei)科(ke)技(ji)推(tui)廣項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu),與(yu)(yu)山東(dong)(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)科(ke)學院(yuan)家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)所(suo)協作,進行地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)優良家(jia)禽(qin)(qin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)推(tui)廣,在(zai)(zai)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)推(tui)廣壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)父(fu)母(mu)代(dai)2.1萬套,商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)280萬只(zhi),向周(zhou)(zhou)邊省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)市推(tui)廣商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)代(dai)70余(yu)萬只(zhi),取得(de)了(le)(le)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi),步入了(le)(le)優質(zhi)肉雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)軌道。該(gai)(gai)(gai)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)獲得(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)部豐(feng)收獎二等(deng)獎。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月23日,山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)量技(ji)術(shu)(shu)監督(du)局發(fa)布山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標準(zhun)(DB37/T516—2004)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,該(gai)(gai)(gai)標準(zhun)規定(ding)了(le)(le)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)(te)性(xing)(xing),該(gai)(gai)(gai)標準(zhun)適用于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒定(ding)。
三.地域范圍
壽光雞(ji)分布在山東(dong)省(sheng)壽光市境內的圣城、文家、孫家集(ji)、洛城、古城五個(ge)(ge)街道辦(ban)事處,稻(dao)田、侯鎮(zhen)、上口、田柳、營里、羊口、化(hua)龍(long)、紀臺(tai)、臺(tai)頭九個(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen),境內存養壽光雞(ji) 200萬余只。地理坐標為東(dong)經118°32′00″~119°10′00″,北(bei)緯36°41′00″~37°19′00″。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、體型外貌特征(zheng):壽光雞體軀(qu)高大,紅冠,黑嘴、黑羽、黑腿,白皮膚(fu),蛋(dan)殼(ke)顏色為(wei)紅褐色。
a體(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing):壽光雞體(ti)(ti)軀高大(da),骨骼粗壯(zhuang),體(ti)(ti)長胸深,背(bei)寬平直,腿高而(er)粗,腳(jiao)爪大(da)而(er)堅實。分(fen)為大(da)、中(zhong)兩個品(pin)系。大(da)型(xing)(xing)雞腿高,體(ti)(ti)長,背(bei)稍窄,頭(tou)較大(da),眼稍凹,面部較粗糙,屬(shu)肉(rou)(rou)蛋兼用型(xing)(xing)。中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)稍小于大(da)型(xing)(xing)雞,背(bei)寬,腿較矮,頭(tou)大(da)小適中(zhong),眼大(da)靈活,面部較細致清秀,屬(shu)蛋肉(rou)(rou)兼用型(xing)(xing)。
b外貌特(te)征:全身黑(hei)羽,并閃(shan)有金屬光澤,尾有長(chang)短之分(fen)。單冠,冠有大(da)小之分(fen),冠、髯、耳葉、臉(lian)均為(wei)紅色,眼大(da)靈活,虹彩黑(hei)褐(he)色,喙(hui)、脛、爪為(wei)黑(hei)色,皮膚為(wei)白(bai)色。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)皮下脂肪(fang)分(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻,肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)嫩;肌(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)脂肪(fang)、肌(ji)(ji)(ji)甘酸含(han)(han)量較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao),雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)香,風(feng)味獨特(te)(te)。 壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)的理(li)化(hua)特(te)(te)性(xing):水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(%)≥70.6、65℃干(gan)燥失(shi)重(zhong)(%)≥70.7、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(%)20.3-29.61、鈣(㎎/㎏)5.2-6.0、氨基酸總和(g/100g)15.6-20.6。根據山(shan)東農(nong)業(ye)大學李同樹(shu)教授對壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)的肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)性(xing)分(fen)(fen)析,壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)與(yu)中(zhong)型蛋雞(ji)(ji)黃金褐父母(mu)代雞(ji)(ji)相比,壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)具有腿肌(ji)(ji)(ji)發達,肉(rou)(rou)色(se)較(jiao)(jiao)深,肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)系水(shui)力和熟肉(rou)(rou)率高(gao)(gao),肌(ji)(ji)(ji)纖維較(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)的突出優(you)點。與(yu)AA肉(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)相比,壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)量低,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao),特(te)(te)別是(shi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)量明顯優(you)于(yu)AA肉(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji),這是(shi)壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)香的主要原因。總體上講(jiang),壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)色(se)良好(hao),系水(shui)力較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao),嫩度適宜,而且肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)中(zhong)風(feng)味成分(fen)(fen)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)苷酸含(han)(han)量較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。
3、質量安全(quan)要求:壽光雞生產(chan)嚴(yan)格按《NY5032-2006無(wu)公(gong)害食品畜(chu)禽(qin)飼(si)料和飼(si)料添加劑使用準則》、《NY5030-2006無(wu)公(gong)害食品畜(chu)禽(qin)飼(si)養獸藥使用準則》執(zhi)行。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇與特(te)殊內(nei)容規定:壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)生活(huo)在壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)彌(mi)河(he)流域,境內(nei)環境無污(wu)染,境內(nei)飲(yin)用水(shui)、大氣土壤均符合國(guo)家標準。壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)市位于渤海灣(wan)南岸的沖積(ji)平(ping)原,水(shui)灌條件(jian)較好(hao),農作物主(zhu)要有小麥、玉米、高梁、大豆、谷子(zi)、甘薯等。這一帶地(di)靠(kao)海濱,魚、蝦、貝殼較多,養雞(ji)飼(si)料資源豐富。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特(te)定要(yao)求:壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)市重視壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞(ji)的品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),對該品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)以本品種(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu),采用(yong)家系(xi)等(deng)量(liang)留種(zhong)(zhong)、家系(xi)間(jian)循環交(jiao)配,品系(xi)間(jian)橫向固(gu)定、縱向提(ti)高(gao)的方式選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)配。選(xuan)(xuan)擇的性狀母雞(ji)重點進(jin)行產(chan)蛋(dan)量(liang)、蛋(dan)殼質(zhi)量(liang)、開產(chan)日齡、早(zao)期增重速度、受精率等(deng)幾個性狀的選(xuan)(xuan)擇,公雞(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)進(jin)行增重速度的選(xuan)(xuan)擇。養殖企業堅持(chi)自繁自養,不近(jin)親雜交(jiao),確保了本品種(zhong)(zhong)特(te)有遺傳(chuan)性能的穩定。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
1、包裝:包裝材料應符(fu)合GB11680和GB9687的規定。包裝物使用無毒油墨印刷。
2、標(biao)識:標(biao)志使(shi)用人應(ying)在(zai)其產(chan)品(pin)或其包(bao)裝上統一使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(壽光雞和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式)。
3、運輸(shu):公路、水路運輸(shu)應使用符(fu)合衛生(sheng)要(yao)求的冷藏(zang)車(che)(船)或(huo)保溫車(che),鐵路運輸(shu)按國家(jia)有(you)關規定執行。