一.產品介紹
1、原產區(qu):山東省壽光(guang)市稻田鎮慈(ci)家(jia)、倫(lun)家(jia)一帶。
2、體(ti)型(xing)外(wai)(wai)貌描(miao)述:①體(ti)型(xing):壽光雞(ji)體(ti)軀高(gao)大(da)(da)(da),骨(gu)骼粗壯,體(ti)長胸深,背(bei)寬平直,腿高(gao)而粗,腳爪大(da)(da)(da)而堅實。分為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)、中兩個品系。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji)腿高(gao),體(ti)長,背(bei)稍(shao)窄,頭(tou)較大(da)(da)(da),眼(yan)稍(shao)凹,面部(bu)較粗糙,屬(shu)肉蛋兼用(yong)型(xing)。中型(xing)體(ti)重稍(shao)小(xiao)(xiao)于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji),背(bei)寬,腿較矮,頭(tou)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)適中,眼(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活(huo),面部(bu)較細致清秀,屬(shu)蛋肉兼用(yong)型(xing)。②外(wai)(wai)貌特征:全身黑(hei)羽,并(bing)閃有金屬(shu)光澤,尾有長短之分。單(dan)冠,冠有大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)之分,冠、髯、耳葉、臉均為(wei)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se),眼(yan)大(da)(da)(da)靈活(huo),虹彩黑(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),喙、脛、爪為(wei)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),皮(pi)膚為(wei)白色(se)(se)(se)(se)。初生雛(chu)絨毛為(wei)全黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se),少數眼(yan)的(de)上、后(hou)部(bu)和喙角(jiao)及頜、頸(jing)下(xia)部(bu)有淡黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)塊。頭(tou)頂、頸(jing)后(hou)、背(bei)腰(yao)部(bu)絨毛呈黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。頸(jing)側(ce)、體(ti)側(ce)、尾部(bu)呈黑(hei)灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。喙呈黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或喙尖為(wei)黃白色(se)(se)(se)(se)。脛、趾灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se),皮(pi)膚白色(se)(se)(se)(se)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性能(neng):①生(sheng)(sheng)長速度(du):壽光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平均(jun)初生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)42.4克(ke),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早期發育(yu)和(he)羽(yu)毛生(sheng)(sheng)長較慢(man),特別是(shi)大(da)(da)型(xing)壽光(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),生(sheng)(sheng)長前期常有背(bei)毛稀疏,后(hou)軀赤裸、禿尾(wei)現象。生(sheng)(sheng)長速度(du)一般(ban)從40日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)開(kai)始(shi)加快(kuai)(kuai),至3月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)后(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)長最快(kuai)(kuai),體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)快(kuai)(kuai)速增(zeng)加。②產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)性能(neng):該雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量和(he)蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)類型(xing)不同(tong)有一定(ding)(ding)的差異(yi)。大(da)(da)型(xing)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)90—100個,蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)65—75克(ke);中(zhong)型(xing)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)120—150個,最高(gao)可達213個,蛋(dan)(dan)重(zhong)(zhong)60—65克(ke).蛋(dan)(dan)殼(ke)顏色為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅褐色,蛋(dan)(dan)殼(ke)厚(hou)度(du)0.36毫米(mi),蛋(dan)(dan)形指數(shu)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.32。 4、繁殖性能(neng):性成(cheng)(cheng)熟期:大(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)140天(tian),平均(jun)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2.55千(qian)克(ke)。中(zhong)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)120天(tian),開(kai)產(chan)(chan)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.0千(qian)克(ke)左右。②公母比(bi)例:自然配種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公母比(bi)例,大(da)(da)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:8—10,中(zhong)型(xing)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1:10—12。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蛋(dan)(dan)受(shou)精(jing)(jing)率90.7%,受(shou)精(jing)(jing)蛋(dan)(dan)的孵化率80.9%。③就巢(chao)性:據1982年壽光(guang)慈倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場統計,經選育(yu)后(hou)就巢(chao)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)僅(jin)占0.89%。④雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)力:在(zai)正常飼養管(guan)理條件下(xia),據壽光(guang)慈倫(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場測(ce)定(ding)(ding),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)的成(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)96.8%,2月(yue)(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)92.5%,與外來品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對比(bi),雛雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發病(bing)緩和(he),治愈率較高(gao),體(ti)況恢復較快(kuai)(kuai)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷(li)史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:壽(shou)光是一個自南而北(bei)(bei)緩(huan)慢降(jiang)低的平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)(qu)。海(hai)拔(ba)最高點在孫家(jia)集街道辦事處三元朱(zhu)村(cun)東(dong)(dong)南角埠頂處,高程49.5米(mi);最低點在大(da)(da)家(jia)洼鎮的老河(he)口(kou)附近(jin),高程1米(mi)。南北(bei)(bei)相對高差(cha)48.5米(mi),水(shui)平(ping)(ping)距離70公里,平(ping)(ping)均坡(po)度降(jiang)萬分(fen)之七。河(he)流(liu)(liu)和(he)地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)自西南向東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)流(liu)(liu)動,形成(cheng)大(da)(da)平(ping)(ping)小不平(ping)(ping)的微(wei)地(di)(di)貌(mao)差(cha)異。全市(shi)地(di)(di)形總體分(fen)為(wei)三部(bu)(bu)分(fen):壽(shou)南緩(huan)崗區(qu)(qu)為(wei)泰沂山區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)洪積(ji)扇(shan)尾。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)多為(wei)沖(chong)積(ji)物,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較(jiao)好。全區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)形部(bu)(bu)位高,地(di)(di)面起(qi)伏大(da)(da),地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)(liu)強,潛水(shui)埋深(shen)大(da)(da)于(yu)5米(mi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型多為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)潮褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。中部(bu)(bu)微(wei)斜平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)(qu),地(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)緩(huan),坡(po)降(jiang)很小。因受河(he)流(liu)(liu)影(ying)響,各(ge)個地(di)(di)貌(mao)單元呈(cheng)南北(bei)(bei)走向間隔條(tiao)帶狀(zhuang)分(fen)布。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤母質(zhi)為(wei)河(he)流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)物。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)化(hua)潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、濕潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)砂姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 濱海(hai)淺(qian)平(ping)(ping)洼地(di)(di),地(di)(di)形部(bu)(bu)位較(jiao)低,海(hai)拔(ba)在4—7米(mi)之間。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為(wei)海(hai)相沉積(ji)物與河(he)流(liu)(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)物迭次相間。地(di)(di)下水(shui)埋深(shen)1—3米(mi),礦化(hua)度較(jiao)高。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為(wei)濱海(hai)鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)濱海(hai)潮鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)文情況:壽光(guang)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)多河(he)流,現在全境(jing)(jing)內(nei)有河(he)流17條,其(qi)中小(xiao)清河(he)從境(jing)(jing)內(nei)北(bei)(bei)端入海,常年流水(shui),有水(shui)上運輸之利,余(yu)皆季節(jie)性歇河(he)。最(zui)大(da)的河(he)流是(shi)彌(mi)(mi)(mi)河(he),縱(zong)貫境(jing)(jing)內(nei)南北(bei)(bei),將全市水(shui)系(xi)(xi)分為東西兩部分。彌(mi)(mi)(mi)河(he)以西為小(xiao)清河(he)水(shui)系(xi)(xi),彌(mi)(mi)(mi)河(he)以東為彌(mi)(mi)(mi)河(he)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)。彌(mi)(mi)(mi)河(he)由紀(ji)(ji)臺鎮西南入境(jing)(jing),流經紀(ji)(ji)臺、孫家集(ji)、圣城、上口、田柳(liu)、營里等鎮。主河(he)道境(jing)(jing)內(nei)總長度為80公(gong)里,河(he)槽平均寬170米,入境(jing)(jing)流域面積2248平方公(gong)里。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):壽光地(di)處(chu)中緯(wei)度帶,北臨渤(bo)海,屬(shu)暖溫帶季(ji)風(feng)區大陸性氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)。受(shou)暖冷空氣(qi)的交替(ti)影響,形成了“春季(ji)干旱少(shao)雨,夏季(ji)炎熱多雨,秋季(ji)爽(shuang)涼(liang)有(you)旱,冬季(ji)干冷少(shao)雪”的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點。
a日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao):全年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數2607.4小時,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)59%。年(nian)內日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)分布(bu)不均(jun),以(yi)5月日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數最多,為(wei)(wei)274.3小時,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)63%;12月最少,為(wei)(wei)176.4小時,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)59%。
b氣(qi)(qi)溫:歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫為12.4℃。境內(nei)溫度相差在0.1—0.3℃之間(jian),月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫7月(yue)最(zui)高,為26.2℃。1月(yue)最(zui)低,為-3.4℃,月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫年(nian)(nian)較差29.6℃。極(ji)端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫-22.3℃,極(ji)端最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫41℃。春季(ji)溫度回升較快,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫升到6℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,0 ℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)溫度出(chu)現(xian)較少。夏季(ji)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)炎熱,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫23 ℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,日(ri)最(zui)高溫度在30℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上的時(shi)(shi)間(jian),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每年(nian)(nian)68天(tian)。秋季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫逐日(ri)降低,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫19℃,有(you)寒潮出(chu)現(xian)。冬(dong)季(ji)從12月(yue)開(kai)始,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫在-1℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)溫低于-10℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)為22天(tian)。
C降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui):歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)591.9毫米(mi),最大年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1286.7毫米(mi),最小(xiao)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)299.5毫米(mi)。境內(nei)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)差異(yi)不大,為10—30毫米(mi),干(gan)旱和濕潤季節(jie)分明。年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)分布不均(jun):春季平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)79.3毫米(mi),夏季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為387.1毫米(mi),占年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)65.4%,秋季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)101.2毫米(mi),冬季降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)最少(shao),只(zhi)占全年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的4.1%。
4、人文歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況(kuang):養(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)是壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),是當地(di)(di)農(nong)民收入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)來源。壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是我國(guo)(guo)優良地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),該(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彌河(he)流(liu)域(yu),歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上經過當地(di)(di)勞動(dong)人民長期(qi)(qi)(qi)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu),遺傳(chuan)性(xing)能穩定(ding),外貌(mao)特(te)(te)征一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi),具(ju)(ju)有(you)體型碩大、黑羽、黑腿、黑嘴、白皮(pi)膚,肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩,風味鮮(xian)美(mei),蛋(dan)大皮(pi)紅等(deng)(deng)特(te)(te)性(xing),在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)內外享有(you)較高聲譽(yu),被列入國(guo)(guo)家品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志和(he)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)名(ming)錄(lu)。據史(shi)(shi)料記(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai),該(gai)(gai)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形成與(yu)當地(di)(di)社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)與(yu)經濟(ji)活動(dong)息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan),有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)較長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展過程。公元前480年(nian)(nian)至公元前220年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi),以齊國(guo)(guo)鄒衍為(wei)(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)興學派所著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《周禮·夏官·職方(fang)(fang)氏》中(zhong)論述了(le)(le)(le)天下九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)不同地(di)(di)區(qu)對人與(yu)動(dong)植物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,其(qi)曰(yue)“乃辨(bian)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)……正東(dong)曰(yue)青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)……其(qi)畜宜雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狗;其(qi)谷宜稻麥”。原青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(現壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、益(yi)都等(deng)(deng)縣(xian))乃屬當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)轄(xia)區(qu)之(zhi)內,可見(jian)養(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)即已占重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)地(di)(di)位。公元六世(shi)紀北(bei)魏時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)杰出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學家賈思勰(xie)系古青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人,在(zai)(zai)他撰(zhuan)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《齊民要(yao)術》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書中(zhong),記(ji)述了(le)(le)(le)該(gai)(gai)地(di)(di)區(qu)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形態特(te)(te)征、飼養(yang)技術等(deng)(deng),對研(yan)究(jiu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)早期(qi)(qi)(qi)形成具(ju)(ju)有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)價(jia)值(zhi)。據清代《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai):“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比戶皆畜,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)卵(luan)甲他縣(xian),皮(pi)有(you)紅白之(zhi)殊,雄雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大者高尺許,長冠巨(ju)(ju)爪(zhua),為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)”。 壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)上海瑯(lang)山(shan)(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、廣東(dong)三黃雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、河(he)南(nan)固始雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)四大地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)負盛名(ming),歷(li)史(shi)(shi)最(zui)悠久,它是唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)被載(zai)(zai)(zai)入《大不列顛百科(ke)全(quan)書—品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卷》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根(gen)據1956年(nian)(nian)科(ke)學出(chu)(chu)(chu)版社出(chu)(chu)(chu)版,由趙(zhao)希斌(bin)編(bian)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《家禽》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書記(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)1953年(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian),曾運往蘇聯(lian)展覽或作(zuo)(zuo)交換品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。1959年(nian)(nian)10月,在(zai)(zai)原華東(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)所品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,在(zai)(zai)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市稻田鎮建立了(le)(le)(le)慈倫(lun)(lun)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場,開展保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)提(ti)純復壯工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)代末期(qi)(qi)(qi),隨著養(yang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和(he)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大量(liang)(liang)引(yin)進(jin),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)養(yang)殖受(shou)到(dao)(dao)巨(ju)(ju)大沖擊。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量(liang)(liang)大幅(fu)度減少,造(zao)成多年(nian)(nian)封鎖繁育(yu)(yu)和(he)近(jin)親繁殖現象,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力明顯降低(di),甚(shen)至到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)瀕臨滅絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)情況(kuang)下,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫(lun)(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場多方(fang)(fang)面籌集資(zi)(zi)金,硬是把壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)存了(le)(le)(le)下來。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)場子堅持保(bao)(bao)護(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近(jin)50年(nian)(nian),這在(zai)(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)不多。吳常信院(yuan)士考(kao)察指導(dao)時(shi)給予(yu)了(le)(le)(le)高度評價(jia),認為(wei)(wei)這是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件了(le)(le)(le)不起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情。1998年(nian)(nian)以來,各級(ji)(ji)政(zheng)府、上級(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)務主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)及(ji)科(ke)研(yan)單位對壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)給予(yu)了(le)(le)(le)高度重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。1999年(nian)(nian),吳常信院(yuan)士與(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)獸醫局領(ling)導(dao)在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市領(ling)導(dao)陪同下到(dao)(dao)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)慈倫(lun)(lun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場考(kao)察指導(dao)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),當即拍板定(ding)案:三年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間內農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)畜牧(mu)獸醫總站和(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)市政(zheng)府按照1:2:3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例(li)給予(yu)配套資(zi)(zi)金用(yong)于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數(shu)量(liang)(liang)由500套擴大到(dao)(dao)3000套,品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)得到(dao)(dao)恢復,也(ye)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)開發(fa)利用(yong)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)堅實(shi)基礎。1999年(nian)(nian),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)列入山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)優良肉(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)開發(fa)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),為(wei)(wei)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)提(ti)供核心育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)素(su)材(cai)。2003年(nian)(nian)列入山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)單位科(ke)技推廣項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),與(yu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學院(yuan)家禽所協作(zuo)(zuo),進(jin)行(xing)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)優良家禽品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)高效生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術推廣,在(zai)(zai)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)推廣壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)父母代2.1萬(wan)(wan)套,商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代280萬(wan)(wan)只,向周邊(bian)省(sheng)(sheng)市推廣商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)代70余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)只,取得了(le)(le)(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)效益(yi)和(he)社會效益(yi),步(bu)入了(le)(le)(le)優質(zhi)肉(rou)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道。該(gai)(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)獲得農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)豐收獎(jiang)二等(deng)(deng)獎(jiang)。2004年(nian)(nian)12月23日(ri),山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)技術監督局發(fa)布山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(DB37/T516—2004)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,該(gai)(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)性(xing),該(gai)(gai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)適用(yong)于壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑒(jian)定(ding)。
三.地域范圍
壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞分布(bu)在山東省壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)市境(jing)內(nei)的(de)圣城、文家、孫(sun)家集、洛城、古(gu)城五個街(jie)道辦事處,稻田、侯鎮(zhen)、上(shang)口、田柳、營(ying)里、羊口、化龍(long)、紀臺(tai)、臺(tai)頭九(jiu)個鎮(zhen),境(jing)內(nei)存養壽(shou)(shou)光(guang)雞 200萬(wan)余只。地理(li)坐標為東經(jing)118°32′00″~119°10′00″,北緯36°41′00″~37°19′00″。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、體型外貌(mao)特征:壽光雞(ji)體軀高大,紅(hong)冠,黑嘴、黑羽(yu)、黑腿,白皮膚,蛋殼顏色為紅(hong)褐色。
a體(ti)型(xing):壽光(guang)雞體(ti)軀高(gao)大(da)(da)(da),骨(gu)骼粗壯,體(ti)長胸深,背(bei)寬平直,腿高(gao)而(er)粗,腳爪(zhua)大(da)(da)(da)而(er)堅(jian)實。分為大(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)兩個品系。大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞腿高(gao),體(ti)長,背(bei)稍窄,頭較大(da)(da)(da),眼稍凹,面(mian)部(bu)較粗糙(cao),屬肉蛋兼用型(xing)。中(zhong)型(xing)體(ti)重稍小(xiao)于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)雞,背(bei)寬,腿較矮,頭大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)適中(zhong),眼大(da)(da)(da)靈活,面(mian)部(bu)較細致(zhi)清秀,屬蛋肉兼用型(xing)。
b外貌特征:全身(shen)黑(hei)羽,并閃(shan)有金屬光澤,尾有長短(duan)之(zhi)分(fen)。單冠,冠有大小之(zhi)分(fen),冠、髯、耳葉、臉均為(wei)紅色,眼大靈活,虹彩黑(hei)褐色,喙、脛、爪為(wei)黑(hei)色,皮膚為(wei)白色。
2、內在品質(zhi):壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)皮下脂肪分(fen)布(bu)均勻,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)細嫩;肌(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)脂肪、肌(ji)(ji)(ji)甘(gan)酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao),雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香(xiang),風味(wei)獨特(te)(te)。 壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的理(li)化特(te)(te)性:水分(fen)(%)≥70.6、65℃干燥失重(%)≥70.7、蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(%)20.3-29.61、鈣(㎎/㎏)5.2-6.0、氨基酸總和(he)(g/100g)15.6-20.6。根(gen)據山東農業大(da)學李同(tong)樹教(jiao)授對(dui)壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)特(te)(te)性分(fen)析(xi),壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)與(yu)中(zhong)型蛋雞(ji)(ji)黃(huang)金(jin)褐(he)父母代雞(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)比,壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)具有腿(tui)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)發達,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色(se)較(jiao)深(shen),肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)系水力(li)和(he)熟(shu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率高(gao),肌(ji)(ji)(ji)纖維較(jiao)細的突出優點(dian)。與(yu)AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)比,壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)水分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)低,蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)較(jiao)高(gao),特(te)(te)別是(shi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)明(ming)顯(xian)優于AA肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)雞(ji)(ji),這是(shi)壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)品質(zhi)香(xiang)的主要原因。總體(ti)上(shang)講,壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)雞(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色(se)良好(hao),系水力(li)較(jiao)高(gao),嫩度適宜,而且肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)中(zhong)風味(wei)成分(fen)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)苷酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。
3、質量安全要求:壽光雞(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)嚴格按《NY5032-2006無公害食(shi)品畜禽飼料(liao)和飼料(liao)添(tian)加劑(ji)使用準則》、《NY5030-2006無公害食(shi)品畜禽飼養(yang)獸藥(yao)使用準則》執行。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產(chan)地選擇與特殊內容規定:壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)雞生活在壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)彌河流域,境(jing)內環境(jing)無污染,境(jing)內飲(yin)用水(shui)、大氣土壤(rang)均符合國家(jia)標準。壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)市位于渤海(hai)(hai)灣南岸的沖積平(ping)原(yuan),水(shui)灌條(tiao)件(jian)較好,農(nong)作物主要有(you)小麥、玉米、高(gao)梁、大豆、谷子、甘薯等。這一帶地靠海(hai)(hai)濱,魚、蝦、貝殼(ke)較多,養雞飼料(liao)資源(yuan)豐富。
2、品(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定(ding)要求:壽(shou)光(guang)市重視壽(shou)光(guang)雞(ji)的(de)品(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu),對該品(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)以(yi)本(ben)品(pin)種為(wei)主,采(cai)用家系(xi)等(deng)量(liang)留種、家系(xi)間循環交配,品(pin)系(xi)間橫向(xiang)固定(ding)、縱向(xiang)提高(gao)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)選(xuan)(xuan)配。選(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)性狀母雞(ji)重點進行(xing)產(chan)(chan)蛋量(liang)、蛋殼質量(liang)、開產(chan)(chan)日(ri)齡、早(zao)期(qi)增重速度(du)、受精率等(deng)幾個性狀的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇,公雞(ji)主要進行(xing)增重速度(du)的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇。養殖企業(ye)堅持自繁自養,不近親(qin)雜交,確保了本(ben)品(pin)種特有遺傳(chuan)性能(neng)的(de)穩定(ding)。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規(gui)定
1、包(bao)(bao)裝:包(bao)(bao)裝材料應符合GB11680和GB9687的規定。包(bao)(bao)裝物使用無毒(du)油墨印(yin)刷。
2、標(biao)識:標(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產品(pin)或其包裝上統一使(shi)用農產品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(壽光(guang)雞和公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注(zhu)型(xing)式)。
3、運(yun)輸:公路、水(shui)路運(yun)輸應使用符合衛(wei)生要(yao)求的冷藏車(che)(船)或保溫車(che),鐵路運(yun)輸按國家有(you)關規定執行。